CN112813319A - Preparation method of aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing ultrahigh-strength rivet - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing ultrahigh-strength rivet Download PDFInfo
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- CN112813319A CN112813319A CN202011595111.3A CN202011595111A CN112813319A CN 112813319 A CN112813319 A CN 112813319A CN 202011595111 A CN202011595111 A CN 202011595111A CN 112813319 A CN112813319 A CN 112813319A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing an ultrahigh-strength rivet, relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing a rivet, and aims to solve the problems of low tensile strength, low elongation after fracture and low shear strength of the conventional aluminum alloy wire. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, smelting an aluminum alloy ingot; secondly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot; thirdly, sawing and cutting an aluminum alloy ingot; fourthly, homogenizing annealing; fifthly, removing the oxide film on the surface of the short cast ingot; sixthly, preheating an aluminum alloy extrusion blank ingot; seventhly, extruding under the conditions that the extrusion temperature is 390-430 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 30-60 mm/min; eighthly, intermediate annealing of the wire blank; and ninthly, performing cold drawing by a drawing and sizing die under the condition that the deformation rate is 25-30%. The aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method is a wire in an H13 state, the requirement of high strength performance is met, and the actual size and the surface quality of the wire obtained by the method are excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing rivets.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of corrosion resistance, low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high fracture toughness, high fatigue strength and the like, and has positive promotion effects on increasing the structural stability and reducing the overall weight of the structural material. Therefore, the aluminum alloy is widely applied to the important national defense military and civil fields of aviation, aerospace, armor, tanks, ships, rail traffic, power electronics, automobiles, buildings and the like.
At present, the ultrahigh strength aluminum alloy rivet is needed to be used for connecting product structural members in the aviation field in China. The performance requirement of the aluminum alloy wire for preparing the rivet is that the tensile strength of H13 state is not less than 235 MPa. After solution quenching and overaging heat treatment, the tensile strength is not less than 490MPa, the specified non-proportional elongation is not less than 410MPa, the elongation after fracture is not less than 10%, and the shear strength is not less than 280 MPa. Various aluminum alloy wires produced by the prior art can not meet the application requirements of the rivet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing an ultrahigh-strength rivet, aiming at solving the problems of low tensile strength, elongation after fracture and shear strength of the existing aluminum alloy wire.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultrahigh-strength rivet is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, smelting an aluminum alloy ingot: zinc in percentage by mass: 5.8% -6.7%, magnesium: 2.0% -2.5%, copper: 2.0% -2.6%, zirconium: 0.08% -0.14%, silicon: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, iron: less than or equal to 0.12 percent, manganese: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, chromium: not more than 0.03% (manganese and chromium are introduced from aluminum ingot and other raw materials, are impurity elements and are non-alloy strengthening beneficial element components), titanium: weighing aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, electrolytic copper, AlCu40 intermediate alloy, AlZr3 intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron wire grain refiner which are less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of aluminum as raw materials, adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 710-770 ℃, smelting and heating for 2.5-5.5 hours, and refining for not less than 10 minutes by using argon before casting to obtain aluminum liquid before aluminum alloy casting;
secondly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot: casting the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one under the conditions that the casting temperature is 720-735 ℃, the casting speed is 60-90 mm/min, the casting water pressure is 0.04-0.07 MPa, and the cooling water temperature is 20-45 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 168-178 mm;
thirdly, sawing and machining the aluminum alloy cast ingot: sawing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step two by using a sawing machine to obtain a short ingot with the length of 510 mm-560 mm;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing of the aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the short ingot obtained in the step three into a resistance type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 450-470 ℃ to obtain a uniformly annealed short ingot;
fifthly, machining of aluminum alloy cast ingots: removing the oxide film on the surface of the homogenized and annealed short cast ingot by using a lathe, and machining to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot with the diameter of 159-165 mm;
sixthly, preheating an aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot into a push type resistance heating furnace, and preserving heat for 2.5-3.5 hours at the temperature of 390-430 ℃ to obtain a preheated aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot;
seventhly, preparing a wire blank in an extrusion mode: placing the preheated aluminum alloy extrusion blank cast ingot into an extrusion cylinder, and extruding at the extrusion temperature of 390-430 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 30-60 mm/min to obtain an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 10.5-11.5 mm;
eighthly, intermediate annealing of the wire blank: placing the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step seven into a resistance type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 2-3.5 hours at the temperature of 375-430 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy wire blank;
ninthly, stretching and sizing: and (3) carrying out cold drawing on the annealed aluminum alloy wire blank through a drawing and sizing die under the condition that the deformation rate is 25-30% to obtain the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultrahigh-strength rivet.
The aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method is a wire in an H13 state, the requirement of high strength performance is met, and the wire obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is excellent in actual size and surface quality. Taking mechanical property, shearing property and riveting property samples of the aluminum alloy wire in the H13 state obtained in the ninth step, carrying out solution quenching (namely 471-482 ℃ and heat preservation for 50-80 min) and overaging treatment (namely 118-124 ℃ and heat preservation for not less than 4 hours and then turning 177-182 ℃ and preserving heat for not less than 8 hours) on the aluminum alloy wire in the YS/T591 'deformed aluminum and aluminum alloy heat treatment' standard to obtain a wire sample for detecting the mechanical property, the shearing property and the riveting property in the T73 state, and carrying out test detection by using GB/T16865 'sample and method for tensile test of a processed product of deformed aluminum, magnesium and alloy thereof' and GB/T3250 'method for shearing test of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivet lines and riveting test method', wherein the tensile strength of the wire in the H13 state is not less than 245MPa, and the tensile strength of the wire in the T73 state is not less than 495MPa, the non-proportional elongation strength is not less than 415MPa, the elongation after fracture is not less than 11%, and the shear strength is not less than 290 MPa. The invention can be widely applied to the processing and manufacturing of the aluminum alloy rivet in the environment needing high strength and high corrosion resistance.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultrahigh-strength rivet is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, smelting an aluminum alloy ingot: zinc in percentage by mass: 5.8% -6.7%, magnesium: 2.0% -2.5%, copper: 2.0% -2.6%, zirconium: 0.08% -0.14%, silicon: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, iron: less than or equal to 0.12 percent, manganese: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, chromium: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, titanium: weighing aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, electrolytic copper, AlCu40 intermediate alloy, AlZr3 intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron wire grain refiner which are less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of aluminum as raw materials, adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 710-770 ℃, smelting and heating for 2.5-5.5 hours, and refining for not less than 10 minutes by using argon before casting to obtain aluminum liquid before aluminum alloy casting;
secondly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot: casting the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one under the conditions that the casting temperature is 720-735 ℃, the casting speed is 60-90 mm/min, the casting water pressure is 0.04-0.07 MPa, and the cooling water temperature is 20-45 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 168-178 mm;
thirdly, sawing and machining the aluminum alloy cast ingot: sawing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step two by using a sawing machine to obtain a short ingot with the length of 510 mm-560 mm;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing of the aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the short ingot obtained in the step three into a resistance type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 450-470 ℃ to obtain a uniformly annealed short ingot;
fifthly, machining of aluminum alloy cast ingots: removing the oxide film on the surface of the homogenized and annealed short cast ingot by using a lathe, and machining to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot with the diameter of 159-165 mm;
sixthly, preheating an aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot into a push type resistance heating furnace, and preserving heat for 2.5-3.5 hours at the temperature of 390-430 ℃ to obtain a preheated aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot;
seventhly, preparing a wire blank in an extrusion mode: placing the preheated aluminum alloy extrusion blank cast ingot into an extrusion cylinder, and extruding at the extrusion temperature of 390-430 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 30-60 mm/min to obtain an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 10.5-11.5 mm;
eighthly, intermediate annealing of the wire blank: placing the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step seven into a resistance type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 2-3.5 hours at the temperature of 375-430 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy wire blank;
ninthly, stretching and sizing: and (3) carrying out cold drawing on the annealed aluminum alloy wire blank through a drawing and sizing die under the condition that the deformation rate is 25-30% to obtain the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultrahigh-strength rivet.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the zinc in the first step is zinc by mass percent: 6.0% -6.4%, magnesium: 2.2% -2.5%, copper: 2.0% -2.3%, zirconium: 0.10% -0.12%, silicon: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, iron: less than or equal to 0.12 percent, manganese: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, chromium: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, titanium: aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, electrolytic copper, AlCu40 intermediate alloy, AlZr3 intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron wire grain refiner are weighed to be less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of aluminum is used as raw materials.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the smelting temperature in the first step is controlled to be 730-750 ℃, and the smelting heating time is 3-5 hours.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to third embodiments in that in the first step, refining is performed for 25 to 35 minutes using argon gas before casting.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the first to fourth embodiments in that casting is performed under the conditions of a casting temperature of 725 ℃, a casting speed of 75mm/min, a casting water pressure of 0.06MPa, and a cooling water temperature of 35 ℃ in the second step.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first to the fifth embodiment is that the temperature is maintained at 460 ℃ for 45-50 hours in the fourth step.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is that in the seventh step, the extrusion is performed at an extrusion temperature of 400 to 420 ℃ and an extrusion speed of 50 mm/min.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and the first to seventh embodiments is that in the eighth step, the temperature is maintained at 405 ℃ for 2-3.5 hours.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that in the ninth step, the annealed aluminum alloy wire blank is cold-drawn by a drawing and sizing die under the condition that the deformation rate is 26% to 28%.
Example (b): the preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultrahigh-strength rivet is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, smelting an aluminum alloy ingot: zinc in percentage by mass: 6.2%, magnesium: 2.4%, copper: 2.1%, zirconium: 0.11%, silicon: less than or equal to 0.06%, iron: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, manganese: less than or equal to 0.05%, chromium: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, titanium: weighing and remelting refined aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, electrolytic copper, AlCu40 intermediate alloy, AlZr3 intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron wire grain refiner serving as raw materials, wherein the mass percent of the refined aluminum ingots, the pure magnesium ingots, the pure zinc ingots, the electrolytic copper, the AlCu40 intermediate alloy, the AlZr3 intermediate alloy and the aluminum-titanium-boron wire grain refiner are less than or equal to 0.03%, the weighed raw materials are added into a smelting furnace, the smelting temperature is controlled to be 740 ℃, the smelting heating time is 4 hours, and refining is carried out for 25 minutes by using;
secondly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot: casting the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one at the casting temperature of 725 ℃, the casting speed of 75mm/min, the casting water pressure of 0.06MPa and the cooling water temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 172 mm;
thirdly, sawing and machining the aluminum alloy cast ingot: sawing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step two by using a sawing machine to obtain a short ingot with the length of 550 mm;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing of the aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the short ingot obtained in the step three into a resistance-type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 48 hours at the temperature of 460 ℃ to obtain a uniformly annealed short ingot;
fifthly, machining of aluminum alloy cast ingots: removing the oxide film on the surface of the homogenized and annealed short cast ingot by using a lathe, and machining to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot with the diameter of 162 mm;
sixthly, preheating an aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot into a push type resistance heating furnace, and preserving heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ to obtain a preheated aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot;
seventhly, preparing a wire blank in an extrusion mode: putting the preheated aluminum alloy extrusion blank cast ingot into an extrusion cylinder, and extruding at the extrusion temperature of 415 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 50mm/min to obtain an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 11 mm;
eighthly, intermediate annealing of the wire blank: putting the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step seven into a resistance type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 405 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy wire blank;
ninthly, stretching and sizing: and (3) carrying out cold drawing on the annealed aluminum alloy wire blank through a drawing and sizing die under the condition that the deformation rate is 28% to obtain the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultrahigh-strength rivet.
The aluminum alloy wire rod prepared by the embodiment is a wire rod in an H13 state, the requirement of high strength performance is met, and the actual size and the surface quality of the wire rod obtained by the preparation method are excellent. The aluminum alloy wire in the H13 state is subjected to solution quenching and overaging treatment to obtain a wire in the T73 state, and through test detection of GB/T16865 sample and method for tensile test of wrought aluminum, magnesium and alloy processing products thereof and GB/T3250 method for shear test method and rivet test method of aluminum and aluminum alloy rivet wires and rivet wires, the tensile strength of the wire in the H13 state reaches 251MPa, the tensile strength of the wire in the T73 state reaches 499MPa, the specified nonproportional elongation strength reaches 423MPa, the elongation after fracture reaches 11.3%, and the shear strength reaches 294 MPa. The invention can be widely applied to the processing and manufacturing of the aluminum alloy rivet in the environment needing high strength and high corrosion resistance.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultra-high strength rivet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, smelting an aluminum alloy ingot: zinc in percentage by mass: 5.8% -6.7%, magnesium: 2.0% -2.5%, copper: 2.0% -2.6%, zirconium: 0.08% -0.14%, silicon: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, iron: less than or equal to 0.12 percent, manganese: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, chromium: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, titanium: weighing aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, electrolytic copper, AlCu40 intermediate alloy, AlZr3 intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron wire grain refiner which are less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of aluminum as raw materials, adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, controlling the smelting temperature to be 710-770 ℃, smelting and heating for 2.5-5.5 hours, and refining for not less than 10 minutes by using argon before casting to obtain aluminum liquid before aluminum alloy casting;
secondly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot: casting the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one under the conditions that the casting temperature is 720-735 ℃, the casting speed is 60-90 mm/min, the casting water pressure is 0.04-0.07 MPa, and the cooling water temperature is 20-45 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 168-178 mm;
thirdly, sawing and machining the aluminum alloy cast ingot: sawing the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step two by using a sawing machine to obtain a short ingot with the length of 510 mm-560 mm;
fourthly, homogenizing annealing of the aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the short ingot obtained in the step three into a resistance type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 450-470 ℃ to obtain a uniformly annealed short ingot;
fifthly, machining of aluminum alloy cast ingots: removing the oxide film on the surface of the homogenized and annealed short cast ingot by using a lathe, and machining to obtain an aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot with the diameter of 159-165 mm;
sixthly, preheating an aluminum alloy cast ingot: putting the aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot into a push type resistance heating furnace, and preserving heat for 2.5-3.5 hours at the temperature of 390-430 ℃ to obtain a preheated aluminum alloy extruded blank cast ingot;
seventhly, preparing a wire blank in an extrusion mode: placing the preheated aluminum alloy extrusion blank cast ingot into an extrusion cylinder, and extruding at the extrusion temperature of 390-430 ℃ and the extrusion speed of 30-60 mm/min to obtain an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 10.5-11.5 mm;
eighthly, intermediate annealing of the wire blank: placing the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step seven into a resistance type heating furnace, and preserving heat for 2-3.5 hours at the temperature of 375-430 ℃ to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy wire blank;
ninthly, stretching and sizing: and (3) carrying out cold drawing on the annealed aluminum alloy wire blank through a drawing and sizing die under the condition that the deformation rate is 25-30% to obtain the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultrahigh-strength rivet.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultra-high strength rivet according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultra-high strength rivet is prepared in the step one by mass percent of zinc: 6.0% -6.4%, magnesium: 2.2% -2.5%, copper: 2.0% -2.3%, zirconium: 0.10% -0.12%, silicon: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, iron: less than or equal to 0.12 percent, manganese: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, chromium: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, titanium: aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots, electrolytic copper, AlCu40 intermediate alloy, AlZr3 intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium-boron wire grain refiner are weighed to be less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the balance of aluminum is used as raw materials.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultra-high strength rivet according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the melting temperature is controlled to be 730-750 ℃, and the melting heating time is 3-5 hours.
4. The method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wire rod for manufacturing an ultra-high strength rivet according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, refining is performed for 25 to 35 minutes using argon gas before casting.
5. The method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy wire for ultra high strength rivet manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the casting is performed under the conditions of a casting temperature of 725 ℃, a casting speed of 75mm/min, a casting water pressure of 0.06MPa, and a cooling water temperature of 35 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultra-high strength rivet according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is maintained at 460 ℃ for 45-50 hours in the fourth step.
7. The method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing an ultra-high strength rivet according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion is performed at an extrusion temperature of 400 to 420 ℃ and an extrusion speed of 50mm/min in step seven.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wire for manufacturing the ultra-high strength rivet according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is maintained at 405 ℃ for 2-3.5 hours in the step eight.
9. The method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy wire rod for manufacturing an ultra-high strength rivet according to claim 1, wherein the annealed aluminum alloy wire blank is cold-drawn by a drawing sizing die under a condition that the deformation rate is 26% to 28% in the ninth step.
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Application publication date: 20210518 |