CN112803084A - High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof - Google Patents

High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN112803084A
CN112803084A CN202110168754.8A CN202110168754A CN112803084A CN 112803084 A CN112803084 A CN 112803084A CN 202110168754 A CN202110168754 A CN 202110168754A CN 112803084 A CN112803084 A CN 112803084A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
chamber
exchange membrane
positive
ion exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202110168754.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周申
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningbo xixiangshi new energy Co.,Ltd.
Original Assignee
周申
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 周申 filed Critical 周申
Priority to CN202110168754.8A priority Critical patent/CN112803084A/en
Publication of CN112803084A publication Critical patent/CN112803084A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery equipment, in particular to a high-energy-density charge-discharge battery and a charge-discharge method thereof, wherein the charge-discharge battery comprises a negative electrode, a first positive electrode, a first electrolyte chamber, a second electrolyte chamber and an electrolyte buffering mechanism; one end of the negative electrode is arranged in the first electrolyte chamber, and one end of the first positive electrode is arranged in the second electrolyte chamber; the first electrolyte chamber, the buffer electrolyte mechanism and the second electrolyte chamber are sequentially connected, a negative ion exchange membrane or a positive ion exchange membrane is arranged between the first electrolyte chamber and the buffer electrolyte mechanism, and a positive ion exchange membrane or a negative ion exchange membrane is arranged between the buffer electrolyte mechanism and the second electrolyte chamber. The charge-discharge battery of the invention enlarges the selection range of the anode and cathode materials, reduces the cost of the battery electrode, improves the energy density of the rechargeable battery and prolongs the service life of the rechargeable battery.

Description

High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equipment, in particular to a high-energy-density charge-discharge battery and a charge-discharge method thereof.
Background
The existing high-energy-density rechargeable battery technology adopts a structure of one diaphragm and two electrolyte chambers, a negative electrode and a positive electrode are separated by one diaphragm in each electrolyte chamber, the electrolyte chamber structure causes that the battery quality is increased and the energy density is reduced due to the fact that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are greatly limited when materials are selected, and the service life of the rechargeable battery is greatly reduced due to the limitation of the electrode materials.
The most common high-energy battery on the market is a lithium ion battery, which is a battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and taking lithium metal or lithium alloy as a negative electrode material, and the highest energy density of the battery is about 250 wh/kg. The lithium battery has a series of advantages, such as high and low temperature adaptability, very low self-discharge rate, high rated voltage, environmental protection, no matter production, use and scrapping, no toxic and harmful heavy metal elements and substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium and the like are contained or generated, so that the current lithium battery becomes the mainstream.
However, one limitation of lithium ion batteries is that the positive electrode material is mainly composed of metal oxides of cobalt, manganese, nickel, etc., which have large mass, high cost, and short life. Therefore, the positive electrode material has been one of the factors that restrict the energy density of lithium ion batteries.
Therefore, how to increase the capacity density of the lithium battery and expand the selectivity of the cathode material is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a high-energy-density charge-discharge battery, which enlarges the selection range of a negative electrode material and a positive electrode material and reduces the cost of a battery electrode;
a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for charging and discharging a high energy density charge and discharge battery, which can improve the energy density of the charge and discharge battery and prolong the life of the charge and discharge battery.
The invention provides a high-energy-density charge-discharge battery, which comprises a negative electrode, a first positive electrode, a first electrolyte chamber, a second electrolyte chamber and an electrolyte buffering mechanism, wherein the negative electrode is arranged on the first positive electrode;
one end of the negative electrode is arranged in the first electrolyte chamber, and one end of the first positive electrode is arranged in the second electrolyte chamber;
the first electrolyte chamber, the buffer electrolyte mechanism and the second electrolyte chamber are sequentially connected, a negative ion exchange membrane or a positive ion exchange membrane is arranged between the first electrolyte chamber and the buffer electrolyte mechanism, and a positive ion exchange membrane or a negative ion exchange membrane is arranged between the buffer electrolyte mechanism and the second electrolyte chamber.
Further, the buffer electrolyte mechanism comprises a plurality of buffer electrolyte chambers which are connected in series in sequence;
a positive ion exchange membrane or a negative ion exchange membrane is arranged between each buffer electrolyte chamber;
a negative ion exchange membrane or a positive ion exchange membrane is arranged between the first buffer electrolyte chamber and the first electrolyte chamber;
and a positive ion exchange membrane or a negative ion exchange membrane is arranged between the last buffer electrolyte chamber and the second electrolyte chamber.
Further, the electrolyte buffering mechanism further comprises a hydrolysis neutralization chamber, and a second anode is arranged in the hydrolysis neutralization chamber;
the last buffer electrolyte chamber is connected with the hydrolysis neutralization chamber, and a positive ion exchange membrane is arranged between the last buffer electrolyte chamber and the hydrolysis neutralization chamber;
and a negative ion exchange membrane is arranged between the hydrolysis neutralization chamber and the second electrolysis chamber.
Further, the electrolyte in each of said buffer electrolyte chambers is ionizable to produce H+An acidic solution of (a);
preferably any one or more of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride.
Further, the electrolyte in the second electrolyte chamber is an alkaline metal solution.
Further, the material of the negative electrode is any one of lithium metal, sodium metal, magnesium metal, aluminum metal, silicon metal, potassium metal, calcium metal or zinc metal.
Further, the material of the first positive electrode and the second positive electrode is any one of oxygen, bromine, or sulfur.
The invention also discloses a charging and discharging method of the charging and discharging battery, which comprises a discharging process and a charging process, wherein H is used in the discharging process+Instead of combining metal ions released from the negative electrode with the positive electrode material, a buffer electrolyte mechanism is used to prevent H during charging+Migrating to the first electrolytic chamber.
Further, the discharging process includes: electrons flow from the negative electrode to the first positive electrode, and the negative electrode material in the first electrolytic chamber loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode in the second electrolytic chamber obtains electrons and combines with H+Combining;
wherein the first negative ions enter the first electrolytic chamber through the negative ion exchange membrane, H+The positive ion enters a second electrolytic chamber through a positive ion exchange membrane to replace the combination of the first positive ion and the material of the first positive electrode;
the charging process comprises the following steps: electrons flow from the first positive electrode to the negative electrode, and molecules in the second electrolytic chamber lose H obtained by decomposition of electrons+First positive ions and first negative ions obtained by ionization of electrolyte in the first electrolytic chamber;
wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber through the positive ion exchange membrane and the negative ion exchange membrane respectively and are combined.
Further, the discharging process includes: electrons flow from the negative electrode to the first positive electrode, and the negative electrode material in the first electrolytic chamber loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first anode in the second electrolytic chamber obtains electrons to generate OH-；
Wherein H+And OH-The first negative ions enter the first electrolysis chamber through the negative ion exchange membrane to be combined with the first positive ions;
the charging process comprises the following steps: electrons flow from the second anode to the cathode, and molecules in the hydrolysis neutralization chamber lose electrons to obtain H+(ii) a Ionizing electrolyte in the first electrolytic chamber to obtain first positive ions and first negative ions;
wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons to become a negative electrodeMaterial, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber through the positive ion exchange membrane and the negative ion exchange membrane respectively and are combined.
Compared with the prior art, the high-energy-density charge-discharge battery has the following advantages:
the high-energy-density charge-discharge battery comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a first electrolyte chamber, a second electrolyte chamber and a buffer electrolyte mechanism, wherein the first electrolyte chamber, the buffer electrolyte mechanism and the second electrolyte chamber are sequentially connected, and a negative ion exchange membrane arranged between the first electrolyte chamber and the buffer electrolyte mechanism only allows negative ions to pass through; and a positive ion exchange membrane or a negative ion exchange membrane is arranged between the buffer electrolyte mechanism and the second electrolyte chamber and can allow negative ions or positive ions to pass through. In the discharging process of the charge-discharge battery, electrons flow from the negative electrode to the first positive electrode, the negative electrode material in the first electrolyte chamber loses electrons to obtain first positive ions, and the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode in the second electrolytic chamber obtains electrons and combines with H+Combining; wherein the first negative ions enter the first electrolytic chamber through the negative ion exchange membrane, H+Enters the second electrolytic chamber through the positive ion exchange membrane to replace the combination of the first positive ions and the material of the first positive electrode. Thus, H is utilized in the discharge process+The first positive ions are replaced to be combined with the material of the first positive electrode, so that the first positive ions generated by the negative electrode are effectively prevented from migrating to the surface of the material of the first positive electrode. During charging, electrons flow from the first positive electrode to the negative electrode, and molecules in the second electrolytic chamber lose H obtained by decomposition of electrons+First positive ions and first negative ions obtained by ionization of electrolyte in the first electrolytic chamber; wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber through the positive ion exchange membrane and the negative ion exchange membrane respectively and are combined. Therefore, the H generated by the second electrolytic chamber is skillfully utilized in the charging process+The first positive ions generated instead of the negative electrode material are combined with the first positive electrode material into new molecules, and the first positive ions are prevented from H by using the buffer electrolyte chamber+Mixing, and thereby preventing chargingThe electrical process produces undesirable negative electrode materials. In summary, the charge-discharge battery of the present invention avoids the metal ions generated by the negative electrode directly binding with the positive electrode material, and uses the second positive ion H+The composite material is combined with a positive electrode material, so that the selection range of the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material is expanded, the electrode cost of the battery is reduced, the energy density of the rechargeable battery is improved, and the service life of the rechargeable battery is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a high energy density charge-discharge battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high energy density rechargeable battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the discharge process of the high energy density charge-discharge battery of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the charging process of the high energy density charge-discharge battery according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1: a negative electrode; 2: a first positive electrode; 3: a second positive electrode; 4: a first electrolyte chamber; 5: a second electrolyte chamber; 6: a buffer electrolyte mechanism; 7: a buffer electrolyte chamber; 8: a negative ion exchange membrane; 9: a positive ion exchange membrane; 10: hydrolysis neutralization chamber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a high energy density charge-discharge battery comprising a negative electrode 1, a first positive electrode 2, a first electrolyte chamber 4, a second electrolyte chamber 5, and a buffer electrolyte mechanism 6; one end of the negative electrode 1 is placed in the first electrolyte chamber 4, and one end of the first positive electrode 2 is placed in the second electrolyte chamber 5; the first electrolyte chamber 4, the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6 and the second electrolyte chamber 5 are connected in sequence, a negative ion exchange membrane 8 or a positive ion exchange membrane 9 is arranged between the first electrolyte chamber 4 and the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6, and a positive ion exchange membrane 9 or a negative ion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6 and the second electrolyte chamber 5.
In the prior art, a high-energy-density charge-discharge battery generally adopts a structure of one diaphragm and two electrolyte chambers, a negative electrode and a positive electrode are separated by one diaphragm in each electrolyte chamber, the electrolyte chamber structure causes the mass of the battery to be increased and the energy density to be reduced due to great limitation when selecting materials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the service life of the charge battery is greatly reduced due to the limitation of electrode materials. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a high-energy-density charge-discharge battery, which comprises a negative electrode 1, a first positive electrode 2, a first electrolyte chamber 4, a second electrolyte chamber 5 and a buffer electrolyte mechanism 6, wherein the first electrolyte chamber 4, the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6 and the second electrolyte chamber 5 are sequentially connected, and a negative ion exchange membrane 8 or a positive ion exchange membrane 9 is arranged between the first electrolyte chamber 4 and the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6; a positive ion exchange membrane 9 or a negative ion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6 and the second electrolyte chamber 5. In the discharging process of the charge-discharge battery, electrons flow from the negative electrode 1 to the first positive electrode 2, the negative electrode material in the first electrolyte chamber 4 loses electrons to obtain first positive ions, and the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode 2 in the second electrolyte chamber 5 gets electrons and combines with H+Combining; wherein, the first negative ions enter the first electrolyte chamber 4 through the negative ion exchange membrane 8, H+Enters the second electrolyte chamber 5 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 to replace the combination of the first positive ions and the material of the first positive electrode, so that H is utilized in the discharging process+The combination of the first positive ions and the material of the first positive electrode is replaced, so that the first positive ions generated by the negative electrode 1 are effectively prevented from migrating to the surface of the material of the first positive electrode 2. While during charging, electrons flow from the first positive electrode 2 to the negative electrode 1, and molecules in the second electrolyte chamber 5 lose H obtained by electron decomposition+First positive ions and first negative ions obtained by ionization of the electrolytic solution in the first electrolytic solution chamber 4; wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 and the negative ion exchange membrane 8, respectively, and are combined, therefore, inH generated by the second electrolyte chamber 5 is skillfully utilized in the charging process+The first positive ions generated instead of the negative electrode material are combined with the first positive electrode 2 material into new molecules, and the first positive ions are prevented from H by the buffer electrolyte chamber 7+Mixing and thereby preventing the generation of unwanted negative electrode material during charging. The charging and discharging battery of the invention avoids the metal ions generated by the cathode 1 from being directly combined with the anode material, and uses the second positive ions H+The composite material is combined with a positive electrode material, so that the selection range of the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material is expanded, the electrode cost of the battery is reduced, the energy density of the charge-discharge battery is improved, and the service life of the charge-discharge battery is prolonged.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6 further comprises a plurality of buffer electrolyte chambers 7 which are sequentially connected in series; a positive ion exchange membrane 9 or a negative ion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between each buffer electrolyte chamber 7; a negative ion exchange membrane 8 or a positive ion exchange membrane 9 is arranged between the first buffer electrolyte chamber 7 and the first electrolyte chamber 4; a positive ion exchange membrane 9 or a negative ion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between the last buffer electrolyte chamber 7 and the second electrolyte chamber 5.
The buffer electrolyte mechanism 6 specifically comprises a plurality of buffer electrolyte chambers 7 which are sequentially connected in series, and a positive ion exchange membrane 9 or a negative ion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between each buffer electrolyte chamber 7, namely positive ions or negative ions can pass through; an anion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between the first buffer electrolyte chamber 7 and the first electrolyte chamber 4, so that the migration of metal ions generated by the negative electrode material of the first electrolyte chamber 4 is effectively avoided; a positive ion exchange membrane 9 is arranged between the last buffer electrolyte chamber 7 and the second electrolyte chamber 5, so that second positive ions H generated by the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 or the second electrolyte chamber 5+Free movement between the last buffer electrolyte chamber 7 and the second electrolyte chamber 5 is achieved, thereby utilizing the second positive ions H+The metal ions generated instead of the negative electrode material are combined with the first positive electrode 2 material.
In the present invention, different electrolytes may be provided in the plurality of buffer electrolyte chambers 7 according to specific use requirements, that is, different electrolytesCan be ionized to produce metal ions different from the anode material, and migration of the ions is achieved by providing different types of battery separators between the adjacent buffer electrolyte chambers 7, and finally still as H+The metal ions generated instead of the negative electrode material are combined with the positive electrode material.
On the basis of the above technical solution, it is further preferable that the buffered electrolyte mechanism 6 further includes a hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10, and a second positive electrode 3 is disposed in the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10; the last buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is connected with the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10, and a positive ion exchange membrane 9 is arranged between the last buffer electrolyte chamber and the hydrolysis neutralization chamber; an anion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10 and the second electrolyte chamber 5.
Specifically, the electrolyte buffering mechanism 6 further comprises a hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10 in which a second anode 3 is arranged, and electrons flow from the cathode 1 to the first anode 2 in the discharging process; during the charging process, electrons flow from the second positive electrode 3 to the negative electrode 1. The last buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is connected to a hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10 with a positive ion exchange membrane 9 interposed therebetween, thereby buffering H generated in the electrolyte chamber 7+Freely movable to the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10; and a negative ion exchange membrane 8 is arranged between the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10 and the second electrolyte chamber 5, namely, negative ions in the first electrolyte chamber 4 can freely migrate to the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10.
On the basis of the above preferred technical solution, further, the electrolyte in each buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is ionizable to produce H+An acidic solution of (a); preferably any one or more of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride.
Alternatively, the electrolyte in each buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is ionizable to generate H+And preferably any one or more of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride. Further, the electrolytic solution in the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 may be a solution that can ionize the metal ions of the non-negative electrode 1.
In addition to the above-described preferred embodiment, it is further preferred that the electrolyte in the second electrolyte chamber 5 is an alkali metal solution.
In particular toThe electrolyte in the second electrolyte chamber 5 is alkaline metal solution, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc. capable of ionizing to OH—The solution of (1).
On the basis of the above preferred technical solution, more preferably, the material of the negative electrode 1 is any one of lithium metal, sodium metal, magnesium metal, aluminum metal, silicon metal, potassium metal, calcium metal, or zinc metal; the materials of the first positive electrode 2 and the second positive electrode 3 are any one of oxygen, bromine or sulfur.
Specifically, the material of the negative electrode 1 in the present invention is any one of lithium metal, sodium metal, magnesium metal, aluminum metal, silicon metal, potassium metal, calcium metal, or zinc metal. The material of the first positive electrode 2 and the second positive electrode 3 is any one of oxygen, bromine, or sulfur.
The invention also discloses a charging and discharging method of the charging and discharging battery, which comprises a discharging process and a charging process, wherein H is used in the discharging process+Instead of combining the metal ions released from the negative electrode with the positive electrode material, H is prevented by the buffer electrolyte mechanism 6 during charging+Migrating to the first electrolytic chamber.
The charging and discharging method of the charging and discharging battery effectively avoids the situation that metal ions generated by the negative electrode 1 are directly combined with the positive electrode material, and the second positive ion H is used+The composite material is combined with a positive electrode material, so that the selection range of the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material is expanded, the electrode cost of the battery is reduced, the energy density of the charge-discharge battery is improved, and the service life of the charge-discharge battery is prolonged.
On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the discharging process includes: electrons flow from the anode 1 to the first cathode 2, and the anode material in the first electrolyte chamber 4 loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode 2 in the second electrolyte chamber 5 gets electrons and combines with H+Combining; wherein, the first negative ions enter the first electrolyte chamber 4 through the negative ion exchange membrane 8, H+Enters the second electrolyte chamber 5 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 to replace the combination of the first positive ions and the material of the first positive electrode 2;
the charging process comprises the following steps: electrons flow from the first positive electrode 2 to the negative electrode 1, and molecules in the second electrolyte chamber 5 lose H obtained by electron decomposition+First positive ions and first negative ions obtained by ionization of the electrolytic solution in the first electrolytic solution chamber 4; wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 and the negative ion exchange membrane 8, respectively, and are combined.
In this charge and discharge method, electrons flow from the negative electrode 1 to the first positive electrode 2 in a discharge process, and the reaction in the first electrolyte chamber 4 is:
O2+4H++4e-＝2H2O+1.20V
the negative electrode material in the first electrolyte chamber 4 loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode 2 in the second electrolyte chamber 5 gets electrons and combines with H+Combining; wherein, the first negative ions enter the first electrolyte chamber 4 through the negative ion exchange membrane 8, H+Enters the second electrolyte chamber 5 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 to replace the combination of the first positive ions and the material of the first positive electrode 2.
The electrons flow from the first positive electrode 2 to the negative electrode 1 during charging, and the molecules in the second electrolyte chamber 5 lose H obtained by electron decomposition+The electrolyte in the first electrolyte chamber 4 is ionized to obtain first positive ions and first negative ions; wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 and the negative ion exchange membrane 8, respectively, and are combined.
On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the discharging process includes: electrons flow from the negative electrode 1 to the first positive electrode 2, and the negative electrode material in the first electrolyte chamber 4 loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode 2 in the second electrolyte chamber 5 is given electrons to produce OH-(ii) a Wherein H+And OH-Respectively enters a hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10 through a positive ion exchange membrane 9 and a negative ion exchange membrane 8 to generate water moleculesA negative ion enters the first electrolyte chamber 4 through the negative ion exchange membrane 8 to be combined with the first positive ion;
the charging process comprises the following steps: electrons flow from the second anode 3 to the cathode 1, and molecules in the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10 lose electrons to obtain H+(ii) a Ionizing the electrolyte in the first electrolyte chamber 4 to obtain first positive ions and first negative ions; wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 and the negative ion exchange membrane 8, respectively, and are combined.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, in this charge and discharge method, electrons flow from the negative electrode 1 to the first positive electrode 2 in the discharge process, and the reaction in the first electrolyte chamber 4 is:
O2+H2O+4e-＝4OH-+0.40V
the negative electrode 1 material in the first electrolyte chamber 4 loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode 2 in the second electrolyte chamber 5 is given electrons to produce OH-(ii) a Wherein H+And OH-The first negative ions enter the first electrolyte chamber 4 through the negative ion exchange membrane 8 to be combined with the first positive ions.
During charging, electrons flow from the second anode 3 to the cathode 1, and molecules in the hydrolysis neutralization chamber 10 lose electrons to obtain H+(ii) a Ionizing the electrolyte in the first electrolyte chamber 4 to obtain first positive ions and first negative ions; wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 through the positive ion exchange membrane 9 and the negative ion exchange membrane 8, respectively, and are combined.
Example 1
The material of the negative electrode 1 is lithium metal, the material of the first positive electrode 2 is oxygen, the first positive ions are lithium ions, and the second positive ions are H+。
In the discharge process, oxygen molecules of the material of the first positive electrode 2 accept electrons and react with water to generate OH-，H+From the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 into the secondElectrolyte chamber 5 with OH-The combination generates water molecules.
O2+H2O+4e-＝4OH-+0.40V
In the lithium-air battery in the prior art, lithium ions and oxygen are directly combined to generate lithium oxide, and the lithium oxide is very unstable, so that the charging efficiency of a positive electrode material during charging is low, and the service life of the positive electrode material is short. The charging and discharging battery of the present invention completely solves the problem. In addition, the metal-air battery in the prior art can react with carbon dioxide in the air to generate carbonate ions, and further generate metal carbonate compounds to prevent the reaction from continuing, and in the design of the invention, the metal ions and the carbonate ions are separated by the battery diaphragm, so that the generation of the metal carbonate compounds is avoided.
During the discharge, the following reaction may also occur in the second electrolyte chamber 5:
O2+4H++4e-＝2H2O+1.20V
h + enters the second electrolyte chamber 5 from the buffer electrolyte chamber 7 and reacts with oxygen and electrons to generate water molecules.
Example 2
The material of the negative electrode 1 was sodium metal, and the material of the first positive electrode 2 was oxygen, and the other examples were the same as example 1.
Example 3
The material of the negative electrode 1 was magnesium metal, and the material of the first positive electrode 2 was oxygen, and the other examples were the same as example 1.
Example 4
The material of the negative electrode 1 was aluminum metal, and the material of the first positive electrode 2 was oxygen, and the other examples are the same as example 1.
Example 5
The material of the negative electrode 1 was silicon metal, the material of the first positive electrode 2 was oxygen, and the other examples were the same as example 1.
Example 6
The material of the negative electrode 1 was zinc metal, and the material of the first positive electrode 2 was oxygen, and the other examples are the same as example 1.
Example 7
The material of the negative electrode 1 was lithium metal, and the material of the first positive electrode 2 was bromine molecules, as in example 1.
In order to verify the charging and discharging effects of the novel charging and discharging battery, the energy density of the charging and discharging batteries designed in examples 1-7 was tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 examples 1-7 energy densities of designed charge and discharge batteries
Figure BDA0002938227400000131
As can be seen from table 1, the energy densities of the charge and discharge batteries prepared in examples 1 to 7 of the present invention were all greatly improved. Therefore, the charge-discharge battery of the invention expands the selection range of the cathode material and the anode material, reduces the cost of the battery electrode, improves the energy density of the charge battery and prolongs the service life of the battery.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high energy density charge-discharge battery, characterized by comprising a negative electrode (1), a first positive electrode (2), a first electrolyte chamber (4), a second electrolyte chamber (5) and a buffer electrolyte mechanism (6);
one end of the negative electrode (1) is arranged in the first electrolyte chamber (4), and one end of the first positive electrode (2) is arranged in the second electrolyte chamber (5);
the first electrolyte chamber (4), the buffer electrolyte mechanism (6) and the second electrolyte chamber (5) are sequentially connected, a negative ion exchange membrane (8) or a positive ion exchange membrane (9) is arranged between the first electrolyte chamber (4) and the buffer electrolyte mechanism (6), and a positive ion exchange membrane (9) or a negative ion exchange membrane (8) is arranged between the buffer electrolyte mechanism (6) and the second electrolyte chamber (5).
2. The charge-discharge battery according to claim 1, wherein the buffer electrolyte mechanism (6) includes a plurality of buffer electrolyte chambers (7) connected in series in sequence;
a positive ion exchange membrane (9) or a negative ion exchange membrane (8) is arranged between each buffer electrolyte chamber (7);
a negative ion exchange membrane (8) or a positive ion exchange membrane (9) is arranged between the first buffer electrolyte chamber (7) and the first electrolyte chamber (4);
a positive ion exchange membrane (9) or a negative ion exchange membrane (8) is arranged between the last buffer electrolyte chamber (7) and the second electrolyte chamber (5).
3. The charge-discharge battery according to claim 2, wherein the buffer electrolyte mechanism (6) further comprises a hydrolysis neutralization chamber (10), and a second positive electrode (3) is provided in the hydrolysis neutralization chamber (10);
the last buffer electrolyte chamber (7) is connected with the hydrolysis neutralization chamber (10), and a positive ion exchange membrane (9) is arranged between the last buffer electrolyte chamber and the hydrolysis neutralization chamber;
an anion exchange membrane (8) is arranged between the hydrolysis neutralization chamber (10) and the second electrolyte chamber (5).
4. The charge-discharge battery according to claim 2, wherein the electrolyte in each of said buffer electrolyte chambers (7) is ionizable to emit H+An acidic solution of (a);
preferably any one or more of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride.
5. The charge-discharge battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution in the second electrolytic solution chamber (5) is an alkaline metal solution.
6. The charge-discharge battery according to claim 1, wherein the material of the negative electrode (1) is any one of lithium metal, sodium metal, magnesium metal, aluminum metal, silicon metal, potassium metal, calcium metal, or zinc metal.
7. The charge-discharge battery according to claim 3, wherein the material of the first positive electrode (2) and the second positive electrode (3) is any one of oxygen, bromine, or sulfur.
8. The method for charging and discharging a charge and discharge battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a discharge process and a charge process, wherein H is used in the discharge process+Instead of combining the metal ions released from the negative electrode with the positive electrode material, a buffer electrolyte mechanism (6) is used to prevent H during charging+Migrating to the first electrolytic chamber.
9. The charging and discharging method according to claim 8, wherein the discharging process comprises: electrons flow from the negative electrode (1) to the first positive electrode (2), and the negative electrode (1) material in the first electrolyte chamber (4) loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber (7) is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode (2) in the second electrolyte chamber (5) gets electrons and reacts with H+Combining;
wherein the first negative ions enter the first electrolyte chamber (4) through the negative ion exchange membrane (8), H+Enters a second electrolyte chamber (5) through a positive ion exchange membrane (9) to replace the combination of the first positive ions and the material of the first positive electrode (2);
the charging process comprises the following steps: electrons flow from the first positive electrode (2) to the negative electrode (1), and H is obtained by decomposition of molecules in the second electrolyte chamber (5) without losing electrons+First positive ions and first negative ions obtained by ionization of the electrolyte in the first electrolyte chamber (4);
wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode (1) material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber (7) through the positive ion exchange membrane (9) and the negative ion exchange membrane (8) respectively and are combined.
10. The charging and discharging method according to claim 8, wherein the discharging process comprises: electrons flow from the negative electrode (1) to the first positive electrode (2), and the negative electrode (1) material in the first electrolyte chamber (4) loses electrons to obtain first positive ions; the electrolyte in the buffer electrolyte chamber (7) is ionized to obtain first negative ions and H+(ii) a The material of the first positive electrode (2) in the second electrolyte chamber (5) is given electrons to generate OH-；
Wherein H+And OH-The water enters a hydrolysis neutralization chamber (10) through a positive ion exchange membrane (9) and a negative ion exchange membrane (8) to generate water molecules, and first negative ions enter a first electrolyte chamber (4) through the negative ion exchange membrane (8) to be combined with first positive ions;
the charging process comprises the following steps: electrons flow from the second anode (3) to the cathode (1), and molecules in the hydrolysis neutralization chamber (10) lose electrons to obtain H+(ii) a Ionizing the electrolyte in the first electrolyte chamber (4) to obtain first positive ions and first negative ions;
wherein the first positive ion accepts electrons as a negative electrode (1) material, H+And the first negative ions enter the buffer electrolyte chamber (7) through the positive ion exchange membrane (9) and the negative ion exchange membrane (8) respectively and are combined.
CN202110168754.8A 2021-02-07 2021-02-07 High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof Pending CN112803084A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110168754.8A CN112803084A (en) 2021-02-07 2021-02-07 High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110168754.8A CN112803084A (en) 2021-02-07 2021-02-07 High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112803084A true CN112803084A (en) 2021-05-14

Family

ID=75814663

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110168754.8A Pending CN112803084A (en) 2021-02-07 2021-02-07 High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112803084A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114050358A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-02-15 清远道动新材料科技有限公司 Three-chamber concentration aluminum-air battery system
CN114204166A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-18 清远道动新材料科技有限公司 Metal-air battery

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114050358A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-02-15 清远道动新材料科技有限公司 Three-chamber concentration aluminum-air battery system
CN114204166A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-18 清远道动新材料科技有限公司 Metal-air battery
CN114204166B (en) * 2021-12-09 2024-01-09 清远道童新能源有限公司 Metal air battery
CN114050358B (en) * 2021-12-09 2024-04-19 清远道童新能源有限公司 Three-chamber concentration difference aluminum air battery system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6354912B2 (en) Lead acid battery
Chakkaravarthy et al. Zinc—air alkaline batteries—A review
JP6354913B2 (en) Lead acid battery
EP0039557B1 (en) Electrochemical cell
US10411286B2 (en) Alkali/oxidant battery
CN103460499A (en) Molten salt battery
JP6570510B2 (en) Low temperature battery with molten sodium-FSA electrolyte
US4076909A (en) Alkaline lead battery
CN112803084A (en) High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof
JP2015515723A (en) Batteries having non-polar alkali metal ion conducting honeycomb structure separator
KR20130043308A (en) Secondary battery
JP6570509B2 (en) Low temperature secondary battery with sodium insertion electrode
WO2015079689A1 (en) High capacity alkali/oxidant battery
CN108933295A (en) Sodium-air battery comprising high concentration electrolyte
US20140038000A1 (en) Flow-Through Metal Battery with Ion Exchange Membrane
JP3510582B2 (en) 3D battery
CN214672733U (en) High-energy-density charge-discharge battery
JP2014517460A (en) Alkali metal ion battery using alkali metal conductive ceramic separator
US10991951B2 (en) Cathode, metal-air battery including the cathode, and method of manufacturing the cathode
JP2015513179A (en) Electrochemical energy storage device or energy conversion device with galvanic cell having an electrochemical half-cell with a suspension of fullerene and ionic liquid
JP7060858B2 (en) Judgment method of liquid reduction performance of lead-acid battery, and lead-acid battery and its charging method
WO2023033113A1 (en) Battery having electronic conduction function via electric double layer capacitor
WO1980002472A1 (en) Electric storage batteries
JPH11195410A (en) Lithium secondary battery
US20230124299A1 (en) Metal/carbon-dioxide battery and hydrogen production and carbon dioxide storage system comprising same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
TA01 Transfer of patent application right

Effective date of registration: 20210608

Address after: 315100 Room 501, 5th floor, building 2, Lane 218, Qingyi Road, high tech Zone, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Applicant after: Ningbo xixiangshi new energy Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 315100 building 86, Qianhu Renjia community, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Applicant before: Zhou Shen

TA01 Transfer of patent application right