CN112794665B - Preparation method of high-closed-pore-rate non-sintered porous ceramsite - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-closed-pore-rate non-sintered porous ceramsite Download PDFInfo
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- CN112794665B CN112794665B CN202011584366.XA CN202011584366A CN112794665B CN 112794665 B CN112794665 B CN 112794665B CN 202011584366 A CN202011584366 A CN 202011584366A CN 112794665 B CN112794665 B CN 112794665B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling and materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-closed-pore-rate baking-free porous ceramsite, which adopts a foaming agent and inorganic matters for promoting the decomposition of the foaming agent to realize step-by-step granulation and step-by-step pore forming, promotes the rapid, uniform and thorough pore forming of a ceramsite core, and promotes the porosity; and then, continuously granulating the porous core and the granulating mixture to form a coating layer on the porous core, and completing the preparation of the porous core and the coating of the porous core in one step to obtain the ceramsite with the structure of the porous core and the coating shell. Firstly, the raw materials can utilize mineral solid wastes such as construction waste, tailings, coal ash and the like to realize the recycling of the solid wastes; secondly, the porosity is high, and the heat preservation and insulation performance is good; and finally, the core and the wrapping process are completed in one step during granulation, so that the process is simplified, and the preparation cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste recycling and materials, in particular to a preparation method of high-closed-pore-rate non-sintered porous ceramsite.
Background
Ceramsite is a traditional porous material. The rigid framework material has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, fire resistance, weather resistance, earthquake resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight, high strength, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption, noise reduction, simple manufacturing process and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of heat preservation and heat insulation of buildings and the like. Research shows that when ceramsite concrete is used as the building outer wall, the building energy consumption can be reduced by 35%, and the self weight and the building cost of a building can be obviously reduced.
The preparation method of the ceramsite comprises a sintering method and a baking-free method. The sintering method can obtain extremely high closed porosity (75-90%) and ultra-light weight (less than 500kg/m3), but the sintered ceramsite usually uses non-renewable resources such as clay and shale, and needs to be calcined at high temperature (generally 800-1400 ℃), thereby causing high energy consumption, environmental pollution and large consumption of non-renewable resources. For the non-burning method, the method only needs normal temperature or steam curing, does not need high-temperature sintering, and can fully utilize solid wastes such as construction waste, fly ash, tailings, coal gangue, sludge and the like, thereby being a green and environment-friendly preparation technology. Therefore, the baking-free method has become a development trend for preparing the porcelain granules.
However, the ceramsite prepared by the firing-free method has the defects of low porosity, high density and the like, and the popularization and application of the ceramsite in building energy conservation are restricted. The improvement of the porosity, especially the closed porosity, of the ceramsite becomes one of the key ways for developing the baking-free ceramsite with excellent heat insulation performance, and the baking-free ceramsite not only can remarkably improve the heat insulation performance of the ceramsite, but also can effectively reduce the density of the ceramsite.
At present, the methods for improving the closed porosity of the baking-free porous ceramsite mainly comprise the following two methods: (1) preparing a ceramsite core by using the raw material powder and the pore-forming agent, calcining the ceramsite core at a high temperature to prepare a porous sintered core, and finally wrapping the whole ceramsite by using an organic coating layer to realize the preparation of the ceramsite with high closed pore rate; (2) the foaming agent (air entraining agent) is utilized to carry out pore-forming under the action of microwave, so that the pore-forming process and the hydration of the ceramsite are carried out rapidly in sequence, and the preparation of the high-closed-pore-ratio non-sintered ceramsite is realized.
The method requires step-by-step granulation and step-by-step pore forming, promotes rapid, uniform and thorough pore forming of the ceramsite core, and obviously improves the porosity of the ceramsite; then, a shell layer is formed on the surface of the porous core, and the porous core is wrapped. The technology is to prepare porous ceramsite by a baking-free method, and the related prior art of the invention only comprises the following examples:
(1) technical scheme of prior art I
One of the technologies related to the patent is that leather sludge and pore-forming agent (wood chips, foamed plastic or/and paper making sludge) are used for preparing ceramsite which is coated with organic matters (asphalt, rosin, thermoplastic polyacrylic resin and thermoplastic amino phosphoric acid resin) on the surface and has a 'core-shell layer' structure, wherein the ceramsite is provided by the college of the quanzhou faculty of the faculty of education and professions of the moratus of the quan province, chen shiwei, wu hui and the like. In the technology, firstly, leather sludge and pore-forming agent are mixed, granulated and dried, and then the ceramsite is thermally decomposed at 300-800 ℃ in an air-isolated manner until no gas is generated, so that a ceramsite core with a large number of micropores on the surface is formed; then, the ceramsite core is soaked in organic matters (asphalt, rosin, thermoplastic polyacrylic resin and thermoplastic amino phosphoric acid resin) to enable the surface of the ceramsite core to be coated with an organic layer, and the purpose of improving the closed pore rate is achieved.
The technology is similar to the patent in that: the closed porosity of the ceramsite is improved by forming a porous inner core and a wrapping shell layer. The essential difference with this patent is: (a) the technology is to prepare porous ceramsite cores by a sintering method; (b) the preparation of the porous inner core and the coating of the organic shell in the technology are completed in two steps; (c) this technique does not use a blowing agent.
(2) Technical scheme of prior art II
The second technology related to this patent is the baking-free ceramsite preparation technology proposed by the university of Guangxi science and technology, such as Korea swallow and Panrong Jun (Master academic paper, 2019, Guangxi science and technology university). The technology takes hydrogen peroxide and ammonium carbonate as foaming agents, takes fly ash, cement, lime and gypsum in a certain proportion as raw materials, and prepares raw ceramsite; and then promoting the foaming agent in the raw ceramsite to be rapidly decomposed by microwaves to form holes, thereby preparing the high-closed-pore-rate non-fired ceramsite.
The technology is similar to the patent in that: a low temperature decomposition blowing agent is used and the preparation of the porous part is achieved by promoting the decomposition of the blowing agent. Different from the patent: (a) the technology only relates to the preparation of a porous part, and does not consider blocking open pores so as to improve the closed porosity of the ceramsite; (b) this technique uses microwaves to promote the decomposition of the blowing agent, whereas this patent uses an inorganic solution to promote the decomposition of the blowing agent.
(3) Technical scheme of prior art III
The technology slightly related to the patent is the hollow baking-free ceramsite preparation technology proposed by Ligaoming (CN 106220011A). The technology comprises the steps of preparing a ceramsite core from sawdust, a sawdust decay treatment agent, clay and water, then spraying an organic binder on the ceramsite core, granulating a mixture of the ceramsite core and a shell (cement, river sand, flower fertilizer, a fertilizer slow-release agent, a color hardening agent, a color-retention agent and a brightening agent) together to prepare the ceramsite with a core-shell structure, and curing the prepared ceramsite in a curing kiln or steam curing equipment for 1-3 months to enable sawdust in the ceramsite core to decay into an organic fertilizer so as to prepare the hollow horticultural ceramsite.
The technology is similar to the patent in that: the closed porosity of the ceramsite is improved by forming the inner core and the shell. The essential difference from this patent is: (a) the technology prepares the hollow ceramsite through the steps of preparing a kernel, spraying an adhesive on the kernel, preparing a shell through a granulation technology, and carrying out organic matter decay (1-3 months) in the kernel; (b) this technique does not use a foaming agent and thus does not consider adjusting the cell structure by promoting decomposition of the foaming agent.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of the high-closed-pore-rate non-fired porous ceramsite, the non-fired porous ceramsite with the high-closed-pore-rate and the structure of a porous core and a wrapping shell is prepared in one step, and the traditional multi-step preparation technology is broken through; the decomposition rate of the foaming agent is adjusted to promote the rapid, uniform and thorough pore forming of the ceramsite core, so that the porosity of the ceramsite is obviously improved; expanding the sources of the raw materials for preparing the porous ceramsite and realizing the recycling of solid waste; the prepared ceramsite only needs natural curing, and special curing such as disordered steam curing and the like.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the high-closed-pore-rate non-fired porous ceramsite comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of construction waste mineral material, 20-60 parts of fly ash, 0-5 parts of gypsum, 5-20 parts of cement, 0.2-5 parts of foaming agent, 0.15-3 parts of inorganic matter for promoting decomposition of foaming agent and 10-20 parts of water.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the foaming agent and inorganic substances for promoting the decomposition of the foaming agent are adopted to realize the gradual granulation and gradual pore forming, so that the rapid, uniform and thorough pore forming of the ceramsite core is promoted, and the porosity is improved; and then, continuously granulating the porous core and the granulating mixture to form a coating layer on the porous core, and completing the preparation of the porous core and the coating of the porous core in one step to obtain the ceramsite with the structure of the porous core and the coating shell.
Preferably, the foaming agent refers to one or a mixture of more than one of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium acetate.
Preferably, the inorganic substance for promoting the decomposition of the foaming agent refers to sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
Preferably, the step-by-step granulation and the step-by-step pore forming refer to that after the granulation mixture and the foaming agent solution are granulated, the inorganic substance solution for promoting the decomposition of the foaming agent is sprayed on the manufactured ceramsite immediately to promote the rapid, uniform and thorough pore forming process, and the steps are repeated until the foaming agent solution and the inorganic substance solution for promoting the decomposition of the foaming agent are consumed.
The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a preparation method of the high-closed-pore-rate non-fired porous ceramsite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting mineral materials from the construction waste, crushing, and primarily grinding to about 100 meshes;
(2) weighing the construction waste mineral material, the fly ash and the gypsum according to the proportion, mixing and grinding to the required fineness;
(3) weighing cement in proportion, mixing the cement with the mixture obtained in the step (2) to obtain a granulation mixture, and dividing the granulation mixture into N equal parts;
(4) weighing different foaming agents according to a proportion, weighing water according to a proportion, dissolving the foaming agents in the water to obtain a solution A, and dividing the solution A into (N-1) equal parts;
(5) in a molar ratio of NH4 +:OH-Weighing sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide according to a ratio of 1: 1.2-10, weighing water according to the ratio, dissolving hydroxide in water to obtain a solution B, and dividing the solution B into (N-1) equal parts;
(6) putting one part of the granulation mixture obtained in the step (3) into a granulator, uniformly spraying one part of the solution A obtained in the step (4) onto powder, and granulating;
(7) uniformly spraying one part of the solution B obtained in the step (5) on the raw ceramsite, and performing pore forming;
(8) repeating (6) and (7) by using the prepared particles as porous cores until A, B solutions are consumed, so as to obtain porous cores;
(9) continuously operating the granulator for 30-120 minutes;
(10) adding the last part of granulation mixture into a granulator, and continuing granulation;
(11) and naturally curing the raw ceramsite for 1-28 days to obtain the high-pore-closing-rate unfired ceramsite.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of the baking-free porous ceramsite with the high pore closing rate, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method of the high-closed-pore-rate non-fired porous ceramsite, the non-fired porous ceramsite can be prepared by utilizing mineral solid wastes such as construction wastes, tailings and coal ash, so that the solid wastes are recycled, and the discharge of the solid wastes is reduced; secondly, the method promotes the rapid, uniform and thorough pore forming of the ceramsite core by carrying out step-by-step granulation and step-by-step pore forming, effectively improves the porosity of the ceramsite, and further improves the closed porosity; and finally, the core with high porosity and the wrapping process are completed in one step during granulation, so that the preparation process of the high-closed-porosity non-sintered ceramsite is simplified, and the preparation cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for preparing baking-free ceramsite with high closed porosity;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the non-sintered ceramsite with high pore-closing rate prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
(1) selecting mineral materials in the construction waste, crushing and primarily grinding to obtain powder of about 100 meshes;
(2) mixing 44 parts of construction waste mineral materials, 20 parts of fly ash and 1 part of gypsum, and grinding the mixture to be 200 meshes;
(3) weighing 15 parts of cement, mixing the cement with the mixture obtained in the step (2) to obtain a granulation mixture, and dividing the granulation mixture into 5 equal parts;
(4) weighing 2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate 2; weighing 8 parts of water, dissolving 2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate in the water to obtain a solution A, and dividing the solution into 4 equal parts;
(5) in a molar ratio of NH4 +:OH-Weighing calcium hydroxide in a ratio of 1:4, taking 10 parts of water, and adding the calcium hydroxideDissolving calcium in water to obtain solution B, and dividing the solution B into 4 equal parts;
(6) putting one part of the granulating mixture obtained in the step (3) into a granulator, uniformly spraying one part of the solution A obtained in the step (4) onto the powder, and granulating;
(7) uniformly spraying one part of the solution B obtained in the step (5) on the raw ceramsite, and forming a hole;
(8) repeating (6) and (7) by using the prepared particles as cores until A, B solution is consumed;
(9) operating the granulator for 120 minutes to obtain a porous kernel;
(10) adding the last part of granulation mixture into a granulator, and continuing granulation;
(11) and naturally curing the raw ceramsite for 28 days to obtain the high-pore-closing-rate unfired ceramsite.
The average grain diameter of the prepared baking-free porous ceramsite is 6mm, and the closed porosity is about 59 percent.
Example two:
(1) selecting mineral materials in the construction waste, crushing and primarily grinding to obtain 100-mesh powder;
(2) mixing 50 parts of construction waste mineral material, 16 parts of fly ash and 2 parts of gypsum, and grinding the mixture to about 200 meshes;
(3) weighing 15 parts of cement, mixing the cement with the mixture obtained in the step (2) to obtain a granulation mixture, and dividing the granulation mixture into 5 equal parts;
(4) weighing 0.5 part of ammonium chloride and 0.5 part of ammonium nitrate (accounting for 1 part of foaming agent); weighing 10 parts of water, dissolving 1 part of the weighed foaming agent in the water to obtain a solution A, and dividing the solution into 4 equal parts;
(5) in a molar ratio of NH4 +:OH-Weighing sodium hydroxide in a ratio of 1:2, taking 6 parts of water, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in the water to obtain a solution B, and dividing the solution B into 4 equal parts;
(6) putting one part of the granulation mixture obtained in the step (3) into a granulator, uniformly spraying one part of the solution A obtained in the step (4) onto powder, and granulating;
(7) uniformly spraying one part of the solution B obtained in the step (5) on the raw ceramsite, and forming a hole;
(8) repeating (6) and (7) by using the prepared particles as cores until A, B solution is consumed;
(9) operating the granulator for 120 minutes to obtain a porous kernel;
(10) adding the last part of granulation mixture into a granulator, and continuing granulation;
(11) and naturally curing the raw ceramsite for 28 days to obtain the high-pore-closing-rate unfired ceramsite.
The average grain diameter of the prepared baking-free porous ceramsite is 7mm, and the closed porosity is about 43 percent.
Example three:
(1) selecting mineral materials in the construction waste, crushing and primarily grinding to obtain powder of about 100 meshes;
(2) mixing 40 parts of construction waste mineral material, 22 parts of fly ash and 3 parts of gypsum, and grinding the mixture to be 200 meshes;
(3) weighing 15 parts of cement, mixing the cement with the mixture obtained in the step (2) to obtain a granulation mixture, and dividing the granulation mixture into 5 equal parts;
(4) weighing 0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.5 part of ammonium acetate (accounting for 1 part of foaming agent); weighing 13 parts of water, dissolving 1 part of the weighed foaming agent in the water to obtain a solution A, and dividing the solution into 4 equal parts;
(5) in a molar ratio of NH4 +:OH-Weighing sodium hydroxide in a ratio of 1:2, taking 6 parts of water, dissolving the sodium hydroxide in the water to obtain a solution B, and dividing the solution B into 4 equal parts;
(6) putting one part of the granulation mixture obtained in the step (3) into a granulator, uniformly spraying one part of the solution A obtained in the step (4) onto powder, and granulating;
(7) uniformly spraying one part of the solution B obtained in the step (5) on the raw ceramsite, and performing pore forming;
(8) repeating (6) and (7) by using the prepared particles as cores until A, B solution is consumed;
(9) operating the granulator for 120 minutes to obtain a porous kernel;
(10) adding the last part of granulation mixture into a granulator, and continuing granulation;
(11) and naturally curing the raw ceramsite for 28 days to obtain the high-pore-closing-rate unfired ceramsite.
The average grain diameter of the prepared baking-free porous ceramsite is 6mm, and the closed porosity is about 51 percent.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: according to the preparation method of the high-closed-pore-rate non-fired porous ceramsite, the non-fired porous ceramsite can be prepared by utilizing mineral solid wastes such as construction wastes, tailings and coal ash, so that the solid wastes are recycled, and the discharge of the solid wastes is reduced; secondly, the method promotes the rapid, uniform and thorough pore forming of the ceramsite core by carrying out step-by-step granulation and step-by-step pore forming, effectively improves the porosity of the ceramsite, further improves the closed porosity, and improves the heat insulation performance of the building material; and finally, the core with high porosity and the wrapping process are completed in one step during granulation, so that the preparation process of the high-closed-porosity non-sintered ceramsite is simplified, and the preparation cost is reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the high-closed-pore-rate non-sintered porous ceramsite is characterized in that the ceramsite comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of construction waste mineral materials, 20-60 parts of fly ash, 0-5 parts of gypsum, 5-20 parts of cement, 0.2-5 parts of foaming agent, 0.15-3 parts of inorganic matter for promoting decomposition of the foaming agent and 10-20 parts of water, wherein the foaming agent refers to one or a mixture of more than one of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium acetate, and the inorganic matter for promoting decomposition of the foaming agent refers to sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide;
the preparation method of the high-closed-pore-rate non-sintered porous ceramsite comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting mineral materials from the construction waste, crushing, and primarily grinding to about 100 meshes;
(2) weighing the mineral materials of the construction waste, the fly ash and the gypsum according to the proportion, mixing, and grinding the mixture to 200 meshes;
(3) weighing cement in proportion, mixing the cement with the mixture obtained in the step (2) to obtain a granulation mixture, and dividing the granulation mixture into N equal parts;
(4) weighing different foaming agents according to a proportion, weighing water according to a proportion, dissolving the foaming agents in the water to obtain a solution A, and dividing the solution A into (N-1) equal parts;
(5) in a molar ratio of NH4 +:OH-Weighing sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide according to a ratio of 1: 1.2-10, weighing water according to the ratio, dissolving the sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide in the water to obtain a solution B, and dividing the solution B into (N-1) equal parts;
(6) putting one part of the granulation mixture obtained in the step (3) into a granulator, uniformly spraying one part of the solution A obtained in the step (4) onto powder, and granulating;
(7) uniformly spraying one part of the solution B obtained in the step (5) on the raw ceramsite, and performing pore forming;
(8) repeating (6) and (7) by using the prepared particles as porous cores until A, B solutions are consumed, so as to obtain porous cores;
(9) continuously operating the granulator for 30-120 minutes;
(10) adding the last part of the granulating mixture into a granulator, and continuing granulating;
(11) and naturally curing the raw ceramsite for 1-28 days to obtain the high-pore-closing-rate unfired ceramsite.
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| CN113200731B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-09-27 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Solid waste base non-fired high-strength ceramsite and preparation method thereof |
| CN113277821A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-08-20 | 山西瑞恩泽科技有限公司 | Solid-phase foaming fly ash calcium-silicon slag non-sintered ceramsite and preparation method thereof |
| CN114014684B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-11-10 | 西南科技大学 | High-performance lightweight aggregate with gradient pore structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN116082058B (en) * | 2023-01-14 | 2023-07-28 | 商洛学院 | Iron tailing-based super-strong ceramsite, preparation method thereof and concrete containing iron tailing-based super-strong ceramsite |
| CN117550913B (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-03-26 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Lightweight solid waste porous aggregate and preparation method and application thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20221213 Address after: 542612 Daliantang Base, Gong'an Town, Zhongshan County, Hezhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (formerly Gong'an Brick Factory) Patentee after: Hezhou Kunde Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 18, Xihuan Road, Hezhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee before: HEZHOU University |
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