CN112795730B - Heat treatment method for improving performance of drilling tool for down-the-hole drill - Google Patents

Heat treatment method for improving performance of drilling tool for down-the-hole drill Download PDF

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CN112795730B
CN112795730B CN202011554142.4A CN202011554142A CN112795730B CN 112795730 B CN112795730 B CN 112795730B CN 202011554142 A CN202011554142 A CN 202011554142A CN 112795730 B CN112795730 B CN 112795730B
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tempering
quenching
heat treatment
treatment method
drilling tool
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CN112795730A (en
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雷应华
杜正龙
赵小铭
邵新洲
夏世洪
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Wuxue Mingrui Machinery Co ltd
Daye Special Steel Co Ltd
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Wuxue Mingrui Machinery Co ltd
Daye Special Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44—Carburising
    • C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat treatment method for improving the performance of a drilling tool for a down-the-hole drill, which comprises the following steps: isothermal preheating, carburizing, primary quenching, primary tempering, secondary quenching and secondary tempering; in the carburizing step, the drilling tool is carburized in the presence of a carburizing agent; the heat preservation temperature of the carburizing treatment is 890-910 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60-90 min/25 mm; the carburizing agent is propane. According to the invention, the local carburization is followed by quenching and tempering processes, the surface layer obtains tempered martensite by utilizing the carbon concentration difference between the surface layer and the matrix, and the matrix is a tempered sorbite structure, so that the field use effect of the drilling tool is met. The drilling tool prepared by the heat treatment method can greatly improve the comprehensive performance and the service life of materials, the hardness of the alloy-inlaid surface of the drilling tool is improved by 2-3 HRC, the hardness of the jaw surface of the inlaid tooth is improved by 10-12 HRC, the drilling depth is improved by more than 2 times, and the service life of the drilling tool is greatly prolonged.

Description

Heat treatment method for improving performance of drilling tool for down-the-hole drill
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of metal materials, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method for improving the performance of a drilling tool for a down-the-hole drilling machine, which is particularly suitable for large-size drilling tools.
Background
The large-size drill bit is a key part of down-the-hole drill equipment, the service condition of the large-size drill bit is severe, the large-size drill bit not only bears huge impact force in work, but also bears shearing stress in rotary drilling, so that the drilling tool is required to have high strength and high toughness, the drilling tool is required to be wear-resistant and long in service life under the action of complex alternating stress in a load environment, the accumulated drilling depth of the drill bit is required to reach more than 800m, and a drilling tool matrix is not cracked and fails. The drilling tool in the industry at present usually adopts medium carbon alloy steel with 0.30-0.60% of carbon content for quenching and tempering heat treatment so as to obtain good comprehensive performance.
The drill bit material with the size of more than or equal to 450mm is usually 4330V, and is used as a base material of a down-the-hole drill drilling tool after conventional quenching and tempering heat treatment (quenching and high-temperature tempering), and the material has good comprehensive performance. However, by adopting a quenching and tempering heat treatment technology of high-temperature tempering, when the tempering temperature is high, the obtained drill bit material has insufficient strength and is easy to wear; at low tempering temperatures, the resulting drill bit material is prone to fracture. In the prior art, when the drill bit material encounters a hard rock stratum, early abrasion and matrix tearing occur to cause failure due to insufficient wear resistance and strength when a drilling tool drills a hole in a rotary manner, so that a huge loss and a delayed construction period of an engineering project are caused, and the engineering project dispute is caused.
Therefore, the analysis of the aging reasons of the base material of the down-the-hole drill drilling tool in early wear and tear of the base body is carried out, and on the basis, the targeted heat treatment is carried out on the drill bit material, so that the method has important guiding significance for improving the comprehensive performance of the base material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heat treatment method for improving the performance of a drilling tool for a down-the-hole drilling machine under the condition that the material of the existing drilling tool is not changed, the whole quenching and tempering treatment is carried out after the local positioning carburization of the surface, the matrix (namely, the part except a carburized layer) is a tempering sorbite, and the surface layer (namely the carburized layer) obtains a tempering martensite structure; under the condition of ensuring the impact toughness of the matrix, the matrix strength and the wear resistance of the contact part of the surface layer of the drilling tool and the rock are greatly improved, and the service life of the drilling tool and the drilling depth are prolonged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a heat treatment method for improving the performance of a drilling tool for a down-the-hole drill, the heat treatment method comprising the following steps in sequence: isothermal preheating of drilling tool materials, carburizing, primary quenching, primary tempering, secondary quenching and secondary tempering.
In the heat treatment method, preferably, the isothermal preheating step is carried out at a holding temperature of 350 to 550 ℃ (e.g., 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃). In the invention, because the blank of the drilling tool has larger size, isothermal preheating treatment needs to be carried out at a low-temperature section in order to reduce the thermal stress caused by the internal and external temperature difference in the heating process.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the carburizing step, the drill material is carburized in an environment in which a carburizing agent is present;
preferably, the heat preservation temperature of the carburizing treatment is 890-910 ℃ (for example: 900 ℃, 905 ℃), and more preferably, the heat preservation temperature of the carburizing treatment is 910 ℃;
preferably, the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is 60-90 min/25mm (for example, 65min/25mm, 70min/25mm, 80min/25mm, 85min/25 mm); wherein, 60-90 min/25mm means that the heat is preserved for 60-90 min per 25mm relative to the diameter of the drilling tool raw material, namely: if the diameter of the drilling tool raw material is 400mm, the total time of heat preservation is required to be 960-1440 min.
Preferably, the carburized drill is air-cooled and then quenched again.
The invention improves the hardness and the wear resistance of the subsurface region of the surface layer of the drilling tool workpiece through carburizing treatment.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the carburizing step, the carburizing agent is propane. Compared with the conventional carburizing agents such as methanol, nitrogen and acetone, the method selects propane as the carburizing agent, and has the advantages of high carburizing speed, easy control of carbon potential and low cost.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the carburizing step, an anti-seepage medium is coated on the non-carburized surface of the drill material to perform anti-seepage treatment, and then the drill is subjected to carburizing treatment; in the present invention, the barrier media is conventional in the art, for example, the barrier media is LUISO W34.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the primary quenching step, the drill material subjected to the carburizing step is set at the critical temperature Ac 3 The temperature is kept above (preferably 890-910 ℃), then quenching and cooling are carried out to below Ms so as to realize martensite transformation, and the core structure is refined; the quenching cooling medium in the invention can be oil or water quenching medium, preferably, the quenching cooling medium is a water quenching medium; still more preferably, the aqueous quench medium is a good Freton K-2000 quench medium. The aqueous medium is essentially water to which various types of salt species are added for controlling the cooling rate of the quench.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the primary tempering step, the drill material after primary quenching is tempered to obtain a tempered sorbite structure; the tempering heat preservation temperature is 620-660 ℃ (for example, 630 ℃, 640 ℃, 650 ℃), and the heat preservation time is 60-90 min/25mm (for example, 65min/25mm, 70min/25mm, 80min/25mm, 85min/25 mm); preferably, the tempering temperature is 640 ℃; and preferably, discharging from the furnace after tempering and heat preservation, air-cooling to room temperature, and then carrying out secondary quenching treatment.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the secondary quenching step, the drill material after the primary tempering (which may be referred to as high-temperature tempering) is subjected to secondary quenching to further refine the core structure; preferably, the heat preservation temperature of the secondary quenching is 840-880 ℃ (for example, 850 ℃, 860 ℃ and 870 ℃), and further preferably, the quenching heat preservation temperature is 860 ℃;
preferably, the heat preservation time of the secondary quenching is 60-90 min/25mm (for example, 65min/25mm, 70min/25mm, 80min/25mm, 85min/25 mm);
preferably, in the secondary quenching step, the quenching cooling medium can be oil or an aqueous quenching medium, and preferably, the quenching cooling medium is an aqueous quenching medium; still preferably, the quenching cooling medium is a good Freon K-2000 quenching medium;
preferably, in the secondary quenching step, the quenching is cooled to room temperature.
In the invention, the transformation temperature of martensite is further reduced after carburization, residual austenite in a carburized layer is decomposed and forms spherical carbide through once high-temperature tempering, the carbon and alloy element content in the matrix of the carburized layer is lower due to more alloy elements and carbon accumulated in the carbide, and then the quenching temperature is lower, so that the carbide is not completely dissolved, the alloying degree of austenite is reduced, the residual austenite amount is reduced after quenching, and the required structure and hardness are obtained through tempering.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the secondary tempering step, the drill material after the secondary quenching is tempered to obtain a tempered martensite structure in the surface layer thereof;
preferably, the holding temperature of the secondary tempering is 250 to 290 ℃ (e.g., 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 280 ℃); still more preferably, the tempering temperature is 270 ℃.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the secondary tempering step, the holding time of the secondary tempering is 60 to 90min/25mm (for example, 65min/25mm, 70min/25mm, 80min/25mm, 85min/25 mm).
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the secondary tempering step, after the secondary tempering heat preservation is finished, the drill material is air-cooled to room temperature.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, the carburized layer depth of the drill material after the secondary tempering is about 2 to 3 mm.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, the drill material after secondary tempering has a carburized layer with a surface hardness of 54 to 55HRC, and the surface not subjected to carburization (i.e., the base portion, such as the insert surface, i.e., the surface coated with the barrier coating) has a surface hardness of 45 to 46 HRC.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, the heat treatment method further includes finishing and tertiary tempering.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, the finishing step is a step of performing finishing such as air hole boring, ball and socket milling on the drill material.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, in the third tempering step, the drill material after finish machining is subjected to third tempering treatment to remove stress;
preferably, the temperature of the triple tempering is 230 ℃ to 300 ℃ (e.g., 240 ℃, 250 ℃, 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 280 ℃, 290 ℃), and more preferably, the temperature of the triple tempering is 270 ℃;
preferably, the heat preservation time of the third tempering is 60-90 min/25 mm.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, the drilling tool is a drill bit, and more specifically, a drill bit base body, wherein the insert tooth surface of the drill bit base body is coated with an impermeable medium before the carburization treatment.
In the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the drill is 450mm or more (for example,
Figure BDA0002858477120000041
)。
in the above heat treatment method, as a preferred embodiment, the material of the drilling tool is 4330V, and the material of the drilling tool comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.26 to 0.34 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si and 0.50 to 0.80 percent of Mn; less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, 0.75 to 1.25 percent of Cr, 2.00 to 3.00 percent of Ni, 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Mo, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The raw materials for carrying out the heat treatment of the invention are drilling tool workpieces obtained by the following treatment procedures: forging blank (normalizing + tempering + rough turning state) → turn milling, chamfering → 650 ℃ tempering destressing → shot blasting.
According to the invention, the reason for early failure of the drilling tool material is analyzed, and the matrix tissue of the drilling tool matrix after quenching and tempering heat treatment is a tempered sorbite, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the drilling tool matrix are not high. Therefore, the invention provides a heat treatment method for improving the performance of a drilling tool for a down-the-hole drill, which comprises the steps of carrying out corresponding quenching and tempering treatment after local positioning carburization on the surface, and obtaining a tempered martensite structure on a carburized surface; under the condition of ensuring the impact toughness of the matrix, the matrix strength and the wear resistance of the contact part of the surface layer of the drilling tool and the rock are greatly improved, and the service life of the drilling tool and the drilling depth are prolonged.
In the present invention, the above technical features may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution without conflicting with each other.
The steps and processes not described in detail in the process of the present invention are conventional in the art.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional medium carbon alloy steel quenching and tempering heat treatment method, the heat treatment method greatly improves the comprehensive performance and the service life of the material through the matching of the carburizing treatment and the quenching and tempering process.
(2) Compared with the traditional medium carbon alloy steel quenching and tempering heat treatment method, the heat treatment method provided by the invention has the advantages that the hardness of the alloy embedding surface of the drilling tool is improved by 2-3 HRC, the hardness of the jaw surface of the embedding tooth is improved by 10-12 HRC, and the drilling depth is improved by more than 2 times.
(3) In the prior art, 4330V materials are directly used by quenching and tempering, and are not subjected to carburizing treatment or local carburizing treatment; according to the invention, the local carburization is followed by quenching and tempering processes, the surface layer obtains tempered martensite by utilizing the carbon (C) concentration difference between the surface layer and the matrix, and the matrix is a tempered sorbite structure, so that the field use effect of the drilling tool is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface hardness chart of a drill material obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a surface hardness chart of the drill material obtained in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The steps and processes not described in detail in the process of the present invention are conventional in the art.
In the following examples, the material subjected to the heat treatment of the present invention was a drill workpiece obtained by the following treatment steps: forging blank (normalizing + tempering + rough turning state) → turn milling, chamfering → 650 ℃ tempering destressing → shot blasting. The following embodiments will take 4330V workpieces as examples, and will describe in detail the technical scheme of the heat treatment method for improving the performance of a drilling tool for a down-the-hole drill provided by the present invention with reference to the drawings of the specification.
Example 1
The heat treatment method for improving the performance of the drilling tool for the down-the-hole drill provided by the embodiment is used for carrying out heat treatment by taking a 4330V workpiece as a raw material, wherein the diameter of the drilling tool is 450mm, and the heat treatment comprises the following steps:
isothermal preheating, carburizing treatment, primary quenching, primary tempering, secondary quenching, secondary tempering, finish machining and tertiary tempering. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) isothermal preheating: isothermal preheating is carried out on a 4330V workpiece, the heat preservation temperature of the isothermal preheating is 340 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the isothermal preheating is 60min/25 mm.
(2) Carburizing: coating an anti-seepage medium on the non-carburized surface of a 4330V workpiece for anti-seepage treatment, and then performing carburization treatment on the isothermal preheated 4330V workpiece in the presence of a carburizing agent, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the carburization treatment is 910 ℃; the heat preservation time of the carburization treatment is 60min/25 mm; the carburizing agent is propane; the barrier medium is inlet LUISO W34.
(3) Primary quenching: ac of the carburized 4330V workpiece 3 The temperature is above 805 ℃ (910 ℃), and the heat preservation time of one-time quenching is 60min/25 mm; then, quenching is carried out, the quenching medium is a good Freon K-2000 quenching medium, and the quenching medium is cooled to Ms (305 ℃) or below for carrying out martensite transformation.
(4) Primary tempering: tempering the 4330V workpiece subjected to primary quenching at 640 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time of the primary tempering is 60min/25 mm.
(5) Secondary quenching: and (3) carrying out secondary quenching on the 4330V workpiece after the primary tempering, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the quenching is 860 ℃, the quenching medium is a good Freon K-2000 quenching medium, and the heat preservation time of the secondary quenching is 60min/25 mm.
(6) Secondary tempering: and (3) tempering the 4330V workpiece subjected to secondary quenching for a long time at the tempering temperature of 270 ℃ for 60min/25 mm.
(7) Finish machining: and performing finish machining, such as air hole drawing, ball and socket milling and the like, on the 4330V workpiece after the secondary tempering.
(8) And (3) tempering for three times: and (3) carrying out three-time tempering treatment on the finished 4330V workpiece, wherein the tempering temperature is 270 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the three-time tempering is 60min/25mm, so as to remove the internal stress of the workpiece.
And after the third tempered 4330V workpiece is subjected to hot setting of alloy teeth, the workpiece can be assembled for use.
Fig. 1 shows a surface view of a 4330V workpiece (i.e., a drill material) obtained by the secondary tempering in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the surface of the 4330V workpiece with the carburized layer is the cylindrical surface of the workpiece, i.e. the surface without the anti-permeation medium protection layer, the depth of the carburized layer is about 3mm, and the hardness of the carburized layer is 54 HRC; 4330V the surface of the workpiece with the protective layer is a tooth-inlaid surface, namely an un-carburized surface coated with the anti-seepage coating, and the hardness of the tooth-inlaid surface coated with the anti-seepage coating is 45 HRC.
The hardness of carburized layers of a plurality of workpieces obtained by the method is 54-55 HRC, and the surface hardness of non-carburized workpieces is 45-46 HRC. The assembled and used workpiece is influenced by factors such as geological environment, self quality and the like, the accumulated punching depth exceeds 1000 meters, the workpiece is not broken, and the workpiece can still be used for punching.
Example 2
In this example, the diameter of the drill was 500mm, except that the diameter of the drill was different from that of example 1, and the process and process parameters were the same as those of example 1.
The depth of a carburized layer of the drilling tool after heat treatment is about 3mm, and the hardness of the carburized layer is 54-55 HRC; the surface of the 4330V workpiece with the protective layer is an inlaid tooth surface, namely an un-carburized surface coated with the anti-seepage coating, and the hardness of the inlaid tooth surface coated with the anti-seepage coating is 45-46 HRC.
Based on the same geological environment of the embodiment 1, the drilling tool has the drilling depth which is accumulated to exceed 1000 meters and is not broken, and the workpiece can be continuously used for drilling.
Example 3
In this example, the processes and process parameters were the same as in example 1, except that the temperatures of the primary quenching and the secondary quenching were different from those in example 1. The primary quenching is used for carrying out heat preservation treatment on the carburized 4330V workpiece at 890 ℃, and the secondary quenching is used for carrying out secondary quenching on the primarily tempered 4330V workpiece, wherein the quenching temperature is 840 ℃.
The depth of a carburized layer of the drilling tool after heat treatment is about 3mm, and the hardness of the carburized layer is 54-55 HRC; the surface of the 4330V workpiece with the protective layer is an inlaid tooth surface, namely an un-carburized surface coated with the anti-seepage coating, and the hardness of the inlaid tooth surface coated with the anti-seepage coating is 45-46 HRC.
Based on the same geological environment of the embodiment 1, the drilling tool has the drilling depth which is accumulated to exceed 1000 meters and is not broken, and the workpiece can be continuously used for drilling.
Example 4
In this example, the processes and process parameters were the same as in example 1, except that the temperatures of the primary tempering and the secondary tempering were different from those of example 1.
The tempering temperature of the primary tempering is 660 ℃, and the temperature of the secondary tempering is 280 ℃.
The depth of a carburized layer of the drilling tool after heat treatment is about 3mm, and the hardness of the carburized layer is 54-55 HRC; the surface of the 4330V workpiece with the protective layer is an inlaid tooth surface, namely an un-carburized surface coated with the anti-seepage coating, and the hardness of the inlaid tooth surface coated with the anti-seepage coating is 45-46 HRC.
Based on the same geological environment of the embodiment 1, the drilling tool has the drilling depth which is accumulated to exceed 1000 meters and is not broken, and the workpiece can be continuously used for drilling.
Example 5
In this example, the other processes and process parameters were the same as in example 1, except that the heat-retaining time in each step in the heat treatment was different from that in example 1.
(1) Isothermal preheating: the holding time for heating the drilling tool to the isothermal temperature is 90min/25 mm.
(2) Carburizing: the holding time for heating the drilling tool to the carburizing treatment temperature is 90min/25 mm.
(3) Primary quenching: the heat preservation time for heating the drilling tool to the quenching temperature is 90min/25 mm.
(4) Primary tempering: the holding time for heating the drilling tool to the tempering temperature is 90min/25 mm.
(5) Secondary quenching: the heat preservation time for heating the drilling tool to the quenching temperature is 90min/25 mm.
(6) Secondary tempering: the holding time for heating the drilling tool to the tempering temperature is 90min/25 mm.
The depth of a carburized layer of the drilling tool after heat treatment is about 3mm, and the hardness of the carburized layer is 54-55 HRC; the surface of the 4330V workpiece with the protective layer is an inlaid tooth surface, namely an un-carburized surface coated with the anti-seepage coating, and the hardness of the inlaid tooth surface coated with the anti-seepage coating is 45-46 HRC.
Based on the same geological environment of the embodiment 1, the drilling tool has the drilling depth which is accumulated to exceed 1000 meters and is not broken, and the workpiece can be continuously used for drilling.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example adopts the conventional process in the field, and takes a 4330V workpiece as a raw material to carry out heat treatment, and the heat treatment comprises the following steps: isothermal preheating, primary quenching, primary tempering air cooling, secondary tempering air cooling, finish machining and tertiary tempering air cooling. The specific heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) isothermal preheating: and carrying out isothermal preheating on a 4330V workpiece, wherein the isothermal preheating temperature is 350-550 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the isothermal preheating is 60min/25 mm.
(2) Primary quenching: the preheated 4330V workpiece is subjected to heat preservation for a period of time at 860 ℃, and then quenching is carried out, wherein a quenching medium is an aqueous quenching medium; the heat preservation time of the primary quenching is 60min/25 mm.
(3) Primary tempering and air cooling: tempering the 4330V workpiece subjected to primary quenching at 570 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time of primary tempering is 60min/25 mm; and then air-cooling to room temperature to control the surface hardness of the workpiece to be about 44 HRC.
(4) Secondary tempering and air cooling: and (5) carrying out secondary tempering air cooling on the 4330V workpiece subjected to the primary tempering air cooling. The tempering temperature is 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the secondary tempering is 60min/25mm, so as to remove the internal stress of the workpiece.
(5) Finish machining: and (3) performing finish machining, such as air hole drilling, tooth hole drilling and the like, on the 4330V workpiece subjected to secondary tempering.
(8) And (3) tempering for three times: and (3) carrying out three tempering treatments on the finished 4330V workpiece, wherein the tempering temperature is 420 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the three tempering treatments is 60min/25mm, so as to remove the internal stress of the workpiece.
And after the third tempered 4330V workpiece is subjected to hot setting of alloy teeth, the workpiece can be assembled for use.
Fig. 2 shows a surface view of the workpiece obtained in this comparative example after the 570 ℃ tempering treatment. As shown in FIG. 2, the hardness of the surface of the workpiece is controlled to be 42-43 HRC. Based on the same geological environment of the embodiment 1, the drilling tool has the drilling depth of up to 700 meters, and the phenomena of chipping or cracking can occur.
Comparative example 2
The heat treatment process of this comparative example is the same as that of example 1 except that the primary tempering step in example 1 is omitted. The cumulative depth of drilling holes of the drilling tool after the heat treatment of the comparative example is 300-700 m. The reason why the cumulative depth of drilling holes of the drilling tool prepared in the comparative example was low was: the transformation temperature of the martensite after carburization is further reduced, and because the comparative example does not adopt primary high-temperature tempering and directly adopts secondary quenching and tempering, a large amount of residual austenite structures in the surface layer can be insufficiently transformed to cause structural abnormality, and a fatigue source can cause the early failure of the drilling tool in the using process.
In the assembled and used workpiece, under the same geological environment as that of the embodiment 1, the workpiece is influenced by factors such as the quality of the workpiece, and in actual engineering construction, the requirement that the drilling tool does not complete the engineering project design and has the drilling depth of 800 meters is failed, namely, the drilling tool after being subjected to heat treatment by adopting a conventional heat treatment method cannot meet the actual drilling depth requirement. The cumulative depth of drilling of the drilling tool obtained by adopting the conventional process or the comparative example in the field is 300-700 meters.
In summary, the heat treatment method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out heat treatment on the drilling tool, the drilling tool after heat treatment does not lose efficacy after the drilling depth of 1000 m designed by an engineering project is finished, and the drilling tool can be continuously used for drilling. Therefore, compared with the traditional medium carbon alloy steel quenching and tempering heat treatment method, the heat treatment method of the invention greatly improves the comprehensive performance and the service life of the material; the hardness of the alloy-inlaid surface of the drilling tool is improved by 2-3H RC, the hardness of the jaw surface of the inlaid tooth is improved by 10-12 HRC, and the drilling depth is improved by more than 2 times.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Variations and modifications to these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (17)

1. A heat treatment method for improving the performance of a drilling tool for a down-the-hole drill, the heat treatment method comprising the steps of: isothermal preheating, carburizing, primary quenching, primary tempering, secondary quenching and secondary tempering of drilling tool materials;
the diameter of the drilling tool is more than or equal to 450 mm; the drilling tool is made of 4330V, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.26-0.34% of C, 0.15-0.35% of Si and 0.50-0.80% of Mn; less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, 0.75-1.25 percent of Cr, 2.00-3.00 percent of Ni, 0.20-0.30 percent of Mo, 0.05-0.15 percent of V, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
in the isothermal preheating step, the heat preservation temperature of isothermal preheating is 350-550 ℃;
in the carburizing step, coating an anti-seepage medium on the non-carburized surface of the drilling tool material for anti-seepage treatment, and then performing carburization on the drilling tool material; the heat preservation temperature of the carburizing treatment is 890-910 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the carburizing treatment is 60-90 min/25mm, wherein 60-90 min/25mm means that the heat preservation time is 60-90 min per 25mm relative to the diameter of the drilling tool raw material;
in the primary quenching step, the drilling tool material subjected to the carburization step is subjected to a critical temperature Ac 3 Keeping the temperature at 890-910 ℃, then quenching and cooling to below Ms to realize martensite transformation, and refining the core structure;
in the primary tempering step, tempering the drill tool material subjected to primary quenching to obtain a tempered sorbite structure; the tempering temperature is 620-660 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60-90 min/25 mm;
in the secondary quenching step, performing secondary quenching on the drill tool material subjected to primary tempering; the heat preservation temperature of the secondary quenching is 840-880 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the secondary quenching is 60-90 min/25 mm;
in the secondary tempering step, tempering the drill tool material subjected to secondary quenching to obtain a tempered martensite structure on the surface layer of the drill tool material; the heat preservation temperature of the secondary tempering is 250-290 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the secondary tempering is 60-90 min/25 mm;
the surface hardness of the drilling tool material after secondary tempering is 54-55 HRC, and the surface hardness of the surface which is not subjected to carburization treatment is 45-46 HRC;
the heat treatment method further comprises finish machining and tertiary tempering; in the third tempering step, performing third tempering treatment on the drill tool material after finish machining to remove stress; wherein the heat preservation temperature of the third tempering is 230-300 ℃; the heat preservation time of the third tempering is 60-90 min/25 mm.
2. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the carburizing step, the drill material is carburized in an environment in which a carburizing agent is present.
3. The heat treatment method according to claim 2, wherein in the carburizing step, the carburizing agent is propane.
4. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the carburizing step, the temperature for keeping the temperature of the carburizing treatment is 910 ℃.
5. The heat treatment method according to claim 4, wherein in the carburizing step, the drill after the carburizing treatment is air-cooled and then is subjected to a quenching treatment again.
6. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the primary quenching step, the quenching cooling medium is oil or an aqueous quenching medium.
7. The heat treatment method according to claim 6, wherein in the primary quenching step, the aqueous quenching medium is a hoffton K-2000 quenching medium.
8. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the primary tempering step, the tempering temperature is 640 ℃.
9. The heat treatment method according to claim 8, wherein in the primary tempering step, after the tempering heat preservation, the steel is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled to room temperature, and then secondary quenching treatment is performed.
10. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the secondary quenching step, the holding temperature of the secondary quenching is 860 ℃.
11. The heat treatment method according to claim 10, wherein in the secondary quenching step, the quenching cooling medium is oil or an aqueous quenching medium.
12. The heat treatment method according to claim 11, wherein in the secondary quenching step, the quenching cooling medium is a hogfton K-2000 quenching medium.
13. The heat treatment method according to claim 12, wherein in the secondary quenching step, the quenching is cooled to room temperature.
14. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the secondary tempering step, the holding temperature of the secondary tempering is 270 ℃.
15. The heat treatment method according to claim 14, wherein in the secondary tempering step, after the secondary tempering heat preservation is finished, the drill material is air-cooled to room temperature.
16. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the carburized layer depth of the drill material after the secondary tempering is 2 to 3 mm.
17. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the holding temperature of the tertiary tempering is 270 ℃.
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CN105063320A (en) * 2015-09-21 2015-11-18 长沙天和钻具机械有限公司 Method for preparing high air pressure impactor piston
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