CN112810268B - Sound-absorbing textile composite material - Google Patents

Sound-absorbing textile composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112810268B
CN112810268B CN201911118425.1A CN201911118425A CN112810268B CN 112810268 B CN112810268 B CN 112810268B CN 201911118425 A CN201911118425 A CN 201911118425A CN 112810268 B CN112810268 B CN 112810268B
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fibers
textile composite
sound absorbing
absorbing textile
open
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CN112810268A (en
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张伟
A·魏克
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R2013/0287—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners integrating other functions or accessories

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a composition with a flow resistance of 250Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 Is described, in particular a composite nonwoven fabric, comprising: a) A first open-cell carrier layer comprising, as skeletal fibers, coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex and fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex; b) A microporous flow layer disposed on the first open cell carrier layer, the flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 microns; c) A second open-cell carrier layer comprising coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex and fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex as backbone fibers, wherein the second open-cell carrier layer is arranged on the side of the microporous flow layer facing away from the first open-cell carrier layer; and d) an additional microporous flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a diameter of less than 10 micrometers, wherein the additional microporous flow layer is arranged on a side of the second open carrier layer facing away from the additional microporous flow layer.

Description

Sound-absorbing textile composite material
Technical Field
The application relates to a sound-absorbing textile composite material. The application also relates to a method for producing said textile composite material and to the use thereof as sound absorber in the automotive field.
Background
In US5298694 a method for sound absorption is described, wherein a sound-insulating nonwoven fabric is used, which nonwoven fabric comprises a microfiber component (meltblown microfibers) mixed with a crimped filled fiber component (crimped bulking fibers). The microfibers have an average fiber diameter of less than 15 microns, preferably between 5 and 10 microns, and are distributed in the crimped staple fiber nonwoven fabric in a weight ratio of 40:60 to 95:5. For this material structure, the acoustic effect is thus generated: the use of more microfibers achieves a larger internal surface area in the nonwoven fabric, thereby doubling the kinetic energy of the acoustic wave to heat. The nonwoven fabric has a disadvantage in that the air flow resistance in the individual layers cannot be adjusted or set, whereby the sound absorption properties of the sound-insulating nonwoven fabric are not optimal.
Furthermore, DE 10163576B4 discloses a barrier material for absorbing sound waves and insulating heat, which consists of two different thermoplastic matrix fibers (in the range of 0.8 to 1.7 dtex) and a thermoplastic melt fiber component (2.2 dtex). Whereby the average fiber diameter in the whole nonwoven fabric reaches 1.3dtex. Clearly, by reducing the use of binder fibers (10% of the fiber blend), a nonwoven fabric is produced that possesses good drape characteristics and also has the internal strength of the nonwoven fabric, the latter being achieved by mechanical and thermal reinforcement. It is also not possible to purposely tailor the acoustic properties of the isolation material, subject to processing. Furthermore, the sound wave absorption properties cannot be further improved by using finer short fibers, since according to the current state of the art finer fibers below 0.5dtex cannot be reliably processed on a carding machine.
EP1058618B1 describes a sound-absorbing laminate of a layer stack of an open-porous carrier layer and an open-porous second fiber layer. For open-porous support layers, a grammage of less than 2000g/m is concerned 2 Webs having a thickness of less than 50 mm, or having a density of from 16 to 32kg/m 3 An ultra light plastic foam having a thickness of at least 6 mm. The apertured second fibrous layer is made of meltblown microfibers having a fiber diameter preferably of 2 to 5 microns. And also describes 500 to 4000Ns/m 3 Is a gas flow resistance of the air conditioner. By the stacked structure of the sound absorbing film laminate, a flow layer is provided, which layer can be acoustically tuned. The disadvantage of this engagement is the fact that: the carrier layer does not show a significant acoustic dependence.
EP 3375923A1 shows a sound absorbing textile composite, in particular a nonwoven composite, comprising:
a) At least one carrier layer comprising coarse staple fibers and fine staple fibers as backbone fibers (GerUstfasen), the coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex and the fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex, more preferably 0.4dtex to 2.9dtex, especially 0.5dtex to 2.9dtex, and
b) A microporous flow layer disposed on the carrier layer, the flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 microns, wherein the acoustical textile composite has a flow resistance of 250Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 Preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 4000Ns/m 3 More preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 3000Ns/m 3 In particular 250Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 。
The sound absorbing material exhibits very good sound absorbing properties in the frequency range of 800Hz to 2000Hz, which is critical for the automotive industry. In addition, the sound absorption is easy to adjust and the material can be produced with a high compressibility and very good resilience at low grammage. For advantageous acoustic properties of the combination of fine and coarse staple fibers in the carrier layer, see EP 3375923 A1.
Disclosure of Invention
The application is based on EP 3375923A1, the object of which is to provide a sound-absorbing material which preferably exhibits improved acoustic properties in the high frequency range from, for example, 3000Hz to 10000Hz, and/or 4000Hz to 8000Hz, and/or 5000Hz to 6300 Hz.
This object is achieved by a sound absorbing textile composite material, in particular a composite nonwoven fabric, comprising:
a) A first open-porous carrier layer comprising, as skeletal fibers, coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex, and fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex, more preferably 0.4dtex to 2.9dtex, especially 0.5dtex to 2.9dtex; and
b) A microporous flow layer disposed on the first open cell carrier layer, comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 microns;
c) A second open-cell carrier layer comprising coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex as backbone fibers and fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex, more preferably 0.4dtex to 2.9dtex, especially 0.5dtex to 2.9dtex, wherein the second open-cell carrier layer is arranged on the side of the microporous flow layer facing away from the first open-cell carrier layer;
d) An additional microporous flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 microns, wherein the additional microporous flow layer is disposed on the side of the second open cell carrier layer facing away from the microporous flow layer.
Wherein the flow resistance of the sound absorbing textile composite is 250Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 Preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 4000Ns/m 3 More preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 3000Ns/m 3 In particular 250Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 。
Surprisingly, it has been found that the sound-absorbing material according to the application has better acoustic properties in the high frequency range, in particular in the range of 3000Hz to 10000Hz, than described in EP 3375923 A1. In addition, the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art can be avoided with the textile composite material according to the application. Good acoustic performance in the high frequency range is particularly advantageous for electric vehicles, as the inverter can generate high frequency noise.
The surprisingly high sound absorption coefficient is hypothesized to be due to the synergistic interaction between the fine and coarse fibers of the carrier layer in combination with the flow layer. It is hypothesized that particularly fine staple fibers with a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex, in particular 0.5dtex to 2.9dtex, and coarse staple fibers with a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex in the carrier layer can form a particularly suitable skeleton structure for sound absorption, which itself can absorb sound waves. By a suitable choice of fine and coarse staple fibers, a high compressibility and a high resilience can be imparted to the carrier layer, whereby the flow layer on the carrier layer can optimally enter into vibrations and thereby absorb sound energy particularly effectively depending on the mode of action of the "bending flexible sheet absorber".
Furthermore, the combination of an open-porous carrier layer with a microporous flow layer makes possible an easy, purposeful adjustment and variability of the acoustic properties of the textile composite. It was further found that the textile composite according to the application can be manufactured with high compressibility and good resilience, while the grammage is low. The textile composite material of a preferred embodiment of the application thus has a compressibility of from 70% to 100%, more preferably from 75% to 100%, in particular from 80% to 100%; and/or have a rebound resilience of from 70% to 100%, more preferably from 75% to 100%, especially from 80% to 100%. The textile composite material can thus be easily compressed and thus at the same time be placed well in the intended installation space, since it can be rebounded well in the installation space by good rebound. This makes it possible to fit into installation spaces with complex geometries and different thickness dimensions.
The carrier layer can in principle be a woven, knit and/or nonwoven fabric. According to the application, the support layer is preferably a nonwoven fabric according to DIN EN ISO 9092, whereby a composite nonwoven fabric is produced.
The coarse staple fibers of the carrier layer have a fiber fineness of 3dtex to 17dtex. In a preferred embodiment, the fiber fineness amounts to 3dtex to 12dtex, in particular 3dtex to 9dtex. The coarse staple fibers impart the necessary structure to the textile composite material and ensure that the textile composite material remains dimensionally stable in the installed state.
If the carrier layer is free of binder fibers, in a preferred embodiment of the application the carrier layer contains coarse staple fibers in a proportion of 10 to 90wt.%, more preferably 10 to 80wt.%, still more preferably 10 to 70wt.%, still more preferably 10 to 60wt.%, more preferably 10 to 50wt.%, especially 10 to 40wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer. If the carrier layer contains binder fibers as other fibers, the proportion of coarse staple fibers is preferably 5 to 90wt.%, more preferably 5 to 80wt.%, more preferably 5 to 70wt.%, still more preferably 5 to 60wt.%, still more preferably 5 to 50wt.%, still more preferably 5 to 40wt.%, especially 5 to 30wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
The fine staple fibers of the carrier layer of the textile composite according to the application have a fiber fineness of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex, in particular 0.5dtex to 2.9dtex. In a preferred embodiment, the fine staple fibers have a fiber fineness of 0.5dtex to 2.5dtex, in particular 0.5dtex to 2.0dtex. By using fine short fibers in the carrier layer, the sound energy can also be converted into heat in the carrier layer due to the much larger inner surface of the layer.
If the carrier layer is free of binder fibers, in a preferred embodiment of the application the carrier layer comprises fine staple fibers in a proportion of 10wt.% to 90wt.%, more preferably 20wt.% to 90wt.%, more preferably 30wt.% to 90wt.%, more preferably 40wt.% to 90wt.%, still more preferably 45wt.% to 90wt.%, still more preferably 50wt.% to 90wt.%, especially 55wt.% to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer. If the carrier layer comprises binder fibers as further fibers, the carrier layer comprises fine staple fibers in a proportion of 5 to 90wt.%, more preferably 10 to 90wt.%, more preferably 20 to 90wt.%, still more preferably 30 to 90wt.%, still more preferably 40 to 90wt.%, still more preferably 50 to 90wt.%, in particular 55 to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
According to the application, the backbone fibers are staple fibers. Unlike the binder fibers that may be included in each carrier layer, the backbone fibers do not or only insubstantially melt. Unlike filaments which theoretically have an infinite length, staple fibers have a finite fiber length. According to the application, it is preferred that the fine staple fibers and the coarse staple fibers used as the backbone fibers have, independently of each other, a fiber length of 20 to 80mm, more preferably 25 to 80mm, especially 30 to 80 mm. As the skeleton fiber, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture thereof may be used. Synthetic fibers are preferably used.
In a preferred embodiment of the application, the fine staple fibers and the coarse staple fibers used as the backbone fibers independently of each other comprise at least a polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, viscose, polyamides, in particular polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6, preferably polyolefins, in particular polypropylene, particularly preferably polyesters, in particular polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, mixtures and/or copolymers of the abovementioned substances. Preferably the backbone fiber contains at least one polymer in a proportion of 90wt.%, more preferably 95wt.%, especially more than 97wt.%.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the application, the backbone fiber comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyesters, in particular polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefins, mixtures or copolymers of the abovementioned substances. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the application, the backbone fiber is a polyester fiber, in particular polyethylene terephthalate. The advantage of this is the self-extinguishing combustion behavior of polyethylene terephthalate, which in turn is relevant for the use of textile composites in the automotive sector.
In addition to fine and coarse staple fibers, the carrier layer may also contain other fibers. According to the application, it is preferred that each carrier layer independently contains at least partially melted binder fibers as further fibers. As the binder fibers, fibers generally used for this purpose may be employed as long as they can be at least partially heat-melted. The binder fibers may be single fibers or multicomponent fibers. Particularly suitable binder fibers according to the application are the following fibers: the melting point of the binding component of the fibers is below the melting point of the skeletal fibers to be bonded, preferably below 250 ℃, more preferably between 70 and 235 ℃, still more preferably between 90 and 225 ℃, and particularly preferably between 110 and 200 ℃. Suitable binder fibers are in particular fibers which contain and/or consist of the following substances: thermoplastic polyesters and/or copolyesters, in particular polybutylene terephthalate; polyolefins, in particular polypropylene; a polyamide; polyvinyl alcohol; and copolymers and mixtures thereof.
Particularly suitable binder fibers according to the application are multicomponent fibers, preferably bicomponent fibers, especially core/sheath fibers. The core/shell fibers comprise at least two fiber polymers having different softening and/or melting temperatures. Preferably, the core/shell fibers are composed of both fiber polymers. Wherein the component having the lower softening temperature and/or melting temperature is present at the surface of the fiber (the shell) and the component having the higher softening temperature and/or melting temperature is present in the core.
In core/shell fibers, the bonding function may be achieved by a material disposed on the surface of the fiber. For the shell, various materials may be used. Preferred materials for the shell according to the application are polybutylene terephthalate, polyamides, polyethylenes, copolyamides and/or copolyesters. For the core, a variety of different materials may be used as well. Preferred materials for the core according to the application are polyesters, in particular polyethylene terephthalate and/or polyolefins.
According to the application, the use of core-shell binder fibers is advantageous because it enables a particularly uniform distribution of the binder component within the nonwoven fabric. In addition, bicomponent fibers also have advantages over conventional binder fibers with respect to acoustic properties. Thus, in contrast to conventional binder fibers, the fiber core remains when the binder component is melted. However, this is more effective than the melted adhesive component in terms of sound absorbing properties.
If the carrier layer contains binder fibers as further fibers, the carrier layer preferably contains binder fibers in a proportion of 5 to 50wt.%, more preferably 5 to 45wt.%, even more preferably 5 to 40wt.%, in particular 5 to 30wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
According to the application, the carrier layer is preferably bonded and cured by at least partially melted bonding fibers. Preferably, the at least partially melted binder fibers are melted, for example, with a continuous furnace, without generating mechanical stress. Advantageously, the nonwoven fabric can be manufactured to have a large volume without losing volume by mechanical action. In another preferred embodiment of the application, the volume ratio of air to fibers in each carrier layer is, independently of each other, from 75:1 to 250:1, more preferably from 100:1 to 225:1, in particular from 125:1 to 200:1.
In another embodiment of the application, at least one of the carrier layers is bonded, preferably additionally reinforced with bonding fibers. As the binder, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate ethylene, polyurethane, and mixtures and copolymers thereof may be used.
According to the application, it is preferred that at least one of the carrier layers is easily reinforced, so that the sound absorbing textile composite material is easily suspended and compressed, and can thus be applied in different installation spaces.
The carrier layer can in principle be a woven, knit and/or nonwoven fabric. According to the application, at least one of the carrier layers is preferably a nonwoven fabric according to DIN EN ISO 9092, whereby a composite nonwoven fabric is formed.
According to the application, microporous flow layers are understood to mean microporous layers which have a specific flow resistance, in particular greater than 250Ns/m 3 For example 250Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 Preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 4000Ns/m 3 More preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 3000Ns/m 3 In particular 250Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 . Advantageously, the carrier layer is provided with a flow layer, whereby the sound absorption properties of the carrier layer can be improved. This enables the grammage of the carrier layer to be kept low and the product to have outstanding acoustic properties.
The adjustment of the flow resistance of the flow layer can be achieved in a manner and by methods known to the person skilled in the art by purposeful adjustment of the porosity and thickness. For a material that is too porous, there will not be enough friction on the fibers to effectively convert kinetic energy into thermal energy and thus less likely to be absorbed. In contrast, for a material that is too dense, sound waves will be reflected mainly on the surface of the material and thus not likely to be absorbed into the material.
According to the present application, the flow layer comprises ultrafine fibers having a titer of 10 microns or less, preferably 0.5 microns to 5 microns, more preferably 1 micron to 3 microns. The use of ultrafine fibers advantageously provides very large inner surfaces in the nonwoven fabric, on which the acoustic energy can be absorbed particularly well, by virtue of the very small fiber diameter. Fibers having such fineness (meltblown fibers) can be obtained in a simple manner, for example, by a meltblown process, thereby forming a meltblown fiber nonwoven fabric. The use of meltblown fibers is advantageous in that with them nonwoven fabrics having high densities and good acoustic properties can be obtained in a simple manner.
As the ultrafine fibers for the fluidized bed, synthetic fibers are preferably used. Such fibers are preferably composed of at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyolefins, in particular polypropylene; polyethylene terephthalate; a polyamide; mixtures and/or copolymers of the above. Preferably, the ultra fine fiber contains the above mentioned polymers, mixtures and/or copolymers in a proportion of at least 90wt.%, more preferably more than 95wt.%, in particular more than 97wt.%.
Preferably, the flow layers independently of each other have an amount of ultrafine fibers of more than 50wt.%, more preferably more than 70wt.%, in particular more than 90wt.%, based on the total weight of each flow layer.
It is contemplated that the textile composite material according to the application may be composed of only two carrier layers and two flow layers. According to the application, the textile composite material preferably also has a further layer, in particular at least one cover layer is provided on the outer flow layer. Advantageously, the flow layer can be better protected from damage. It has proven particularly suitable to use melt-spun nonwoven fabrics as cover layers. Preferably the cover layer has a grammage of 50g/m 2 Hereinafter, for example, 12g/m 2 To 30g/m 2 . The cover layer is also advantageously composed of thermoplastic filaments, in particular polypropylene filaments and/or polyethylene terephthalate filaments.
In a preferred embodiment, the textile composite according to the application has a third microporous flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 micrometers on the side of the first open-pore carrier layer facing away from the microporous flow layer. Of benefit is the symmetrical construction of the textile composite, which simplifies the use (Verbau). The third microporous flow layer may also be provided with a cover layer.
The carrier layer, the flow layer and the possible cover layer may be put together in various ways. It is thus conceivable to adhere the layers to one another with an adhesive material. If a flow layer in the form of a meltblown nonwoven fabric is used, in a preferred embodiment of the application, the flow layer is prepared by spraying meltblown fibers directly onto a carrier layer. This makes it possible to obtain a composite nonwoven fabric in which no defined phase boundary is identified between the support layer and the flow layer. This makes it possible to adjust the fiber fineness gradient in the boundary region of the carrier layer and the flow layer, which advantageously influences the acoustic properties. Furthermore, additional adhesive layers can be dispensed with, which likewise advantageously influences the acoustic properties.
In a preferred embodiment of the application, the layers, in particular the first open-pore carrier layer, the microporous flow layer, the second open-pore carrier layer, the additional microporous flow layer and the possible third microporous flow layer and the possible cover layer, are bonded to one another only at their edges.
According to the application, the textile composite material has a flow resistance of 250Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 Preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 4000Ns/m 3 More preferably 250Ns/m 3 To 3000Ns/m 3 In particular 250Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 And/or 350Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 Preferably 450Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 More preferably 550Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 And/or 350Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 More preferably 450Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 In particular 550Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 . It is also conceivable for the flow resistance of the textile composite to be 2000Ns/m 3 And 5000Ns/m 3 Between, e.g. 2001Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 . The flow resistance of the textile composite is equal to the sum of the flow resistance of the carrier layer and the flow resistance of the flow layer. Wherein the flow layer generally contributes significantly more to the flow resistance. The adjustment of the flow resistance can be achieved in a simple manner by selecting a suitable flow layer with the desired flow resistance.
With the textile composite material according to the application, a outstanding sound absorption level can be achieved, the sound absorption coefficient always being greater than 0.85, more preferably always greater than 0.90 (at a grammage of 350g/m, in the measuring range of 3000Hz to 10000Hz 2 And a thickness of 20mm, according to DIN EN ISO 354: 2003) measurement).
Textile compositeThe grammage of the composite material is preferably 50g/m 2 To 500g/m 2 More preferably 100g/m 2 To 450g/m 2 In particular 150g/m 2 To 400g/m 2 . It is beneficial for such grammage to be able to provide a textile composite material that is light in weight, whereby emissions can be reduced in an automobile due to the reduced weight.
The thickness of the textile composite is preferably from 5mm to 40mm, more preferably from 10mm to 35mm, in particular from 15mm to 30mm. For a thickness of at least 10mm, it is advantageous to create a large wall spacing so that the long wavelengths of the medium-and low-frequency sound waves can also be absorbed into the textile composite.
Another subject of the application is a process for manufacturing a textile composite material according to the application, which has a flow resistance of 250Ns/m 3 To 5000Ns/m 3 The method comprises the following steps:
a) Providing and/or preparing at least two open-cell carrier layers comprising coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex and fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.5dtex to 2.9dtex as backbone fibers;
b) Providing and/or preparing at least two microporous flow layers comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of 10 microns or less;
c) Disposing the flow layer on the carrier layer;
d) The carrier layer and the flow layer are joined.
If a flow layer in the form of a meltblown nonwoven fabric is used, the flow layer may also be prepared by spraying the meltblown fibers directly onto the carrier layer.
Providing and/or preparing at least one apertured support layer may be accomplished by a preparation process known to those skilled in the art, such as a preparation process for dry laying a staple fiber nonwoven fabric. The preparation methods suitable for the support layer according to the application are, for example, carding processes, as well as aerodynamic processes, such as air-laying processes (air-Verfahren) and air-deposition processes (air-Verfahren). In classical carding processes, staple fibers are typically broken down into individual fibers using a manually-directed roll (arbiter-Wenderwalzen) and deposited into a roxen yarn. These fibers can then be doubled, for example, by a stacker (kreuzlinger) to form a single or multi-layer web. Aerodynamic processes are particularly suitable if a nonwoven fabric is produced in which the fibers are randomly oriented. Random orientation is beneficial because it allows a voluminous, compressively elastic web to be obtained, while being less dense. If binder fibers are used, the binder fibers can be heated to a melting point, for example, in a continuous oven, thereby serving to cure the nonwoven fabric. The thermal curing can be performed before, during and/or after the bonding between the carrier layer and the flow layer. Other non-contact curing means, such as adhesive application, are also possible. It is particularly preferred that the nonwoven is cured by a non-mechanical curing process, in particular without needling, since the bulk of the carrier layer is not adversely affected thereby.
The flow layer can likewise be prepared in a manner and by methods known to the person skilled in the art. Particularly preferred according to the application is a melt blowing process. It is advantageous in this connection that fine fibers can be produced in a simple manner in one process step at low cost.
The bonding between the carrier layer and the flow layer can be achieved in a manner and by methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example with a hot-melt adhesive (Schmelzklebstoff) or an adhesive (Haftklebstoff). Preferably, the hot melt adhesive or adhesive is applied in-line (inl ine) to the carrier layer while the flow layer is transported in-line by an unwinder (abwick).
Bonding of the layers may also be achieved by thermal consolidation of thermoplastic fibers contained in the layers. Preferably, the thermal curing of the layer occurs only at the edges.
If at least one microporous flow layer in the form of a meltblown nonwoven is used, it is spun directly onto the support layer in a particularly preferred embodiment of the application. Thus, a composite nonwoven fabric in which no distinct phase boundary is identified between the support layer and the flow layer can be obtained. This makes it possible to adjust the fiber fineness gradient in the boundary region of the carrier layer and the flow layer, which in turn advantageously influences the acoustic effect. Furthermore, additional adhesive layers can be dispensed with, which in turn advantageously influences the acoustic properties.
In order to protect the outermost flow layer, this layer is optimally provided with a cover layer, as described above. This is particularly beneficial for meltblown nonwoven fabrics.
The textile composite material according to the application is outstandingly suitable for sound absorption in the automotive sector, for example for acoustic components of the interior of a motor vehicle, in particular as a sound-absorbing lining in the interior trim of a motor vehicle.
Drawings
Fig. 1: comparison of the sound absorption coefficients in Alpha chambers according to example 3 of the application (DIN EN ISO 354:2003) with comparative examples 1 and 2.
The application will be further illustrated with reference to a number of examples.
Detailed Description
1. Comparative example 1
Preparing a gram weight of 260g/m 2 A staple fiber nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 20mm, which was composed of a fine polyethylene terephthalate (PET) staple fiber (35 wt.%) having a fineness of 1.0dtex, a polypropylene (PP) staple fiber (40 wt.%) having a fineness of 2.0dtex, and a coarse PET staple fiber (15 wt.%) having a fineness of 6.7dtex, and a PET/co-PET bicomponent fiber (10 wt.%) having a fineness of 2.2 dtex. Applying a grammage of 45g/m to these staple nonwoven fabrics 2 A polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 0.5mm and an average fiber diameter of 2.5 μm.
2. Comparative example 2
Providing a grammage of 260g/m 2 And a staple fiber nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 20mm, which is composed of a fine PET staple fiber having a fineness of 1.0dtex (35 wt.%), a PP staple fiber having a fineness of 2.0dtex (40 wt.%), a coarse PET staple fiber having a fineness of 6.7dtex (15 wt.%) and a PET/copolymerized PET bicomponent fiber having a fineness of 2.2dtex (10 wt.%). The staple fibers are thermally bonded. Applying a gram weight of 45g/m to each side of the staple fiber nonwoven fabric 2 A polypropylene meltblown nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 0.5mm and an average fiber diameter of 2.5 microns.
3. Inventive example 3
Two kinds of materials each having 130g/m are provided 2 Staple fiber nonwoven fabric of gram weight and 10mm thickness, consisting of fine PET staple fiber of titer 1.0dtex (35 wt.%), PP staple fiber of titer 2.0dtex (40 wt.%), coarse PET staple fiber of titer 6.7dtex (15 wt.%), and PET/co-PET bicomponent fiber of titer 2.2dtex (10 wt.%). The staple fiber nonwoven material is thermally bonded. A first staple fiber nonwoven fabric is prepared. Applying a basis weight of 45g/m to the first nonwoven web 2 A polypropylene meltblown nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 0.5mm and an average fiber diameter of 2.5 microns. Another staple fiber nonwoven is applied to the polypropylene meltblown nonwoven and another polypropylene meltblown nonwoven is applied thereto.
4. Determining sound absorption coefficient
The sound absorption coefficients of example 3, comparative examples 1 and 2 were measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 354:2003. The results are shown in fig. 1.
It can be seen that example 3 has excellent sound absorption performance in the frequency range of 3000Hz to 10000Hz, which is particularly important for electric automobiles. Although the parameters (grammage and thickness) related to sound absorption are the same, they are much better than comparative examples 1 and 2.
In order to determine the parameters used according to the application, the following measurement methods were used:
test method for nonwoven fabrics for determining grammage
According to ISO 9073-1, wherein the area of the test specimen reaches 100mm x 100 mm.
Test method for nonwoven fabrics for determining thickness
Processes B and C according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2.
Determination of fiber fineness
The fiber diameter is determined by means of a microscope and corresponding software according to DIN 53810 (fineness of textile fibers-concept and test principle). Preparation of 4 microscopic specimens consisting of a total of more than 20 individual fibersFor each microscopic specimen, the fibers were truncated to approximately 2-3 mm long with scissors and placed on the slide with the aid of a dissecting needleAnd (3) upper part. The fiber diameter (micrometers) is then determined and informed with the aid of corresponding software. The reported fiber diameter can then be converted into a fiber fineness Tt by means of the following formula:
d fiber diameter in microns
ρ g/cm 3 Fiber density in units of
Determination of staple length
10 fiber bundles were selected from the existing fiber samples, wherein individual fibers were taken out of each of the 10 fiber bundles by means of tweezers, and the second free end of the fiber was clamped into the remaining one of the two clamping clamps by clamping the free end of the fiber into one of the two clamping clamps for determining the fiber length of the 10 individual fibers. By rotating the handwheel, the fibers are stretched until they are free of crimp. The length of the fiber is read from the scale of the tester and is marked in millimeters. The average of all the results obtained represents the staple length:
sum of the individual fiber lengths of Σl
n number of samples
Determination of melting Point
Dynamic differential thermal analysis (DSC) according to DIN EN ISO 11357-3, part 3: the melting and crystallization temperatures, and the melting and crystallization enthalpies were determined, with a heating rate of 10K/min.
Determining compressibility
Reference is made to DIN 53885 (determination of compressibility of textiles and textile products), wherein the determination of compressibility is effected by means of further testers as described in the standard. Thus, test samples with dimensions of 100mm x 100mm, measuring stations (Messtafel) with length dimensions of mm, metal plates with dimensions of 120 mm x 120 mm, and cylindrical weights with diameters of 55 mm and a mass of one kg were prepared.
Before the measurement, the thickness of the test sample is determined by means of the measuring table in the unloaded state. This value describes the initial thickness d in millimeters 0 . After the initial thickness is determined in the unloaded state, the next step is to place a metal plate (100 g) on the test specimen and center it. A circular weight is then placed on the circular label of the measurement plate, so that the test sample is loaded with about 1.1kg. The absolute compressibility of the test sample is determined by the following equation, which reflects the difference between the initial thickness and the thickness in the loaded state:
K 2 [mm]＝d 0 -d b
d 0 initial thickness in millimeters
d b Final thickness in millimeters of test sample under corresponding loading conditions
The relative compressibility Kr expressed in percent is:
determining resilience
Reference is made to DIN EN ISO 1856 (determination of the residual compression set of soft elastic polymer foam). As the measuring means, the same structure is used as described in the section "determination of compressibility". In determining the resilience, the difference between the initial thickness and the final thickness of the material is determined after a certain time of compression deformation at a certain temperature and a fixed recovery time.
Before the measurement, the thickness of the test sample is determined by means of the measuring table in the unloaded state. This value describes the initial thickness in millimeters. After the initial thickness is determined in the unloaded state, the next step is to place a metal plate (100 g) on the test specimen with its center aligned. A cylindrical weight was then placed on the circular label of the measurement plate and the test sample was loaded with about 1.1kg over a 24 hour period and at room temperature (23 ℃ +/-2 ℃). After 24 hours loading, the weights and metal plates were removed from the test samples and the thickness of the test samples was measured again after a recovery period of 30 minutes, the residual compression set being determined as follows:
d 0 initial thickness of test body in mm
d r Thickness of test body after recovery
The resilience of a material can be calculated from the residual compression set using the following equation:
R[％]＝100-DVR
determining air: volume ratio of fibers
The volume ratio of air to fiber provides information about the porosity of the material. Thus, assuming a high proportion of air compared to fibers, the material has a high porosity. Volume ratio V Air-conditioner Ratio V Fiber Can be determined as follows. For this purpose, the volume of the test body is first calculated using the following formula:
V test body [cm 3 ]＝l*b*d
length of test body in units of l mm
b mm unit width of test body
Test body thickness in d mm, test according to DIN EN ISO 9073-2, methods B and C
After the volume of the test body is determined, the volume of the fibers contained in the nonwoven fabric is determined in the next step using the following formula:
m fiber Fiber mass of test body in grams
ρ Fibrous polymer In g/cm 3 Density of fibrous polymer in units
Staple fibers made of polymeric polyethylene terephthalate are preferably used in the carrier layer so that they can be from about 1.38g/cm 3 Starts with the fiber density of (2). After the fiber volume has been calculated, the air volume can now be determined in the next step by means of the following formula:
V air-conditioner [cm 3 ]＝V Test body -V Fiber
If the air volume and the fiber volume of the test body are determined, the relationship with respect to one another can now be set with these two volume values.
Test method for determining flow resistance
According to DIN EN 29053, method A (air flow method), in which the effective sample diameter is 100mm and the air pressure is 1000mbar.
Test method for measuring sound absorption in reverberation chamber (Alpha cabin)
According to DIN EN ISO 354:2003, measurements are made in Alpha capsules. The test sample is placed directly on the bottom plate.

Claims (37)

1. A sound absorbing textile composite having a flow resistance of 250Ns/m to 5000Ns/m of gauge, the sound absorbing textile composite being a composite nonwoven fabric comprising:
a) A first apertured carrier layer comprising coarse staple fibers and fine staple fibers as backbone fibers, the coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex and the fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex,
b) A microporous flow layer disposed on the first open cell carrier layer, the flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 microns,
characterized by further comprising:
c) A second open-cell carrier layer comprising coarse staple fibers and fine staple fibers as backbone fibers, the coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex and the fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex, wherein the second open-cell carrier layer is disposed on the side of the microporous flow layer facing away from the first open-cell carrier layer; and
d) An additional microporous flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 microns, wherein the additional microporous flow layer is disposed on the side of the second open cell carrier layer facing away from the microporous flow layer;
wherein the gram weight is 350g/m 2 And a thickness of 20mm, according to DIN EN ISO 354:2003, the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption textile composite material is greater than 0.85 in the measuring range from 3000Hz to 10000 Hz.
2. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 1, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a compressibility of 70% to 100%, and/or a rebound resilience of 70% to 100%.
3. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 2, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a compressibility of 75% to 100%.
4. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 2, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a compressibility of 80% to 100%.
5. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 2, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a rebound resilience of 75% to 100%.
6. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 2, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a rebound resilience of 80% to 100%.
7. The sound absorbing textile composite of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers are nonwoven fabrics.
8. The sound absorbing textile composite material according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layer contains at least partially melted binder fibers as further fibers.
9. The acoustical textile composite of claim 8, wherein said binder fibers are core/shell fibers.
10. The sound absorbing textile composite of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers are free of binder fibers, the carrier layers independently of each other comprising coarse staple fibers in a proportion of 10wt.% to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layers; or the first and/or the second open carrier layer contains binder fibers as other fibers, the proportion of coarse staple fibers being 5 to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
11. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 10, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers are free of binder fibers, the carrier layers independently of each other comprising coarse staple fibers in a proportion of 10wt.% to 80wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layers.
12. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 10, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers are free of binder fibers, the carrier layers independently of each other comprising coarse staple fibers in a proportion of 10wt.% to 70wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layers.
13. The sound absorbing textile composite according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and/or the second open-porous carrier layer contains binder fibers as further fibers, the proportion of coarse staple fibers being 5 to 80wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
14. The sound absorbing textile composite according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and/or the second open-porous carrier layer contains binder fibers as further fibers, the proportion of coarse staple fibers being 5 to 70wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
15. The sound absorbing textile composite of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers are free of binder fibers, the carrier layers independently comprising fine staple fibers in a proportion of 10wt.% to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layers; or the first and/or second apertured support layer contains binder fibers as other fibers in a proportion of from 5 to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective support layer, of fine staple fibers.
16. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 15, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers are free of binder fibers, the carrier layers independently comprising fine staple fibers in a proportion of 20wt.% to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layers.
17. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 15, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers are free of binder fibers, the carrier layers independently comprising fine staple fibers in a proportion of 30wt.% to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layers.
18. The sound absorbing textile composite according to claim 15, characterized in that the first and/or the second open-porous carrier layer contains binder fibers as further fibers, the proportion of fine short fibers being 10 to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
19. The sound absorbing textile composite according to claim 15, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layer contains binder fibers as further fibers, the proportion of fine staple fibers being 20 to 90wt.%, based on the total weight of the respective carrier layer.
20. The sound absorbing textile composite material according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the fine and coarse staple fibers used as backbone fibers have a fiber length of 20mm to 80mm independently of each other.
21. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 20, wherein the fine staple fibers and the coarse staple fibers used as the backbone fibers independently have a fiber length of 25mm to 80 mm.
22. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 20, wherein the fine staple fibers and the coarse staple fibers used as the backbone fibers independently have a fiber length of 30mm to 80 mm.
23. The sound absorbing textile composite of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first open carrier layer and/or the second open carrier layer are thermally bonded.
24. The sound absorbing textile composite of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers have an air to fiber volume ratio of 75:1 to 250:1.
25. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 24, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers have a volume ratio of air to fibers of 100:1 to 225:1.
26. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 24, wherein the first and/or second open carrier layers have an air to fiber volume ratio of 125:1 to 200:1.
27. The acoustical textile composite of claim 1, wherein said ultra-fine fibers are meltblown fibers.
28. The sound absorbing textile composite of any of claims 1-6, wherein individual layers of the sound absorbing textile composite are bonded to each other only at edges.
29. The sound absorbing textile composite of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a grammage of 50g/m 2 To 500g/m 2 。
30. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 29, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a grammage of 100g/m 2 To 450g/m 2 。
31. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 29, wherein the sound absorbing textile composite has a grammage of 150g/m 2 To 400g/m 2 。
32. The sound absorbing textile composite of any of claims 1-6, wherein the thickness of the sound absorbing textile composite is from 5mm to 40mm.
33. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 32, wherein the thickness of the sound absorbing textile composite is from 10mm to 35mm.
34. The sound absorbing textile composite of claim 32, wherein the thickness of the sound absorbing textile composite is 15mm to 30mm.
35. A method of manufacturing a sound absorbing textile composite material according to any one of claims 1-34, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
a) Providing and/or preparing at least two apertured carrier layers comprising coarse staple fibers and fine staple fibers as backbone fibers, the coarse staple fibers having a titer of 3dtex to 17dtex and the fine staple fibers having a titer of 0.3dtex to 2.9dtex;
b) Providing and/or preparing a flow layer of at least two micropores, the flow layer comprising ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of less than 10 microns;
c) Disposing the flow layer on the carrier layer;
d) The carrier layer and the flow layer are joined.
36. The method of claim 35, wherein the textile composite has a flow resistance of 250Ns/m 3 To 2000Ns/m 3 。
37. Use of the sound-absorbing textile composite according to any one of claims 1 to 34 as sound absorber in the automotive field.
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