CN112814681A - Coal mining method for open pit coal mine in frozen soil area - Google Patents
Coal mining method for open pit coal mine in frozen soil area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112814681A CN112814681A CN202110335346.7A CN202110335346A CN112814681A CN 112814681 A CN112814681 A CN 112814681A CN 202110335346 A CN202110335346 A CN 202110335346A CN 112814681 A CN112814681 A CN 112814681A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C47/00—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines
- E21C47/02—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines for coal, brown coal, or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal mining method of an open pit coal mine in a frozen soil area, which comprises the following steps: s01: dividing the end uppers into a plurality of strip areas in sequence; the strip area comprises a first strip area and a second strip area which are arranged at intervals; s02: mining all coal seams below the first strip zone by coal mining equipment; s03: stopping the machine for waiting until a frozen layer is formed on the surface of the exposed coal seam after mining; s04: mining all coal seams below the second strip zone by coal mining equipment; s05: and discharging the stripped rock into the mined banded region to form an inner row of steps to cover the surface of the exposed coal seam, thereby completing one cycle of coal mining operation. The coal mining method of the open pit coal mine in the permafrost region fully utilizes the strength of the permafrost layer formed before mining and the frozen layer formed during mining to ensure the stability of the side slope of the end slope, improves the mining safety, can further recover the end slope pressing coal and improves the recovery rate of coal resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a coal mining method for an open pit coal mine in a frozen soil area.
Background
In opencast coal mines, in order to improve the recovery rate of coal resources and economic benefits, the end slope pressing coal of the opencast coal mine is recovered by a slope mining technology. But limited by safety factors, only part of end slope pressing coal can be mined, and part of coal resources are still pressed under the side slope of the end slope. Most of large opencast coal mines in China are located in northern seasonal frozen soil areas, after the large opencast coal mines enter a freezing period, the side slopes of the end sides of the opencast coal mines form seasonal frozen soil layers, the freezing depth can reach 1-3m at most, the coal overlying rock layers are difficult to peel due to the frozen soil layers, and if the frozen soil layers are exploded at one time, the side slopes have potential safety hazards of collapse.
In view of the above, a coal mining method for an open pit coal mine in a frozen soil area with safe construction is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coal mining method for an open pit coal mine in a frozen soil area, which is safe in construction.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a coal mining method for an opencast coal mine in a permafrost region, wherein the end slope of the opencast coal mine in the permafrost region is sequentially divided into a permafrost layer, a middle rock layer and a coal layer from top to bottom;
the method comprises the following steps:
s01: dividing the end uppers into a plurality of strip zones in sequence along the direction perpendicular to the end uppers;
wherein the swathes comprise a plurality of first swathes arranged at intervals and a plurality of second swathes arranged at intervals, one second swathe between any adjacent two of the first swathes, one first swathe between any adjacent two of the second swathes;
s02: mining the coal bed below all the first strip zones by coal mining equipment;
s03: stopping the machine for waiting until a frozen layer is formed on the surface of the exposed coal seam after mining;
s04: mining the coal seam below all the second strip zones by the coal mining equipment;
s05: and (3) adopting soil shifting equipment to discharge the stripped rocks into the mined banded region to form an inner row of steps to cover the surface of the exposed coal seam, thereby completing a cycle of coal mining operation.
In one optional technical scheme, the end slope comprises a plurality of end slope steps which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top;
and mining the end slope steps in sequence from bottom to top according to the steps S01 to S05.
In one optional technical solution, step S03 further includes: a frozen thickness monitoring device is used to monitor the thickness of the frozen layer.
In one optional technical scheme, the frozen thickness monitoring device comprises a monitor for deep burying and a computer in communication connection with the monitor;
the monitor comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe, a sealing cover and a stress sensor;
the inner pipe is suspended in the cavity of the outer pipe, and the sealing cover covers the pipe orifices of the outer pipe and the inner pipe;
a plurality of stress sensors are arranged on the outer surface of the pipe wall of the inner pipe at intervals along the up-down direction;
the inner pipe is filled with water;
each stress sensor is in communication connection with the computer, and the position information and the monitoring force value information of each stress sensor are displayed through the computer;
when the water in the inner pipe is not frozen into a liquid state, the monitoring force value of the stress sensor corresponding to the liquid water is F0；
When the water in the inner pipe is frozen into a solid state, the monitoring force value of the stress sensor at the position corresponding to the solid ice is larger than F0。
In one optional technical solution, the step of monitoring the thickness of the frozen layer by using the frozen thickness monitoring device is as follows:
s031: connecting the stress sensor with the computer through a lead, filling water into the inner pipe, and assembling the monitor;
s032: burying the outer pipe into the exposed coal seam with the sealing cover exposed above the coal seam;
s033: standing for a preset time until the monitoring force values of the stress sensors are larger than F0；
S034: monitoring force value greater than F0The depth corresponding to the lowest stress sensor in the plurality of stress sensors is the thickness of the frozen layer.
In one optional technical scheme, two balancing rods which are oppositely arranged are arranged on the outer pipe;
the step S032 further includes the following steps:
placing the balance bar on the top surface of the coal seam, and vertically burying the outer pipe into the coal seam by adjusting the balance bar.
In one optional technical solution, the bottom of the inner tube has a heavy hammer to keep the inner tube in a vertical state in the outer tube.
In one optional technical scheme, slope displacement deformation of the end slope is monitored by slope displacement monitoring equipment in the mining process.
In one optional technical scheme, the slope displacement monitoring equipment comprises a monitoring vehicle, a processor arranged on the monitoring vehicle, an alarm arranged on the monitoring vehicle, a network transmission device arranged on the monitoring vehicle and a radar monitoring device arranged on the monitoring vehicle;
the tail part of the monitoring vehicle is provided with a vehicle fixing frame which is used for fixing the monitoring vehicle and can be folded and unfolded;
the radar monitoring device comprises a radar bracket arranged on the monitoring vehicle and a radar adjustably arranged on the radar bracket, and the radar can be rotationally adjusted on the radar bracket in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
the radar and the alarm are respectively in communication connection with the processor.
In one optional technical scheme, the step of monitoring the slope displacement deformation of the end slope through the slope displacement monitoring equipment is as follows:
before mining operation, moving the monitoring vehicle to one side of the side slope of the end slope, enabling the radar to face the side slope of the end slope, and opening the vehicle fixing frame to fix the monitoring vehicle;
opening the radar, monitoring the displacement change of the side slope in the mining process in real time through the radar, and if the displacement change of the side slope exceeds a preset warning value, sending a warning signal through the alarm;
when the slope displacement monitoring equipment needs to be moved, the vehicle fixing frame is folded, and the monitoring vehicle is moved to a specified position.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the coal mining method for the open pit coal mine in the permafrost region, the end slope pressing coal is mined in a mode of alternately mining the first strip region and the second strip region, the strength of the frozen soil layer formed before mining and the strength of the frozen layer formed during mining are fully utilized to guarantee the stability of the side slope of the end slope, the mining safety is improved, the end slope pressing coal can be further recovered, and the recovery rate of coal resources is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an end slope of an opencast coal mine in a permafrost region sequentially divided into a permafrost layer, a middle rock layer and a coal layer from top to bottom;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the end portion sequentially divided into a plurality of striped areas along a direction perpendicular to the direction of the end portion, the striped areas including a plurality of first striped areas arranged at intervals and a plurality of second striped areas arranged at intervals;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a coal seam below a first mined out zone;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the formation of a frozen layer on the surface of an exposed coal seam after mining of the coal seam below the first stripe;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a coal seam below a second banded region being mined;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the discharge of stripped rock into a mined strip area to form an inner row of steps to cover the surface of the exposed coal seam;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a frozen thickness monitoring device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of monitoring slope displacement deformation of an end slope by a slope displacement monitoring device;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the slope displacement monitoring device.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a coal mining method for an opencast coal mine in a permafrost region is provided, wherein an end slope of the opencast coal mine in the permafrost region is divided into a permafrost layer 1, a middle rock layer 2 and a coal layer 3 from top to bottom in sequence.
The method comprises the following steps:
s01: the end uppers are sequentially divided into a plurality of strip zones along the trend perpendicular to the end uppers.
Wherein the striping comprises a plurality of first striping zones 5 arranged at intervals and a plurality of second striping zones 6 arranged at intervals, one second striping zone 6 is arranged between any two adjacent first striping zones 5, and one first striping zone 5 is arranged between any two adjacent second striping zones 6.
S02: and mining the coal seam 3 below all the first strip zones 5 by coal mining equipment.
S03: the machine is stopped and waits until a frozen layer 7 is formed on the surface of the coal seam 3 exposed after mining.
S04: coal mining equipment is used to mine the coal seam 3 below all of the second strip zone 6.
S05: and (3) adopting soil shifter to discharge the stripped rock into the mined strip zone to form an inner row of steps 8 so as to cover the surface of the exposed coal seam 3, thereby completing a cycle of coal mining operation.
The invention provides a coal mining method of an open pit coal mine in a frozen soil area, which is mainly used for mining pressed coal of an end slope, wherein a slope mining mode is adopted for mining. The coal mining method of the open pit coal mine in the frozen soil area provided by the invention fully utilizes the reinforcing effect of the frozen soil layer 1 and the frozen layer 7 on soil, rock stratum, coal bed and the like, and improves the slope stability to a certain extent due to the increased hardness of the frozen rock, soil body, coal bed and the like, at the moment, the slope of the end slope can be subjected to secondary side mining to further recover the pressed coal below the end slope, and the recovery rate of coal resources is improved.
The open pit coal mine in the permafrost region refers to an open pit coal mine in a seasonal permafrost region. In the coal mine generally located in the northern area, because of low temperature, the end slope of an open pit coal mine can form a frozen soil layer 1 in winter.
An end slope refers to a highwall located at the end of an open pit mine. The backup mining mode is the prior art of end wall mining, and is not described herein again.
The end slope of an opencast coal mine in a permafrost region is generally divided into a permafrost layer 1, a middle rock stratum 2 and a coal bed 3 from top to bottom. There is also a formation below the coal seam 3 and, as such, is not relevant to the present invention and will not be described in detail herein.
The coal mining method of the open pit coal mine in the permafrost region provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the end uppers are sequentially divided into a plurality of strip zones along the trend perpendicular to the end uppers. The highwall runs in the direction of arrow a as shown in fig. 2. The banded zone is a production zone for the banding, which is perpendicular to the run of the end slope.
As shown in fig. 2, the swathe is divided into a plurality of first swathes 5 arranged at intervals and a plurality of second swathes 6 arranged at intervals, one second swathe 6 is provided between any adjacent two first swathes 5, and one first swathe 5 is provided between any adjacent two second swathes 6.
The first banded zone 5 is the production zone for the first pass in one operating cycle of the mining banded zone and the second banded zone 6 is the production zone for the second pass in one operating cycle of the mining banded zone, so the present invention uses a secondary highwall approach to mine the end highwall.
The minimum width of the first and second swathes 5, 6 is no less than the maximum digging radius and maximum unloading radius of the mining equipment.
The second step is that: and mining the coal seam 3 below all the first strip zones 5 by coal mining equipment. For example, the tundra 1 and the middle rock stratum 2 on the surface of the first stripe zone 5 are blasted by adopting a zone blasting mode, and then soil, rocks and the like generated by the blasted tundra 1 and the middle rock stratum 2 are stripped by adopting an excavator and the like, so that the coal bed 3 below is exposed. And then, cutting and recovering the exposed coal seam 3 by using a coal cutter, and transporting each cut coal seam out by using an excavator, a conveyor and the like.
Mining all the coal seams 3 below the first strip zone 5 according to a certain sequence, and keeping the area of the second strip zone 6 still to play a role in stabilizing and supporting.
The third step: and stopping the machine for waiting, and gradually forming a frozen layer 7 on the surface of the coal seam 3 exposed after the first strip zone 5 is mined due to the lower temperature. The waiting time may be determined according to the field situation. And when the thickness of the freezing layer 7 is monitored to meet the requirement, the next construction is carried out. The frozen layer 7 increases the hardness of the exposed coal seam 3 and improves the slope stability to some extent during the next mining of the second banded region 6.
The fourth step: and after the frozen layer 7 is formed and the thickness meets the requirement, mining all the coal seams 3 below the second stripe zones 6 by coal mining equipment. The mining is the same as that of the coal seam 3 below the first banded region 5 and will not be described further herein.
The fifth step: finally, adopting a soil shifter (a bulldozer, a bucket shovel and the like) to discharge the stripped rocks into the mined strip area to form an inner row of steps 8. The inner row of steps 8 covers the surface of the exposed coal seam 3 and plays a role of pressing the upper.
And finishing a circular end slope secondary leaning coal mining operation through the operations from the first step to the fifth step.
Therefore, the coal mining method of the open pit coal mine in the permafrost region provided by the invention is used for mining the end slope pressing coal in a mode of alternately mining the first strip region 5 and the second strip region 6, the strength of the frozen soil layer 1 formed before mining and the frozen layer 7 formed during mining is fully utilized to ensure the stability of the side slope of the end slope, the mining safety is improved, the end slope pressing coal can be further recovered, and the recovery rate of coal resources is improved.
In one embodiment, the end slope comprises a plurality of end slope steps 4 arranged from bottom to top in sequence. The end bench 4 is mined in order from the bottom up and in the manner of steps S01 to S05.
And (3) finishing the coal pressing under the end slope step 4 by a circular end slope secondary close-up coal mining operation, and sequentially mining the end slope steps 4 from low to high until the end slope coal pressing is finished.
In one embodiment, step S03 further includes: the thickness of the frozen layer 7 is monitored using a frozen thickness monitoring device 9.
The freezing thickness monitoring device 9 is used for monitoring the thickness of the freezing layer 7, and when the thickness of the freezing layer 7 is monitored to be 2/3 of the freezing depth or the frozen soil layer 1, the thickness of the freezing layer 7 meets the requirement, and the next operation can be carried out. The thickness of the frozen soil layer 1 can be obtained by drilling. The thickness of the frozen soil layer 1 can be averaged. For increased safety, the thickness of the frozen soil layer 1 may be taken to be the maximum thickness or the maximum freezing depth.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the frozen thickness monitoring device 9 includes a monitor 91 for deep burial and a computer 92 communicatively connected to the monitor 91.
The monitor 91 includes an outer tube 911, an inner tube 912, a sealing cover 913, and a stress sensor 914.
The inner tube 912 is suspended in the cavity of the outer tube 911 and a sealing cap 913 covers the mouths of the outer tube 911 and the inner tube 912.
A plurality of stress sensors 914 are arranged at intervals in the up-down direction on the outer surface of the tube wall of the inner tube 912. The inner tube 912 is filled with water.
Each stress sensor 914 is communicatively connected to the computer 92, and the positional information and the monitored force value information of each stress sensor 914 are displayed by the computer 92.
Wherein, when the water in the inner tube 912 is not frozen to be liquid, the stress sensor 914 corresponding to the liquid waterMonitoring force value of F0。
When the water in the inner pipe 912 is frozen to be solid, the monitoring force value of the stress sensor 914 corresponding to the solid ice is larger than F0。
The frozen thickness monitoring device 9 includes a monitor 91, a computer 92, a wire 93 (optical fiber), and a regulator 94. The monitor 91 is connected with the regulator 94 through a lead 93, and the regulator 94 is connected with the computer 92 through a lead 93, so that the signal transmission between the monitor 91 and the computer 92 is realized.
The monitor 91 includes an outer tube 911, an inner tube 912, a sealing cover 913, and a stress sensor 914 (bragg stress sensor). The bottom of the inner tube 912 is sealed and the sealing cover 913 is detachably mounted on the top nozzle of the inner tube 912. The inner tube 912 is inserted into the lumen of the outer tube 911 and ensures that the inner tube 912 remains upright. The sealing cover 913 covers the top opening of the outer tube 911 and the bottom of the outer tube 911 is also closed. The outer tube 911 is used to protect the inner tube 912 when buried deep in soil, rock or coal.
The stress sensor 914 is attached to the outer pipe wall of the inner pipe 912, and a plurality of stress sensors 914 arranged at intervals are arranged in the axial direction of the inner pipe 912. Preferably, the number of stress sensors 914 is 300, and the distance between adjacent stress sensors 914 is 1 cm. The stress sensor 914 is connected to the adjuster 94 through a wire 93 passing through the seal cover 913, and then connected to the computer 92 through the adjuster 94. The location of each stress sensor 914 is identified and the location information and monitored force value information for each stress sensor 914 is displayed by the computer 92.
Generally, the closer the subsurface is to the surface, the lower the temperature, and the farther away the subsurface is from the surface, the higher the temperature. The density of water is greater than the density of ice. Therefore, when the inner pipe 912 is filled with water and freezes underground, it typically freezes from the top down, and the ice floats on the water surface. Therefore, the freezing depth or the freezing thickness can be obtained after the liquid level position or the position of the bottom of the ice block is obtained.
When the water in the inner tube 912 is not frozen and is in a liquid state, the monitoring force value of the stress sensor 914 corresponding to the liquid water is F0。
When the water in the inner tube 912 freezes to a solid state, the frozen water expands to stress the depth or position stress sensor 914, and the monitored force value of the depth or position stress sensor 914 is greater than F0It can thus be determined that the neutralizing force value in the inner tube 912 is greater than F0The stress sensor 914 corresponds to water freezing at a depth or location.
The inner tube 912 may be connected to a sealing cap 913 through a felt 918, and a lifting ring 917 may be provided on the sealing cap 913 to facilitate separation of the sealing cap 913 from the inner tube 912. A sealing cap 913 is screwed to the outer tube 911.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 3-4 and 7, the step of monitoring the thickness of the frozen layer 7 using the frozen thickness monitoring device 9 is as follows:
s031: the stress sensor 914 is connected to the computer 92 by a wire 93, the inner pipe 912 is filled with water, and the monitor 91 is assembled.
S032: the outer pipe 911 is buried in the coal seam 3 exposed after the first strip 5 is mined, and the sealing cover 913 is exposed above the coal seam 3.
S033: standing for a preset time until the monitoring force values of the stress sensors 914 are greater than F0。
S034: monitoring force value greater than F0The depth corresponding to the lowest stress sensor 914 among the plurality of stress sensors 914 is the thickness of the frozen layer.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, two opposing stabilizer bars 915 are mounted to the outer tube 911.
Step S032 further includes the following steps:
the balance bar 915 is placed on the top surface of the coal seam 3, and the outer tube 911 is vertically buried into the coal seam 3 by adjusting the balance bar 915.
The two balance rods 915 are vertically arranged on the outer tube wall of the outer tube 911, and the two balance rods 915 are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the outer tube 911. When the outer tube 911 is deeply buried, the outer tube 911 is adjusted to be vertically inserted into soil, rock or coal by pressing, pulling or rotating the balance bar 915, so as to improve the monitoring accuracy. Two balance bars 915 are placed on the top surface of the soil, rock or coal to support the monitor 91 and prevent automatic sinking.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the bottom of the inner tube 912 has a weight 916 to keep the inner tube 912 in a vertical state in the outer tube 911.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8-9, slope displacement deformation of the end slope is monitored during mining by a slope displacement monitoring device 10.
The side slope displacement monitoring equipment 10 is used for monitoring the side slope displacement deformation of the end slope, and when the side slope displacement deformation of the end slope is monitored to be overlarge, warning information is sent out, and the construction safety is improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the slope displacement monitoring device 10 comprises a monitoring vehicle 101, a processor 102 arranged on the monitoring vehicle 101, an alarm 103 arranged on the monitoring vehicle 101, a network transmission device 104 arranged on the monitoring vehicle 101, and a radar monitoring device 105 arranged on the monitoring vehicle 101.
The rear part of the monitoring vehicle 101 is provided with a vehicle fixing frame 107 which is used for fixing the monitoring vehicle 101 and can be folded and unfolded.
The radar monitoring device 105 includes a radar bracket 1051 mounted on the monitoring vehicle 101 and a radar 1052 adjustably mounted on the radar bracket 1051, the radar 1052 being rotatably adjustable on the radar bracket 1051 in both a horizontal direction and a vertical direction.
The radar 1052 and the alarm 103 are each communicatively coupled to the processor 102.
The slope displacement monitoring device 10 comprises a monitoring vehicle 101, a processor 102, an alarm 103, a network transmission device 104, a radar monitoring device 105, a storage battery 106 and a vehicle fixing frame 107. The processor 102, the alarm 103, the network transmission device 104, the radar monitoring device 105 and the storage battery 106 are all arranged on the monitoring vehicle 101. The vehicle fixing frame 107 is used for fixing the monitoring vehicle 101, and is installed at the tail of the monitoring vehicle 101 and can be folded and unfolded. The vehicle mount 107 is hinged at the rear of the monitoring station 101. When it is desired to secure the monitoring vehicle 101, the vehicle mount 107 is deployed downward from the rear of the monitoring vehicle 101 and supports the ground to secure the monitoring vehicle. When the monitoring vehicle 101 needs to be moved, the vehicle fixing frame 107 is only required to be retracted from the tail of the monitoring vehicle 101.
The monitoring cart 101 is for mobile devices. The processor 102 may be a chip or a computer for processing signals transmitted from the radar monitoring device 105. The alarm 103 is used for receiving the alarm signal transmitted from the processor 102 and sending out an alarm signal, such as an audible and visual alarm, a voice alarm, and the like. The network transmission device 104 is used for providing a network signal (e.g. 5G signal) to transmit data. The battery 106 provides power to the processor 102, alarm 103, network transmission device 104, and radar monitoring device 105.
The adjustment mechanism includes a first rotation shaft 1053, a second rotation shaft (not shown in the figure), and a pitch shaft 1054. The first rotating shaft 1053 is vertically installed on the radar bracket 1051, the first rotating shaft 1053 is connected with the radar bracket 1051 through a bearing, and the first rotating shaft 1053 can rotate relative to the radar bracket 1051. Of course, a first motor may be installed on the radar bracket 1051 as required, and an output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first rotating shaft 1053 to drive the first rotating shaft 1053 to rotate.
The second rotation shaft is connected between the pitch swing shaft 1054 and the first rotation shaft 1053, and the second rotation shaft is perpendicular to the first rotation shaft 1053. The second rotating shaft is connected to the first rotating shaft 1053 through a bearing and can rotate relative to the first rotating shaft 1053. Of course, a second motor may be installed on the first rotating shaft 1053 as required, and an output shaft of the second motor is connected to the second rotating shaft to drive the second rotating shaft to rotate.
One end of the pitching oscillating shaft 1054 is fixedly connected with the second rotating shaft, and the radar 1052 is installed at the other end of the pitching oscillating shaft 1054.
Therefore, when the first rotating shaft 1053 rotates and the second rotating shaft does not rotate, the radar 1052 is driven to rotate or swing in the horizontal direction by the pitching swinging shaft 1054; when the first rotating shaft 1053 does not rotate and the second rotating shaft rotates, the radar 1052 is driven to rotate or swing in the vertical direction by the pitching swinging shaft 1054; when the first rotating shaft 1053 rotates and the second rotating shaft also rotates, the radar 1052 is driven by the pitching and swinging shaft 1054 to rotate or swing in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
In one embodiment, the steps of monitoring the slope displacement deformation of the end slope by the slope displacement monitoring device 10 are as follows:
prior to the mining operation, the monitoring car 101 is moved to one side of the slope of the end slope so that the radar 1052 faces the slope of the end slope, opening the vehicle mount 107 and securing the monitoring car 101.
And (3) opening the radar 1052, monitoring the displacement change of the side slope in the mining process in real time through the radar 1052, and if the displacement change of the side slope exceeds a preset warning value, sending a warning signal through the alarm 103.
When the slope displacement monitoring device 10 needs to be moved, the vehicle fixing frame 107 is folded, and the monitoring vehicle 101 is moved to a specified position.
The radar 1052 is a real aperture radar, the actual monitoring precision of the real aperture radar can reach the millimeter-scale precision, the working requirement of slope stability monitoring can be met, the real aperture radar directly scans the slope to obtain a real image, a three-dimensional graph of the actual slope can be generated without using external DTM data, and the slope stability is monitored; in the whole process of mining, the slope displacement monitoring equipment 10 is adopted to monitor the displacement deformation of the end slope in real time, so that the early warning of slope landslide accidents is realized, and the construction safety is improved.
According to the needs, the above technical schemes can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made on the basis of the principle of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be regarded.
Claims (10)
1. A coal mining method of an opencast coal mine in a permafrost region is characterized in that the end slope of the opencast coal mine in the permafrost region is sequentially divided into a permafrost layer, a middle rock layer and a coal layer from top to bottom;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01: dividing the end uppers into a plurality of strip zones in sequence along the direction perpendicular to the end uppers;
wherein the swathes comprise a plurality of first swathes arranged at intervals and a plurality of second swathes arranged at intervals, one second swathe between any adjacent two of the first swathes, one first swathe between any adjacent two of the second swathes;
s02: mining the coal bed below all the first strip zones by coal mining equipment;
s03: stopping the machine for waiting until a frozen layer is formed on the surface of the exposed coal seam after mining;
s04: mining the coal seam below all the second strip zones by the coal mining equipment;
s05: and (3) adopting soil shifting equipment to discharge the stripped rocks into the mined banded region to form an inner row of steps to cover the surface of the exposed coal seam, thereby completing a cycle of coal mining operation.
2. The coal mining method of an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 1, wherein the end slope comprises a plurality of end slope steps arranged in sequence from bottom to top;
and mining the end slope steps in sequence from bottom to top according to the steps S01 to S05.
3. The coal mining method of an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 1,
step S03 further includes:
a frozen thickness monitoring device is used to monitor the thickness of the frozen layer.
4. A coal mining method for an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 3,
the frozen thickness monitoring device comprises a monitor for deep burying and a computer in communication connection with the monitor;
the monitor comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe, a sealing cover and a stress sensor;
the inner pipe is suspended in the cavity of the outer pipe, and the sealing cover covers the pipe orifices of the outer pipe and the inner pipe;
a plurality of stress sensors are arranged on the outer surface of the pipe wall of the inner pipe at intervals along the up-down direction;
the inner pipe is filled with water;
each stress sensor is in communication connection with the computer, and the position information and the monitoring force value information of each stress sensor are displayed through the computer;
when the water in the inner pipe is not frozen into a liquid state, the monitoring force value of the stress sensor corresponding to the liquid water is F0；
When the water in the inner pipe is frozen into a solid state, the monitoring force value of the stress sensor at the position corresponding to the solid ice is larger than F0。
5. A coal mining method for an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 4,
the steps of monitoring the thickness of the frozen layer using the frozen thickness monitoring device are as follows:
s031: connecting the stress sensor with the computer through a lead, filling water into the inner pipe, and assembling the monitor;
s032: burying the outer pipe into the exposed coal seam with the sealing cover exposed above the coal seam;
s033: standing for a preset time until the monitoring force values of the stress sensors are larger than F0；
S034: monitoring force value greater than F0The depth corresponding to the lowest stress sensor in the plurality of stress sensors is the frozen layerAnd (4) thickness.
6. A coal mining method for an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 5,
two balancing rods which are oppositely arranged are arranged on the outer pipe;
the step S032 further includes the following steps:
placing the balance bar on the top surface of the coal seam, and vertically burying the outer pipe into the coal seam by adjusting the balance bar.
7. A coal mining method for an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 4,
the bottom of the inner tube is provided with a heavy hammer so that the inner tube is kept in a vertical state in the outer tube.
8. A method of mining a coal in an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 1, wherein slope displacement deformation of the end slope is monitored by a slope displacement monitoring device during mining.
9. The coal mining method of an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 8,
the side slope displacement monitoring equipment comprises a monitoring vehicle, a processor arranged on the monitoring vehicle, an alarm arranged on the monitoring vehicle, a network transmission device arranged on the monitoring vehicle and a radar monitoring device arranged on the monitoring vehicle;
the tail part of the monitoring vehicle is provided with a vehicle fixing frame which is used for fixing the monitoring vehicle and can be folded and unfolded;
the radar monitoring device comprises a radar bracket arranged on the monitoring vehicle and a radar adjustably arranged on the radar bracket, and the radar can be rotationally adjusted on the radar bracket in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
the radar and the alarm are respectively in communication connection with the processor.
10. The coal mining method of an opencut coal mine in a permafrost region according to claim 9,
the steps of monitoring the slope displacement deformation of the end slope through the slope displacement monitoring equipment are as follows:
before mining operation, moving the monitoring vehicle to one side of the side slope of the end slope, enabling the radar to face the side slope of the end slope, and opening the vehicle fixing frame to fix the monitoring vehicle;
opening the radar, monitoring the displacement change of the side slope in the mining process in real time through the radar, and if the displacement change of the side slope exceeds a preset warning value, sending a warning signal through the alarm;
when the slope displacement monitoring equipment needs to be moved, the vehicle fixing frame is folded, and the monitoring vehicle is moved to a specified position.
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Application publication date: 20210518 |