CN112797074B - Ball bearing with micro-texture on surfaces of inner ring roller paths and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Ball bearing with micro-texture on surfaces of inner ring roller paths and processing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112797074B
CN112797074B CN202110072555.7A CN202110072555A CN112797074B CN 112797074 B CN112797074 B CN 112797074B CN 202110072555 A CN202110072555 A CN 202110072555A CN 112797074 B CN112797074 B CN 112797074B
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bearing
outer ring
inner ring
raceway surface
micro
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CN112797074A (en
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刘晓初
黄伟锋
朱锐
高伟林
黄建枫
雷成豪
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Guangzhou University
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Guangzhou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585—Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
    • C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/664—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/6651—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing in recesses or cavities provided in retainers, races or rolling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6681—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearing, e.g. grooves on the cage or passages in the rolling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/60—Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/02—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of inner and outer ring raceways and a processing method thereof, comprising a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and rolling bodies, wherein the raceway surfaces of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surfaces of the bearing outer ring are both provided with a reinforced grinding layer, the surfaces of the reinforced grinding layer are provided with one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, each pit is in a partial sphere shape, and the openings of the pits face to a tangent line perpendicular to the raceway surfaces. The method comprises the steps of processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of a ball bearing; performing reinforced grinding processing and then cleaning; performing rapid laser milling by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system to prepare one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction; the polishing was performed again using ultrasonic cleaning.

Description

Ball bearing with micro-texture on surfaces of inner ring roller paths and processing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ball bearings, in particular to a ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of inner and outer ring raceways and a processing method thereof.
Background
The bearing is a core component in mechanical equipment, and the serious friction and abrasion phenomenon not only can reduce the service life of the bearing, but also directly affects the integral operation safety and service life of the heavy equipment.
Along with the continuous improvement of manufacturing technology, in order to further optimize various physical properties of a bearing, such as bearing capacity, wear resistance and friction coefficient, a processing method for performing surface texture on a workpiece is proposed in the prior art, and the surface micro-texture technology refers to a processing technology for processing micro-structures such as pits and protrusions on the surface of a mechanical part by using a special processing method so as to improve the tribological properties of the surface of the part. For example, the invention patent with application publication number CN108571514a discloses a semi-elliptical distributed textured surface for a radial sliding bearing, which is arranged on the sliding bearing in an elliptical shape, and is based on a circular pit texture arranged in a rectangular grid array, so that the oil film thickness of a friction pair is effectively increased, and the possibility that the oil film breaks to cause direct contact of metals is reduced.
The surface structure is a semi-ellipse, is positioned at an inlet of a bearing unfolding plane, is not uniformly distributed on raceways of an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing, and the circular pit textures are arranged in a matrix to form a semi-ellipse surface texture, and the semi-ellipse surface texture is in a convergence form from a lubricating oil inlet of the bearing, so that although the bearing capacity and the friction coefficient can be higher, the limiting effect of hydrodynamic pressure peaks of an oil film near the boundary of the bearing can be reduced, the lubricating effect of the whole raceways is difficult, and the bearing is not suitable for rolling bearings, such as ball bearings and the like, and cannot bring the beneficial effects of improving the lubricating performance, the load resistance, the service life and the like to the ball bearings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the surfaces of the inner ring roller paths and the outer ring roller paths, wherein the micro-texture is arranged on the surfaces of the roller paths of the ball bearing, so that the lubricating performance and the load resistance of the ball bearing can be effectively improved, and the service life of the ball bearing can be prolonged.
The invention further aims to provide a processing method of the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the surfaces of the inner ring roller paths and the outer ring roller paths.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a ball bearing that inner and outer race raceway surface has micro-texture, includes bearing inner race, bearing outer race and sets up the rolling element between bearing inner race and bearing outer race, the raceway surface of bearing inner race and the raceway surface of bearing outer race all are equipped with the enhancement grinding layer, the surface of enhancement grinding layer is equipped with one or more group along the micro-texture structure of axial direction arrangement of bearing, every micro-texture structure of group includes a plurality of recesses of evenly arranging along the circumferencial direction, the pit is the part sphericity, the opening of pit is towards the tangent line of perpendicular to raceway surface.
The depth of the pit is 3-4 mu m, the diameter of the pit is 100-160 mu m, the distance between adjacent pits is 200-400 mu m, and a retainer is arranged on the outer side of the rolling body.
And drainage grooves are formed between adjacent pits along the circumferential direction of the bearing, the drainage grooves are communicated with the adjacent pits, and the depth of the drainage grooves is smaller than that of the pits.
A processing method of a ball bearing with micro-textures on inner and outer ring raceways comprises the following steps:
S1, processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of the ball bearing;
s2, carrying out reinforced grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, and then cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring;
s3, performing rapid laser milling on the reinforced grinding layers of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system, and preparing one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction;
and s4, cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using ultrasonic waves, and polishing.
In step s2, a reinforced grinder containing an abrasive including a mixture of a grinding liquid, a grinding powder, and a bearing steel shot is used and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are subjected to reinforced grinding processing by a reinforced grinding gas, and the abrasive is put into the reinforced grinder.
The grinding powder adopts brown corundum, the diameter of the bearing steel shot is 2mm, and the mass ratio of the brown corundum to the bearing steel shot is 3:7-1:4;
the formula mass ratio of the grinding fluid is as follows: sodium benzoate 2%, borax 4%, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 5%, sodium hydroxide 1%, triethanolamine 5%, polydimethylsiloxane 0.1%, water 62%, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 0.5%, benzotriazole 0.4%, and triethylamine alcohol borate 20%;
The formula volume ratio of the reinforced grinding gas is as follows: helium 10%, nitrogen 70%, methane 5%, carbon monoxide 2% and air 13%.
In step s2, the parameters of the reinforced grinding machine are: the diameter of the spray head is 12mm, the distance between the spray head and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring or the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring is 45mm, the rotating speed of the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring is 140r/min, the spraying pressure of the spray head is 0.6-0.8 Mpa, and the spraying time of the spray head is 6-7 min.
In step s3, the multi-axis linkage laser processing system comprises a laser and a lens, the wavelength of a laser beam of the multi-axis linkage laser processing system is 532nm, the Q-switching frequency is 5-15 KHz, the beam quality is M 2 <2, the divergence angle theta is less than 0.003mrad, and the beam mode is a fundamental mode TEM00.
In step s3, the rapid laser milling of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring includes the steps of:
ss1, polishing the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, cleaning with nitric alcohol, and then airing;
ss2, respectively positioning and clamping the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, focusing and irradiating laser beams on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring through lenses, carrying out pit-by-pit processing along the circumferential direction, and forming a pit array by processing a plurality of routes;
ss3, cleaning the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring by ultrasonic waves, and further polishing.
In step ss2, when the bearing inner ring is machined, the laser beam is emitted perpendicularly to the axial direction of the bearing, is focused on the raceway surface after being turned by the lens, and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring is machined, comprising the steps of:
ss211, first machining any point of the bottommost route;
ss212, bearing inner race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise L 1 is the distance between adjacent pits, and D 1 is the diameter of a raceway of the bearing inner ring;
ss213 and repeating the step ss212 until the bearing inner ring rotates 360 degrees and returns to the original processing position, and processing of a group of micro-texture structures is completed;
And (5) axially moving the inner ring of the bearing by a distance L, and repeating the steps from ss212 to ss213 to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
In step ss2, when processing the bearing outer ring, be equipped with plane mirror and lens in the center department of bearing outer ring, plane mirror and incident laser beam are 45 contained angles, and the laser beam is along being parallel to the axial direction of bearing, and through the lens focusing on the raceway surface after the plane mirror reflection, the raceway surface of processing the bearing outer ring includes the following steps:
ss221, first machining any point of the bottommost route;
ss222, bearing outer race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise L 2 is the distance between adjacent pits, and D 2 is the diameter of a raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;
And step ss223, repeating the step ss222, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing outer ring is the same each time until the bearing outer ring rotates 360 degrees, returning to the original processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
And ss224, and the bearing outer ring move along the axial direction by a distance L, and the steps ss 222-ss 223 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
The working principle of the ball bearing is as follows:
In operation, the rolling bodies (balls) roll between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are both provided with a reinforced grinding layer (the raceway surface is the collection of contact points through which the balls roll), and the reinforced grinding layer is provided with a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. Because the reinforced grinding layer has a plurality of excellent physical properties (high rigidity strength and high surface quality), the abrasive dust and abrasive particles generated in the running process of the bearing can be reduced in the rolling process, so that the bearing wear rate is reduced, the pits can store lubricating oil and can also accommodate abrasive particles generated in the rotating process, the occurrence of the phenomenon of three-body wear is reduced, and the wear resistance and the fatigue resistance of the bearing are improved.
Further, since each pit is filled with the lubricating oil, when a part of the rolling body enters the pit in front, a part of the lubricating oil in the pit is squeezed out (the volume of the overflowed lubricating oil is equal to that of the part of the rolling body entering the pit), and in the rolling direction, since the rolling body rolls into the pit from the rear of the pit, that is, the rolling body provides forward thrust to the overflowed lubricating oil, the overflowed lubricating oil moves forward to enter the next pit, so that the lubricating oil is replenished to the next pit, so that the next pit can repeat the rolling lubrication, and thus, the circulation can ensure enough lubricating oil in the pit for a long time, and the secondary lubrication can be realized without adding the lubricating oil again.
In addition, in the traditional ball bearing, the rolling bodies are in single-point contact (or point area surface contact) with the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing, while in the ball bearing provided by the invention, the rolling bodies are in circular line contact (or annular surface contact) with the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing, which is equivalent to dispersing concentrated load to the whole annular bearing, so that the load resistance of the bearing can be effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the ball bearing, the reinforced grinding layers are arranged on the surfaces of the inner raceway and the outer raceway, so that the physical properties of the raceways can be improved, the rigidity, the strength and the like of the raceways can be increased, and abrasive particles of abrasive dust generated in the running process of the ball bearing can be reduced.
On the basis of strengthening the grinding layer, a micro-texture structure is further arranged, the micro-texture structure comprises a plurality of pits which are uniformly distributed, the oil storage effect can be achieved, in the rolling process, rolling bodies roll over the pits which are uniformly distributed along the rolling direction in sequence, lubricating oil in the pits at the back is extruded into the pits at the front, the lubricating oil is circularly reciprocated, enough lubricating oil in the pits can be ensured after a long time, the lubricating effect is improved, and the secondary lubrication is realized under the condition that the lubricating oil does not need to be added again.
The pits in the ball bearing can also accommodate abrasive particles generated in the rotation process, and reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of three-body abrasion, thereby improving the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the ball bearing.
In the ball bearing, the rolling bodies are in circular line contact (or annular surface contact) with the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing, which is equivalent to dispersing concentrated load to the whole annular bearing, so that the load resistance of the bearing can be effectively improved.
The micro-texture structure is arranged on the raceway surface, so that pure rolling can be increased, the rolling balls are prevented from slipping in the raceway, and the raceway scratch is effectively avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of inner and outer race tracks, and the figure is a single-row ball bearing.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of inner and outer race tracks, and the diagram is a double-row aligning ball bearing.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the double row self-aligning ball bearing of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of fig. 3 in the direction a.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a multilayer composite structure of a raceway base of a ball bearing.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of laser machining of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of laser machining of the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pit array.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a pit array.
Fig. 10 is a partial enlarged view of the pit array.
Fig. 11 is a processing line diagram of a pit array, and the arrow direction is the processing line direction.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method of processing a ball bearing with micro-texture on the inner and outer race surfaces.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
Wherein, for ease of viewing, reference numerals are now collectively described: the bearing comprises a bearing inner ring 1, a bearing outer ring 2, a rolling body 3, a pit 4, a laser 5, a laser beam 6, a convex lens 7, a raceway surface of the bearing inner ring 8, a workbench 9, a raceway surface of the bearing outer ring 10, a plane mirror 11, a surface micro-texture layer, b a residual stress-containing jet chemical physical film layer, c a residual stress-containing nitrogen-enriched surface strengthening layer and d a bearing substrate. Where h is pit depth and d is pit diameter. Where L is the pit spacing.
The ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of inner and outer ring raceways comprises a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and rolling bodies arranged between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, wherein the raceway surfaces of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surfaces of the bearing outer ring are respectively provided with a reinforced grinding layer, one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing are arranged on the surfaces of the reinforced grinding layers, each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, each pit is in a local sphere shape, and the opening of each pit faces to a tangent line perpendicular to the raceway surface.
The depth of the pits is 3-4 mu m, the diameter of the pits is 100-160 mu m, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 200-400 mu m, a retainer (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the outer side of each rolling body and is used for positioning the rolling bodies, the retainer and the rolling bodies are arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing, and the retainer moves along with the rolling bodies.
And drainage grooves are formed between adjacent pits along the circumferential direction of the bearing, the drainage grooves are communicated with the adjacent pits, and the depth of the drainage grooves is smaller than that of the pits.
In fig. 1, the single-row ball bearing is formed by annular grooves on the surfaces of inner and outer raceways, balls are matched between the two grooves, and the pits 4 are formed on the surfaces of the grooves by precision machining. In fig. 2, the double-row aligning ball bearing is characterized in that the surface of an inner raceway is formed by annular grooves, the surface of an outer raceway is an arc surface, and the pits 4 are formed on the surfaces of the grooves and the arc surface through precise machining. Further, the pits in fig. 1 and 2 are schematic positions, and do not represent actual dimensions (the actual dimensions may be on the order of micrometers or less).
Referring to fig. 1-4, the pits 4 are divided into a plurality of groups along the axial direction, and each group of pits 4 includes a plurality of pits 4 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. The pit 4 is partially spherical. Referring to fig. 3 to 4, 3 sets of pits 4 (4 sets, 5 sets or more are also possible) are provided on the surface of a single raceway of the bearing inner ring 1, and during rolling, the rolling elements 3 can be simultaneously brought into contact with the three juxtaposed pits 4, which can further enhance the lubrication capacity and the bearing capacity.
The working principle of the ball bearing is as follows:
In operation, the rolling bodies (balls) roll between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, and as the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are both provided with a reinforced grinding layer (the raceway surface is the collection of contact points through which the balls roll), and the reinforced grinding layer is provided with a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. Because the reinforced grinding layer has a plurality of excellent physical properties, the abrasive dust and abrasive particles generated in the running process of the bearing can be reduced in the rolling process, so that the bearing wear rate is reduced, the pits can store lubricating oil, the abrasive particles generated in the rotating process can be contained, the occurrence of the phenomenon of three-body abrasion is reduced, and the wear resistance and the fatigue resistance of the bearing are improved.
Further, since each pit is filled with the lubricating oil, when a part of the rolling body enters the pit in front, a part of the lubricating oil in the pit is squeezed out (the volume of the overflowed lubricating oil is equal to that of the part of the rolling body entering the pit), and in the rolling direction, since the rolling body rolls into the pit from the rear of the pit, that is, the rolling body provides forward thrust to the overflowed lubricating oil, the overflowed lubricating oil moves forward to enter the next pit, so that the lubricating oil is replenished to the next pit, so that the next pit can repeat the rolling lubrication, and thus, the circulation can ensure enough lubricating oil in the pit for a long time, and the secondary lubrication can be realized without adding the lubricating oil again.
In addition, in the traditional ball bearing, the rolling bodies are in single-point contact (or point area surface contact) with the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing, while in the ball bearing provided by the invention, the rolling bodies are in circular line contact (or annular surface contact) with the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing, which is equivalent to dispersing concentrated load to the whole annular bearing, so that the load resistance of the bearing can be effectively improved.
Example 2
The processing method of the ball bearing with the micro-texture inner ring roller path in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 5-12, comprises the following steps:
S1, processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of the ball bearing;
s2, carrying out reinforced grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, and then cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring;
s3, performing rapid laser milling on the reinforced grinding layers of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system, and preparing one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction;
and s4, cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using ultrasonic waves, and polishing.
In step s2, a reinforced grinder containing an abrasive including a mixture of a grinding liquid, a grinding powder, and a bearing steel shot is used and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are subjected to reinforced grinding processing by a reinforced grinding gas, and the abrasive is put into the reinforced grinder.
The grinding powder adopts brown corundum, the diameter of the bearing steel shot is 2mm, and the mass ratio of the brown corundum to the bearing steel shot is 3:7-1:4;
the formula mass ratio of the grinding fluid is as follows: sodium benzoate 2%, borax 4%, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 5%, sodium hydroxide 1%, triethanolamine 5%, polydimethylsiloxane 0.1%, water 62%, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 0.5%, benzotriazole 0.4%, and triethylamine alcohol borate 20%;
The formula volume ratio of the reinforced grinding gas is as follows: helium 10%, nitrogen 70%, methane 5%, carbon monoxide 2% and air 13%.
In step s2, the parameters of the reinforced grinding machine are: the diameter of the spray head is 12mm, the distance between the spray head and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring or the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring is 45mm, the rotating speed of the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring is 140r/min, the spraying pressure of the spray head is 0.6-0.8 Mpa, and the spraying time of the spray head is 6-7 min.
In step s3, the multi-axis linkage laser processing system comprises a laser and a lens, the wavelength of a laser beam of the multi-axis linkage laser processing system is 532nm, the Q-switching frequency is 5-15 KHz, the beam quality is M 2 <2, the divergence angle theta is less than 0.003mrad, and the beam mode is a fundamental mode TEM00.
In step s3, the rapid laser milling of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring includes the steps of:
ss1, polishing the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, cleaning with nitric alcohol, and then airing;
ss2, respectively positioning and clamping the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, focusing and irradiating laser beams on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring through lenses, carrying out pit-by-pit processing along the circumferential direction, and forming a pit array by processing a plurality of routes;
ss3, cleaning the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring by ultrasonic waves, and further polishing.
In step ss2, when the bearing inner ring is machined, the laser beam is emitted perpendicularly to the axial direction of the bearing, is focused on the raceway surface after being turned by the lens, and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring is machined, comprising the steps of:
ss211, first machining any point of the bottommost route;
ss212, bearing inner race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise L 1 is the distance between adjacent pits, and D 1 is the diameter of a raceway of the bearing inner ring;
ss213 and repeating the step ss212 until the bearing inner ring rotates 360 degrees and returns to the original processing position, and processing of a group of micro-texture structures is completed;
And (5) axially moving the inner ring of the bearing by a distance L, and repeating the steps from ss212 to ss213 to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
In step ss2, when processing the bearing outer ring, be equipped with plane mirror and lens in the center department of bearing outer ring, plane mirror and incident laser beam are 45 contained angles, and the laser beam is along being parallel to the axial direction of bearing, and through the lens focusing on the raceway surface after the plane mirror reflection, the raceway surface of processing the bearing outer ring includes the following steps:
ss221, first machining any point of the bottommost route;
ss222, bearing outer race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise L 2 is the distance between adjacent pits, and D 2 is the diameter of a raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;
And step ss223, repeating the step ss222, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing outer ring is the same each time until the bearing outer ring rotates 360 degrees, returning to the original processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
And ss224, and the bearing outer ring move along the axial direction by a distance L, and the steps ss 222-ss 223 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
As described above, the present invention can be better realized, and the above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all equivalent changes and modifications are intended to be covered by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The processing method of the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the inner ring raceway and the outer ring raceway is characterized in that the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the inner ring raceway surface comprises a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and rolling bodies arranged between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are both provided with a reinforced grinding layer, one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing are arranged on the surface of the reinforced grinding layer, each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, each pit is in a local sphere shape, and the opening of each pit faces to a tangent line perpendicular to the raceway surface;
The method comprises the following steps:
S1, processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of the ball bearing;
s2, carrying out reinforced grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, and then cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring;
s3, performing rapid laser milling on the reinforced grinding layers of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system, and preparing one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction;
s4, cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using ultrasonic waves, and polishing;
in step s3, the rapid laser milling of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring includes the steps of:
ss1, polishing the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, cleaning with nitric alcohol, and then airing;
ss2, respectively positioning and clamping the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, focusing and irradiating laser beams on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring through lenses, carrying out pit-by-pit processing along the circumferential direction, and forming a pit array by processing a plurality of routes;
ss3, cleaning the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring by ultrasonic waves, and further polishing;
In step ss2, when the bearing inner ring is machined, the laser beam is emitted perpendicularly to the axial direction of the bearing, is focused on the raceway surface after being turned by the lens, and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring is machined, comprising the steps of:
ss211, first machining any point of the bottommost route;
ss212, bearing inner race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise L 1 is the distance between adjacent pits, and D 1 is the diameter of a raceway of the bearing inner ring;
ss213 and repeating the step ss212 until the bearing inner ring rotates 360 degrees and returns to the original processing position, and processing of a group of micro-texture structures is completed;
ss214, the bearing inner ring moves along the axial direction by a distance L, and the steps from ss212 to ss213 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures;
In step ss2, when processing the bearing outer ring, be equipped with plane mirror and lens in the center department of bearing outer ring, plane mirror and incident laser beam are 45 contained angles, and the laser beam is along being parallel to the axial direction of bearing, and through the lens focusing on the raceway surface after the plane mirror reflection, the raceway surface of processing the bearing outer ring includes the following steps:
ss221, first machining any point of the bottommost route;
ss222, bearing outer race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise L 2 is the distance between adjacent pits, and D 2 is the diameter of a raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;
And step ss223, repeating the step ss222, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing outer ring is the same each time until the bearing outer ring rotates 360 degrees, returning to the original processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
And ss224, and the bearing outer ring move along the axial direction by a distance L, and the steps ss 222-ss 223 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
2. The method for manufacturing a micro-textured ball bearing with inner and outer races according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the pits is 3-4 μm, the diameter of the pits is 100-160 μm, the distance between adjacent pits is 200-400 μm, and a cage is provided on the outer side of the rolling element.
3. The method of manufacturing a micro-textured ball bearing having inner and outer race tracks according to claim 1, wherein in step s2, a reinforced grinder containing an abrasive including a mixture of grinding fluid, grinding powder, and bearing steel balls is used to perform a reinforced grinding process on the track surface of the inner race and the track surface of the outer race of the bearing by using a reinforced grinding gas, and the abrasive is placed in the reinforced grinder.
4. The method for processing the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the inner ring raceway and the outer ring raceway according to claim 3, wherein the grinding powder is brown corundum, the diameter of the bearing steel shot is 2mm, and the mass ratio of the brown corundum to the bearing steel shot is 3:7-1:4;
the formula mass ratio of the grinding fluid is as follows: sodium benzoate 2%, borax 4%, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 5%, sodium hydroxide 1%, triethanolamine 5%, polydimethylsiloxane 0.1%, water 62%, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 0.5%, benzotriazole 0.4%, and triethylamine alcohol borate 20%;
The formula volume ratio of the reinforced grinding gas is as follows: helium 10%, nitrogen 70%, methane 5%, carbon monoxide 2% and air 13%.
5. A method of manufacturing a micro-textured ball bearing having inner and outer race tracks according to claim 3, wherein in step s2, the parameters of the strengthening mill are: the diameter of the spray head is 12mm, the distance between the spray head and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring or the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring is 45mm, the rotating speed of the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring is 140r/min, the spraying pressure of the spray head is 0.6-0.8 Mpa, and the spraying time of the spray head is 6-7 min.
6. The method for processing the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the inner ring raceway and the outer ring raceway according to claim 1, wherein in the step s3, the multi-axis linkage laser processing system comprises a laser and a lens, the wavelength of a laser beam of the multi-axis linkage laser processing system is 532nm, the Q-switching frequency is 5-15 KHz, the beam quality is M 2 <2, the divergence angle theta is less than 0.003mrad, and the beam mode is a fundamental mode TEM00.
CN202110072555.7A 2021-01-20 2021-01-20 Ball bearing with micro-texture on surfaces of inner ring roller paths and processing method thereof Active CN112797074B (en)

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