CN112797074A - Ball bearing with inner and outer ring raceway surfaces having micro-texture and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Ball bearing with inner and outer ring raceway surfaces having micro-texture and processing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112797074A
CN112797074A CN202110072555.7A CN202110072555A CN112797074A CN 112797074 A CN112797074 A CN 112797074A CN 202110072555 A CN202110072555 A CN 202110072555A CN 112797074 A CN112797074 A CN 112797074A
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bearing
outer ring
raceway surface
inner ring
raceway
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CN112797074B (en
Inventor
刘晓初
黄伟锋
朱锐
高伟林
黄建枫
雷成豪
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Guangzhou University
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Guangzhou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585—Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
    • B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
    • C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/664—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/6651—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing in recesses or cavities provided in retainers, races or rolling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6681—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearing, e.g. grooves on the cage or passages in the rolling elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/60—Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/02—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing

Abstract

The invention discloses a ball bearing with microtexture on the surface of an inner ring raceway and an outer ring raceway and a processing method thereof, and the ball bearing comprises a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and a rolling body, wherein the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are respectively provided with a reinforced grinding layer, the surface of the reinforced grinding layer is provided with one group or a plurality of groups of microtexture structures which are arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, each group of microtexture structures comprises a plurality of pits which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the pits are locally spherical, and the openings of the pits face a tangent line which is vertical to the raceway. The method comprises the steps of processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of a ball bearing; carrying out reinforced grinding processing and then cleaning; carrying out rapid laser milling by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system to prepare one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction; ultrasonic cleaning is used and polishing is performed.

Description

Ball bearing with inner and outer ring raceway surfaces having micro-texture and processing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ball bearings, in particular to a ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of inner and outer ring raceways and a processing method thereof.
Background
The bearing is a core component in mechanical equipment, and the severe friction and wear phenomena not only can reduce the service life of the bearing, but also directly influence the overall operation safety and service life of the major equipment.
With the continuous improvement of manufacturing technology, in order to further optimize various physical properties of bearings, such as bearing capacity, wear resistance and friction coefficient, the prior art proposes a processing method for performing surface texture on a workpiece, and the surface micro-texture technology refers to a processing technology for processing micro-structures such as pits and protrusions on the surface of a mechanical part by using a special processing method to improve the surface tribological properties of the part. For example, the invention patent with application publication number CN108571514A discloses "a semi-elliptical distribution textured surface for a radial sliding bearing", which is disposed on the sliding bearing in an elliptical shape, and based on a round pit texture arranged in a rectangular grid array, the thickness of an oil film of a friction pair is effectively increased, and the possibility of metal direct contact caused by oil film breakage is reduced.
The surface structure is wholly in a semi-elliptical shape, is positioned at an inlet of a bearing unfolding plane and is unevenly distributed on raceways of an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing, and the circular pit textures are arranged in a matrix to form a semi-elliptical surface texture which is in a convergent form from a lubricating oil inlet of the bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the ball bearing with the inner and outer ring raceway surfaces provided with the micro-texture.
The invention also aims to provide a method for processing the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the surfaces of the inner and outer ring raceways.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of an inner raceway and an outer raceway of an outer ring comprises a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and a rolling body arranged between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, wherein the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are respectively provided with a reinforced grinding layer, the surface of each reinforced grinding layer is provided with one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, each pit is in a local spherical shape, and the opening of each pit faces to a tangent line perpendicular to the raceway surface.
The depth of the pits is 3-4 mu m, the diameter of each pit is 100-160 mu m, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 200-400 mu m, and a retainer is arranged on the outer side of the rolling body.
And a drainage groove is formed between every two adjacent pits along the circumferential direction of the bearing and is communicated with the adjacent pits, and the depth of the drainage groove is smaller than that of each pit.
A processing method of a ball bearing with inner and outer ring raceways having micro-textures comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of the ball bearing;
s2, carrying out reinforced grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, and then cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring;
s3, carrying out rapid laser milling on the reinforced grinding layers on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system, and preparing one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction;
and s4, cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using ultrasonic waves, and polishing.
In step s2, an intensified grinding machine with abrasives including a mixture of grinding fluid, grinding powder and bearing steel shot is used to perform intensified grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by utilizing intensified grinding gas, and the abrasives are placed in the intensified grinding machine.
The grinding powder is brown corundum, the diameter of the bearing steel shot is 2mm, and the mass ratio of the brown corundum to the bearing steel shot is 3: 7-1: 4;
the formula mass ratio of the grinding fluid is as follows: 2% of sodium benzoate, 4% of borax, 5% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1% of sodium hydroxide, 5% of triethanolamine, 0.1% of polydimethylsiloxane, 62% of water, 0.5% of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 0.4% of benzotriazole and 20% of triethylamine alcohol borate;
the formula volume ratio of the reinforced grinding gas is as follows: helium 10%, nitrogen 70%, methane 5%, carbon monoxide 2% and air 13%.
In step s2, the parameters of the intensive grinding machine are: the diameter of the spray head is 12mm, the distance between the spray head and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring or the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring is 45mm, the rotating speeds of the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring are 140r/min, the spray pressure of the spray head is 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the spray time of the spray head is 6-7 min.
In step s3, the multi-axis linkage laser processing system comprises a laser and a lens, the wavelength of a laser beam of the multi-axis linkage laser processing system is 532nm, the Q-switching frequency is 5-15 KHz, and the beam quality is M2<2, divergence angle θ is less than 0.003mrad, beam mode is fundamental mode TEM 00.
In step s3, the rapid laser milling processing of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring includes the following steps:
ss1, polishing the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, cleaning with nitric acid and alcohol, and drying in the air;
ss2, respectively positioning and clamping the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, irradiating laser beams on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring through lens focusing, processing pits one by one along the circumferential direction, and forming a pit array by processing a plurality of routes;
ss3, the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring are cleaned by ultrasonic waves and further polished.
In step ss2, when the bearing inner ring is machined, the laser beam is emitted perpendicular to the axial direction of the bearing, is turned by the lens and then is focused on the raceway surface, and the machining of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring comprises the following steps:
ss211, processing any point of the path at the bottommost end firstly;
ss212, bearing inner race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise
Figure BDA0002906394720000031
L1Is the spacing of adjacent pits, D1The diameter of the raceway of the bearing inner ring;
ss213, repeating the step of ss212, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing inner ring is the same each time until the bearing inner ring rotates for 360 degrees, returning to the initial processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
and (4) the ss214 and the bearing inner ring move for a distance L along the axial direction, and the steps from ss212 to ss213 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
In step ss2, when the bearing outer ring is machined, a plane mirror and a lens are arranged at the center of the bearing outer ring, an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the plane mirror and an incident laser beam, the laser beam is emitted along the axial direction parallel to the bearing, and is focused on the raceway surface through the lens after being reflected by the plane mirror, and the machining of the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring comprises the following steps:
ss221, processing any point of the path at the bottommost end firstly;
ss222, bearing outer ring rotates clockwise or counterclockwise
Figure BDA0002906394720000041
L2Is the spacing of adjacent pits, D2The diameter of the raceway of the bearing outer ring;
ss223, repeating the step of ss222, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing outer ring is the same every time until the bearing outer ring rotates for 360 degrees, returning to the initial processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
and (4) the ss224 and the bearing outer ring move for a distance L along the axial direction, and the steps from ss222 to ss223 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
The working principle of the ball bearing is as follows:
when the rolling bearing works, the rolling bodies (balls) roll between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are both provided with reinforced grinding layers (the raceway surfaces are the aggregation of contact points through which the balls roll), and the reinforced grinding layers are provided with a plurality of pits which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. Because the reinforced grinding layer has many excellent physical characteristics (high rigidity strength and high surface quality), in the rolling process, the abrasive particles generated in the running process of the bearing can be reduced, so that the wear rate of the bearing is reduced, the pits can store lubricating oil, can also contain abrasive particles generated in the rotating process, and reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of three-body wear, so that the wear resistance and the fatigue resistance of the bearing are improved.
Furthermore, as each pit is filled with lubricating oil, when part of rolling parts of the rolling elements enter the front pit, part of the lubricating oil in the pit can be extruded out (the volume of the overflowed lubricating oil is equal to the volume of the part of the rolling parts of the rolling elements entering the pit), and along the rolling direction, as the rolling elements roll into the pit from the back of the pit, namely the rolling elements can provide forward thrust to the overflowed lubricating oil, so that the overflowed lubricating oil moves forwards and enters the next pit, so as to supplement the lubricating oil for the next pit, so that the next pit can repeat the rolling lubrication, and the circulation is repeated, so that enough lubricating oil in the pit can be ensured for a long time, and the 'secondary lubrication' can be realized without adding the lubricating oil again.
In addition, in the conventional ball bearing, the rolling bodies are in single-point contact (or in point-shaped area surface contact) with the bearing inner ring or the bearing outer ring, while in the ball bearing of the present invention, the rolling bodies are in circular line contact (or in annular surface contact) with the bearing inner ring or the bearing outer ring, which means that concentrated load is dispersed to the whole annular bearing, so that the load resistance of the bearing can be effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the ball bearing, the reinforced grinding layer is arranged on the surfaces of the inner raceway and the outer raceway, so that the physical properties of the raceways can be improved, the rigidity, the strength and the like of the raceways can be increased, and the abrasive dust and abrasive particles generated in the running process of the ball bearing can be reduced.
On the basis of strengthening the grinding layer, set up little texture again, this little texture includes a plurality of pits of evenly arranging, can play the effect of oil storage, at rolling in-process, the rolling element rolls from the top of the pit of evenly arranging along rolling direction in proper order, extrudees the pit in front to the lubricating oil in the pit behind, and the circulation is reciprocal, can guarantee to have sufficient lubricating oil in the pit after long-time, improves lubricated effect, realizes "secondary lubrication" under the condition that need not add lubricating oil again.
The pits in the ball bearing can also contain abrasive particles generated in the rotating process, so that the three-body abrasion phenomenon is reduced, and the abrasion resistance and the fatigue resistance of the ball bearing are improved.
In the ball bearing, the rolling bodies are in circular line contact (or annular surface contact) with the bearing inner ring or the bearing outer ring, which means that concentrated load is dispersed to the whole annular bearing, so that the load resistance of the bearing can be effectively improved.
The micro-texture structure is arranged on the raceway surface, so that pure rolling can be increased, balls are prevented from slipping in the raceway, and the raceway is effectively prevented from being scratched.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the ball bearing with the inner and outer race raceway surfaces having micro-texture, and the figure is a single-row ball bearing.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the ball bearing with the inner and outer ring raceway surfaces having the micro texture, and the diagram is a double-row self-aligning ball bearing.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the double row self-aligning ball bearing of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of fig. 3 from direction a.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a multilayer composite structure of a raceway base body of a ball bearing.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of laser processing of the raceway surface of the bearing inner race.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of laser processing of the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a pit array.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a pit array.
Fig. 10 is a partially enlarged view of the pit array.
Fig. 11 is a processing line diagram of a pit array, and the arrow direction is the processing line direction.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a ball bearing with microtextured raceway surfaces of inner and outer races.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
Wherein, for ease of viewing, reference numerals are now collectively described: the bearing comprises a bearing inner ring 1, a bearing outer ring 2, a rolling body 3, a pit 4, a laser 5, a laser beam 6, a convex lens 7, a raceway surface of the bearing inner ring 8, a workbench 9, a raceway surface of the bearing outer ring 10, a plane mirror 11, a surface micro-texture layer, a spray chemical-physical film layer containing residual stress, a nitrogen-rich surface strengthening layer containing residual stress and a bearing substrate. Where h is the pit depth and d is the pit diameter. Where L is the pit pitch.
A ball bearing with microtexture on the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer races of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-4, includes a bearing inner race, a bearing outer race, and a rolling element disposed between the bearing inner race and the bearing outer race, where the raceway surface of the bearing inner race and the raceway surface of the bearing outer race are both provided with a strengthened grinding layer, the surface of the strengthened grinding layer is provided with one or more groups of microtexture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, each group of microtexture structures includes a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the pits are partially spherical, and the openings of the pits face a tangent line perpendicular to the raceway surface.
The depth of the pits is 3-4 mu m, the diameter of each pit is 100-160 mu m, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 200-400 mu m, a retainer (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the outer side of each rolling body and used for positioning the rolling bodies, the retainer and the rolling bodies are arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing, and the retainer moves along with the rolling bodies.
And a drainage groove is formed between every two adjacent pits along the circumferential direction of the bearing and is communicated with the adjacent pits, and the depth of the drainage groove is smaller than that of each pit.
In the single-row ball bearing shown in fig. 1, the surfaces of the inner and outer raceways of the single-row ball bearing are formed by annular grooves, balls are matched between the two grooves, and the pits 4 are formed in the surfaces of the grooves through precision machining. In fig. 2, the double-row self-aligning ball bearing is shown, the surface of the inner raceway is formed by an annular groove, the surface of the outer raceway is an arc surface, and the concave pits 4 are formed on the surface of the groove and the arc surface through precision machining. Further, the pits in fig. 1 and 2 are schematic in position and do not represent actual dimensions (the actual dimensions may reach the micrometer scale or below).
Referring to fig. 1-4, the dimples 4 are divided into groups along the axial direction, and each group of dimples 4 includes a plurality of dimples 4 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. The pits 4 are partially spherical. Referring to fig. 3-4, 3 sets of pits 4 (4 sets, 5 sets or more) are arranged on the surface of a single raceway of the bearing inner ring 1, and during rolling, the rolling bodies 3 can simultaneously contact with three parallel pits 4, so that the lubricating capacity and the bearing capacity can be further improved.
The working principle of the ball bearing is as follows:
when the rolling bearing works, the rolling bodies (balls) roll between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, and because the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are both provided with reinforced grinding layers (the raceway surfaces are the aggregation of contact points through which the balls roll), and the reinforced grinding layers are provided with a plurality of pits which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction. Because the reinforced grinding layer has many excellent physical properties, in the rolling process, the abrasive dust and abrasive grains generated in the running process of the bearing can be reduced, so that the wear rate of the bearing is reduced, the pits can store lubricating oil, can also contain the abrasive grains generated in the rotating process, and reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of three-body wear, so that the wear resistance and the fatigue resistance of the bearing are improved.
Furthermore, as each pit is filled with lubricating oil, when part of rolling parts of the rolling elements enter the front pit, part of the lubricating oil in the pit can be extruded out (the volume of the overflowed lubricating oil is equal to the volume of the part of the rolling parts of the rolling elements entering the pit), and along the rolling direction, as the rolling elements roll into the pit from the back of the pit, namely the rolling elements can provide forward thrust to the overflowed lubricating oil, so that the overflowed lubricating oil moves forwards and enters the next pit, so as to supplement the lubricating oil for the next pit, so that the next pit can repeat the rolling lubrication, and the circulation is repeated, so that enough lubricating oil in the pit can be ensured for a long time, and the 'secondary lubrication' can be realized without adding the lubricating oil again.
In addition, in the conventional ball bearing, the rolling bodies are in single-point contact (or in point-shaped area surface contact) with the bearing inner ring or the bearing outer ring, while in the ball bearing of the present invention, the rolling bodies are in circular line contact (or in annular surface contact) with the bearing inner ring or the bearing outer ring, which means that concentrated load is dispersed to the whole annular bearing, so that the load resistance of the bearing can be effectively improved.
Example 2
The method for processing the ball bearing with the inner and outer ring raceways having the microtexture as shown in fig. 5-12 in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of the ball bearing;
s2, carrying out reinforced grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, and then cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring;
s3, carrying out rapid laser milling on the reinforced grinding layers on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system, and preparing one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction;
and s4, cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using ultrasonic waves, and polishing.
In step s2, an intensified grinding machine with abrasives including a mixture of grinding fluid, grinding powder and bearing steel shot is used to perform intensified grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by utilizing intensified grinding gas, and the abrasives are placed in the intensified grinding machine.
The grinding powder is brown corundum, the diameter of the bearing steel shot is 2mm, and the mass ratio of the brown corundum to the bearing steel shot is 3: 7-1: 4;
the formula mass ratio of the grinding fluid is as follows: 2% of sodium benzoate, 4% of borax, 5% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1% of sodium hydroxide, 5% of triethanolamine, 0.1% of polydimethylsiloxane, 62% of water, 0.5% of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 0.4% of benzotriazole and 20% of triethylamine alcohol borate;
the formula volume ratio of the reinforced grinding gas is as follows: helium 10%, nitrogen 70%, methane 5%, carbon monoxide 2% and air 13%.
In step s2, the parameters of the intensive grinding machine are: the diameter of the spray head is 12mm, the distance between the spray head and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring or the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring is 45mm, the rotating speeds of the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring are 140r/min, the spray pressure of the spray head is 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the spray time of the spray head is 6-7 min.
In step s3, the multi-axis linkage laser processing system comprises a laser and a lens, the wavelength of a laser beam of the multi-axis linkage laser processing system is 532nm, the Q-switching frequency is 5-15 KHz, and the beam quality is M2<2, divergence angle θ is less than 0.003mrad, beam mode is fundamental mode TEM 00.
In step s3, the rapid laser milling processing of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring includes the following steps:
ss1, polishing the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, cleaning with nitric acid and alcohol, and drying in the air;
ss2, respectively positioning and clamping the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, irradiating laser beams on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring through lens focusing, processing pits one by one along the circumferential direction, and forming a pit array by processing a plurality of routes;
ss3, the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring are cleaned by ultrasonic waves and further polished.
In step ss2, when the bearing inner ring is machined, the laser beam is emitted perpendicular to the axial direction of the bearing, is turned by the lens and then is focused on the raceway surface, and the machining of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring comprises the following steps:
ss211, processing any point of the path at the bottommost end firstly;
ss212, bearing inner race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise
Figure BDA0002906394720000091
L1Is the spacing of adjacent pits, D1The diameter of the raceway of the bearing inner ring;
ss213, repeating the step of ss212, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing inner ring is the same each time until the bearing inner ring rotates for 360 degrees, returning to the initial processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
and (4) the ss214 and the bearing inner ring move for a distance L along the axial direction, and the steps from ss212 to ss213 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
In step ss2, when the bearing outer ring is machined, a plane mirror and a lens are arranged at the center of the bearing outer ring, an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the plane mirror and an incident laser beam, the laser beam is emitted along the axial direction parallel to the bearing, and is focused on the raceway surface through the lens after being reflected by the plane mirror, and the machining of the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring comprises the following steps:
ss221, processing any point of the path at the bottommost end firstly;
ss222, bearing outer ring rotates clockwise or counterclockwise
Figure BDA0002906394720000101
L2Is the spacing of adjacent pits, D2The diameter of the raceway of the bearing outer ring;
ss223, repeating the step of ss222, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing outer ring is the same every time until the bearing outer ring rotates for 360 degrees, returning to the initial processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
and (4) the ss224 and the bearing outer ring move for a distance L along the axial direction, and the steps from ss222 to ss223 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
As mentioned above, the present invention can be better realized, and the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A ball bearing with micro-textures on the surfaces of an inner raceway and an outer raceway of an outer ring comprises a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and a rolling body arranged between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, wherein the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring are both provided with reinforced grinding layers.
2. The ball bearing with the micro-texture on the inner and outer ring raceways is characterized in that the depth of the pits is 3-4 μm, the diameter of the pits is 100-160 μm, the distance between adjacent pits is 200-400 μm, and a retainer is arranged on the outer side of the rolling element.
3. A processing method of a ball bearing with an inner ring raceway and an outer ring raceway having micro textures is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, processing a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring according to the design size of the ball bearing;
s2, carrying out reinforced grinding processing on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, and then cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring;
s3, carrying out rapid laser milling on the reinforced grinding layers on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using a multi-axis linkage laser processing system, and preparing one or more groups of micro-texture structures arranged along the axial direction of the bearing, wherein each group of micro-texture structures comprises a plurality of pits uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction;
and s4, cleaning the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring by using ultrasonic waves, and polishing.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step s2, an intensified grinding machine containing abrasives including a mixture of grinding fluid, grinding powder and bearing steel balls is used to perform intensified grinding processing on the raceway surface of the inner race and the raceway surface of the outer race of the bearing by using intensified grinding gas, and the abrasives are put into the intensified grinding machine.
5. The processing method of the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the inner ring raceway and the outer ring raceway is characterized in that the grinding powder is brown corundum, the diameter of the bearing steel shot is 2mm, and the mass ratio of the brown corundum to the bearing steel shot is 3: 7-1: 4;
the formula mass ratio of the grinding fluid is as follows: 2% of sodium benzoate, 4% of borax, 5% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1% of sodium hydroxide, 5% of triethanolamine, 0.1% of polydimethylsiloxane, 62% of water, 0.5% of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 0.4% of benzotriazole and 20% of triethylamine alcohol borate;
the formula volume ratio of the reinforced grinding gas is as follows: helium 10%, nitrogen 70%, methane 5%, carbon monoxide 2% and air 13%.
6. A method for manufacturing a ball bearing with inner and outer races having micro-texture as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step s2, the parameters of the intensive grinding machine are: the diameter of the spray head is 12mm, the distance between the spray head and the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring or the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring is 45mm, the rotating speeds of the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring are 140r/min, the spray pressure of the spray head is 0.6-0.8 MPa, and the spray time of the spray head is 6-7 min.
7. The method for processing the ball bearing with the micro-texture on the inner ring raceway and the outer ring raceway as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step s3, the multi-axis linkage laser processing system comprises a laser and a lens, the wavelength of a laser beam of the multi-axis linkage laser processing system is 532nm, the Q-switching frequency is 5-15 KHz, and the beam quality is M2<2, divergence angle θ is less than 0.003mrad, beam mode is fundamental mode TEM 00.
8. The method for machining the ball bearing with the inner and outer ring raceways having the micro-texture as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rapid laser milling machining of the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring in step s3 comprises the following steps:
ss1, polishing the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring, cleaning with nitric acid and alcohol, and drying in the air;
ss2, respectively positioning and clamping the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, irradiating laser beams on the raceway surface of the bearing inner ring and the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring through lens focusing, processing pits one by one along the circumferential direction, and forming a pit array by processing a plurality of routes;
ss3, the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring are cleaned by ultrasonic waves and further polished.
9. The method for manufacturing a ball bearing with microtextured ball races for inner and outer races according to claim 8, wherein in step ss2, the laser beam is emitted perpendicularly to the axial direction of the bearing and is deflected by the lens and then focused on the race surface, and the step of processing the race surface of the inner race includes the steps of:
ss211, processing any point of the path at the bottommost end firstly;
ss212, bearing inner race rotates clockwise or counterclockwise
Figure FDA0002906394710000031
L1Is the spacing of adjacent pits, D1The diameter of the raceway of the bearing inner ring;
ss213, repeating the step of ss212, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing inner ring is the same each time until the bearing inner ring rotates for 360 degrees, returning to the initial processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
and (4) the ss214 and the bearing inner ring move for a distance L along the axial direction, and the steps from ss212 to ss213 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
10. The method for processing the ball bearing with the microtextured inner and outer ring raceways as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step ss2, when the bearing outer ring is processed, a plane mirror and a lens are disposed at the center of the bearing outer ring, the plane mirror forms an angle of 45 ° with an incident laser beam, the laser beam is emitted in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the bearing, is reflected by the plane mirror and then is focused on the raceway surface through the lens, and the processing of the raceway surface of the bearing outer ring includes the steps of:
ss221, processing any point of the path at the bottommost end firstly;
ss222, bearing outer ring rotates clockwise or counterclockwise
Figure FDA0002906394710000032
L2Is the spacing of adjacent pits, D2The diameter of the raceway of the bearing outer ring;
ss223, repeating the step of ss222, wherein the rotation direction of the bearing outer ring is the same every time until the bearing outer ring rotates for 360 degrees, returning to the initial processing position, and finishing the processing of a group of micro-texture structures;
and (4) the ss224 and the bearing outer ring move for a distance L along the axial direction, and the steps from ss222 to ss223 are repeated to finish the processing of other groups of micro-texture structures.
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