CN112806288B - Floating raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum' zebra clam No. 2 - Google Patents
Floating raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum' zebra clam No. 2 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112806288B CN112806288B CN202011621996.XA CN202011621996A CN112806288B CN 112806288 B CN112806288 B CN 112806288B CN 202011621996 A CN202011621996 A CN 202011621996A CN 112806288 B CN112806288 B CN 112806288B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/55—Baskets therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish culture, and particularly relates to a raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam No. 2'. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting Ruditapes philippinarum with specification of 240-400 granules/kg and shell length of 2.2-2.9 cm as seedling; (2) Putting the seedlings into a multi-layer net cage hung on a floating raft in a sea area for breeding; the number of the layers of the multi-layer net cage is 18-25; the density of the seeds is 150-200 grains/layer. According to the invention, by carrying out raft culture on Ruditapes philippinarum and combining specification control on seeds, culture density and specification control of a multilayer net cage, the problems of low survival rate, low recapture rate, high mining and catching breakage rate, difficulty in mining and catching in winter and the like of Ruditapes philippinarum in the prior art are solved; and the harvested Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam 2' has the advantages of good quality, no sand, no offshore heavy metal pollution, high fertilizer fullness and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish culture, and particularly relates to a buoyant raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam No. 2'.
Background
The Ruditapesphilippinarum is mainly used for culturing shellfish in shallow seas in China, has annual output of about 300 ten thousand tons and value of about 200 hundred million yuan, accounts for 1/6 of the mariculture output in China, accounts for 1/4 of the shellfish output, and has extremely important industrial position.
According to the method, the water depth is pushed to a 30-meter sea area of the Bohai sea area from the intertidal zone, the culture space is greatly expanded, the growth speed is improved, the culture period is shortened, the industrial risk is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved. But has the problems of low culture survival rate, low recapture rate, high mining and capturing breakage rate, difficult mining and capturing in winter and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a floating raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam 2'. The culture method solves the problems of low survival rate, low recapture rate, high capture and breakage rate, difficult capture in winter and the like of Ruditapes philippinarum culture in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a buoyant raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam 2', which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting Ruditapes philippinarum with the specification of 240-400 granules/kg and the shell length of 2.2-2.9 cm as seeds;
(2) Putting the seedlings into a multi-layer net cage hung on a floating raft in a sea area for breeding;
the number of the layers of the multi-layer net cage is 18-25; the density of the seeds is 150-200 grains/layer.
Preferably, the traits of the offspring seeds comprise: the shell surface has uniform zebra patterns, the background color of the shell surface is grey white, the proportion of the pattern pitch of the shell surface to the shell length is 1/30-1/54, and northern groups can bear the low temperature of minus 5 ℃ in the beach in winter.
Preferably, the method for domesticating ruditapes philippinarum comprises the following steps:
a) Breeding first-grade Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings indoors;
b) Filling the first-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings into net bags hung on floating rafts in sea areas for cultivation to obtain second-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings;
c) Transferring the second-level fingerlings of the Ruditapes philippinarum to a pond for cultivation to obtain third-level fingerlings with mature gonads;
d) Transferring the third-level fingerlings indoors, and artificially hastening parturition to obtain fourth-level fingerlings of Ruditapes philippinarum;
e) Repeating the steps a) and b) on the fourth-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings for three generations continuously to obtain Ruditapes philippinarum.
Preferably, the arrangement of the floating raft in the step (2) comprises: connecting a buoy on the buoy stem, and arranging a buoyant raft by adopting a vertical method;
the length of the floating peduncle is 100-150 m; the effective hanging cage length of the floating peduncle is 80-100 m;
the row spacing of the floating peduncles is 15-20 m.
Preferably, the number of the hanging cages of the buoyant raft is 60-100 per raft.
Preferably, the screening of the sea area comprises: selecting a sea area with salinity of 20-33, temperature variation range of 0-28 ℃, pH variation range of 8.0-8.5, chlorophyll content of 3.92-5.14 mug/L, diatom door as dominant species, smooth sea current, flat terrain and no industrial pollution.
Preferably, the flow velocity of the ocean current is 20-100 cm/s.
Preferably, the cultivation in step (2) comprises: replacing the multi-layer net cage once in the culture period of 6-7 months, and removing attachments inside and outside the net cage.
Preferably, the starting time of the cultivation is 9-10 months.
Preferably, the culture process further comprises harvesting, and the harvest standard is 80-160 grains/kg.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a floating raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum, which comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting shellfish with specification of 240-400 grains/kg and shell length of 2.2-2.9 cm as offspring seed; (2) Putting the seedlings into a multi-layer net cage which is hung on a floating raft in a set sea area for cultivation, wherein the number of the multi-layer net cage is 18-25; the density of the offspring seeds is 150 to 200 grains per layer. According to the invention, by carrying out raft culture on Ruditapes philippinarum and combining the control on the specification of seedlings, the specification of a multi-layer net cage and the seed loading density, the problems of low survival rate, low recapture rate, high mining and capturing breakage rate, difficulty in mining and capturing in winter and the like of Ruditapes philippinarum culture in the prior art are solved; and the harvested Ruditapes philippinarum 'Mactra philippinarum No. 2' has the advantages of good quality, no sand, no offshore heavy metal pollution, high fertilizer fullness and the like.
Furthermore, the culture method provided by the invention is convenient to harvest and catch, simple to operate and 100% in recapture rate.
Furthermore, the culture method provided by the invention can improve the yield and the culture survival rate of Ruditapes philippinarum by screening sea areas, controlling the culture density and determining the culture starting time, and the harvested Ruditapes philippinarum is superior to bottom-sown Ruditapes philippinarum in shell length, shell width, shell height, fresh weight, soft body weight and growth speed in summer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of a Ruditapes philippinarum "Mactra veneriformis No. 2";
FIG. 2 is a field view of the cage of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a comparison chart of the growth of the shells of 2 breeding modes in different seasons in application example 1;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of the growth width of the shells of 2 breeding modes in different seasons in application example 1;
FIG. 5 is a comparative diagram of the shell height growth of 2 breeding modes in different seasons in application example 1;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the shell lengths of different breeding modes in application example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a floating raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum, which comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting Ruditapes philippinarum with specification of 240-400 granules/kg and shell length of 2.2-2.9 cm as seedling; (2) Putting the seedlings into a multi-layer net cage hung on a floating raft in a sea area for breeding, wherein the number of the multi-layer net cage is 18-25; the density of the offspring seeds is 150 to 200 grains per layer.
The Ruditapes philippinarum with the specification of 240-400 grains/kg and the shell length of 2.2-2.9 cm is selected as a seedling, preferably 300-350 grains/kg, the shell length of 2.3-2.5 cm, more preferably 334 grains/kg and the shell length of 2.37cm. In the invention, the Ruditapes philippinarum is preferably No. 2 of zebra clam; the characteristics of the Ruditapes philippinarum preferably comprise: beautiful shell color, high meat yield and strong low-temperature tolerance.
In the present invention, the method for domesticating ruditapes philippinarum preferably comprises the following steps:
a) Breeding first-grade Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings indoors;
b) Filling the first-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings into net bags hung on floating rafts in sea areas for cultivation to obtain second-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings;
c) Transferring the second-level fingerlings of the Ruditapes philippinarum to a pond for cultivation to obtain third-level fingerlings with mature gonads;
d) Transferring the third-level fingerlings indoors, and artificially hastening parturition to obtain fourth-level fingerlings of Ruditapes philippinarum;
e) Repeating the steps a) and b) on the fourth-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings for three generations continuously to obtain Ruditapes philippinarum.
The invention firstly breeds the first-grade Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings indoors. In the invention, the parent shellfish for indoor breeding of the first-class offspring seeds is preferably northern native wild clams.
In the invention, the shell length of the Ruditapes philippinarum first-class offspring seed is preferably 2-3 mm. The indoor cultivation method is not limited, and a cultivation method known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
After the first-class Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings are obtained, the first-class Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings are put into net bags hung on floating rafts in sea areas for cultivation, and second-class seedlings are obtained. The preferred second-level seed shell length reaches 0.7-1cm. And (4) culturing the second-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings in an outdoor pond to ensure that the gonads of the second-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings mature to obtain the third-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings. In the invention, preferably, when the shell length of the Ruditapes philippinarum three-level offspring seed reaches 2.2 cm-2.9 cm, the Ruditapes philippinarum is transferred to a polyethylene net cage to be cultivated until the shell length is more than 3 cm.
After obtaining the Ruditapes philippinarum three-level seedlings, the invention transfers the Ruditapes philippinarum three-level seedlings to the indoor space, and artificially hastens parturition to obtain the Ruditapes philippinarum four-level seedlings.
Obtaining four-stage Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings, continuously repeating the scheme for three generations, and obtaining Ruditapes philippinarum. The Ruditapes philippinarum is preferably bred by northern native Ruditapes, and is combined with a specific domestication method, the shell surface has uniform zebra patterns, the background color of the shell surface is grey white, the proportion of the interval of the shell surface patterns to the shell length is 1/30-1/54, the low-temperature tolerance is strong, the meat yield is high, the shell color is attractive, and the Ruditapes philippinarum is suitable for raft culture.
After selecting the seedlings, the invention puts the seedlings into a multi-layer net cage which is hung on a floating raft in the sea area for cultivation; the number of layers of the multi-layer net cage is 18-25, preferably 18-20, and most preferably 18; the density of the seeds packed is 150-200 grains/layer, preferably 150-200 grains/layer, and most preferably 150 grains/layer. In the present invention, the arrangement of the buoyant raft preferably comprises: connecting a buoy on the buoy stem, and arranging a buoyant raft by adopting a vertical method; the length of the peduncle is preferably 100-150 m, more preferably 100-120 m, most preferably 100m, and the length of the peduncle preferably covers the peduncle bound to the red pout of wood; the effective hanging cage length of the peduncle is 80-100 m, the preferable length is 80-90 m, and the most preferable length is 90m; the hanging cage density of the buoyant raft is preferably 60-100 per raft, further preferably 60-80 per raft, and most preferably 60 per raft; the material of the air floating stem preferably comprises polyethylene ropes, and the diameter of the air floating stem is preferably 20-30 mm, more preferably 25-30 mm, and most preferably 30mm; the row spacing of the air-floating peduncles is preferably 15 to 20m, more preferably 15 to 17m, and most preferably 15m. The sources of the said curbs and floats are not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products well known in the art may be used.
The source of the multi-layer net cage is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products well known in the art may be used. The multilayer net cage is preferably a plastic net cage. According to the invention, the yield and the survival rate of the Ruditapes philippinarum can be improved by controlling the density of the cultured seedlings and the row spacing of the floating peduncles, and the utilization rate of the floating raft is improved; in addition, the harvested clams are superior to bottom-sown clams in shell length, shell width, shell height, fresh weight, soft body weight and growth speed in summer.
In the present invention, the screening of the sea area comprises: the salinity is preferably 20 to 33, and is further preferably 27.6 to 28.7; the temperature variation range is preferably 0-28 ℃, and more preferably 2.2-23.9 ℃; the pH variation range is preferably 8.0 to 8.5, and more preferably 8.02 to 8.20; the chlorophyll content is preferably 3.92-5.14 mug/L; the diatom door is a dominant species, the ocean current is smooth, the terrain is flat, and no industrial pollution exists in the sea area; the flow velocity of the ocean current is preferably 20cm/s to 100cm/s, and more preferably 40cm/s to 100cm/s. According to the invention, a suitable sea area is selected for floating raft culture, so that a suitable growing and survival water environment is provided for Ruditapes philippinarum, and the yield and survival rate of Ruditapes philippinarum are further improved.
In the present invention, the breeding preferably comprises: replacing the multi-layer net cage once in the culture period of 7 months, and removing attachments inside and outside the net cage; the breeding preferably further comprises: increasing the number of floating balls according to the sinking condition of the floating raft; the principle of increasing the number of the floating balls is as follows: the floating raft is prevented from sinking. According to the invention, through replacing the multiple layers of net cages, removing attachments inside and outside the net cages and increasing the floating mode, the floating raft can be prevented from sinking along with the increase of silt attachments and the weight of the seedlings, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is further improved.
In the present invention, the starting time of the cultivation is preferably 9 to 10 months, and more preferably 10 months; the cultivation process preferably further comprises harvesting, and the harvest criterion is preferably 80-160 grains/kg, more preferably 100-130 grains/kg, and most preferably 130 grains/kg. The total cultivation time of the invention is preferably 10-14 months, and more preferably 12 months. The invention has no special limitation on culture management, and a raft culture management mode well known in the field can be adopted.
According to the invention, by carrying out raft culture on Ruditapes philippinarum and combining specification control on seeds, culture density and specification control of a multilayer net cage, the problems of low survival rate, low recapture rate, high mining and catching breakage rate, difficulty in mining and catching in winter and the like of Ruditapes philippinarum in the prior art are solved; and the harvested Ruditapes philippinarum 'Mactra philippinarum No. 2' has the advantages of good quality, no sand, no offshore heavy metal pollution, high fertilizer fullness and the like.
In addition, the culture method provided by the invention is convenient to capture, simple to operate and has a capture rate of 100%.
Furthermore, the culture method provided by the invention can improve the yield and the survival rate of the Ruditapes philippinarum by screening sea areas, controlling the culture density and determining the culture starting time, and the harvested Ruditapes philippinarum is superior to bottom-sowed Ruditapes philippinarum in shell length, shell width, shell height, fresh weight, soft body weight and growth speed in summer.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the raft culture method of ruditapes philippinarum provided by the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum comprises the following steps:
(1) Raft culture seedling selection: selecting the zebra clam No. 2 cultured in the pond (taking the growth character as a breeding index, and breeding the zebra clam No. 2 through continuous 4-generation group breeding) in 10-month and 4-month in autumn of 2018. The mactra 2 is bred by big and indigenous groups of zebra rudita, the shell surface has uniform zebra patterns, the background color of the shell surface is grey white, the proportion of the pattern pitch of the shell surface to the shell length is 1/30-1/54, and the zebra rudita is resistant to the low temperature of minus 5 ℃ in winter. Selecting seeds with the specification of 167 grains/jin and the average shell length of 2.37cm as seeds (see figure 1);
(2) Selecting a raft culture sea area: selecting the sea area of the Dalianzhuang river king domestic island to carry out Ruditapes philippinarum raft culture, wherein the salinity variation range of 4 seasons is 27.6-28.7, the temperature variation range is 2.2-23.9 ℃, the pH variation range is 8.02-8.20, diatom phylum is a dominant species, the sea current is smooth, the sea current flow rate is 40-100 cm/s, the topography of a culture sea area is flat, and no industrial pollution exists.
(3) The culture floating raft is arranged: the raft frame is arranged by adopting a vertical method, a rope-extending type floating method and a row spacing of 15m. The floating stalks adopt polyethylene ropes with the diameter of 30mm, each stalk rope is 100m (peg-added leg), and the effective hanging cage length is 80m.
(4) Culturing density: the Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings are put into a plastic net cage, the cultivation density is 150 grains per layer, and each cage has 18 layers. And (3) hanging the plastic net cages on the set floating rafts in the sea area, wherein 60 plastic net cages are hung on each raft. Hanging the plastic net cages filled with Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings in a floating raft culture sea area, hanging and culturing 1477 cages together, and loading the cages on the site as shown in figure 2.
(5) Cultivation management: along with the increase of attached mud and attachments and the weight increase of the seedlings, the floats are timely increased to prevent the raft frame from sinking. The plastic cultivation cage is replaced once in the cultivation period of 7 months, and attachments inside and outside the mesh bag cage are removed.
(6) Cultivation and harvesting: and (3) adopting a plastic net cage in the current 10 months, wherein the culture shell length specification is 2.37cm, the density is 150 grains/layer, and the average shell length specification is 3.16cm (148 grains/kg) and the market specification clams are 3.18cm (130 grains/kg) respectively in the next 7 months.
Comparative example 1
The bottom sowing culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum comprises the following steps:
(1) Environmental conditions of cultivation
Selecting a shallow sea with smooth wind and calm, smooth tide and fresh water injection in a flat inner bay, wherein the bottom material is sand-mud bottom, and the longitude and latitude of the bottom sowing point of bottom sowing cultivation are B-1 (N39 degrees 34'686 "E123 ° 21' 089"), B-2 (N39 degrees 34'833 "E123 ° 21' 162") and B-3 (N39 degrees 34' E542 "E123 ' 21' 555"). The salinity variation range of the bottom sowing area is 25.9-28.3, the temperature variation range of the bottom sowing area is 1.7-27.9 ℃, and the pH variation range of the bottom sowing area is 8.08-8.23.
(2) Stocking offspring seeds
(1) Source of offspring seed
The Ruditapes philippinarum is bred by the indigenous population of Dalian province, the shell surface has uniform zebra patterns, the background color of the shell surface is grey white, and the ratio of the pattern pitch of the shell surface to the length of the shell is 1/30-1/54.
(2) Fry transportation
Dry transportation, loading and unloading are carried out to avoid high-temperature at noon, and insolation, rain, wind blowing and mechanical damage are strictly prevented in the transportation process. The transportation temperature is 4-8 ℃, and the transportation time is 8h.
(3) Stocking time
Breeding the seedlings in 2018, 10 months and 4 days, wherein the water temperature is preferably over 15 ℃. Avoiding periods of maximum tidal flow.
(4) Stocking specification
The size of the bred clam fries is 167 grains per jin, and the shell length is 2.37cm.
(5) Stocking density
The stocking density is 530 grains/m 2 600 grains/m 2 。
(6) Stocking method
And the seedling transporting ship is positioned to the stocking area through navigation, and adopts a dry method to release seedlings and uniformly spreads the seedlings.
(3) Breeding management
(1) Protection against enemies
In the next year of 6-7 months, the diving drag harrow net with the length, width and height of 4m, 1.5m and 0.6m respectively and the motor power of 15-36 kw is used for intensively removing enemy organisms such as vast flat jade snails, fragrant snails, multi-thorn sea jiggers and the like.
(2) Water quality detection
And (3) periodically detecting pH, dissolved oxygen, COD, salinity, ammonia nitrogen, active phosphate, heavy metal, petroleum hydrocarbon, coliform bacteria, shellfish toxin and the like in the water.
(3) Production record
And measuring growth and survival data of the clams regularly in the culture period, and making production records.
(4) Harvesting
(1) Season of harvest
And fishing the commercial clams by the trawl of the fishing boat.
(2) Harvest specification
The commercial clams are mixed evenly, 500g is weighed by an electronic balance for counting, and the sampling is carried out for 3 times. By breeding for 7 months and 11 months next year, market specification clams with average shell length specification of 3.37cm,3.51cm,136 grains/kg and 124 grains/kg can be harvested respectively.
In 2019, in months 1, 4, 7 and 10, the shell length, the shell height and the shell width of the Ruditapes philippinarum are measured by vernier calipers respectively, the total weight and the software weight of the Ruditapes philippinarum are weighed by an electronic balance, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1, wherein bottom sowing refers to the test results of the culture in comparative example 1 in different periods, and floating rafts refer to the test results of the culture in example 1 in different periods.
TABLE 1 growth data of seedlings in different breeding modes and different time periods
As can be seen from Table 1, the shell length of the raft Ruditapes philippinarum cultured by bottom sowing is 2.39-3.18 cm, and the shell length of the bottom sowing Ruditapes philippinarum cultured by bottom sowing is 2.74-3.51 cm. The growth speed of the raft culture little clam in summer is 118.18 percent, 78.26 percent, 89.09 percent, 80.57 percent and 63.64 percent faster than that of the bottom sowing little clam respectively.
As can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 5, the growth of the Ruditapes philippinarum cultured in spring and autumn on floating raft is lower than that of the Ruditapes philippinarum cultured in bottom sowing. The growth speed of the ruditapes philippinarum cultured on the buoyant raft in summer is higher than that of the ruditapes philippinarum cultured on the bottom sowing. Wherein the growth period of the Ruditapes philippinarum in a floating raft culture period of 4-7 months is 0.71cm in this season, the growth rate of the Ruditapes philippinarum in bottom sowing culture is 0.34cm, and the growth rate of the Ruditapes philippinarum in raft culture is obviously higher than that of the Ruditapes philippinarum in bottom sowing culture during this period.
Finally, the survival rate of raft culture is 96.67 percent and the survival rate of bottom sowing culture is 68.26 percent by calculation, and the survival rate of bottom sowing culture is higher because the bottom sowing culture Ruditapes philippinarum of the comparative example 1 has larger culture specification and shorter transportation time period compared with the common bottom sowing technology. In the normal conventional culture technology, the size of the clam seedlings transported from Fujian to Dalianzhuang river and Dandong east harbor in the north is 0.7-1cm, the transportation time is long, and the survival rate of the clams is 15-25%. Therefore, compared with the conventional bottom sowing culture method in the month, the raft culture method can obviously improve the survival rate of Ruditapes philippinarum.
In conclusion, raft culture is performed on Ruditapes philippinarum, and the specifications of seedlings and the specification control of the multilayer net cages are combined, so that the problems of low survival rate, low recapture rate, high harvest and capture breakage rate, difficulty in harvest and capture in winter and the like of Ruditapes philippinarum in the prior art are solved; and the harvested Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam 2' has the advantages of good quality, no sand, heavy metal pollution near shore, high fertilizer fullness and the like.
In addition, the culture method provided by the invention is convenient to capture, simple to operate and has a capture rate of 100%.
Furthermore, the breeding method provided by the invention can improve the yield and the survival rate of the Ruditapes philippinarum by screening sea areas, controlling the breeding density and determining the time for starting breeding, and the harvested Ruditapes philippinarum has better shell length, shell width, shell height, fresh weight, soft body weight and growth speed in summer than bottom-sowed Ruditapes philippinarum.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A buoyant raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam No. 2' is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting a Ruditapes philippinarum 'Mactra No. 2' with the specification of 240-400 grains/kg and the shell length of 2.2-2.9cm as seedlings; the traits of the offspring seeds comprise: the shell surface has uniform zebra patterns, the background color of the shell surface is grey white, the proportion of the pattern pitch of the shell surface to the shell length is 1/30 to 1/54, and northern groups can bear the low temperature of minus 5 ℃ of the beach in winter;
the domestication method of the Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam No. 2' comprises the following steps:
a) Breeding first-grade Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings indoors; the parent shell for indoor breeding of first-grade Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings is northern native wild Ruditapes philippinarum; the shell length of the Ruditapes philippinarum first-class seedlings is 2-3mm;
b) Filling the first-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings into net bags hung on floating rafts in sea areas for cultivation to obtain second-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings; the seed shell length of the second-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings is 0.7 to 1cm;
c) Transferring the second-level fingerlings of the Ruditapes philippinarum to a pond for cultivation to obtain third-level fingerlings with mature gonads; the length of the third-stage seedling seed case is 2.2cm-2.9cm;
d) Transferring the third-level seedlings to the indoor environment, and artificially hastening parturition to obtain fourth-level seedlings of Ruditapes philippinarum;
e) Repeating the steps a) to d) on the fourth-level Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings, and continuously cultivating for three generations to obtain Ruditapes philippinarum 'zebra clam No. 2';
(2) Putting the seedlings into a multi-layer net cage hung on a floating raft in a sea area for breeding; the arrangement of the buoyant raft comprises: connecting a buoy on the buoy stem, and arranging a buoyant raft by adopting a vertical method;
the length of the air stem is 100 to 150m; the effective hanging cage length of the air peduncle is 80 to 100m;
the row spacing of the air peduncles is 15 to 20m;
the number of the layers of the multilayer net cage is 18 to 25; the packing density of the seedlings is 150 to 200 granules per layer.
2. The buoyant raft culture method of claim 1, wherein the number of the suspension cages of the buoyant raft is 60 to 100 per raft.
3. The buoyant raft culture method of claim 1, wherein the screening of the sea area comprises: selecting a sea area with salinity of 20-33, a temperature variation range of 0-28 ℃, a pH variation range of 8.0-8.5, a chlorophyll content of 3.92-5.14 mug/L, a diatom door as a dominant species, smooth sea current, flat terrain and no industrial pollution.
4. The buoyant raft culture method of claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the ocean current is 20 to 100cm/s.
5. The raft culture method of claim 1, wherein said culture of step (2) comprises: and replacing the multi-layer net cage once in the culture period of 6 to 7 months, and removing attachments inside and outside the net cage.
6. The raft culture method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the starting time of the culture is 9 to 10 months.
7. The buoyant raft culture method of claim 6, wherein the culture process further comprises harvesting, and the harvest standard is 80-160 grains/kg.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011621996.XA CN112806288B (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Floating raft culture method of Ruditapes philippinarum' zebra clam No. 2 |
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| CN107372241A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-24 | 大连宝发海珍品有限公司 | A kind of mottle clam cultural method |
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| CN103688884A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-02 | 大连海洋大学 | Raft type breeding suspending cage for patinopecten yessoensis |
| CN104996333A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-28 | 中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站 | Novel shallow sea suspension cage culture method of Arca inflata Reeve |
| CN107372241A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-24 | 大连宝发海珍品有限公司 | A kind of mottle clam cultural method |
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