CN110735622A - kinds of supercritical CO2Method and device for exploiting coal bed gas by water-combined fracturing - Google Patents
kinds of supercritical CO2Method and device for exploiting coal bed gas by water-combined fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110735622A CN110735622A CN201911181379.XA CN201911181379A CN110735622A CN 110735622 A CN110735622 A CN 110735622A CN 201911181379 A CN201911181379 A CN 201911181379A CN 110735622 A CN110735622 A CN 110735622A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Abstract
The invention discloses supercritical CO2The method and the device for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-combined fracturing are particularly suitable for exploiting the coal bed gas with deep and high level stress difference. The present invention utilizes SC-CO2Has the advantages of displacement and replacement on methane, and adopts SC-CO2Performing horizontal well composite fracturing on the coal seam with water base, namely firstly utilizing SC-CO2Carrying a small amount of fine sand to perform primary fracturing to form a plurality of micro cracks which are distributed in a mess and have long extension distance, and sealing the well after fracturing; then carrying sand by clear water for secondary fracturing, and leading the hydraulic fracture to be along SC-CO2The fractured microcracks continuously expand, and the cracks are propped open by using a sand carrier step, and meanwhile, the SC-CO in the cracks is squeezed by the water-based fracturing fluid2The pressing crack is further expanded to formThe shape is complex, the seam width is reasonable; and (4) after fracturing, flowback mining is carried out, and the purpose of increasing yield is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to supercritical CO2Method and device for exploiting coal bed gas by water-combined fracturingBelongs to the field of coal bed gas exploitation, and is particularly suitable for exploiting deep and high-level stress difference coal bed gas.
Background
China is the third largest coal bed gas storage country in the world, and vertical wells are mainly drilled on the ground for coal bed gas exploitation at present, but vertical well exploitation often has the problems of low gas production rate of a single well, large occupied land and the like.
However, compared with reservoirs with hard texture such as shale and the like, the coal bed is relatively soft, the structural stress is more obvious, the seam network structure formed by simple hydraulic fracturing is single , and the defect is more obvious especially when the horizontal ground stress difference of the reservoir is larger.
In addition, the damage of the pure hydraulic fracturing to the coal seam is large, and the earthquake is easily induced.
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present inventors have combined with abundant laboratory and site construction experience to invent supercritical CO2The new method for exploiting coal bed gas by water composite fracturing aims to overcome the difficult problem that a pure hydraulic fracturing net is simple in structure and can reduce damage to a coal bed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to avoid the problem that the structure of a formed hydraulic fracture network is simple in a single water-based fracturing coal seam, particularly a high-level ground stress difference coal seam, reduce the damage of the single water-based fracturing to a reservoir stratum and reduce the possibility of inducing earthquake, the invention provides supercritical CO2Method and device for exploiting coal bed gas by water-mixed fracturing, overcoming pure supercritical CO2( SC-CO2) The difficult problem of small crack width caused by weak sand carrying capacity of the fracturing is solved, and SC-CO is fully utilized2Has the advantages of displacement and replacement on methane, and adopts SC-CO2And the water base is used for carrying out horizontal well composite fracturing on the coal bed, and SC-CO can be fully utilized2Good diffusivity, strong water-based sand carrying capacity and the like.
The invention first utilizes SC-CO2Carrying fine sand to perform primary fracturing on a coal seam to form complex micro cracks, and then performing secondary fracturing on the coal seam by using water-based carrying sand, wherein the water-based fracturing fluid is along SC-CO2The composite fracturing method can avoid the problem that the seam net structure formed by single hydraulic fracturing of the coal bed, particularly the coal bed with high level stress difference is too single by continuously expanding the microcracks formed by fracturing and finally forming the complex seam net structure by expanding the microcracks in steps, and secondly, when the water-based fracturing fluid is used for secondary fracturing of the coal bed, the water-based fracturing fluid is used for fracturing along SC-CO2The micro-cracks formed by fracturing flow, so that the damage to the coal bed can be reduced, and the possibility of inducing earthquake is reduced; furthermore, because of SC-CO2No drainage after the primary fracturing is finished, SC-CO2Can be retained in a shaft and a pressed micro-crack, and when water-based secondary fracturing is adopted, the water-based fracturing fluid can drive SC-CO2Continuously fracturing the coal seam to make the fracture further to expand and help to further to form a complex fracture network, and finally, after the composite fracturing is finished, SC-CO can be used2The gasification and the high pressure formed by the coal bed gas gushing at the bottom of the well realize the automatic flow back of partial water-based fracturing fluid, reduce the drainage and production construction amount and finally realize the high-efficiency exploitation of the coal bed gas.
The invention provides supercritical CO2The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-combined fracturing comprises the following steps:
a. drilling a horizontal well from the ground, wherein the horizontal section is positioned in the coal seam to be fractured;
b. introducing CO2To CO2Booster pump truck, by increasing pressure, CO2Keeping the mixture in a liquid state, and then injecting the mixture into a closed sand mixing device;
in the invention, a closed sand mixing device is required to be used, and CO is adopted2In the first fracturing, CO is guaranteed2The liquid state in the ground pipeline, if the gas state, not only can not carry sand, but also can lead to the ground fracturing pipeline to empty and fail. The sand mixing device (i.e. the device for mixing the proppant and the water) used in the conventional water-based fracturing does not need to be closed, but if the CO is guaranteed2In the liquid state, CO is required to be introduced2With sand mixing meansSealing, in particular at a pressure according to CO2The liquefaction critical temperature corresponds to a critical pressure value and is determined by combining the temperature of a construction site.
c. Injecting the tackifier into the closed sand mixer through the tackifier pumping device, and adding fine sand to form CO with low sand ratio2A fracturing fluid;
d. mixing the above CO2Conveying fracturing fluid to CO2Main pressing the car, opening CO2Injection valve for introducing CO2Injecting the fracturing fluid into a horizontal well through an oil pipe, gradually increasing the pressure and the temperature under the comprehensive action of a water head, frictional resistance and formation heat transfer in the injection process, gradually converting the phase state into a supercritical state, performing staged primary fracturing on a coal bed to be fractured, and closing CO after fracturing is finished2An injection valve , which is used for conveying a drilling machine by an oil pipe, drilling a broken bridge plug, taking out the oil pipe and sealing a well;
e. after clear water and sand are uniformly mixed in the water sand mulling device, the mixed liquid is conveyed to a water main pressure truck, a water injection valve is opened, water-based fracturing liquid is pressed into a horizontal well through a sleeve, secondary fracturing is carried out on the coal bed, the water injection valve is closed after fracturing is finished, partial water-based fracturing liquid is automatically drained back by using high pressure at the bottom of the well, then residual fracturing liquid is drained back by using a water suction pump, the well is sealed after the drainage is finished, and finally coal bed gas is drained.
Said CO2The pressure in the booster pump truck is based on CO2Temperature-pressure phase change diagram is set according to the principle of ensuring CO2Is in a liquid state.
The tackifier is TNJ, and the specific formula comprises 2.0% of TNJ and 98.0% of liquid CO in mass ratio2。
The utilization of SC-CO2For primary fracturing, fine sand should be selected as a fracturing fluid proppant, and the mass content of the sand in the fracturing fluid is less than 10%.
The utilization of SC-CO2And (5) primary fracturing, wherein the diameter of a fracturing oil pipe is phi =88.9 mm.
The utilization of SC-CO2Primary fracturing, the construction discharge capacity is controlled to be 2-4 m3/min。
The utilization of SC-CO2Primary fracturing, after fracturing, the well shut-in time is not less than 24 hours, and the well is not brokenAnd (5) carrying out drainage and mining operation.
The secondary fracturing is carried out by using the water-based fracturing fluid, and the sand-carrying particle size of the secondary fracturing fluid is larger than that of CO2Fracturing sand-carrying particle size.
The present invention provides supercritical CO for use in the above process2The device for exploiting coal bed gas by water composite fracturing comprises CO2Tank car, CO2Booster pump truck, tackifier pump injection device, closed sand mixing device and CO2Main pressure car, CO2An injection valve , a water injection valve , a water main pressure vehicle, a water sand mixer, CO2Tanker and CO2The booster pump truck is connected with the tackifier pumping device in parallel and then connected with the closed sand mixing device, and the other end of the closed sand mixing device is connected with CO2Performing main pressing; the water sand mixing device is connected with a water main pressure vehicle, the water main pressure vehicle and CO2The main pressing vehicle is connected with the horizontal well after being blended, and a water injection valve and CO are respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline2Fill valve .
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the prior art, the invention can make full use of SC-CO2Good diffusivity and displacement of CH4The advantages of (a);
(2) the invention adopts supercritical CO2The water-mixed composite fracturing method can avoid the problem that the seam net structure formed by pure hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam, particularly the coal seam with high level ground stress difference is too single ;
(3) when the water-based fracturing fluid is used for secondary fracturing of a coal bed, the water-based fracturing fluid is along SC-CO2The micro-cracks formed by fracturing flow, so that the damage to the coal bed can be reduced, and the possibility of inducing earthquake is reduced;
(4) after the composite fracturing of the invention is finished, SC-CO is utilized2The gasification and the high pressure formed by the coal bed gas gushing at the bottom of the well realize the automatic flow back of partial water-based fracturing fluid, reduce the drainage and production construction amount and finally realize the high-efficiency exploitation of the coal bed gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of supercritical CO of the present invention2And the structural schematic diagram of the device for exploiting the coal bed gas by water composite fracturing.
In the figure: 1-CO2Tank car, 2-CO2Booster pump truck, 3-tackifier pumping device, 4-closed sand mixing device, 5-CO2Main Press, 6-CO2The method comprises the following steps of an injection valve , 7-a water injection valve , 8-a water main pressure vehicle, 9-a water sand mixing device, 10-a horizontal well, 11-a casing, 12-an oil pipe, 13-a packing bridge plug, 14-a perforation and 15-a coal seam to be pressed.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples .
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides supercritical CO2The method for exploiting coal bed gas by water composite fracturing comprises CO2Tank car 1, CO2Booster pump truck 2, tackifier pump injection device 3, closed sand mixing device 4, CO2Main press 5, CO2An injection valve 6, a water injection valve 7, a water main pressure vehicle 8, a water sand mixing device 9, CO2Tank car 1 and CO2The booster pump truck 2 is connected with the tackifier pumping device 3 in parallel and then is connected with the closed sand mixing device 4, and the other end of the closed sand mixing device 4 is connected with CO2A main press vehicle 5; the water sand mixing device 9 is connected with a water main pressure vehicle 8, the water main pressure vehicle 8 and CO2The main press car 5 is connected with the horizontal well 10 after being blended, and a water injection valve 7 and CO are respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline2Fill valve 6.
The invention is further illustrated at by the following detailed steps, comprising the steps of:
a. drilling a horizontal well 10 from the ground, wherein the horizontal section is positioned in a coal seam 15 to be fractured;
b. introducing CO2CO in tanker 12To CO2Booster pump truck 2 by increasing the pressure (the specific pressure value is according to CO)2The liquefaction critical temperature corresponds to a critical pressure value and is determined by combining the construction site temperature) to ensure that CO is dissolved2Keeping the mixture in a liquid state, and then injecting the mixture into a closed sand mixing device 4;
c. the tackifier (mass ratio: 2.0% TNJ +98.0% liquid CO) is pumped by a tackifier pump injection device 32) Is injected into a closed sand mixing device 4, anAdding fine sand to form 3-5% of low-sand-ratio CO2A fracturing fluid;
d. mixing the above CO2Conveying fracturing fluid to CO2Main press 5, open CO2Injection valve 6 for introducing CO2Injecting the fracturing fluid into a horizontal well 10 through an oil pipe 12 with the diameter phi =88.9mm (in the injection process, under the comprehensive action of a water head, frictional resistance and formation heat transfer, the pressure and the temperature are gradually increased, and the phase state of the fracturing fluid is gradually changed into a supercritical state) at the speed of 2-4 m3The displacement per minute is used for performing staged primary fracturing on a coal seam 15 to be fractured (the specific operation is the same as the simple hydraulic fracturing, namely, a perforating gun is used for manufacturing a perforating 14 at the th section, then a packing bridge plug 13 is used for plugging the section, and SC-CO is used for fracturing2Performing fracturing, repeating the th stage operation in the second stage after the fracturing is finished, and repeating the steps until the fracturing of the whole horizontal stage is finished);
e. SC-CO2after the primary fracturing is completed, the CO is turned off2The injection valve 6 conveys the drilling machine by using the oil pipe 12, and after the drilling breaks the sealed bridge plug 13, the oil pipe 12 is taken out and the well is sealed for 24 hours;
f. mixing clear water and sand in water sand mixer 9, transferring to water main pressure vehicle 8, opening water injection valve 7, and injecting at high pressure (higher than bottom SC-CO)2And coal bed gas mixed pressure) pressing the water-based fracturing fluid into a horizontal well through a casing 12, performing secondary fracturing on the coal bed 15 to be fractured, and closing a water injection valve 7 after fracturing is completed;
g. automatically discharging part of the water-based fracturing fluid by using high pressure at the bottom of the well, then discharging the rest of the fracturing fluid by using a water suction pump, and sealing the well after the completion of the discharge;
h. after the well shut-in is finished, SC-CO in the shaft and the seam network is utilized2The pressure drop formed by gasification realizes the high-efficiency exploitation of the coal bed gas.
Claims (9)
1, kinds of supercritical CO2The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-combined fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. drilling a horizontal well from the ground, wherein the horizontal section is positioned in the coal seam to be fractured;
b. introducing CO2To CO2Booster pump truck, by enlargingPressure of CO2Keeping the mixture in a liquid state, and then injecting the mixture into a closed sand mixing device;
c. injecting the tackifier into a closed sand mixing device, and adding fine sand to form CO with low sand ratio2A fracturing fluid;
d. mixing the above CO2Conveying fracturing fluid to CO2Main pressing the car, opening CO2Injection valve for introducing CO2Injecting the fracturing fluid into a horizontal well through an oil pipe, gradually increasing the pressure and the temperature under the comprehensive action of a water head, frictional resistance and formation heat transfer in the injection process, gradually converting the phase state into a supercritical state, performing staged primary fracturing on a coal bed to be fractured, and closing CO after fracturing is finished2An injection valve , which is used for conveying a drilling machine by an oil pipe, drilling a broken bridge plug, taking out the oil pipe and sealing a well;
e. after clear water and sand are uniformly mixed in the water sand mulling device, the mixed liquid is conveyed to a water main pressure truck, a water injection valve is opened, water-based fracturing liquid is pressed into a horizontal well through a sleeve, secondary fracturing is carried out on the coal bed, the water injection valve is closed after fracturing is finished, partial water-based fracturing liquid is automatically drained back by using high pressure at the bottom of the well, then residual fracturing liquid is drained back by using a water suction pump, the well is sealed after the drainage is finished, and finally coal bed gas is drained.
2. The supercritical CO of claim 12The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-mixed fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: said CO2The pressure in the booster pump truck is based on CO2Temperature-pressure phase change diagram is set according to the principle of ensuring CO2Is in a liquid state.
3. The supercritical CO of claim 12The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-mixed fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the tackifier is TNJ, and the specific formula comprises 2.0% of TNJ and 98.0% of liquid CO in mass ratio2。
4. The supercritical CO of claim 12The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-mixed fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the utilization of SC-CO2For primary fracturing, fine sand is selected as a proppant, andthe mass content of sand in the fracturing fluid is less than 10 percent.
5. The supercritical CO of claim 12The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-mixed fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the utilization of SC-CO2And (5) primary fracturing, wherein the diameter of a fracturing oil pipe is phi =88.9 mm.
6. The supercritical CO of claim 12The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-mixed fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the utilization of SC-CO2Primary fracturing, the construction discharge capacity is controlled to be 2-4 m3/min。
7. The supercritical CO of claim 12The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-mixed fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the utilization of SC-CO2And (4) performing primary fracturing, wherein after the fracturing is finished, the well sealing time is not less than 24h, and the drainage and production operation is not performed.
8. The supercritical CO of claim 12The method for exploiting the coal bed gas by the water-mixed fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the secondary fracturing is carried out by using the water-based fracturing fluid, and the grain diameter of sand carried in the water-based fracturing fluid needs to be larger than that of CO2Fracturing sand-carrying particle size.
9, supercritical CO for use in the method of claims 1-82And device of coal bed gas is exploited to water complex fracturing, its characterized in that: comprising CO2Tank car, CO2Booster pump truck, tackifier pump injection device, closed sand mixing device and CO2Main pressure car, CO2An injection valve , a water injection valve , a water main pressure vehicle, a water sand mixer, CO2Tanker and CO2The booster pump truck is connected with the tackifier pumping device in parallel and then connected with the closed sand mixing device, and the other end of the closed sand mixing device is connected with CO2Performing main pressing; the water sand mixing device is connected with a water main pressure vehicle, the water main pressure vehicle and CO2The main pressing vehicle is connected with the horizontal well after being blended, and a water injection valve and CO are respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline2Fill valve .
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112098223A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Test system and method for evaluating damage degree of drilling fluid to natural fracture |
| CN112983358A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method for exploiting coal bed gas by injecting carbon dioxide between same well seams of horizontal well |
| CN114004119A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 王永亮 | Supercritical CO2Heat transfer and phase change simulation method in fracture network expansion |
| CN114060029A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-02-18 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | Deep coal seam permeability increasing method |
| CN114575817A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-03 | 西南石油大学 | True triaxial confining pressure supercritical CO2Hydraulic composite fracturing system and method thereof |
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| CN112983358A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method for exploiting coal bed gas by injecting carbon dioxide between same well seams of horizontal well |
| CN114060029A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-02-18 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | Deep coal seam permeability increasing method |
| CN114004119A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 王永亮 | Supercritical CO2Heat transfer and phase change simulation method in fracture network expansion |
| CN114004119B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-11-04 | 王永亮 | Supercritical CO 2 Heat transfer and phase change simulation method in fracture network expansion |
| CN114575817A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-03 | 西南石油大学 | True triaxial confining pressure supercritical CO2Hydraulic composite fracturing system and method thereof |
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