CN112813363A - Bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001149 41xx steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of bearing manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing manufacturing, in particular to bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
It is known that a bearing is a support of a mechanical transmission shaft, is a key basic component in the field of equipment manufacturing, is an important guarantee for realizing the performance, function and efficiency of a main machine, and is one of core components of important equipment in the industrial field.
In recent years, with the annual increase of the power of a new wind power installation machine, 3MW in 2010 is increased to 8MW in 2020, and by means of the characteristics of the stability of sea wind resources and large power generation capacity, offshore wind power is rapidly developed all over the world in recent years, the capacity of the newly added fan commonly reaches 6-8 MW at present, and the installation distance reaches dozens of kilometers from a coastline. The goal of the industry was to use 15MW to 20MW fans by 2030. Therefore, the size of the offshore yawing and variable-pitch wind power bearing is much larger than that of a conventional wind power bearing, and the requirements on the hardness (more than or equal to 58 HRC) and the depth of a hardening layer (the finished product is more than or equal to 7 mm) are also very high, so that the hardenability (the hardness can only meet more than or equal to 56 HRC) and the hardenability (the depth of the hardening layer can only ensure that the finished product is more than or equal to 5 mm) of the 42CrMo steel used in the traditional yawing and variable-pitch wind power bearing ring are difficult to meet the technical requirements of the offshore wind power bearing, and therefore, the bearing steel for the wind power yawing and variable-pitch wind power bearing and the preparation method thereof need to be developed, and the bearing steel is used for meeting the requirements that the surface hardness.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention provides the bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass:
C 0.45%～0.55%；
Si 0.18%～0.35%；
Mn 0.90%～1.10%；
Cr 0.95%～1.20%；
Mo 0.20%～0.35%；
V 0.02%～0.06%；
Ni 0.12%～0.25%；
Al 0.02%～0.035%；
Cu 0.02%～0.03%；
P 0.002%～0.011%；
S 0.004%～0.015%；
Ti 0.0025%～0.003%；
H 0.00007%～0.0001%；
O 0.001%～0.0015%；
the balance being Fe.
The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing is characterized in that P, S, O is a harmful element in the material, and the content of P, S, O in the bearing steel is preferably the minimum value.
The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing is characterized in that the C is used for improving the strength and hardness of the steel.
The bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing is characterized in that Si is used for increasing hardenability and improving strength and hardness of the steel.
The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing is characterized in that Mn is used for increasing hardenability and improving impact resistance.
The Cr is used for increasing corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance and increasing hardenability.
The bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing is characterized in that Mo is used for increasing hardenability, refining crystal grains, improving wear resistance and reducing tempering brittleness.
The bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing is characterized in that the V is used for refining crystal grains and improving tempering stability.
A preparation method of bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing comprises the following specific steps:
first step, material control:
the steel ladle and the continuous casting tundish are made of refractory materials, alloy materials, deoxidizing agents and synthetic slag materials;
step two, primary smelting:
blowing oxygen for decarburization, and improving the carbon content at the end point of primary refining, wherein the carbon content at the end point is 0.06-0.2%, P is less than or equal to 0.008%, the residual element Cu is less than or equal to 0.2%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.0040%, and the tapping temperature is 1620-1660 ℃;
step three, refining:
fully stirring molten steel by soft argon blowing, refining slag, alloying, adding alloy according to the chemical component inspection result of the primary sample, finely adjusting the components until the specified requirements are met, and tapping at the temperature of 1640-1670 ℃;
step four, vacuum degassing:
the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the vacuum degree maintaining time is 15-60 min; the end point H is less than or equal to 0.0002 percent; blowing argon and stirring, wherein the soft blowing time is more than or equal to 15-30 min;
step five, continuous casting:
and carrying out argon protection on the steel ladle to the tundish and the tundish to the crystallizer in the whole process, then cooling and electromagnetically stirring, wherein the pulling speed is 0.32-0.43 m/min, the superheat degree of molten steel in the tundish is 25-50 ℃, and slowly cooling.
According to the preparation method of the bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing, in the third step, the soft blowing time is 8-30 min when the molten steel is fully stirred by soft argon blowing.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the bearing steel disclosed by the invention is alloyed by C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, V and other elements together, has the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance, high hardenability, high impact toughness and the like, can adapt to severe working conditions of high wind speed and large impact, has high hardness, good wear resistance and a deep hardening layer compared with the traditional 42CrMo material, can meet increasingly severe technical requirements of the wind power industry, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of end quench testing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of end quenching of a new material with different formulations and a conventional 42 CrMo.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention;
the invention relates to bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing, which is shown in the attached drawings 1-3, and comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass:
C 0.45%～0.55%；
Si 0.18%～0.35%；
Mn 0.90%～1.10%；
Cr 0.95%～1.20%；
Mo 0.20%～0.35%；
V 0.02%～0.06%；
Ni 0.12%～0.25%；
Al 0.02%～0.035%；
Cu 0.02%～0.03%；
P 0.002%～0.011%；
S 0.004%～0.015%；
Ti 0.0025%～0.003%；
H 0.00007%～0.0001%；
O 0.001%～0.0015%；
the balance being Fe.
Wherein P, S, O is a harmful element in the material, P, S, O preferably has a minimum content (i.e. a lower limit value) in the bearing steel.
Further, the C serves to improve the strength and hardness of the steel.
Further, the Si serves to increase hardenability, and to improve strength and hardness of the steel.
Further, the Mn is used to increase hardenability and improve impact resistance.
Further, the Cr is used for increasing corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance and increasing hardenability.
Further, the Mo is used for increasing hardenability, refining crystal grains, improving wear resistance and reducing temper brittleness.
Further, the V is used for refining grains and improving tempering stability.
A preparation method of bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing comprises the following specific steps:
first step, material control:
the steel ladle and the continuous casting tundish are made of refractory materials, alloy materials, deoxidizing agents and synthetic slag materials;
step two, primary smelting:
blowing oxygen for decarburization, and improving the carbon content at the end point of primary refining, wherein the carbon content at the end point is 0.06-0.2%, P is less than or equal to 0.008%, the residual element Cu is less than or equal to 0.2%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.0040%, and the tapping temperature is 1620-1660 ℃;
step three, refining:
fully stirring the molten steel by soft argon blowing, wherein in the specific implementation, the soft argon blowing time is 8-30 min when the molten steel is fully stirred by the soft argon blowing, wherein the preferable time is 8min, refining slag is produced, alloying is carried out, according to the chemical component inspection result of a first sample, the alloy is added, the components are finely adjusted until the specified requirements are met, and the tapping temperature is 1640-1670 ℃;
step four, vacuum degassing:
the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the vacuum degree maintaining time is 15-60 min; the end point H is less than or equal to 0.0002 percent; blowing argon and stirring, wherein the soft blowing time is more than or equal to 15-30 min;
step five, continuous casting:
and carrying out argon protection on the steel ladle to the tundish and the tundish to the crystallizer in the whole process, then cooling and electromagnetically stirring, wherein the pulling speed is 0.32-0.43 m/min, the superheat degree of molten steel in the tundish is 25-50 ℃, and slowly cooling.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the formula comprises the following components:
special bearing steel smelting component
| Number plate | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | V | Ni | Al | Cu | P | S | Ti | H | O | Fe |
| Formulation I | 0.50 | 0.35 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.0025 | 0.00007 | 0.001 | Balance of |
| Formulation II | 0.55 | 0.24 | 1.01 | 1.2 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.0027 | 0.00009 | 0.0012 | Balance of |
| Formulation III | 0.45 | 0.18 | 0.9 | 0.95 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.25 | 0.035 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.015 | 0.003 | 0.0001 | 0.0015 | Balance of |
Compared with the conventional 42CrMo steel, the end quenching curve of the novel material and the conventional material 42CrMo is shown in FIG. 3.
The hardenability tests of new materials with different formulas are compared with the traditional 42CrMo, the hardenability curve is the relation between hardness and distance from a water cooling end, which are measured by a steel test piece through an end quenching test, and is also called an end quenching curve, the hardenability curve can reflect the hardenability of the materials, the test method is shown in figure 1, the detection method is shown in figure 2, and the execution standard is 'end quenching test method for the hardenability of GB/T225 steel'. The test procedure was as follows:
1) heating cylindrical samples of different materials to a certain specified temperature in an austenite region of the materials, and preserving heat for 30min according to the specification;
2) water-spraying and quenching the end face of the steel plate under specified conditions;
3) and measuring the hardness at a specified position on the longitudinal grinding plane of the sample, and determining the hardenability according to the change of the hardness value of the steel.
The end quenching curve is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the end quenching curves of different formulas of the new material are all obviously superior to 42CrMo, and the depth and hardness of a hardening layer are both obviously higher than 42CrMo, so that the technical requirements of the high-power yaw variable pitch bearing can be met.
The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments selected for the purpose of disclosing the invention, are presently considered to be suitable, it being understood, however, that the invention is intended to cover all variations and modifications of the embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a bearing steel that is used for wind-powered electricity generation driftage, becomes oar bearing which characterized by: the bearing steel comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass:
C 0.45%～0.55%；
Si 0.18%～0.35%；
Mn 0.90%～1.10%；
Cr 0.95%～1.20%；
Mo 0.20%～0.35%；
V 0.02%～0.06%；
Ni 0.12%～0.25%；
Al 0.02%～0.035%；
Cu 0.02%～0.03%；
P 0.002%～0.011%；
S 0.004%～0.015%；
Ti 0.0025%～0.003%；
H 0.00007%～0.0001%；
O 0.001%～0.0015%；
the balance being Fe.
2. The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 1, wherein: p, S, O is a harmful element in the material, and P, S, O content in the bearing steel is preferably the minimum.
3. The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the C is used for improving the strength and hardness of the steel.
4. The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the Si serves to increase hardenability and improve strength and hardness of the steel.
5. The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the Mn is used to increase hardenability and improve impact resistance.
6. The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the Cr is used for increasing corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance and increasing hardenability.
7. The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the Mo is used for increasing hardenability, refining crystal grains, improving wear resistance and reducing temper brittleness.
8. The bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the V is used for refining grains and improving tempering stability.
9. The method for preparing the bearing steel for the wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
first step, material control:
the steel ladle and the continuous casting tundish are made of refractory materials, alloy materials, deoxidizing agents and synthetic slag materials;
step two, primary smelting:
blowing oxygen for decarburization, and improving the carbon content at the end point of primary refining, wherein the carbon content at the end point is 0.06-0.2%, P is less than or equal to 0.008%, the residual element Cu is less than or equal to 0.2%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.0040%, and the tapping temperature is 1620-1660 ℃;
step three, refining:
fully stirring molten steel by soft argon blowing, refining slag, alloying, adding alloy according to the chemical component inspection result of the primary sample, finely adjusting the components until the specified requirements are met, and tapping at the temperature of 1640-1670 ℃;
step four, vacuum degassing:
the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the vacuum degree maintaining time is 15-60 min; the end point H is less than or equal to 0.0002 percent; blowing argon and stirring, wherein the soft blowing time is more than or equal to 15-30 min;
step five, continuous casting:
and carrying out argon protection on the steel ladle to the tundish and the tundish to the crystallizer in the whole process, then cooling and electromagnetically stirring, wherein the pulling speed is 0.32-0.43 m/min, the superheat degree of molten steel in the tundish is 25-50 ℃, and slowly cooling.
10. The method for preparing bearing steel for wind power yaw and pitch bearing according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, the soft blowing time is 8-30 min when the molten steel is fully stirred by soft argon blowing.
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