CN112814738B - Method for improving gas storage efficiency by utilizing gas phase change of bottom pad of salt cavern - Google Patents
Method for improving gas storage efficiency by utilizing gas phase change of bottom pad of salt cavern Download PDFInfo
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- CN112814738B CN112814738B CN202110029824.1A CN202110029824A CN112814738B CN 112814738 B CN112814738 B CN 112814738B CN 202110029824 A CN202110029824 A CN 202110029824A CN 112814738 B CN112814738 B CN 112814738B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/16—Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas storage in salt caverns in petroleum and natural gas, and particularly relates to a method for improving gas storage efficiency by utilizing gas phase change of a pad at the bottom of the salt cavern; arranging a salt cavern gas storage and a shaft, injecting phase-change materials into the elastic cushion gas bags, and placing a predetermined number of elastic cushion gas bags filled with the phase-change materials into the salt cavern gas storage; when the salt cavern gas storage is in the injection stage, along with the increase of gas storage pressure, phase change material changes the little bulky gaseous state of density into the little bulky liquid state of density or supercritical state from the little bulky gaseous state of density, when the salt cavern gas storage is in the extraction stage, along with the reduction of gas storage pressure, phase change material changes the little bulky liquid state of density or supercritical state into the little bulky gaseous state of density, through dynamic adjustment, the stability and the gas storage efficiency of salt cavern gas storage have been improved, and the use of elasticity bag makes the pad gas not mix with the natural gas, the elasticity bag of little packing encapsulation also makes the operation maintenance go on more easily, phase change material is difficult for losing, practice thrift the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas storage in salt caverns in petroleum and natural gas, and particularly relates to a method for improving gas storage efficiency by utilizing gas phase change of a pad at the bottom of the salt cavern.
Background
With the increase of natural gas consumption and the continuous increase of the amount of imported gas in China, the contradiction between natural gas storage and peak regulation is increasingly prominent, and the construction of natural gas underground gas storage is imperative as an important peak regulation and storage means. The natural gas underground storage space mainly comprises three types of exhausted oil-gas fields, aquifers and salt caverns/karst caves.
At present, there are 25 gas reservoirs in total of 11 underground gas reservoirs in China, most of which are exhausted oil and gas field gas reservoirs, and only one salt cavern gas reservoir is the Jiangsu gold jar salt cavern gas reservoir. In the middle east of China, densely populated areas, particularly long triangular areas and middle south areas, lack depleted oil-gas reservoirs and appropriate water-containing structures, but salt mine wells are distributed in a large number, so that the salt cavern type gas storage is the only choice for building the middle east.
Although the salt cavern gas storage has the advantages of fast response, small gas cushion amount, optional scale and the like, the following problems still exist: (1) the proportion of the gas cushion amount is still high, which results in large static capital investment, for example, about 35% of gas cushion amount in a gold jar, and (2) the pressure change range of the whole injection-extraction stage is large, and the influence on the performance of the whole system and the stability of salt caverns is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the gas storage efficiency by utilizing the phase change of the gas cushion at the bottom of the salt cavern, which solves the problems of low gas storage efficiency, insufficient stability of the salt cavern and the like caused by large gas cushion ratio and large pressure change amplitude in the operation process of the conventional salt cavern gas storage.
A method for improving gas storage efficiency by utilizing gas phase change of a cushion at the bottom of a salt cavern comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a salt cavern gas storage:
the method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a shaft 2 between a salt rock stratum 1 and the ground surface, establishing a gas storage and dissolution cavity in the salt rock stratum 1 through the shaft 2, wherein the gas storage and dissolution cavity is a salt cavern gas storage 3, a first pipeline 6, a second pipeline 8 and a third pipeline 10 are arranged at the wellhead of the shaft 2, a first valve 7, a second valve 9 and a third valve 11 are respectively arranged on the first pipeline 6, the second pipeline 8 and the third pipeline 10, the first pipeline 6 and the second pipeline 8 are both communicated with the third pipeline 10, the third pipeline 10 extends into the shaft 2, and a joint is arranged at the tail end of the third pipeline 10 positioned in the shaft 2;
opening a first valve 7, injecting air into the salt cavern gas storage 3 through the first pipeline 6 and the third pipeline 10 via the shaft 2 to the maximum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3, and then dynamically adjusting the air injected into the salt cavern gas storage 3 to keep the pressure in the shaft 2 and the salt cavern gas storage 3;
step two, assembling a one-way valve on the elastic cushion air bag 4, only air is fed but not discharged, connecting the one-way valve on the elastic cushion air bag 4 with a joint at the tail end of a third pipeline 10, simultaneously placing the elastic cushion air bag 4 into the shaft 2, opening a third valve 11, injecting a phase-change material 5 into the elastic cushion air bag 4 through the third pipeline 10, then disconnecting the one-way valve on the elastic cushion air bag 4 from the joint at the tail end of the third pipeline 10, dropping the elastic cushion air bag 4 filled with the phase-change material 5 into the bottom of the salt cavern air storage 3 under the action of gravity, repeating the step until the elastic cushion air bag 4 filled with the phase-change material 5 is placed into the salt cavern air storage 3, and closing the third valve 11 and the first valve 7;
step three, opening a second valve 9, gradually discharging air outwards through a second pipeline 8 until the pressure in the salt cavern gas storage 3 and the shaft 2 is gradually reduced to the minimum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3, wherein in the process, the phase change material 5 in the elastic cushion air bag 4 undergoes phase change, the density is reduced, the volume is increased, when the pressure is reduced to the minimum operating pressure, the volume of the elastic cushion air bag 4 is expanded to occupy the whole salt cavern gas storage 3, and the air in the salt cavern gas storage 3 is exhausted;
step four, gas storage stage:
opening a first valve 7, injecting natural gas into the salt cavern gas storage 3 through the shaft 2 through a first pipeline 6 and a third pipeline 10 until the maximum operation pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3 is reached, wherein in the process, the phase change material 5 in the elastic cushion air bag 4 undergoes phase change, the density is increased, and the volume is reduced, so that the salt cavern gas storage 3 can store more natural gas;
step five, gas production stage:
the second valve 9 is opened, natural gas is extracted from the salt cavern gas storage 3 outwards through the second pipeline 8, gas can be extracted until the minimum operation pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3 is reached, in the process, the phase change material 5 in the elastic cushion air bag 4 is subjected to phase change, the density is reduced, the volume is increased, and the phase change material is expanded to occupy the whole salt cavern gas storage 3 when the minimum operation pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3 is reached, so that the natural gas can be extracted;
and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step to realize the repeated injection-storage-extraction process.
The salt rock stratum 1 is a salt hill or layered salt rock stratum.
The well shaft 2 for injection and production is a vertical well, a horizontal well or a well with any angle.
The material of the elastic cushion airbag 4 is PVC, rubber, latex or olefin polymer.
The density of the phase-change material 5 is greater than that of natural gas under the same temperature and pressure conditions, the salt cavern gas reservoirs 3 with different depths have different operating temperatures and pressures, and for the salt cavern gas reservoir with a shallower layer at the depth of 500m-1000m, the phase-change material selects a mixture of ethanol with a molar fraction of 50% -20% and carbon dioxide with a molar fraction of 50% -80%; aiming at a deeper salt cavern gas storage with the depth of 1000-2000 m, the phase-change material selects a mixture of butane with the mole fraction of 40-10% and carbon dioxide with the mole fraction of 60-90%; or selecting CO according to the operation conditions of the salt cavern gas storage2Alcohols and alkanes are used as phase change materials, or CO is selected2The mixture of two of alcohol substance and alkane substance in different proportions is used as phase change material, or CO is selected2And the mixture of the alcohol substance and the alkane substance mixed according to different proportions is used as the phase change material.
Replacing the air injected in the first step with nitrogen, natural gas or other gases.
The maximum operation pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3 is the maximum pressure which can be borne by the inner wall of the salt cavern cavity, and the minimum operation pressure is the lowest pressure for keeping the long-term stability of the surrounding rock of the salt cavern gas storage 3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the elastic bag is used for packaging the phase-change material serving as the air cushion, so that the mixing of the air cushion and natural gas is avoided;
(2) the phase-change material is used as the air cushion, the operation pressure of the gas storage is maintained through phase change, and the stability and the gas storage efficiency of the salt cavern storage are improved;
(3) a plurality of small elastic packaging bags are adopted, so that the maintenance is convenient;
(4) the encapsulated phase-change material is not easy to run off, and the cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention illustrating the placement of an air cushion flexible bag into a salt cavern gas storage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the salt cavern gas storage structure at the later stage of the injection stage in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the salt cavern gas storage at the later stage of the production stage in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a salt rock stratum, 2, a shaft, 21, an oil pipe, 22, an annulus, 23, a casing, 24, a packer, 3, a salt cavern gas storage, 4, an elastic cushion gas bag, 5, a phase change material, 6, a first pipeline, 7, a first valve, 8, a second pipeline, 9, a second valve, 10, a third pipeline, 11, a third valve, 12 and a natural gas migration direction.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, assuming that the salt cavern gas storage 3 is 500m deep in the present embodiment, the storage capacity 10 is 109m3The upper limit pressure of operation, namely the maximum operation pressure, is 13MPa, the lower limit pressure, namely the minimum operation pressure, is 5MPa, the reservoir temperature is about 38 ℃, and CO is selected as the phase-change material 52。
The wellbore 2 comprises a tubing 21, a casing 23 and a packer 24, wherein the tubing 21 is sleeved in the casing 23, an annulus 22 exists between the tubing 21 and the casing 23, and the packer 24 is arranged at the bottom of the annulus 22 and plays a role in sealing off the salt cavern gas storage 3 from the annulus.
The implementation process comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a salt cavern gas storage:
the method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a shaft 2 between a salt rock stratum 1 and the ground surface, establishing a gas storage and dissolution cavity in the salt rock stratum 1 through the shaft 2, wherein the gas storage and dissolution cavity is a salt cavern gas storage 3, a first pipeline 6 for gas injection, a second pipeline 8 for gas production and a third pipeline 10 for placing an elastic cushion gas bag 4 are arranged at the well mouth of the shaft 2, namely the ground surface, the first pipeline 6, the second pipeline 8 and the third pipeline 10 are respectively provided with a first valve 7, a second valve 9 and a third valve 11, the first pipeline 6 and the second pipeline 8 are communicated with the third pipeline 10, the third pipeline 10 penetrates through the well mouth of the shaft 2 and then extends into an oil pipe 21, and the tail end of the third pipeline 10 positioned in the oil pipe 21 is provided with a joint;
opening a first valve 7, injecting air into the salt cavern gas storage 3 through a first pipeline 6 and a third pipeline 10 via an oil pipe 21 to the maximum operation pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3, and then dynamically adjusting the air injected into the salt cavern gas storage 3 to keep the pressure in the oil pipe 21 and the salt cavern gas storage 3;
step two, the elastic cushion air bag 4 is provided with a one-way valve, only air is supplied but air is not discharged, the one-way valve on the elastic cushion air bag 4 is connected with a joint at the tail end of a third pipeline 10, meanwhile, the elastic cushion air bag 4 is placed into an oil pipe 21, a third valve 11 is opened, and quantitative phase change material 5-CO is injected into the elastic cushion air bag 4 through the third pipeline 102Then disconnecting the one-way valve on the elastic air bag 4 from the joint of the tail end of the third pipeline 10, and filling the phase change material 5-CO under the action of gravity2The elastic cushion gas bags 4 fall into the bottom of the salt cavern gas storage 3, the steps are repeated until a predetermined number of elastic cushion gas bags 4 filled with the phase change materials 5 are placed into the salt cavern gas storage 3, and the third valve 11 and the first valve 7 are closed, as shown in figure 1;
step three, opening the second valve 9, gradually exhausting air outwards through the second pipeline 8 until the pressure in the salt cavern gas storage 3 and the oil pipe 21 is gradually reduced to the minimum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3, and in the process, the phase change material 5-CO in the elastic air bag 42The phase change is generated, the density is reduced, the volume is increased, when the pressure is reduced to the minimum operation pressure, the volume of the elastic cushion air bag 4 is expanded to occupy the whole salt cavern air storage 3, and the air in the salt cavern air storage 3 is exhausted;
step four, gas storage stage:
opening the first valve 7, injecting natural gas into the salt cavern gas storage 3 through the first pipeline 6 via the oil pipe 21 until the maximum operation pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3 is reached, and in the process, phase change material 5-CO in the elastic air bag 42The phase change occurs, the density is increased, and the volume is reduced, so that the salt cavern gas storage 3 can store more natural gas, as shown in fig. 2;
step five, gas production stage:
the second valve 9 is opened, natural gas is produced from the salt cavern gas storage 3 through the second pipeline 8, and gas can be produced until the natural gas reaches the maximum of the salt cavern gas storage 3A small operating pressure, during which the phase change material 5-CO in the resilient air-bag 42A phase change occurs, the density decreases, the volume increases and expands to fill the entire salt cavern gas storage 3 when the minimum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage 3 is reached, so that natural gas can be produced, as shown in fig. 3.
And repeating the fourth step and the fifth step to realize the repeated injection-storage-extraction process.
Phase change material 5-CO2The density and natural gas density of (a) are obtained by looking up a database. CO at 13MPa and 38 deg.C2Density of 17.287mol/L, CH4The density is 5.8632 mol/L; CO at 5MPa and 38 DEG C2Density of 2.6124mol/L, CH4The density was 2.0765 mol/L.
The available CH for a single injection and production in this example is not considered for temperature changes during injection and production4The amount of substance(s) of (a) is V (1-2.6124/17.287) × 5.8632; if CO is not used2And with CH4As a cushion, available CH is injected and produced in a single time4The amount of substance(s) of (2) is V (5.8632-2.0765), wherein V is the volume of the salt cavern. It can be seen that CO is used2As the cushion gas, CH can be replaced4Increased availability per injection (1-2.6124/17.287) × 5.8632- (5.8632-2.0765) </>
(5.8632-2.0765)≈31％。
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving gas storage efficiency by utilizing gas phase change of a cushion at the bottom of a salt cavern is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, setting a salt cavern gas storage:
the method comprises the steps that a shaft (2) is firstly established between a salt rock stratum (1) and the ground surface, a gas storage and dissolution cavity is established in the salt rock stratum (1) through the shaft (2), the gas storage and dissolution cavity is a salt cavern gas storage (3), a first pipeline (6), a second pipeline (8) and a third pipeline (10) are arranged at the wellhead of the shaft (2), the first pipeline (6), the second pipeline (8) and the third pipeline (10) are respectively provided with a first valve (7), a second valve (9) and a third valve (11), the first pipeline (6) and the second pipeline (8) are communicated with the third pipeline (10), the third pipeline (10) extends into the shaft (2), and the tail end of the third pipeline (10) located in the shaft (2) is provided with a connector;
opening a first valve (7), injecting air into the salt cavern gas storage (3) through the first pipeline (6) and a third pipeline (10) via the shaft (2) to the maximum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage (3), and then dynamically adjusting the air injected into the salt cavern gas storage (3) to keep the pressure in the shaft (2) and the salt cavern gas storage (3);
step two, assembling a one-way valve on the elastic cushion air bag (4), only introducing air but not discharging air, connecting the one-way valve on the elastic cushion air bag (4) with a joint at the tail end of a third pipeline (10), simultaneously placing the elastic cushion air bag (4) into the shaft (2), opening the third valve (11), injecting a phase change material (5) into the elastic cushion air bag (4) through the third pipeline (10), then disconnecting the one-way valve on the elastic cushion air bag (4) from the joint at the tail end of the third pipeline (10), dropping the elastic cushion air bag (4) filled with the phase change material (5) into the bottom of the salt cavern air storage (3) under the action of gravity, repeating the steps until the elastic cushion air bag (4) filled with the phase change material (5) is placed into the salt cavern air storage (3), and closing the third valve (11) and the first valve (7);
step three, opening a second valve (9), and gradually discharging air outwards through a second pipeline (8) until the pressure in the salt cavern gas storage (3) and the shaft (2) is gradually reduced to the minimum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage (3), wherein in the process, the phase change material (5) in the elastic cushion air bag (4) undergoes phase change, the density is reduced, the volume is increased, when the pressure is reduced to the minimum operating pressure, the volume of the elastic cushion air bag (4) is expanded to occupy the whole salt cavern gas storage (3), and the air in the salt cavern gas storage (3) is exhausted;
step four, gas storage stage:
opening a first valve (7), injecting natural gas into the salt cavern gas storage (3) through a shaft (2) through a first pipeline (6) and a third pipeline (10) until the maximum operation pressure of the salt cavern gas storage (3) is reached, wherein in the process, a phase change material (5) in an elastic cushion air bag (4) undergoes phase change, the density is increased, and the volume is reduced, so that the salt cavern gas storage (3) can store more natural gas;
step five, gas production stage:
opening a second valve (9), and extracting natural gas from the salt cavern gas storage (3) outwards through a second pipeline (8), wherein the natural gas can be extracted all the time until the minimum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage (3) is reached, in the process, the phase change material (5) in the elastic cushion air bag (4) undergoes phase change, the density is reduced, the volume is increased, and the phase change material expands to occupy the whole salt cavern gas storage (3) when the minimum operating pressure of the salt cavern gas storage (3) is reached, so that the natural gas can be extracted;
and repeating the fourth step and the fifth step to realize the repeated injection-storage-extraction process.
2. The method for improving gas storage efficiency by using gas phase transition of the bottom pad of salt cavern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the salt rock formation (1) is a salt hill-like or layered salt rock formation.
3. The method for improving gas storage efficiency by gas phase change of the bottom pad of the salt cavern according to claim 2, wherein the wellbore (2) for injection and production is a well of any angle.
4. The method for improving the gas storage efficiency by utilizing the gas phase transition of the cushion at the bottom of the salt cavern as claimed in claim 3, wherein the material of the elastic cushion airbag (4) is PVC, rubber, latex or olefin polymer.
5. The method for improving the gas storage efficiency by utilizing the phase change of the gas cushion at the bottom of the salt cavern according to claim 4, wherein the density of the phase change material (5) is greater than that of the natural gas under the same temperature and pressure conditions, the salt cavern gas reservoirs (3) with different depths have different operating temperatures and pressures, and for the salt cavern gas reservoir with a shallower depth of 500m-1000m, the phase change material is a mixture of ethanol with a molar fraction of 50% -20% and carbon dioxide with a molar fraction of 50% -80%; for deeper layers at a depth of 1000m-2000mIn the salt cavern gas storage, a phase-change material is a mixture of butane with a mole fraction of 40-10% and carbon dioxide with a mole fraction of 60-90%; or selecting CO according to the operation conditions of the salt cavern gas storage2Alcohols and alkanes are used as phase change materials, or CO is selected2The mixture of two of alcohol substance and alkane substance in different proportions is used as phase change material, or CO is selected2And the mixture of the alcohol substance and the alkane substance mixed according to different proportions is used as the phase change material.
6. The method for improving the gas storage efficiency by utilizing the gas phase transition of the bottom cushion of the salt cavern as claimed in claim 5, wherein the air injected in the first step is replaced by nitrogen, natural gas or other gases.
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