CN112813960A - Method for improving expansive soil by reinforcing microorganism composite fibers - Google Patents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
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Abstract
Discloses a method for improving expansive soil by reinforcing microorganism composite fibers, which comprises the following steps: culturing the microbial strains in a fermentation tank according to the optimal culture conditions to form a microbial liquid; mixing the microbial bacteria liquid with the mixed calcium liquid with the volume of 1.5 times of the bacteria liquid, and mixing and stirring in a low-speed stirrer to form microbial slurry; adding a reinforcement material, and uniformly mixing the reinforcement material with expansive soil to form fiber reinforced expansive soil; according to the water content of 20%, mixing the microorganism slurry and the fiber reinforced expansive soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 5, mixing and stirring uniformly in a low-speed stirrer in batches, and curing at normal temperature to obtain the improved expansive soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of disposal of building materials of hydraulic engineering, geotechnical engineering or foundations, and relates to a method for improving expansive soil, in particular to a method for improving expansive soil by reinforcing with microbial composite fibers.
Background
The expansive soil is a typical unsaturated soil, the clay content in the particle composition of the expansive soil is more than 30 percent, the expansive soil mainly comprises strong hydrophilic montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and other minerals, and has the typical characteristics of water absorption, expansion and softening, water loss, shrinkage, cracking and the like. The research on the modification and reinforcement treatment of expansive soil still remains a difficult problem in the field of geotechnical engineering. The existing methods for improving expansive soil mainly comprise a physical and chemical improvement method, a soil replacement method and the like. The physical improvement method is that inorganic material (such as aeolian soil, fly ash, slag, sand gravel, cement and the like or mixture thereof) is added into the expansive soil according to a certain proportion to improve the expansion and shrinkage characteristics of the expansive soil, and the construction is complex and is greatly influenced by external conditions such as weather environment and the like. The chemical improvement method is that organic chemical grouting agent is used to inhibit the expansion and contraction deformation of expansive soil and improve the engineering property of expansive soil, and has good treatment effect, but has application limitation to water source engineering with high requirement on environmental protection and the like and high cost. The soil replacement method is more reliable for areas with thinner expansive soil layers and has higher cost for foundations with thicker expansive soil layers.
Under specific environment and nutritional conditions, certain microorganisms in rock and soil can rapidly precipitate various mineral crystals such as carbonate, phosphate, oxide, sulfide, silica bloom, extracellular polymer and the like through metabolism or degradation, and by utilizing the characteristic of promoting mineral deposition of the microorganisms, proper microorganism liquid is artificially injected into soil to cause natural cementation and blockage in interparticle pores and soil body cracks, so that the purpose of improving the properties of the soil body is achieved. At present, the relevant research of using microorganisms to solidify sandy soil exists, but the uniformity and the yield of microorganism crystals are difficult to control, and the defects of poor water stability, low strength and the like exist after solidification, so that the effect after solidification is not particularly ideal.
The above information disclosed in this section is only for background understanding of the inventive concept and, therefore, may contain information that does not constitute prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional expansive soil treatment method cannot meet the engineering requirements, and aims to provide an innovative method for improving expansive soil, so that the method for improving expansive soil by reinforcing microorganism composite fibers is reliable in effect, efficient in construction, low in cost and ecological and environment-friendly.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for improving expansive soil, which is characterized in that the expansive soil is improved by reinforcing microorganism composite fibers, comprising the steps of:
culturing the microbial strains in a fermentation tank according to the optimal culture conditions to form a microbial liquid;
mixing the microbial bacteria liquid with the mixed calcium liquid with the volume of 1.5 times of the bacteria liquid, and mixing and stirring in a low-speed stirrer to form microbial slurry;
adding a reinforcement material, and uniformly mixing the reinforcement material with expansive soil to form fiber reinforced expansive soil;
according to the water content of 20%, mixing the microorganism slurry and the fiber reinforced expansive soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 5, mixing and stirring uniformly in a low-speed stirrer in batches, and curing at normal temperature to obtain the improved expansive soil.
In a preferred embodiment, the microbial species is Bacillus pasteurii, accession No. ATCC 11859.
In a preferred embodiment, the optimal culture conditions are: 10% of inoculation ratio, a culture temperature of 30 ℃ and a culture solution environment with the pH value of 8.0, wherein the components of the culture solution are as follows: the culture solution contains yeast extract 20g, (NH) per liter4)2SO410g, 0.13M Tris buffer.
In a preferred embodiment, the components of the mixed calcium solution are urea, calcium nitrate and calcium chloride solutions, and the molar mass ratio is 2: 1: 1.
in a preferred embodiment, the microorganism slurry formed in step 3: (1) the rheological form is Newtonian fluid, and the apparent viscosity is less than 5mPa & s at 20 ℃; (2) the density is slightly larger than 1.0g/cm3(ii) a (3)7d, the unconfined compressive strength of the solidified soil body is greater than 1 MPa; (4) the unconfined compressive strength of the 28d solidified soil is more than 3MPa, and the permeability coefficient of the solidified soil is less than 5.0 multiplied by 10-5cm/s。
In a preferred embodiment, the reinforced material is a polypropylene fiber material, the length of the reinforced material is 10mm, and the mixing amount is 1%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the microbial agent and the fiber reinforced material are environment-friendly and pollution-free materials, and the method for improving the expansive soil by reinforcing the microbial composite fibers can provide a more environment-friendly and effective treatment method for the expansive soil in China.
(2) The method for improving the expansive soil by using the microbial composite fiber reinforcement ensures that the treated expansive soil has high water stability, low expansibility, higher strength, higher toughness and higher crack resistance.
(3) In the slope revetment with expansive soil distribution, by reasonable application of the microbial agent, the swelling shrinkage and landslide hazards of the slope can be reduced, the slope revetment with certain porosity and permeability is constructed, an ecological slope protection technology based on expansive soil treatment is formed, and a new treatment idea can be provided for ecological slope revetment.
(4) Compared with the traditional expansive soil treatment method, the method for improving the expansive soil by using the microbial composite fiber reinforcement has the advantages of low construction cost and simple and feasible construction process, and can be widely applied to the fields of geotechnical and hydraulic engineering such as roadbeds, foundations, embankments, side slopes and the like.
Drawings
Some example embodiments of the invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; this invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the drawings illustrate some example embodiments of the invention, together with the description, and serve to explain the principles and aspects of the invention.
In the drawings, the size may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for improving expansive soil using microbial composite fiber reinforcement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a free expansion rate test graph of the expansive soil after being modified by the reinforcement of the microbial composite fibers according to the invention under different curing days.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an expansion rate test of an expansive soil modified by reinforcing with microbial composite fibers under a load of 50kPa according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an SEM microscopic analysis view of the microorganism composite fiber reinforced solidified expansive soil.
Detailed Description
In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown and described, simply by way of illustration.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for improving expansive soil using microbial composite fiber reinforcement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for solidifying expansive soil according to the present invention comprises:
s1: digging out the expansive soil to be improved, airing, vibrating and sieving;
s2: culturing microorganism strain (such as Bacillus pasteurianus, number ATCC 11859) in fermenter for 24 hr under optimum culture conditions: 10% of inoculation ratio, a culture temperature of 30 ℃ and a culture solution environment with the pH value of 8.0, wherein the components of the culture solution are as follows: each L of the culture solution contained 20g of yeast extract, (NH4)2SO410g, 0.13M Tris buffer;
s3: mixing the microbial strain liquid with a mixed calcium liquid (the ratio of urea to calcium nitrate to calcium chloride is 1: 2: 1) with the volume of 1.5 times of the bacterial liquid, and mixing and stirring for 2-3 min in a low-speed stirrer to form microbial slurry;
s4: adding polypropylene fiber materials according to the mixing amount of 1% and the length of 10mm, and uniformly mixing the polypropylene fiber materials with expansive soil to form fiber reinforced expansive soil;
s5: according to the water content of 20%, mixing the microorganism mixed solution and the fiber reinforced expansive soil according to the proportion of 1: 5, mixing and stirring uniformly in a low-speed stirrer in batches, and curing at normal temperature for 12-24 hours to obtain improved expansive soil;
s6: after the improved expansive soil is discharged to a construction site, uniformly and flatly paving the construction surface through a machine, wherein the paving thickness is 20-30 cm, and forming a layer of filling layer;
s7: after the moisture content of the expansive soil is detected to reach the optimal moisture content, rolling and leveling the filling layer;
s8: and (5) after the compaction degree of each layer of filling layer is detected to reach the required compaction degree, paving the next layer of filling layer.
S9: and repeating S7-8 until the expansive soil is changed and filled.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the microbial method is characterized in that the soil body is improved and reinforced by metabolizing an intermediate product calcium carbonate by microorganisms, the principle is that the microorganisms decompose urease, the urease can hydrolyze urea to generate carbonate ions, meanwhile, organic matters with negative charges at the interface of microbial bacterial cell membranes continuously adsorb calcium ions with positive charges, and the carbonate ions and the calcium ions deposit calcium carbonate. The polypropylene fiber has good mechanical strength, acid-base salt resistance, good water resistance, certain elongation and good compatibility with soil. The polypropylene fibers are uniformly scattered into the expansive soil, and the fibers are mutually overlapped to form a space network skeleton structure, so that sufficient nucleation conditions are provided for the deposition of the microorganism-induced calcium carbonate, and the deposition efficiency and the yield of the microorganism-induced calcium carbonate are improved. And because microorganisms are propagated in the expansive soil in a large quantity, metabolites of the microorganisms are filled in the lattice structures of the fibers and the soil body, so that the purposes of reducing the expansion and contraction of the expansive soil and improving the shear strength of the soil body can be achieved. Meanwhile, the active adhesion of the microbial cells can also reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the soil, reduce the permeability of the soil body and play an effective role in moisturizing and seepage-proofing the improvement of the expansive soil. The method for improving the expansive soil by the microorganism composite fiber reinforcement fully utilizes the characteristics of microorganisms and polypropylene fibers, and a series of biochemical reaction processes are generated by interaction, so that the aims of improving the expansion and shrinkage properties of the expansive soil and improving the strength of the expansive soil are finally fulfilled. The bacterial liquid concentration, the bacterial liquid activity and the bacterial liquid monomer activity are used as evaluation indexes, and the proper bacterial liquid concentration, the proper proportion of nutrient solution and calcium source, the proper fiber length and the proper mixing amount are recommended so as to achieve the purposes of improving the swelling and shrinking properties of the expansive soil and improving the strength of the expansive soil. The pH value of the nutrient solution is 8.0, the culture temperature is 30 ℃, the inoculation ratio is 10 percent, the optimal culture environment of the microorganism is used, the volume of the calcium solution (the molar concentration of the calcium solution is 0.4mol/L) is 1.5 times of the volume of the bacterial solution (the OD600 value of the bacterial solution is between 1.5 and 2), and the optimal proportion of the microorganism slurry is obtained by curing at the temperature of 30 ℃. Adding polypropylene fiber material according to the mixing amount of 1% and the length of 10 mm.
In order to achieve sufficient homogeneity and improvement, it is desirable that the calcium carbonate produced by the microorganisms be sufficiently abundant and uniformly distributed. The fiber powder and the expansive soil are uniformly stirred, the microorganism slurry is added, calcium carbonate is generated under the metabolism action of microorganisms per se, gaps among the expansive soil are filled, and the calcium carbonate and the fiber powder are bonded together to form a soil body with certain strength, so that the aim of improving the expansive soil is fulfilled, the compressive strength of a solidified soil body 28d after general improvement can reach more than 3MPa, and the permeability coefficient is less than 5.0 multiplied by 10-5cm/s or less.
The invention comprises the proportion of microbial slurry and fiber reinforced material and the corresponding construction method:
typical characteristics of microbial slurry materials include the following: the rheological form of the slurry is Newtonian fluid, and the apparent viscosity is less than 5mPa.s at 20 ℃; ② the density is slightly larger than 1.0g/cm3(ii) a ③ 7d the unconfined compressive strength of the solidified soil body is more than 1 MPa; fourthly, the unconfined compressive strength of the solidified soil body of 28d is more than 3MPa, and the permeability coefficient of the solidified soil body is less than 5.0 multiplied by 10-5cm/s。
The proportioning and the manufacturing process of the microbial slurry and the fiber reinforced material are as follows: (1) mixing microorganism strains (such as Bacillus pasteurii, knitting)No. ATCC 11859) was cultured in the culture medium for 24 hours under the optimum culture conditions to form a microbial broth, the optimum culture conditions: 10% of inoculation ratio, a culture temperature of 30 ℃ and a culture solution environment with the pH value of 8.0, wherein the components of the culture solution are as follows: each L of the culture solution contains yeast extract 20g, (NH)4)2SO410g, 0.13M Tris buffer; (2) adding mixed calcium solution with the volume of 1.5 times of bacterial solution (the ratio of urea to calcium nitrate to calcium chloride solution is 1: 2: 1), and curing at a proper temperature, (3) mixing and stirring the mixed microorganism solution in a low-speed stirrer for 2-3 min to form microorganism slurry, (4) adding polypropylene fiber material with the mixing amount of 1% and the length of 10mm, and uniformly mixing the polypropylene fiber material with expansive soil to form fiber-reinforced expansive soil, (5) mixing and stirring the microorganism slurry and the fiber-reinforced expansive soil sample in the low-speed stirrer according to the weight ratio of 1: 5 according to the water content of 20%, and curing at normal temperature for 12-24 hours to obtain the improved expansive soil.
According to the invention, the polypropylene fiber material and the expansive soil are uniformly mixed, the microbial mixed solution is added for mechanical stirring, and the mixture can be spread after being maintained for 12-24 hours. The physical and mechanical property indexes of the improved expansive soil are obviously improved, and the indexes are determined as follows: after the medium expansive soil is improved, the free expansion rate is 26.0-30.0%; the unconfined compressive strength is more than 3 MPa. Can be used as filling materials for roads, foundations, ecological revetments and the like, and has great economic benefit and environmental benefit.
FIG. 2 is a free expansion rate test graph of the expansive soil after being modified by the reinforcement of the microbial composite fibers according to the invention under different curing days. As shown in FIG. 2, the expansive soil before modification had a free expansion rate of 50%, and the expansive soil after modification had a free expansion rate gradually decreased with the increase of curing days, and became stable after 7 days, and the free expansion rate was 30%, and was lower than 40% and could be used as it is in the construction.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an expansion rate test of an expansive soil modified by reinforcing with microbial composite fibers under a load of 50kPa according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the swelling ratio of the swelling soil before modification under a load of 50kPa was 0.167, and the swelling ratio of the swelling soil after modification gradually decreased with the increase of the number of curing days, stabilized after 7 days, and was 0.033, which was 80% lower than the swelling ratio of the swelling soil before modification, which was 0.167.
FIG. 4 is an SEM microscopic analysis view of the microorganism composite fiber reinforced solidified expansive soil. As can be seen from figure 4, a large number of scale-shaped crystals are formed on the surface of the soil body, so that the cementation among the particles is realized, the pores among the aggregates are filled, and the cohesive force among the particles is increased.
According to the method for improving the expansive soil, the expansive soil is improved by reinforcing the microbial composite fibers, so that the improvement index required by engineering is achieved.
The method can provide a more environment-friendly and effective treatment method for the treatment of the expansive soil in China, carries out the treatment of improving the expansive soil by microorganisms on the slope revetment in which the expansive soil is distributed, reduces the swelling shrinkage and landslide hazard of the slope through the reasonable application of the microorganism composite fiber reinforcement, constructs the slope revetment with certain porosity and permeability, forms an ecological slope protection technology based on the treatment of the expansive soil, and can provide a new treatment idea for the ecological slope revetment.
Finally, it should be noted that the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive, and that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving expansive soil by reinforcing microorganism composite fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
culturing the microbial strains in a fermentation tank according to the optimal culture conditions to form a microbial liquid;
mixing the microbial bacteria liquid with the mixed calcium liquid with the volume of 1.5 times of the bacteria liquid, and mixing and stirring the mixture in a low-speed stirrer to form microbial slurry;
adding a reinforcement material, and uniformly mixing the reinforcement material with expansive soil to form fiber reinforced expansive soil;
according to the water content of 20%, mixing the microorganism slurry and the fiber reinforced expansive soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 5, mixing and stirring uniformly in a low-speed stirrer in batches, and curing at normal temperature to obtain the improved expansive soil.
2. The method of improving bentonite as claimed in claim 1, wherein said microorganism is Bacillus pasteurianus, accession No. ATCC 11859.
3. The method of improving swelled ground claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal culture conditions are: 10% of inoculation ratio, a culture temperature of 30 ℃ and a culture solution environment with the pH value of 8.0, wherein the components of the culture solution are as follows: the culture solution contains yeast extract 20g, (NH) per liter4)2SO410g, 0.13M Tris buffer.
4. The method for improving expansive soil according to claim 1, wherein the mixed calcium solution comprises urea, calcium nitrate and calcium chloride solutions, and the molar mass ratio of the mixed calcium solution is 2: 1: 1.
5. the method for improving bentonite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microorganism slurry formed in S3: (1) the rheological form is Newtonian fluid, and the apparent viscosity is less than 5mPa & s at 20 ℃; (2) the density is slightly larger than 1.0g/cm3(ii) a (3)7d, the unconfined compressive strength of the solidified soil body is greater than 1 MPa; (4) the unconfined compressive strength of the 28d solidified soil is more than 3MPa, and the permeability coefficient of the solidified soil is less than 5.0 multiplied by 10-5cm/s。
6. The method for improving expansive soil according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcement material is polypropylene fiber material with a length of 10mm and a mixing amount of 1%.
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CN116081983A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-05-09 | 西京学院 | Basalt fiber reinforced aeolian sand based on MICP technology and preparation method thereof |
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CN116081983A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-05-09 | 西京学院 | Basalt fiber reinforced aeolian sand based on MICP technology and preparation method thereof |
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