CN112795299A - 一种减反射镀膜液及其制备方法、太阳能电池组件 - Google Patents
一种减反射镀膜液及其制备方法、太阳能电池组件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112795299A CN112795299A CN202011642792.4A CN202011642792A CN112795299A CN 112795299 A CN112795299 A CN 112795299A CN 202011642792 A CN202011642792 A CN 202011642792A CN 112795299 A CN112795299 A CN 112795299A
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- Prior art keywords
- coating liquid
- antireflection coating
- polyurethane emulsion
- coupling agent
- isocyanate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- DSVGFKBFFICWLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-isocyanatobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 DSVGFKBFFICWLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical group OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- PHRJTGPFEAUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-3-(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 PHRJTGPFEAUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OPPYFFRLKJUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-isocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1C(F)(F)F OPPYFFRLKJUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)C(O)=O JVYDLYGCSIHCMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- KNXNFEMPRRJNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl phosphono phosphate propan-2-ol titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OP(O)(O)=O)OCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OP(O)(O)=O)OCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OP(O)(O)=O)OCCCCCCCC KNXNFEMPRRJNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DRMVGUSOKPAXQV-XSYHWHKQSA-N C(C)(C)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)=O Chemical group C(C)(C)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)=O DRMVGUSOKPAXQV-XSYHWHKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- WYRGOSDNPFGZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-K [bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-oxidophosphaniumyl] dihydrogen phosphate [bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-oxidophosphaniumyl] hydrogen phosphate [bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-oxidophosphaniumyl] phosphate propan-2-olate titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(C)[O-].CCCCC(CC)CO[P+]([O-])(OCC(CC)CCCC)OP(O)(O)=O.CCCCC(CC)CO[P+]([O-])(OCC(CC)CCCC)OP(O)([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)CO[P+]([O-])(OCC(CC)CCCC)OP([O-])([O-])=O WYRGOSDNPFGZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](=O)CCCC JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/008—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character comprising a mixture of materials covered by two or more of the groups C03C17/02, C03C17/06, C03C17/22 and C03C17/28
- C03C17/009—Mixtures of organic and inorganic materials, e.g. ormosils and ormocers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
- C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
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- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
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- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/773—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur halogens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
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Abstract
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域,特别涉及一种减反射镀膜液及其制备方法、太阳能电池组件,所述的方法包括:将聚氨酯乳液与钛酸酯偶联剂进行混合,得到混合体系;在溶剂存在下,在所述混合体系中加入空心二氧化硅粒子和可选助剂进行混合,得到减反射镀膜液;所述聚氨酯乳液与所述钛酸酯偶联剂的重量比为30‑50:1;本发明中,钛酸酯偶联剂发生水解,并与后续加入的空心二氧化硅粒子反应,实现了聚氨酯体系与空心二氧化硅粒子的可靠连系,如此,不仅提高了空心二氧化硅粒子的均匀分散,进而提高了透光率的增益效果,而且,由于镀膜液中组分的协同配合,钛酸酯偶联剂实现了桥连的效果,使得减反射膜层的强度更高,耐候性能更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域,特别涉及一种减反射镀膜液及其制备方法、太阳能电池组件。
背景技术
太阳能电池是一种将太阳光转化成电能的装置,只要满足一定照度条件的光照到,瞬间就可输出电压及在有回路的情况下产生电流。太阳能电池组件封装结构由光伏玻璃、胶膜、电池片和背膜等部分组成,其中,随着人们对太阳能电池组件的不断优化,太阳能电池组件中晶体硅电池片的转换效率已接近极限值,继续依靠提高电池片本身效率来提高光伏组件的实际输出功率变得十分困难,但是可以通过增加光强度等其他方式来提高效率,例如目前人们普遍采用的一种含铁量较低的玻璃作为太阳能电池组件用的光伏玻璃,这种玻璃在可见光波段具有较高的透过率,但是由于光伏玻璃与空气之间的折射率差异,光伏玻璃对可见光仍存在约8%的反射,通过在光伏玻璃表面涂制一层减反射膜可以有效的提高光的透过率,从而提高太阳能电池光伏组件的输出功率。
目前,溶胶-凝胶法是一种制备氧化硅减反射膜较为成熟的技术,但是现有的技术方案中仍存在很多问题,具体如,减反射膜层与衬底玻璃的结合性能差,在户外的严苛环境中使用时,容易发生脱落,不耐擦洗;又如,减反射膜层的表面覆盖了大量的羟基,导致膜层容易发生吸水潮解,减反射膜层在户外的太阳能光伏组件中长期使用后,减反射性能将逐渐衰减甚至是完全消失。为了满足太阳能光伏组件的使用要求,光伏玻璃表面的减反射膜不仅要具有良好的宽谱增透效果,还必须具有良好的膜基结合力和自清洁疏水效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种减反射镀膜液及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
一种减反射镀膜液的制备方法,所述的方法包括:
将聚氨酯乳液与钛酸酯偶联剂进行混合,得到混合体系;在溶剂存在下,在所述混合体系中加入空心二氧化硅粒子和可选助剂进行混合,得到减反射镀膜液;
所述聚氨酯乳液与所述钛酸酯偶联剂的重量比为30-50:1。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述聚氨酯乳液的固含量为5-12%,所述聚氨酯乳液中聚氨酯的粒径为80-100nm。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述的钛酸酯偶联剂为单烷氧基焦磷酸酯型偶联剂。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述聚氨酯乳液的制备方法包括:
在有机溶剂存在下,将多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂和扩链剂在50-70℃下搅拌反应30-90min,然后加入中和剂、去离子水中止反应,得到所述聚氨酯乳液。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述的多元醇为分子量在1000-5000的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚丙烯酸多元醇。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述的异氰酸酯为含氟异氰酸酯,优选地,所述的含氟异氰酸酯为4-氟苯基异氰酸酯、3-氟苯甲基异氰酸酯、3-三氟甲基-4-氟苯基异氰酸酯中的一种。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述的扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸。
在进一步的技术方案中,所述的中和剂选自三乙胺、氨水、氢氧化钠中的一种。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述方法制备得到的减反射镀膜液。
本发明还提供了一种太阳能电池组件,由上自下包括前板玻璃、前封装层、电池层、后封装层和背板,所述前板玻璃远离前封装层的一侧设有减反射镀膜,所述的减反射镀膜经由上述减反射镀膜液制备而成。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下技术效果:
本发明提供的技术方案中,通过将聚氨酯乳液与钛酸酯偶联剂进行混合,其中的钛酸酯偶联剂发生水解,并与后续加入的空心二氧化硅粒子反应,起到连接无机物的作用,且钛酸酯类分子的另一端为有机端,连接在聚氨酯的链段上,实现了聚氨酯体系与空心二氧化硅粒子的可靠连系,如此,不仅提高了空心二氧化硅粒子的均匀分散,进而提高了透光率的增益效果,而且,由于镀膜液中组分的协同配合,钛酸酯偶联剂实现了桥连的效果,使得减反射膜层的强度更高,耐候性能更好。
本发明提供的技术方案中,用于制备聚氨酯的异氰酸酯采用了含氟异氰酸酯,如此,使得制备得到的减反射膜层具有疏水疏油易清洁的性能,降低了减反射膜层表面脏污层的沉积速率,进而避免了脏污层的形成对太阳能光伏电池转换效率的影响,降低了太阳能电池组件的运行维护成本。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明。
本发明中所有的原料,对其来源没有特别限定,在市场上购买的或按照本领域技术人员熟知的常规方法制备的即可。本发明中所有的原料,对其纯度没有特别限定,本发明优选采用分析纯或复合材料领域使用的常规纯度。
本发明提供了一种减反射镀膜液的制备方法,所述的方法包括:将聚氨酯乳液与钛酸酯偶联剂进行混合,得到混合体系;在溶剂存在下,在所述混合体系中加入空心二氧化硅粒子和可选助剂进行混合,得到减反射镀膜液;
其中,所述聚氨酯乳液的固含量为5-12%,所述聚氨酯乳液中聚氨酯的粒径为80-100nm;
所述聚氨酯乳液与所述钛酸酯偶联剂的重量比为30-50:1。
本发明中,所述的可选助剂包括成膜助剂,表面活性剂、增稠剂和润湿剂中的至少一种,具体的,本发明对所述的成膜助剂没有特殊限定,可以采用本领域的常规选择,例如聚乙二醇;本发明对所述的表面活性剂没有特殊限定,可以采用本领域的常规选择,例如非离子型表面活性剂,所述非离子型表面活性剂具体可举出烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚型表面活性剂、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯型表面活性剂、多元醇脂肪酸酯型表面活性剂和聚氧乙烯多元醇脂肪酸酯型表面活性剂中的至少一种;
所述的增稠剂具体可选择为羟乙基纤维素,所述的润湿剂具体可选择为DC-29。
本发明中,用于制备减反射镀膜液的各原料组分的用量可以在较宽的范围内选择,作为优选的,所述的减反射镀膜液包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:聚氨酯乳液35-45份、钛酸酯偶联剂0.7-1.5份、溶剂400-500份、空心二氧化硅粒子3-7份、成膜助剂0.5-10份、表面活性剂0.5-2份、增稠剂0.1-0.5份和润湿剂0.1-0.5份。
根据本发明提供的方法,所述方法还包括:在超声波作用下,将聚氨酯乳液进行分散30-90min,然后加入钛酸酯偶联剂,在60-100℃下超声反应10-30min。
根据本发明提供的方法,所述的钛酸酯偶联剂为单烷氧基焦磷酸酯型偶联剂。具体的,所述的单烷氧基焦磷酸酯型偶联剂具体可举出异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯(NDZ-201)、异丙氧基二油酸酰氧基(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯(TCA-KTT2)、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯(TMC-102)或异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酰基)钛酸酯(KR-38S)。
根据本发明提供的方法,制备减反射镀膜液时的溶剂具体可选择乙二醇、正丁醇、乙二醇丁醚、丙二醇单丁醚中的至少一种。
根据本发明提供的方法,所述聚氨酯乳液的制备方法包括:
在有机溶剂存在下,将多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂和扩链剂在50-70℃下搅拌反应30-90min,然后加入中和剂、去离子水中止反应,得到所述聚氨酯乳液。
根据本发明提供的方法,所述的多元醇为分子量在1000-5000的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚丙烯酸多元醇。
进一步的,根据本发明提供的方法,所述的异氰酸酯为含氟异氰酸酯,优选地,所述的含氟异氰酸酯为4-氟苯基异氰酸酯、3-氟苯甲基异氰酸酯、3-三氟甲基-4-氟苯基异氰酸酯中的一种。
根据本发明提供的方法,所述扩链剂的作用为与上述的异氰酸酯基反应,在催化剂的作用下,将游离的氰酸酯接枝在聚氨酯预聚体上,在扩链的同时引入亲水性的基团,针对本发明,所述的扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸,基于上述的扩链剂,可制备得到阴离子聚氨酯,并进一步的通过控制减反射膜层的固化成型时间,控制阴离子聚氨酯分解残留率和粒子粒径的大小,得到理想的低折射率膜层,进而降低太阳光线在光伏玻璃上的反射率,提高光伏玻璃的透光率。
根据本发明提供的方法,所述的中和剂能够将羧基、磺酸基等基团反应形成聚合物盐或者生成离子基团的试剂,从而改善聚氨酯的亲水性能。针对本发明,所述的中和剂选自三乙胺、氨水、氢氧化钠中的一种。
本发明中,所述的有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、二甲苯和环己酮中的至少一种;
根据本发明提供的方法,所述催化剂的作用是促进异氰酸根和多元醇中的羟基化合物发生反应,得到聚氨酯预聚体化合物;针对本发明,所述的催化剂为有机锡类化合物,具体可举出如辛酸锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二丁基氧化锡、二丁基二月桂酸锡中的一种。
本发明中,用于制备聚氨酯乳液的各原料组分的用量可以在较宽的范围内进行选择,作为优选的,所述的聚氨酯乳液包括以下重量份的原料组分制备而成:多元醇80-95份、异氰酸酯25-40份、催化剂0.01-0.1份、扩链剂5-20份、中和剂10-20份。
本发明还提供了一种根据上述方法制备得到的减反射镀膜液。
基于本发明提供的减反射镀膜液制备减反射镀膜玻璃的方法是,将上述制备得到的减反射镀膜液涂覆于玻璃基板表面,先在100-120℃的温度下烘干,在置于500-600℃的烘箱中固化成型10min,得到所述的减反射镀膜玻璃。
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明提供的减反射镀膜液做出进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种减反射镀膜液的制备方法:
将聚酯多元醇(聚己二酸乙二醇酯,羟值为200mg KOH/g)、4-氟苯基异氰酸酯、催化剂二乙酸二丁基锡依次加入到乙酸乙酯溶剂中,在60℃的温度下搅拌混合60min;然后加入扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸,继续搅拌反应30min,再向上述反应体系中加入中和剂氨水(25%),搅拌均匀后,加入去离子水乳化得到固含量在10%的聚氨酯乳液,所述聚氨酯乳液中聚氨酯的粒径为90nm;
所述的聚氨酯乳液包括以下重量份的原料组分制备而成:聚酯多元醇(聚己二酸乙二醇酯,羟值为200mg KOH/g)90份、4-氟苯基异氰酸酯30份、催化剂二乙酸二丁基锡0.05份、扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸10份、中和剂氨水(25%)15份;
在超声作用下,将聚氨酯乳液进行分散50min,然后加入异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酰基)钛酸酯(产品型号:KR-38S,购自美国Kenrich Petrochemicals Inc.),在80℃的温度下超声反应20min,得到混合体系,接着向混合体系中加入溶剂乙二醇、空心二氧化硅粒子、成膜助剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂和润湿剂,搅拌混合,得到所述的减反射镀膜液;
其中,所述的减反射镀膜液包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:聚氨酯乳液40份、钛酸酯偶联剂异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酰基)钛酸酯1份、溶剂乙二醇500份、空心二氧化硅粒子(购自日挥触媒化成公司,平均粒径为50nm,质量分数为20%的甲基乙基酮二氧化硅溶胶)5份、成膜助剂聚乙二醇(PEG400,市购)3份、表面活性剂(型号为:OP-10,购自国药集团化学试剂北京有限公司,亲水亲油平衡值为14.5)1.5份、增稠剂羟乙基纤维素0.3份和润湿剂DC-290.3份。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1中减反射镀膜液的制备方法基本相同,不同的是,
在聚氨酯乳液的制备过程中,通过调节去离子水的加入量使聚氨酯乳液的固含量为5%;其余不变,按照实施例1的后续方法制备得到减反射镀膜液。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1中减反射镀膜液的制备方法基本相同,不同的是,
在聚氨酯乳液的制备过程中,通过调节去离子水的加入量使聚氨酯乳液的固含量为12%;其余不变,按照实施例1的后续方法制备得到减反射镀膜液。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1中减反射镀膜液的制备方法基本相同,不同的是,
在聚氨酯乳液的制备过程中,通过调节去离子水的加入量使聚氨酯乳液的固含量为15%;其余不变,按照实施例1的后续方法制备得到减反射镀膜液。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1中减反射镀膜液的制备方法基本相同,不同的是,
所述的减反射镀膜液包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:聚氨酯乳液35份、钛酸酯偶联剂异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酰基)钛酸酯0.7份、溶剂乙二醇400份、空心二氧化硅粒子(购自日挥触媒化成公司,平均粒径为50nm,质量分数为20%的甲基乙基酮二氧化硅溶胶)3份、成膜助剂聚乙二醇(PEG400,市购)2份、表面活性剂(型号为:OP-10,购自国药集团化学试剂北京有限公司,亲水亲油平衡值为14.5)0.8份、增稠剂羟乙基纤维素0.2份和润湿剂DC-290.2份。
其余不变,按照实施例1的后续方法制备得到减反射镀膜液。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1中减反射镀膜液的制备方法基本相同,不同的是,
所述的减反射镀膜液包括以下重量份的原料制备而成:聚氨酯乳液45份、钛酸酯偶联剂异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酰基)钛酸酯1.5份、溶剂乙二醇450份、空心二氧化硅粒子(购自日挥触媒化成公司,平均粒径为50nm,质量分数为20%的甲基乙基酮二氧化硅溶胶)7份、成膜助剂聚乙二醇(PEG400,市购)10份、表面活性剂(型号为:OP-10,购自国药集团化学试剂北京有限公司,亲水亲油平衡值为14.5)1.5份、增稠剂羟乙基纤维素0.5份和润湿剂DC-29 0.5份。
其余不变,按照实施例1的后续方法制备得到减反射镀膜液。
性能测试:
利用实施例1-5、对比例1中制备得到的减反射镀膜液,在玻璃基板上获得减反射膜层,具体的,将减反射镀膜液涂覆于玻璃基板表面,先在110℃的温度下烘干,在置于500℃的烘箱中固化成型10min,得到所述的减反射膜层。
测试项目:
1、增透率
采用美国HunterLab的分光测色仪,型号为UltraScan PRO测量透光率,计算增透率;
增透率=加工成型有减反射镀膜层的玻璃基板的透光率-初始玻璃基板的透光率;
测量结果汇总于表1中。
2、减反射膜层的铅笔硬度
采用DD-3086电动铅笔硬度计对减反射膜层的表面硬度进行测试,铅笔硬度:型号6B是最软的,型号6H是最硬度,1B-6B的硬度是依次降低的,1H-6H的硬度是依次升高的,测量结果汇总于表1中。
3、耐磨性能
采用湿棉布(5wt%的洗洁精水溶液)摩擦制备得到的减反射膜层10000次,压力值设置为200g/cm2,摩擦角度设置为90°,摩擦完成后,测量玻璃样品的透光率,若玻璃样品的透光率减少值为0.5%以内,则记为OK,否则记为NG,测量结果汇总于表1中。
4、耐候性能
采用GB/T 18912-2002/IEC 61701:1995(光伏组件盐雾腐蚀试验),在中性盐雾(盐雾成分为5%的NaCl溶液)条件下放置96小时,若经盐雾试验后的玻璃样品的透光率减少值为0.5%以内,则记为OK,否则记为NG,测量结果汇总于表1中。
表1:
实施例 | 增透率 | 铅笔硬度 | 耐磨性能 | 耐候性能 |
实施例1 | 3.6% | 5H | OK | OK |
实施例2 | 3.2% | 5H | OK | OK |
实施例3 | 3.3% | 5H | OK | OK |
对比例1 | 2.3% | 5H | OK | OK |
实施例4 | 3.2% | 5H | OK | OK |
实施例5 | 3.3% | 5H | OK | OK |
结合上述测试数据可以看出,本发明中,通过将聚氨酯乳液的固含量控制在5-12%,能够确保制备得到的减反射镀膜液具有较好的增透效果,并且,基于本发明提供的减反射镀膜液,其形成的减反射膜层具有较好的硬度和耐候性能。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的特点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护的范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (10)
1.一种减反射镀膜液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括:将聚氨酯乳液与钛酸酯偶联剂进行混合,得到混合体系;在溶剂存在下,在所述混合体系中加入空心二氧化硅粒子和可选助剂进行混合,得到减反射镀膜液;
所述聚氨酯乳液与所述钛酸酯偶联剂的重量比为30-50:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯乳液的固含量为5-12%,所述聚氨酯乳液中聚氨酯的粒径为80-100nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的钛酸酯偶联剂为单烷氧基焦磷酸酯型偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯乳液的制备方法包括:
在有机溶剂存在下,将多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂和扩链剂在50-70℃下搅拌反应30-90min,然后加入中和剂、去离子水中止反应,得到所述聚氨酯乳液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的多元醇为分子量在1000-5000的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚丙烯酸多元醇。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的异氰酸酯为含氟异氰酸酯;
优选地,所述的含氟异氰酸酯为4-氟苯基异氰酸酯、3-氟苯甲基异氰酸酯、3-三氟甲基-4-氟苯基异氰酸酯中的一种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的中和剂选自三乙胺、氨水、氢氧化钠中的一种。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8所述的方法制备得到的减反射镀膜液。
10.一种太阳能电池组件,由上自下包括前板玻璃、前封装层、电池层、后封装层和背板,其特征在于,所述前板玻璃远离前封装层的一侧设有减反射镀膜,所述的减反射镀膜经由权利要求9所述的减反射镀膜液制备而成。
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