CN114204166B - Metal air battery - Google Patents
Metal air battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114204166B CN114204166B CN202111497283.1A CN202111497283A CN114204166B CN 114204166 B CN114204166 B CN 114204166B CN 202111497283 A CN202111497283 A CN 202111497283A CN 114204166 B CN114204166 B CN 114204166B
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- electrolyte
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- metal
- exchange membrane
- electrode
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026058 directional locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a metal-air battery, which comprises a shell, a metal electrode and an air electrode, wherein an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane are sequentially arranged in an inner cavity of the shell at intervals from left to right, the inner cavity of the shell is divided into a first accommodating cavity, a second accommodating cavity and a third accommodating cavity by the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane, and a first electrolyte and the metal electrode are arranged in the first accommodating cavity; the second accommodating cavity is internally provided with a second electrolyte, the third accommodating cavity is internally provided with a third electrolyte and an air electrode, and the concentration of the second electrolyte is higher than that of the first electrolyte and that of the third electrolyte, so that anions in the second electrolyte flow into the first accommodating cavity through the anion exchange membrane; and the cations in the second electrolyte flow into the third accommodating cavity through the cation exchange membrane, so that hydroxide ions in the air electrode are prevented from entering the metal electrode, and the generation of metal compound precipitation is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a metal-air battery.
Background
The metal-air battery is a special fuel battery which takes metal as fuel and generates electric energy through oxidation-reduction reaction with oxygen in the air. The metal-air battery takes metal as a negative electrode, takes oxygen in air as a positive electrode, and generates electrochemical reaction under the combined action of electrolyte and a catalyst to form current for discharging, so that the metal-air battery has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, high energy density and the like, and has good development and application prospects. The metal air battery is made of abundant raw materials, and the metal air battery commonly used at present mainly comprises an aluminum air battery, a magnesium air battery and a zinc air battery. Compared with lead storage batteries, lithium batteries and the like, the metal-air battery has obvious cost and cruising advantages when being applied to the long-time cruising power supply field of electric automobiles and underwater vehicles. Compared with lithium batteries and the like, the metal-air battery has higher safety and sustainable advantages in the small-power supply fields of portable power sources, electronic equipment and the like
When the metal-air battery is discharged, the metal electrode serving as the negative electrode loses electrons to generate metal cations, the air electrode serving as the positive electrode obtains electrons to generate hydroxyl anions, the hydroxyl anions and the metal cations are combined into a metal compound which is indissolvable in water in electrolyte, the metal compound which is indissolvable in water is precipitated in the electrolyte, so that the internal resistance of the electrolyte is increased, the loss of electric energy in the battery is increased, and the energy conversion efficiency of the metal-air battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the existing metal-air battery can generate precipitation of water inflow compounds during discharging, so that the internal resistance of electrolyte is increased, and the energy conversion efficiency of the empty metal-air battery is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a metal-air battery, which comprises a shell, a metal electrode and an air electrode, wherein an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane are sequentially arranged in an inner cavity of the shell at intervals from left to right in a sealing manner, and the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane divide the inner cavity of the shell into a first accommodating cavity, a second accommodating cavity and a third accommodating cavity which are sequentially arranged from left to right; a first electrolyte is arranged in the first accommodating cavity, and the metal electrode is arranged in the first electrolyte; the second accommodating cavity is internally provided with a second electrolyte, the third accommodating cavity is internally provided with a third electrolyte, and the air electrode is arranged in the third electrolyte;
the concentration of the second electrolyte is higher than the concentration of the first electrolyte and the concentration of the third electrolyte, so that anions in the second electrolyte flow into the first accommodating cavity through the anion exchange membrane; and causing cations in the second electrolyte to flow into the third accommodation chamber through the cation exchange membrane.
Preferably, the second electrolyte is a saturated solution or a supersaturated solution.
As a preferred scheme, the shell is further provided with a fourth accommodating cavity, the fourth accommodating cavity is arranged below the second accommodating cavity, the second accommodating cavity is communicated with the fourth accommodating cavity, and solute of the second electrolyte is arranged in the fourth accommodating cavity.
Preferably, a filter plate is arranged between the fourth accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity in a sealing manner.
Preferably, the air electrode is plate-shaped, the housing comprises a quadrilateral base plate, a first wall plate arranged on the front side of the base plate, a second wall plate arranged on the rear side of the base plate, and a third wall plate arranged on the left side of the base plate, and the air electrode is arranged on the right side of the base plate; the bottom plate, the first wall plate, the second wall plate, the third wall plate and the air electrode are enclosed into an inner cavity of the shell.
Preferably, the solute of the second electrolyte comprises one or more of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate.
Preferably, the solute of the first electrolyte comprises one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.
Preferably, the solute of the third electrolyte comprises one or more of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate.
Preferably, the metal electrode is made of aluminum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the metal-air battery, the first accommodating cavity is communicated with the second accommodating cavity through the anion exchange membrane, the second accommodating cavity is communicated with the third accommodating cavity through the cation exchange membrane, and the concentration of the second electrolyte in the second accommodating cavity is higher than that of the first electrolyte in the first accommodating cavity and that of the third electrolyte in the third accommodating cavity. Under the action of osmotic pressure, anions in the second electrolyte flow into the first accommodating cavity through the anion exchange membrane, and anions flowing into the first accommodating cavity are combined with metal cations losing electrons to form a water-soluble compound, so that the metal electrode can continuously perform oxidation reaction; cations in the second electrolyte flow into the third accommodating cavity through the cation exchange membrane, and the cations flowing into the third accommodating cavity are combined with hydroxide anions in the third electrolyte to form a water-soluble compound, so that the air electrode can continuously perform a reduction reaction; therefore, the metal-air battery can keep the metal electrode continuously generating oxidation reaction and the air electrode continuously generating reduction reaction, thereby realizing continuous discharge of the metal-air battery; in addition, through the selective permeation of the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane, hydroxide anions generated by the air electrode are prevented from flowing to the metal electrode, so that the hydroxide anions cannot be combined with metal cations to generate metal compounds which are difficult to dissolve in water, the increase of the internal resistance of electrolyte is avoided, and the energy conversion efficiency of the metal-air battery is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a metal-air cell;
in the figure, 1, a shell; 11. a first accommodation chamber; 111. a first liquid outlet; 12. a second accommodation chamber; 121. a second liquid outlet; 13. a third accommodation chamber; 131. a third liquid outlet; 14. a fourth accommodation chamber; 15. a bottom plate; 16. a first wall plate; 17. a second wall plate; 18. a third wall plate; 19. a cover plate; 191. a negative electrode binding post; 192. a positive terminal; 2. a metal electrode; 3. an air electrode; 4. an anion exchange membrane; 5. a cation exchange membrane; 6. a filter plate.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used herein to describe various information, but such information should not be limited to these terms, which are used merely to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, a "first" message may also be referred to as a "second" message, and similarly, a "second" message may also be referred to as a "first" message, without departing from the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment of the metal-air battery of the invention comprises a shell 1, a metal electrode 2 and an air electrode 3, wherein an anion exchange membrane 4 and a cation exchange membrane 5 are hermetically arranged in an inner cavity of the shell 1 at intervals from left to right in sequence, the anion exchange membrane 4 and the cation exchange membrane 5 divide the inner cavity of the shell 1 into a first accommodating cavity 11, a second accommodating cavity 12 and a third accommodating cavity 13 which are sequentially arranged from left to right, a first electrolyte is arranged in the first accommodating cavity 11, and the metal electrode 2 is arranged in the first electrolyte; the second accommodating cavity 12 is internally provided with a second electrolyte, the third accommodating cavity 13 is internally provided with a third electrolyte, and the air electrode 3 is arranged in the third electrolyte; the concentration of the second electrolyte is higher than the concentration of the first electrolyte and the concentration of the third electrolyte so that anions in the second electrolyte flow into the first accommodation chamber through the anion exchange membrane 4 and cations in the second electrolyte flow into the third accommodation chamber through the cation exchange membrane 5.
Under the action of osmotic pressure, anions in the second electrolyte flow into the first accommodating cavity 11 through the anion exchange membrane 4, anions flowing into the first accommodating cavity 11 are combined with metal cations losing electrons to form a water-soluble compound, so that the metal electrode 2 can continuously perform oxidation reaction; cations in the second electrolyte flow into the third accommodating cavity 13 through the cation exchange membrane, and the cations flowing into the third accommodating cavity 13 are combined with hydroxide anions in the third electrolyte to form a water-soluble compound, so that the air electrode 3 can continuously perform a reduction reaction; therefore, the metal-air battery can keep the metal electrode continuously generating oxidation reaction and the air electrode continuously generating reduction reaction, thereby realizing continuous discharge of the metal-air battery; moreover, hydroxide anions generated by the air electrode 3 are prevented from flowing to the metal electrode 2 by the selective permeation of the anion exchange membrane 4 and the cation exchange membrane 5; therefore, hydroxide anions can not be combined with metal cations to form metal compounds which are difficult to dissolve in water, so that the increase of the internal resistance of electrolyte is avoided, and the energy conversion efficiency of the metal-air battery is further improved. The elimination of the metal compound precipitate also prevents the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery caused by a large increase in the battery resistance. The battery life is improved.
Wherein the second electrolyte is a saturated solution or a supersaturated solution. Specifically, the shell 1 is further provided with a fourth accommodating cavity 14, the fourth accommodating cavity 14 is located below the second accommodating cavity 12, the second accommodating cavity 12 is communicated with the fourth accommodating cavity 14, and a solute of the second electrolyte is arranged in the fourth accommodating cavity 14, so that the second electrolyte can be kept in a saturated or supersaturated state all the time in the discharging process of the metal battery, and stable discharging of the battery is ensured.
The filter plate 6 is hermetically arranged between the fourth accommodating cavity 14 and the second accommodating cavity 12, the fourth accommodating cavity 14 is communicated with the second accommodating cavity 12 through the filter plate 6, and the filter plate 6 can prevent solute in the fourth accommodating cavity 14 from entering the second accommodating cavity 12, so that the solute in the fourth accommodating cavity 14 is prevented from blocking the anion exchange membrane 4 or the cation exchange membrane 5.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the air electrode 3 is plate-shaped, and the casing 1 includes a quadrangular bottom plate 15, a first wall plate 16 disposed on the front side of the bottom plate 15, a second wall plate 17 disposed on the rear side of the bottom plate 15, and a third wall plate 18 disposed on the left side of the bottom plate 15, and the air electrode 3 is disposed on the right side of the bottom plate 15, and the bottom plate 15, the first wall plate 16, the second wall plate 17, the third wall plate 18, and the air electrode 3 enclose an inner cavity of the casing 1; the anion exchange membrane 4 and the cation exchange membrane 5 are sequentially inserted into the inner cavity of the shell 1 at intervals from left to right, and the inner cavity of the shell 1 is divided into a first accommodating cavity 11, a second accommodating cavity 12 and a third accommodating cavity 13 which are sequentially arranged from left to right.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a cover plate 19 is arranged on an upper end cover of the concave cavity, a positive electrode power connection column 192 and a negative electrode power connection column 191 are arranged at the upper end of the cover plate 19, the lower end of the positive electrode power connection column 192 is electrically connected with the air electrode 3, and the lower end of the negative electrode node column 191 is electrically connected with the metal electrode; the lower end of the first wall plate 16 is provided with a first liquid outlet 111 communicating with the lower end of the first accommodation chamber 11, a second liquid outlet 121 communicating with the lower end of the second accommodation chamber 12, and a third liquid outlet 131 communicating with the lower end of the third accommodation chamber 13.
In this embodiment, the solute of the second electrolyte includes one or more of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, and sodium sulfate, the solute of the first electrolyte includes one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate, and the solute of the third electrolyte includes one or more of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, and sodium sulfate. In other embodiments of the present application, the first electrolyte, the second electrolyte, and the third electrolyte may be other solutions, and when a combination of the respective electrolytes is selected, it is necessary to ensure that a compound formed by combining anions in the second electrolyte with metal cations generated by the metal electrode 2 is dissolved in water, and a compound formed by combining cations in the second electrolyte with hydroxide anions generated by the air electrode 3 is also dissolved in water.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the crust, has low price, environmental protection, safety, high specific energy and long storage life, and is an ideal anode material. In this embodiment, the material of the metal electrode 3 is aluminum. Aluminum is used as an amphoteric metal, serious hydrogen evolution corrosion can occur in an alkaline electrolyte environment, and the current efficiency is low. In addition, the by-products of the aluminum electrode reaction and the self-corrosion reaction products are aluminum hydroxide, so that the electrolyte conductivity is reduced, the internal resistance of the battery is increased, the thermal runaway of the battery is caused, and the service life and the stability of the battery are influenced. And about 2.8 kg of aluminum hydroxide precipitates are generated when 1 kg of aluminum is consumed, and the traditional filtering method is filtering by a filter screen, but the filter screen is blocked to cause unsmooth circulation of electrolyte in the battery due to the fact that the aluminum hydroxide precipitates are very much, so that the resistance of the battery is greatly increased and the thermal runaway of the battery is directly caused. And a large amount of heat can be generated in the discharging process of the battery, the traditional cooling mode is wind power cooling, the cooling effect is not well controlled, the temperature is too low, the battery performance is influenced, the temperature is too high, the service life of the battery is influenced or thermal runaway is caused.
The metal-air battery of the embodiment can fundamentally solve the generation of aluminum hydroxide, so that a series of problems of electrolyte blockage, internal resistance rise, temperature runaway and the like of the battery are solved, and the air battery of the embodiment is also beneficial to reducing hydrogen evolution corrosion of the negative electrode and improving the utilization rate of the negative electrode.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the negative ions in the second electrode solution can smoothly flow into the first electrolyte, when the same negative ions as those in the second electrolyte exist in the first electrolyte, the concentration of the negative ions in the second electrolyte needs to be higher than the concentration of the corresponding negative ions in the first electrolyte; if the second electrolyte is potassium chloride, the supersaturation concentration of the potassium chloride is 3.4mol/l, namely, the concentration of chloride ions and potassium ions is 3.4mol/l; the solute in the first electrolyte is aluminum chloride; the concentration of chloride ions in the first electrolyte is lower than 3.4mol/l, namely, if the solute in the first electrolyte is aluminum chloride, the concentration of aluminum chloride is lower than 1.1mol/l; the concentration of potassium ions in the third electrolyte is lower than 3.4mol/l, namely the potassium hydroxide in the third electrolyte needs to be lower than 3.4mol/l.
When the concentration of the first electrolyte and the third electrolyte is lower, the conductivity of the first electrolyte and the third electrolyte is reduced, and when the concentration of the first electrolyte and the third electrolyte is higher, the concentration difference between the second electrolyte and the first electrolyte and between the second electrolyte and the third electrolyte is reduced, so that the directional movement of anions and cations in the second electrolyte is not facilitated. In this embodiment, when the first electrolyte, the second electrolyte and the third electrolyte are all sodium chloride solutions, the ratio of the concentration of chloride ions in the first electrolyte to the concentration of chloride ions in the second electrolyte is 0.9 or less and 0.5 or more; the ratio of the concentration of sodium ions in the third electrolyte to the concentration of sodium ions in the second electrolyte is 0.9 or less and 0.5 or more.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The metal-air battery is characterized by comprising a shell (1), a metal electrode (2) and an air electrode (3), wherein an anion exchange membrane (4) and a cation exchange membrane (5) are sequentially arranged in an inner cavity of the shell (1) at intervals from left to right in a sealing manner, the inner cavity of the shell (1) is divided into a first accommodating cavity (11), a second accommodating cavity (12) and a third accommodating cavity (13) which are sequentially arranged from left to right by the anion exchange membrane (4) and the cation exchange membrane (5), a first electrolyte is arranged in the first accommodating cavity (11), and the metal electrode (2) is arranged in the first electrolyte; a second electrolyte is arranged in the second accommodating cavity (12), a third electrolyte is arranged in the third accommodating cavity (13), and the air electrode (3) is arranged in the third electrolyte;
the concentration of the second electrolyte is higher than the concentration of the first electrolyte and the concentration of the third electrolyte, so that anions in the second electrolyte flow into the first accommodating cavity (11) through the anion exchange membrane (4); and causing cations in the second electrolyte to flow into the third accommodation chamber (13) through the cation exchange membrane (5); the second electrolyte is a saturated solution or a supersaturated solution; the shell (1) is further provided with a fourth accommodating cavity (14), the fourth accommodating cavity (14) is arranged below the second accommodating cavity (12), the second accommodating cavity (12) is communicated with the fourth accommodating cavity (14), and the fourth accommodating cavity (14) is internally provided with a solute of the second electrolyte; a filter plate (6) is arranged between the fourth accommodating cavity (14) and the second accommodating cavity (12) in a sealing manner; the compound formed after the anions in the second electrolyte are combined with the metal cations generated by the metal electrode (2) is dissolved in water, and the compound formed after the cations in the second electrolyte are combined with the hydroxide anions generated by the air electrode (3) is also dissolved in water.
2. The metal-air battery according to claim 1, wherein the air electrode (3) is plate-shaped, the case (1) includes a bottom plate (15) having a quadrangular shape, a first wall plate (16) provided on a front side of the bottom plate (15), a second wall plate (17) provided on a rear side of the bottom plate (15), a third wall plate (18) provided on a left side of the bottom plate (15), and the air electrode (3) is provided on a right side of the bottom plate (15); the bottom plate (15), the first wall plate (16), the second wall plate (17), the third wall plate (18) and the air electrode (3) are enclosed into an inner cavity of the shell (1).
3. The metal-air cell of claim 1, wherein the solute of the second electrolyte comprises one or more of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate.
4. The metal-air cell of claim 1, wherein the solute of the first electrolyte comprises one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate.
5. The metal-air cell of claim 1, wherein the solute of the third electrolyte comprises one or more of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate.
6. A metal-air battery according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the material of the metal electrode (2) is aluminium.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111497283.1A CN114204166B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Metal air battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111497283.1A CN114204166B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Metal air battery |
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| CN114204166A CN114204166A (en) | 2022-03-18 |
| CN114204166B true CN114204166B (en) | 2024-01-09 |
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| CN202111497283.1A Active CN114204166B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Metal air battery |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013225443A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | Sharp Corp | Metal-air battery and energy system |
| CN103928716A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-16 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Lead-acid battery with coexisting acid, alkali and salt electrolyte solutions |
| CN105406153A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-16 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | Novel battery with multi-electrolyte-structure realized by ion exchange membranes |
| CN112803084A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-05-14 | 周申 | High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202111497283.1A patent/CN114204166B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013225443A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | Sharp Corp | Metal-air battery and energy system |
| CN103928716A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-16 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Lead-acid battery with coexisting acid, alkali and salt electrolyte solutions |
| CN105406153A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-16 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | Novel battery with multi-electrolyte-structure realized by ion exchange membranes |
| CN112803084A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-05-14 | 周申 | High-energy-density charge-discharge battery and charge-discharge method thereof |
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