CN112798212B - Anchor rod axial impact test bed and test method - Google Patents
Anchor rod axial impact test bed and test method Download PDFInfo
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/303—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0039—Hammer or pendulum
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Abstract
The invention provides an anchor rod axial impact test bed and a test method, wherein the anchor rod axial impact test bed comprises: the device comprises a main frame, a main hammer body, a hammer lifting device, a lifting device, an axial impact fixing assembly and a monitoring system. The anchor rod axial impact test bed and the test method provided by the invention can realize axial impact load test of the parts to be tested such as anchor rods or steel strands, reveal the axial impact resistance mechanical properties of the parts to be tested of different mining support materials through the test, and provide test data for optimization of the support materials of rock burst roadways. During testing, different pretightening forces can be applied to the piece to be tested by adjusting the mutual threaded connection lengths of the upper sheath, the plug and the lower sheath, and the impact of the pretightening forces on the impact resistance of the piece to be tested can be analyzed through testing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of test equipment, in particular to an anchor rod axial impact test bed and a test method.
Background
With the gradual development of coal resources, the mining depth of the coal resources gradually develops from a shallow part to a deep part. The mining of deep coal resources is often accompanied by coal and rock dynamic disasters such as rock burst, coal and gas outburst and the like, and the safety production of mines is seriously threatened. Rock burst mainly occurs in a roadway, and the prevention and control of the rock burst roadway is always a difficult point for preventing and controlling the rock burst. When the energy of rock burst is low during tunneling, the integrity of the anchor bolt supporting roadway is basically kept; however, when the energy of rock burst is large, the supporting material of the anchor bolt supporting roadway is easy to break and lose efficacy under dynamic load. Factors influencing the dynamic load breaking failure of the supporting material mainly comprise the strength, specification and model, stress state and the like of steel, and different factors have different influence degrees on the mechanical property of the supporting material. In recent years, based on special requirements of rock burst roadways on supporting materials, scientific researchers successively research and develop novel supporting materials such as high-impact-toughness anchor rods, transverse-resistance large-deformation anchor rods, prestress Yielding anchor rods, Garford anchor rods, Durabar anchor rods, Yielding Secura anchor rods and Roofex anchor rods, the successful research and development of the novel supporting materials solve the problem of deformation and damage of the rock burst roadways to a certain extent.
However, research is mainly focused on research and development of novel supporting materials at present, but few tests and researches on impact resistance mechanical properties of the novel supporting materials are carried out, dynamic mechanical properties of the mining supporting materials cannot be obtained, and therefore the roadway supporting materials with rock burst are selected by means of experience judgment.
At present, a test instrument and a test method for the static load performance of a support material are relatively mature, test equipment and the test method can basically meet the actual underground test requirement, and corresponding test equipment and test methods for the shock resistance of the support material are lacked at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anchor rod axial impact test bed and a test method, which are used for solving the problem of testing the impact resistance of a support material in the prior art.
The invention provides an anchor rod axial impact test bed, which comprises:
a main frame;
the main hammer body is vertically connected to the main rack in a sliding manner;
the hammer lifting device is arranged above the main hammer body, is vertically connected with the main rack in a sliding mode, and is suitable for switching between a state of being connected with the main hammer body and a state of being separated from the main hammer body;
the lifting device is connected with the hammer lifting device and is suitable for driving the hammer lifting device to vertically slide;
the axial impact fixing assembly comprises a lifting ring, a protective sleeve and a deformed steel bar clamp, the lifting ring is used for vertically hanging a piece to be tested on the hammer lifting device, the protective sleeve is suitable for being arranged on the outer side of the piece to be tested and vertically penetrates through the main hammer body, and the deformed steel bar clamp is suitable for being fixed at the lower end of the piece to be tested and vertically contacts with the main hammer body when the main hammer body drops;
and the monitoring system is used for acquiring impact force and impact displacement data of the main hammer body and the piece to be detected and acquiring an impact energy time-course curve according to the impact force and the impact displacement data.
According to the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention, the protecting sleeve comprises an upper protecting sleeve, a plug and a lower protecting sleeve, one end of the upper protecting sleeve is fixedly connected with the hanging ring, the other end of the upper protecting sleeve is in threaded connection with the outer side of the plug, one end of the lower protecting sleeve is in threaded connection with the inner side of the plug, and the other end of the lower protecting sleeve is abutted to the deformed steel fixture.
According to the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention, the main hammer body comprises a hammer body assembly, weights and hammers, the hammer body assembly is connected to the main frame in a sliding mode, the weights are detachably connected to the hammer body assembly, and the hammers are arranged on the lower side of the hammer body assembly.
According to the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention, the hammer body assembly comprises an upper hammer body, a lower hammer body, a side hammer body, a guide sleeve and a locking rod;
the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body are arranged in parallel at intervals, two side hammer bodies are arranged, the two side hammer bodies are arranged between the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body in parallel at intervals, and the upper hammer body, the lower hammer body and the side hammer bodies surround an arrangement area;
the locking rod is vertically arranged between the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body, and a locking sleeve is arranged on the locking rod;
the weights are provided with positioning grooves, the weights are vertically stacked in the arrangement area, and the locking rods are embedded in the positioning grooves;
the guide sleeve is arranged at the end parts of the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body and is in sliding connection with the main frame.
According to the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention, the hammer lifting device comprises a moving beam and an electromagnet, a guide sleeve is arranged on the moving beam, the guide sleeve is vertically connected to the main rack in a sliding manner, and the electromagnet is arranged on the lower side of the moving beam.
According to the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention, the electromagnet adopts a power-off electromagnet.
According to the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention, the anchor rod axial impact test bed further comprises a hammer receiving device, the hammer receiving device comprises a base, a turnover driving piece and a support plate, the base is fixedly connected with the main frame, the support plate is rotatably connected to the base, the support plate has a protection state of being turned over to a falling path of the main hammer body and an avoidance state of being turned over to the outside of the falling path of the main hammer body, and the turnover driving piece is connected with the support plate and is used for driving the support plate to be switched between the protection state and the avoidance state.
According to the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention, the lifting device adopts an electric hoist, and the electric hoist is arranged on the main rack and detachably connected with the hammer lifting device.
The anchor rod axial impact test bed further comprises a buffer device, wherein the buffer device is fixedly connected with the main frame and is positioned at the lower end of a falling path of the main hammer body.
The invention also provides a test method suitable for the anchor rod axial impact test bed, which comprises the following steps:
the part to be tested is hung on the hammer lifting device through the axial impact fixing assembly, and the deformed steel bar clamp is positioned on a falling path of the main hammer body;
confirming impact energy, and determining the height of a drop hammer and the balance weight of the main hammer body according to the impact energy;
lifting the main hammer body to the height of the drop hammer and enabling the main hammer body to freely fall to impact the piece to be tested;
and acquiring the impact force and the impact displacement of the main hammer body and the to-be-detected piece, and acquiring an impact energy time-course curve according to the impact force and the impact displacement.
The anchor rod axial impact test bed and the test method provided by the invention can realize axial impact load test of the parts to be tested such as anchor rods or steel strands, reveal the axial impact resistance mechanical properties of the parts to be tested of different mine support materials through the test, and provide test data for optimization of the support materials of rock burst roadways.
During testing, different pretightening forces can be applied to the piece to be tested by adjusting the lengths of the mutual threaded connection of the upper sheath, the plug and the lower sheath, and the impact of the pretightening forces on the impact resistance of the piece to be tested can be analyzed through the test.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is one of the front views of the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention (weight hidden in the drawing);
fig. 2 is a second front view (with the guard hidden) of the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a main frame in the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a main hammer body in the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a hammer lifting device in the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a hammer lifter device in the bolt axial impact test stand provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an axial impact fixing assembly in the axial impact test bed of the anchor rod provided by the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a hammer receiving device in the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention;
FIG. 9 is one of the use states of the lateral impact fixing assembly in the axial impact test bed of the anchor rod provided by the invention;
fig. 10 is a second state view of the lateral impact fixing assembly in the axial impact test bed of the anchor rod provided by the invention;
FIG. 11 is one of the using state diagrams of the steel wire mesh support in the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention;
FIG. 12 is a second state diagram of the steel wire mesh support in the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention;
fig. 13 is a using state diagram of the anchoring body lateral support in the anchor rod axial impact test bed provided by the invention.
Reference numerals:
100. a main frame; 110. A lower support frame; 120. A side post;
121. a displacement sensor; 130. A rack top plate; 140. Connecting the cross beam;
150. a slide bar; 160. A guard; 200. A main hammer body;
210. a hammer block assembly; 211. An upper hammer body; 212. A lower hammer body;
213. a side hammer body; 214. A guide sleeve; 215. A locking lever;
216. a locking sleeve; 220. A weight; 221. Positioning a groove;
230. a hammer head; 231. An impact force value sensor; 300. A hammer lifting device;
310. a moving beam; 311. A guide sleeve; 312. A cover plate;
320. an electromagnet; 330. Hanging a hammer plate; 340. A bolt;
350. a proximity switch; 400. A lifting device; 410. A gourd mounting rack;
420. a gourd fixing seat; 500. An axial impact fixing assembly; 510. A hoisting ring;
511. a fixed seat; 520. A protective sleeve; 521. Putting a sheath;
522. a plug; 523. A lower sheath; 530. A deformed steel bar clamp;
600. a lateral impact fixation assembly; 610. A base plate; 620. A left side plate;
630. a right side plate; 640. A left clamp; 650. A right clamp;
660. a support bar; 670. Hoisting a ring; 700. A steel wire mesh clamp;
710. a steel wire mesh support; 720. A set screw; 730. Fixing a nut;
740. pressing a plate; 800. A buffer device; 900. A hammer receiving device;
910. a base; 920. Turning over the driving piece; 930. A support plate;
940. a baffle plate; 1000. A piece to be tested; 1100. An anchor lateral support.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature may be "on" or "under" a second feature such that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intermediary. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
An axial impact test stand for a rock bolt according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-2, and includes: the main frame 100, the main hammer body 200, the hammer lifting device 300, the lifting device 400, the axial impact fixing assembly 500 and the monitoring system.
Referring to fig. 3, the main frame 100 includes a lower support frame 110, a side post 120, a frame top plate 130, and a connecting cross member 140, with a space being formed between the lower support frame 110 and the frame top plate 130. The side posts 120 are vertically disposed and connected and supported between the lower support frame 110 and the rack top plate 130. The side columns 120 may be provided in plurality, and the side columns 120 are spaced apart from each other in parallel, so as to stably support the top plate 130 of the frame and form a sliding channel for the main hammer body 200 and the hammer lifting device 300. Connecting beams 140 are connected between adjacent side columns 120 to increase the structural stability of the main frame 100.
Optionally, the lower support frame 110 and the rack top plate 130 are integrally machined by 45 # steel, so that the lower support frame and the rack top plate have higher strength; the side columns 120 and the connecting beams 140 can be made of square steel and are connected with other components in a welding mode, and good stability is achieved.
Optionally, a sliding rod 150 is further disposed on the main frame 100, and the sliding rod 150 is disposed between the frame top plate 130 and the lower support frame 110 and parallel to the side pillar 120. The main hammer 200 is slidably connected to the main frame 100 via a slide rod 150 and can slide vertically in the extending direction of the side posts 120.
Optionally, a protection device 160 is further disposed on the main frame 100, and the protection device 160 is disposed outside the main frame 100, so that protection can be performed instantaneously in case of impact, and danger is avoided.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the main hammer 200 includes a hammer block assembly 210, a weight 220, and a hammer head 230, and the hammer block assembly 210 is slidably coupled to the main frame 100. The weights 220 are detachably connected to the weight block assembly 210, and the overall weight of the main weight 200 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of the weights 220 on the weight block assembly 210. Hammer 230 sets up the downside at hammer block subassembly 210, and hammer 230 is used for impacting the piece 1000 that awaits measuring at main hammer block 200 tenesmus in-process.
Optionally, the hammer block assembly 210 includes an upper hammer block 211, a lower hammer block 212, side hammer blocks 213, a guide sleeve 214, and a lock lever 215. The upper hammer body 211 and the lower hammer body 212 are arranged in parallel at intervals and are vertically aligned, two or more side hammer bodies 213 are arranged, and the side hammer bodies 213 are vertically fixed between the upper hammer body 211 and the lower hammer body 212. The upper hammer block 211, the lower hammer block 212, and the side hammer blocks 213 enclose an arrangement region in which the weights 220 are vertically stacked. The locking lever 215 is disposed in the arrangement region and fixed perpendicularly to the upper and lower hammer bodies 211 and 212. The locking rod 215 can set up two at intervals more than, is provided with the lock sleeve 216 on the locking rod 215, and the axial adjustment position of lock sleeve 216 along the locking rod 215 can, and the lock sleeve 216 can adopt the locking structure of staple bolt form, can be through the optional position of bolt locking on the locking rod 215. Be provided with constant head tank 221 on the weight 220, when the weight 220 was placed in arranging the district, the locking lever 215 embedded in constant head tank 221 realized the location to weight 220. The weight 220 can be fixed by adjusting the position of the locking sleeve 216, so that the use safety is ensured. The guide sleeve 214 is provided with a plurality of guide sleeves and is respectively arranged at the end parts of the upper hammer body 211 and the lower hammer body 212, and the guide sleeves 214 are sleeved with the slide rod 150 to realize the sliding connection between the hammer body assembly 210 and the slide rod 150.
Optionally, the hammer head 230 is made of alloy tool steel, the hardness after quenching is 58-62 HRC, and the hammer head is wear-resistant and impact-resistant. The guide sleeve 214 can be made of tin bronze with graphite, has a self-lubricating function, and ensures that the hammer body moves up and down smoothly along the slide rod 150.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the hammer lifting device 300 is disposed above the main hammer body 200 and slidably coupled to the main frame 100. The hammer lifting device 300 is adapted to be switched between a state of being connected to the main hammer body 200 and a state of being disconnected from the main hammer body 200; in the connected state, the hammer lifting device 300 can be lifted synchronously with the main hammer body 200; in the disengaged state, the hammer lifting device 300 and the main hammer body 200 can move relatively.
Optionally, the hammer lifting device 300 includes a movable beam 310 and an electromagnet 320, a guide sleeve 311 is disposed on the movable beam 310, and the guide sleeve 311 is sleeved with the sliding rod 150, so that the movable beam 310 can slide along the sliding rod 150. The electromagnet 320 is disposed on the movable beam 310 near the main hammer 200, and when the electromagnet 320 is magnetic, it can be attracted and fixed to the main hammer 200, and at this time, the hammer lifting device 300 is connected to the main hammer 200. The electromagnets 320 may be provided in two or more numbers to increase the connection strength with the main hammer 200 and improve the safety in use.
Optionally, the electromagnet 320 is a power-off electromagnet 320. In the unenergized state, the electromagnet 320 maintains the attraction force, and in the energized state the electromagnet 320 loses the attraction force. The arrangement mode can avoid the falling of the main hammer body 200 caused by sudden power failure, and meanwhile, the suction force can be kept for a long time under the condition of not consuming electric energy.
The movable beam 310 may have a hollow structure formed by a rigid frame and a cover 312, so that the weight of the movable beam 310 is reduced, and at the same time, a sufficient internal space is provided for the wiring installation of the electromagnet 320.
Optionally, the two ends of the movable beam 310 are provided with a hammer hanging plate 330 and a bolt 340, so that the hammer lifting device 300 and the main hammer body 200 can be connected together through the hammer hanging plate 330 and the bolt 340 during installation and maintenance of the equipment.
Referring back to fig. 3, the lifting device 400 employs an electric hoist, and may further employ a double hook hoist with an encoder interface. Electric block sets up on main frame 100, and is optional, is provided with calabash mounting bracket 410 on the frame roof 130, and this calabash mounting bracket 410 adopts door type frame structure, and fixed being provided with calabash fixing base 420 on calabash mounting bracket 410, electric block pass through the bolt fastening on calabash fixing base 420. The electric block is detachably connected to the hammer lifting device 300, for example, the end of the chain of the electric block is connected to the hammer lifting device 300 through a hook. When the lifting device 400 operates, the hammer lifting device 300 can be driven to lift.
Optionally, a proximity switch 350 is disposed on the movable beam 310, and the proximity switch 350 may be connected to a control circuit of the lifting device 400, so as to control the operation of the lifting device 400 according to the relative position of the main hammer body 200 and the hammer lifting device 300. For example, when the main weight 200 needs to be lifted, if the main weight 200 and the hammer lifting device 300 are not closely attached, the lifting device 400 does not lift the movable beam 310.
Referring to fig. 7, the axial impact fixing assembly 500 is used for fixing the to-be-tested object 1000 during the axial impact test, and the axial impact fixing assembly 500 comprises a hanging ring 510, a protecting sleeve 520 and a threaded steel clamp 530. The hanging ring 510 is used for vertically hanging the to-be-tested piece 1000 on the hammer lifting device 300, the hanging ring 510 is provided with a fixed seat 511, the fixed seat 511 is in threaded connection with a protective sleeve 520, and the protective sleeve 520 is sleeved on the outer side of the to-be-tested piece 1000 and can protect the to-be-tested piece 1000. The main hammer body 200 is provided with a vertical through hole which can simultaneously penetrate through the upper hammer body 211, the lower hammer body 212, the weight 220 and the hammer head 230, and the protective sleeve 520 and the to-be-tested piece 1000 can penetrate through the main hammer body 200 through the vertical through hole. The deformed steel bar clamp 530 is suitable for being fixed at the lower end of the to-be-tested part 1000, the deformed steel bar clamp 530 can be in threaded connection with the to-be-tested part 1000, the upper end face of the deformed steel bar clamp 530 is larger than the end face of a vertical through hole in the main hammer body 200, and when the main hammer body 200 falls down, the deformed steel bar clamp 530 is in vertical contact with the hammer head 230 in the main hammer body 200. The deformed steel bar clamp 530 may employ an existing tendon clamp. In the using process, the hammer lifting device 300 and the main hammer body 200 are lifted to the required height through the lifting device 400, the to-be-tested piece 1000 is installed in place through the axial impact fixing assembly 500, the main hammer body 200 is released, at the moment, the main hammer body 200 freely falls down, the position of the hammer lifting device 300 is unchanged, and when the main hammer body 200 falls down to be in contact with the upper surface of the threaded steel clamp 530, the main hammer body 200 generates axial impact on the to-be-tested piece 1000.
Optionally, the protective sleeve 520 includes an upper sheath 521, a plug 522 and a lower sheath 523, one end of the upper sheath 521 is fixedly connected to the fixing base 511, the other end of the upper sheath is sleeved on the outer side of the upper end of the plug 522 and is in threaded connection with the outer side of the upper end of the plug 522, the lower end of the plug 522 is sleeved on the outer side of the upper end of the lower sheath 523 and is in threaded connection with the outer side of the upper end of the lower sheath 523, and a through hole is formed in the plug 522 along the axial direction of the plug. The lower end of the lower sheath 523 abuts the screw-thread steel jig 530. When the axial impact test of the anchor rod or the steel strand is carried out, one end of the anchor rod or the steel strand can be fixedly connected to the fixed seat 511, and the other end of the anchor rod or the steel strand penetrates through the upper sheath 521, the plug 522 and the lower sheath 523 and then is connected with the deformed steel bar clamp 530, or a locking block is arranged at the upper end of the anchor rod or the steel strand, so that the locking block is positioned in the upper sleeve, and one end of the anchor rod or the steel strand, which is far away from the locking block, penetrates through the plug 522 and the lower sheath 523 and then is connected with the deformed steel bar clamp 530; when carrying out anchor axial shock test, can place anchor rock one end of anchor in last sleeve, stock deviates from the latch segment one end and is connected with deformed steel bar anchor clamps 530 after passing end cap 522 and lower sheath 523.
The protecting sleeve 520 with the structure can play a role in limiting and protecting, can also be used for providing pretightening force, and can be adjusted by adjusting the threaded connection lengths of the upper protecting sleeve 521, the plug 522 and the lower protecting sleeve 523 when the pretightened to-be-tested piece 1000 needs to be subjected to an axial impact test. The overall length of the protective sleeve 520 can be increased by reducing the threaded connection length of the upper protective sleeve 521, the plug 522 and the lower protective sleeve 523, so that the pretightening force is increased; the overall length of the protective sleeve 520 can be reduced by increasing the threaded connection length of the upper protective sleeve 521, the plug 522 and the lower protective sleeve 523, so that the pre-tightening force is reduced or eliminated.
Referring back to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rod axial impact test stand further includes a buffer device 800, and the buffer device 800 is fixedly connected to the main frame 100 and located at a lower end of a dropping path of the main hammer body 200. The buffer device 800 can adopt a buffer oil cylinder, and the buffer device 800 can buffer the main hammer body 200 after the main hammer body 200 falls to finish impact, so as to prevent the main hammer body 200 from directly impacting the lower support frame 110. The buffering device 800 may be provided in two or more numbers to enhance the buffering effect.
With reference to fig. 8 and 13, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rod axial impact test stand further includes a hammer receiving device 900, the hammer receiving device 900 includes a base 910, a turnover driving member 920, and a support plate 930, and the base 910 is fixedly mounted on the main frame 100, and specifically may be fixed on the connecting beam 140 by bolts or welding. The plate 930 is an L-shaped plate with one end pivotally connected to the base 910. The support plate 930 has a protection state of turning over to the falling path of the main hammer body 200 and an avoidance state of turning over to the outside of the falling path of the main hammer body 200; when the fulcrum plate 930 is in the protection state, a support can be formed on the lower side of the main hammer body 200 to prevent the main hammer body 200 from dropping; when the brace 930 is in the avoidance state, the main hammer body 200 can smoothly drop. The turnover driving member 920 is connected to the base 910 and the support plate 930 respectively, and when the turnover driving member 920 operates, the support plate 930 can be driven to rotate, so that the support plate 930 is switched between a protection state and an avoidance state. When the lifting height of the main hammer body 200 exceeds the hammer receiving device 900, the support plate 930 can be adjusted to a protection state before the hammer needs to be removed; when the hammer needs to be removed, the turnover driving piece 920 drives the support plate 930 to rotate to an avoiding state, and the main hammer body 200 can freely fall. The hammer receiving device 900 can achieve a good protection effect, and the use and maintenance safety is improved.
Optionally, the turnover driving member 920 employs an air cylinder, one end of the air cylinder is hinged to the base 910, and the other end of the air cylinder is hinged to the support plate 930, and the support plate 930 is driven to rotate when the turnover driving member 920 extends and contracts.
Optionally, the rotating shaft of the support plate 930 is horizontally disposed, and the base 910 is provided with a baffle 940, and the baffle 940 can abut against the support plate 930 when the support plate 930 is in the protection state, so as to support the support plate 930.
The monitoring system is used for acquiring impact force and impact displacement data of the main hammer body 200 and the piece to be detected 1000 and acquiring an impact energy time-course curve according to the impact force and the impact displacement data. Optionally, the monitoring system includes an impact force value sensor 231, a signal conditioner, a data acquisition card, a displacement sensor 121 and a computer, the impact force value sensor 231 may be disposed on the hammer head 230, or may be disposed on the side of the to-be-measured member 1000 subjected to the impact force, the displacement sensor 121 is disposed on the side pillar 120 or the lower support frame 110, and the displacement sensor 121 may be a laser displacement sensor 121. When the main hammer body 200 impacts the to-be-tested piece 1000, the impact force value sensor 231 and the displacement sensor 121 input a force value signal and an impact displacement signal at the moment of impact to the signal conditioner for amplification, and the amplified signals are subjected to A/D conversion by the data acquisition card and are transmitted to the computer for storage and analysis. The computer calculates and analyzes the original data to obtain an impact energy time course curve and more characteristic point data. According to the impact energy time-course curve and the characteristic value, the deformation and fracture characteristics of the sample can be accurately deduced.
Optionally, instrumented impact test analysis software is stored in the computer, and the instrumented impact test analysis software can automatically trigger impact instant data recording, automatically obtain an impact energy time-course curve, obtain force value data such as yield force, maximum force, cracking force and termination force, and provide energy data such as maximum force energy, cracking energy and termination energy.
With reference to fig. 9 and 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rod axial impact test bed further includes a lateral impact fixing assembly 600, and the lateral impact fixing assembly 600 is used for fixing the piece to be tested 1000 when performing a lateral impact test.
The side impact fixation assembly 600 includes a base plate 610, a left side plate 620, a right side plate 630, a left clamp 640, and a right clamp 650. The bottom plate 610 may be disposed on the lower support frame 110, the left side plate 620 and the right side plate 630 are vertically fixed to the bottom plate 610, respectively, and the left side plate 620 and the right side plate 630 are disposed in parallel and spaced apart. The left clamp 640 is arranged on the side, away from the right side plate 630, of the left side plate 620, the right clamp 650 is arranged on the side, away from the left side plate 620, of the right side plate 630, and the left clamp 640 and the right clamp 650 are suitable for horizontally fixing the piece to be detected on a falling path of the main hammer body 200. Left side anchor clamps 640 and right side anchor clamps 650 all can adopt three lamella wedge anchor clamps, press from both sides tightly to the both ends of piece 1000 that awaits measuring respectively, prevent that it from producing axial displacement.
When the lateral impact test is performed, the to-be-tested piece 1000 is fixed by the left clamp 640 and the right clamp 650, the to-be-tested piece 1000 is located under the hammer head 230, the main hammer body 200 is released after the main hammer body 200 is lifted to a required height, and the main hammer body 200 freely drops until the hammer head 230 contacts with the to-be-tested piece 1000 to generate lateral impact on the to-be-tested piece 1000.
Optionally, the lateral impact fixing assembly 600 further includes a support rod 660, and two ends of the support rod 660 are respectively connected and fixed to the left side plate 620 and the right side plate 630. The supporting rods 660 may be provided in two or more numbers and distributed at both sides of the installation position of the object to be detected. The support bar 660 can support the left side plate 620 and the right side plate 630, and prevent the left side plate 620 and the right side plate 630 from bending or breaking when the lateral impact test is performed.
Optionally, the top ends of the left side plate 620 and the right side plate 630 are provided with hoisting rings 670 to facilitate hoisting for moving.
With reference to fig. 11 and 12, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rod axial impact test bed further includes a steel wire mesh fixture 700, where the steel wire mesh fixture 700 includes a steel wire mesh support 710, fixing screws 720, fixing nuts 730, and pressure plates 740, the fixing screws 720 are disposed on a frame on the upper surface of the steel wire mesh support 710, the pressure plates 740 are provided with four groups, and the pressure plates 740 are respectively disposed on four sides of the upper surface of the steel wire mesh support 710 and are fixed by the fixing nuts 730. When needing to carry out the impact test of wire net, can fix the wire net at the upside of wire net anchor clamps 700, press from both sides tight fixedly to the wire net through clamp plate 740, make the wire net be located the tup 230 below of main hammer block 200 simultaneously, main hammer block 200 freely drops to and produces the impact to the wire net after contacting with the wire net.
Optionally, a cavity is formed inside the lower support frame 110, and a through hole is formed in a top plate of the lower support frame, so that when the steel wire mesh is subjected to an impact test, the steel wire mesh fixture 700 can be placed in the lower support frame 110, and the hammer head 230 penetrates through the through hole in the top plate of the lower support frame 110 to impact the steel wire mesh.
Referring to fig. 13, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rod axial impact test bed further includes two anchoring body lateral supports 1100, the two anchoring body lateral supports 1100 are symmetrically disposed and are respectively disposed at two sides below the hammer head 230, and when the to-be-tested piece 1000 is supported by the two anchoring body lateral supports 1100, the to-be-tested piece 1000 is horizontal and the middle portion thereof is suspended, so that a lateral impact test of the to-be-tested piece 1000 can be performed. It should be noted that the dut 1000 to which the anchor lateral support 1100 is applied is an anchor.
Being equipped with fixed subassembly 600 of side direction impact, wire net anchor clamps 700 and anchor body side direction support 1100 on the stock axial impact test platform can make the stock axial impact test platform still possess stock side direction impact test ability, wire net impact test ability and anchor body side direction impact test ability.
The following describes the test method provided by the present invention, and the test method described below and the above-described anchor rod axial impact test bed can be referred to each other. The test method comprises the following steps:
and S100, hanging the piece to be tested 1000 on the hammer lifting device 300 through the axial impact fixing assembly 500, and enabling the deformed steel bar clamp 530 to be located on a falling path of the main hammer body 200. Step S100 specifically includes:
s110, one end of the to-be-tested piece 1000 is fixed on the fixed seat 511 through a bolt or a pin shaft or fixed in the upper sheath 521 through a bolt or a locking block, and the other end of the to-be-tested piece passes through the plug 522 and the lower sheath 523 and then is connected with the deformed steel bar clamp 530;
and S120, enabling the upper end of the axial impact fixing assembly 500 to penetrate through the main hammer body 200 and be hung on the hammer lifting device 300.
And S200, confirming impact energy, and determining the height of the falling hammer and the counterweight of the main hammer body 200 according to the impact energy.
S300, lifting the main hammer body 200 to the height of the drop hammer and enabling the drop hammer body to freely fall to impact the piece to be tested 1000.
The main hammer body 200 is accurately lifted to the height of the falling hammer by controlling the running time of a motor in the electric hoist or acquiring the position information of the main hammer body 200 for feedback adjustment, the electromagnet 320 is electrified to lose the suction force, and the main hammer body 200 freely falls under the action of the dead weight and impacts the deformed steel bar clamp 530 to realize axial impact on the to-be-tested piece 1000.
S400, impact force and impact displacement data of the main hammer body 200 and the to-be-tested piece 1000 are obtained, and an impact energy time-course curve is obtained according to the impact force and the impact displacement data.
The force value signal and the impact displacement signal at the moment of impact are obtained through the impact force value sensor 231 and the displacement sensor 121, the force value signal and the impact displacement signal are input to a signal conditioning instrument to be amplified, the amplified signals are subjected to A/D conversion through a data acquisition card and are transmitted to a computer for storage and analysis. The impact energy time course curve and more characteristic point data can be obtained by calculating and analyzing the original data through a computer. According to the impact energy time-course curve and the characteristic value, the deformation and fracture characteristics of the sample can be accurately deduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an anchor rod axial shock test platform which characterized in that includes:
a main frame comprising a lower support frame;
the main hammer body is vertically connected to the main rack in a sliding manner;
the hammer lifting device is arranged above the main hammer body, is vertically and slidably connected with the main rack and is suitable for switching between a state of being connected with the main hammer body and a state of being separated from the main hammer body;
the lifting device is connected with the hammer lifting device and is suitable for driving the hammer lifting device to vertically slide, and a control circuit of the lifting device is connected with the proximity switch;
the axial impact fixing assembly comprises a lifting ring, a protective sleeve and a deformed steel bar clamp, the lifting ring is used for vertically suspending a piece to be tested on the hammer lifting device, the protective sleeve is suitable for being arranged on the outer side of the piece to be tested and vertically penetrates through the main hammer body, and the deformed steel bar clamp is suitable for being fixed at the lower end of the piece to be tested and vertically contacts with the main hammer body when the main hammer body drops;
the lateral impact fixing assembly comprises a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a left side clamp and a right side clamp, the left side plate and the right side plate are fixedly connected with the bottom plate respectively, the left side clamp is arranged on the left side plate, the right side clamp is arranged on the right side plate, the bottom plate is arranged on the top surface of the lower support frame when a lateral impact test is carried out, and the left side clamp and the right side clamp are suitable for horizontally fixing a piece to be detected on a falling path of the main hammer body;
the steel wire mesh clamp comprises a steel wire mesh support, fixing screws, fixing nuts and pressing plates, wherein the fixing screws are arranged on a frame on the upper surface of the steel wire mesh support, the pressing plates are provided with four groups, the pressing plates are respectively arranged on four sides of the upper surface of the steel wire mesh support and are fixed through the fixing nuts, a cavity is formed in the lower support frame, a through hole is formed in a top plate of the lower support frame, when a steel wire mesh impact test is carried out, the steel wire mesh clamp is placed in the cavity of the lower support frame, and a hammer head of a main hammer body is used for penetrating through the through hole to impact a steel wire mesh;
the two anchoring body lateral supports are symmetrically arranged, and are used for being arranged on the top surface of the lower supporting frame and supporting the piece to be tested when an anchoring body lateral impact test is carried out, so that the piece to be tested is horizontal and the middle of the piece to be tested is suspended;
and the monitoring system is used for acquiring the impact force and the impact displacement data of the main hammer body and the piece to be detected and acquiring an impact energy time-course curve according to the impact force and the impact displacement data.
2. The anchor rod axial impact test bed according to claim 1, wherein the protecting sleeve comprises an upper protecting sleeve, a plug and a lower protecting sleeve, one end of the upper protecting sleeve is fixedly connected with the hanging ring, the other end of the upper protecting sleeve is in threaded connection with the outer side of the plug, one end of the lower protecting sleeve is in threaded connection with the inner side of the plug, and the other end of the lower protecting sleeve is abutted to the deformed steel fixture.
3. The rock bolt axial impact test bench of claim 1, wherein the main hammer block comprises a hammer block assembly, a weight and a hammer head, the hammer block assembly is slidably connected to the main frame, the weight is detachably connected to the hammer block assembly, and the hammer head is arranged on the lower side of the hammer block assembly.
4. The anchor rod axial impact test bed according to claim 3, wherein the hammer block assembly comprises an upper hammer block, a lower hammer block, a side hammer block, a guide sleeve and a locking rod;
the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body are arranged in parallel at intervals, two side hammer bodies are arranged, the two side hammer bodies are arranged between the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body in parallel at intervals, and the upper hammer body, the lower hammer body and the side hammer bodies surround an arrangement area;
the locking rod is vertically arranged between the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body, and a locking sleeve is arranged on the locking rod;
the weights are provided with positioning grooves, the weights are vertically stacked in the arrangement area, and the locking rods are embedded in the positioning grooves;
the guide sleeve is arranged at the end parts of the upper hammer body and the lower hammer body and is in sliding connection with the main frame.
5. The axial impact test bed of the anchor rod according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnet is a power-off electromagnet.
6. The anchor rod axial impact test bed according to claim 1, further comprising a hammer receiving device, wherein the hammer receiving device comprises a base, a turning driving member and a support plate, the base is fixedly connected with the main frame, the support plate is rotatably connected to the base, the support plate has a protection state of turning over to a falling path of the main hammer body and an avoidance state of turning over to the outside of the falling path of the main hammer body, and the turning driving member is connected to the support plate and is used for driving the support plate to switch between the protection state and the avoidance state.
7. The anchor rod axial impact test stand according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device is an electric hoist which is arranged on the main frame and detachably connected with the hammer lifting device.
8. The rock bolt axial impact test stand of claim 1, further comprising a buffer device fixedly connected to the main frame and located at a lower end of a drop path of the main ram.
9. A test method suitable for use in a rock bolt axial impact test stand according to any one of claims 1 to 8, including:
the part to be tested is hung on the hammer lifting device through the axial impact fixing assembly, and the deformed steel bar clamp is positioned on a falling path of the main hammer body;
confirming impact energy, and determining the height of a drop hammer and the balance weight of the main hammer body according to the impact energy;
lifting the main hammer body to the height of the drop hammer and enabling the main hammer body to freely fall to impact the piece to be tested;
and acquiring the impact force and the impact displacement of the main hammer body and the piece to be tested, and acquiring an impact energy time-course curve according to the impact force and the impact displacement.
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| CN116263053A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-16 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Vacuum suction type anti-floating anchor rod |
| CN115165621A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-11 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Device and method for testing axial mechanical property of anchor rod |
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