CN112793057A - Microwave multi-frequency zone heating method for carbon fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents

Microwave multi-frequency zone heating method for carbon fiber reinforced composite material Download PDF

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CN112793057A
CN112793057A CN202011327123.8A CN202011327123A CN112793057A CN 112793057 A CN112793057 A CN 112793057A CN 202011327123 A CN202011327123 A CN 202011327123A CN 112793057 A CN112793057 A CN 112793057A
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carbon fiber
fiber reinforced
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CN112793057B (en
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周靖
李迎光
张艺澄
刘舒霆
郝小忠
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave

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Abstract

A microwave multi-frequency zone heating method for a carbon fiber reinforced composite material is characterized in that artificial electromagnetic super surfaces with different frequencies are placed on the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and microwaves with corresponding frequencies are applied to realize accurate zone heating of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material. The invention can realize the accurate zone heating of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material. The artificial electromagnetic super-surface has a simple structure, is easy to combine, and can be suitable for different components or different partition schemes of the same component.

Description

Microwave multi-frequency zone heating method for carbon fiber reinforced composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave heating technology, in particular to a composite material microwave zone heating technology, and specifically relates to a carbon fiber reinforced composite material microwave multi-frequency zone heating method.
Background
The carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material is light in weight and high in strength, and becomes a preferable material for weight reduction and efficiency improvement of aerospace high-end equipment. The manufacturing of the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material member mainly comprises the steps of shaping, curing, processing and the like. The curing is a key link for realizing the forming of the material and the structure in the manufacturing process of the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material member. Compared with the existing integral heating mode, the method for heating and curing the member in a subarea mode according to the characteristics of the member such as layering, geometry and structure is an effective method for realizing higher performance of the member. Therefore, in recent years, some scientific research institutions and researchers have proposed ideas and methods for performing partition curing on composite material members.
In US 005158132a and EP 2490875B1, a divisional curing method based on a divisional heating mold is proposed, but the divisional heating mold requires introduction of a large number of circuits or oil passages, is complicated in structure, generally can perform divisional heating only on a master surface of a composite material, and is difficult to readjust because the structure is fixed once the mold is manufactured. In addition, this method is inherently difficult to accurately zone heat the composite material due to the hysteresis in the heat transfer spread of the mold profile. Chinese patents CN 111031620A, CN 111031621a and CN 111050429a propose a method for implementing partitioned microwave heating of a heated object based on a phased array concept. However, in the huygens principle-based phased array technology, in the process of forming a beam in a certain direction, microwaves in other directions are also absorbed by the composite material, and the partition precision is low. After a beam along a certain direction is formed, the composite material cannot absorb microwave energy in the direction at one time, and the microwave reflected on the surface and transmitted on the bottom surface of the material can resonate in the cavity and is not directional any more. More importantly, when the method is used for heating the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, the conductive carbon fiber network shields microwaves and the component cannot be heated.
Further expanding the search scope, chinese patent No. CN 103001002B discloses a non-uniform electromagnetic metamaterial, which realizes predetermined response to electromagnetic waves with different incident angles, axis ratios, phase values or electric field incident angles by placing different artificial microstructures in different areas. However, the patent only focuses on the design of the metamaterial and mainly aims at the problems of high frequency and low power wave absorption, and cannot realize the regulation and control of the wave absorption performance of the metamaterial and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, so that the wave absorption and heating effects cannot be generated in a low-frequency and high-power microwave field.
The inventor discovers that a laminated structure formed by a carbon fiber reinforced composite material, a dielectric layer and an artificial microstructure and properly designed can achieve a wave absorbing effect close to 100% by utilizing high-power microwave radiation, and absorbed electromagnetic energy can excite extremely strong induced current in the carbon fiber axial direction in the composite material, so that the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is efficiently heated by utilizing the Joule heating effect. For example, when a laminated structure composed of carbon fiber composite material, dielectric layer (polyimide) and artificial microstructure (copper) is irradiated by microwave power of only 300W, induced current of as high as 900A can be generated in The axial direction of The carbon fiber, and The current required for efficient heating can be completely reached or far exceeded (refer to The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2019; 103: 3479-. In addition, the microwave absorption frequency bands of all areas of the artificial electromagnetic super surface and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the parameters of the material, the geometry, the structure and the like of the artificial electromagnetic super surface (formed by the medium layer attached with the artificial microstructure), and accordingly, the method for accurately heating the carbon fiber reinforced composite material in a partitioning manner by using multi-frequency microwaves is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing zone heating technology needs to introduce a large number of circuits or oil ways, the structure is complex, generally only zone heating can be carried out on the profiling surface of a composite material, once a mould is manufactured, the structure is fixed and is difficult to adjust, and the composite material is difficult to carry out accurate zone heating essentially.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a microwave multi-frequency zone heating method for carbon fiber reinforced composite material is characterized in thatCharacterized in that: respectively arranged on two areas S on the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material1、S2Placing artificial electromagnetic super surface M1、M2The microwave absorption frequency bands of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material in the two areas are respectively (f)1min,f1max)、(f2min,f2max) (ii) a Applying two more specific frequencies f1∈(f1min,f1max)、f2∈(f2min,f2max) Microwave-to-carbon fiber reinforced composite material S1、S2The zones are heated separately.
The artificial electromagnetic super surface consists of a dielectric layer and an artificial microstructure attached to the dielectric layer.
The dielectric layer is made of one or more dielectric materials with a dielectric constant less than 16 and a dielectric loss less than 5 and capable of resisting the highest heating temperature of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, such as one or more of polymers, polymer composite materials, ceramics, ceramic composite materials, ferrite materials, ferroelectric materials and ferromagnetic materials.
Thickness h of the dielectric layer2The following relationship is satisfied:
Figure BDA0002794650690000021
wherein c is the vacuum light speed, and f is the frequency of the microwave used for heating.
The artificial microstructures are made of high-conductivity materials and have geometric patterns.
The high-conductivity material is composed of a material with the conductivity of not less than 103S·m-1Preferably has an electrical conductivity of 105S·m-1The above materials include metals such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and zinc, alloys such as copper alloy, aluminum alloy, and zinc alloy, metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide, and conductive carbon materials such as graphite and graphene.
The diameter d of the circumscribed circle of the artificial microstructure satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0002794650690000031
the area S covered by the high-conductivity material in the circumscribed circle satisfies the following relation:
Figure BDA0002794650690000032
thickness h of the artificial microstructure1The following relationship is satisfied:
Figure BDA0002794650690000033
wherein c is the speed of vacuum light, f is the frequency of microwave used for heating, mu0For vacuum permeability, σ is the electrical conductivity of the highly conductive material used for the artificial microstructure.
The frequency of the microwave is not lower than 430MHz and not higher than 6000 MHz.
The power density of the microwave is not lower than 5mW/cm2。
The microwave absorption frequency band of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and carbon fiber reinforced composite material is adjusted by adjusting the material, shape, size, spacing and layout relationship of the artificial microstructure and the material and thickness of the dielectric layer.
The layout relation refers to the periodic arrangement direction of the artificial microstructures and the angle of each artificial microstructure rotating around the geometric center of the artificial microstructure. For the convenience of design and manufacture, an array arrangement is usually adopted, and the rotation angle of each artificial microstructure is consistent.
Further, the "artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material" is in S1Region pair f1The absorptivity of the frequency microwaves is greater than f2The absorptivity of frequency microwaves; the 'artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material' is arranged at S2Region pair f2The absorptivity of the frequency microwaves is greater than f1Absorption of frequency microwaves, i.e. A1(f1)＞A1(f2) Is not less than 0 and A2(f2)＞A2(f1)≥0。
Preferably, A1(f1)＞3A1(f2) And A is2(f2)＞3A2(f1)。
Preferably, the frequency f1、f2Respectively in the microwave absorption band (f)1min,f1max)、(f2min,f2max) Is best at the absorption peak in (1).
By regulating f1、f2Power of frequency microwave to S of carbon fiber reinforced composite material1、S2The zones are separately temperature controlled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the accurate zone heating of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
2. The artificial electromagnetic super-surface is simple in structure and easy to combine, and can be suitable for different components or different partition schemes of the same component.
3. The artificial electromagnetic super-surface has good flexibility and can be used for heating the complex curved surface component in a subarea way.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a typical artificial microstructure shape for use in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout relationship of the artificial microstructure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an artificial electromagnetic super-surface structure of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic simulation model of "artificial electromagnetic super-surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material".
FIG. 6 shows the microwave absorption band (center frequency of 2.45GHz) of the "artificial electromagnetic super-surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite".
FIG. 7 shows the microwave absorption band (center frequency 915MHz) of "artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite".
FIG. 8 is a photograph of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material with a zone set and a zone heating infrared image under the action of a single frequency microwave.
FIG. 9 is a sectional heating temperature curve and an infrared image of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material under the simultaneous action of 915MHz and 2.45GHz microwaves.
FIG. 10 is a single frequency (2.45GHz) bulk heating experimental setup for a variable thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite.
FIG. 11 is a graph of the overall heating temperature curve and infrared image of the variable thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material under the action of 2.45GHz microwave.
FIG. 12 is a dual frequency (915MHz and 2.45GHz) zoned heating experimental setup for variable thickness carbon fiber reinforced composites.
FIG. 13 is a sectional heating temperature curve and an infrared image of the variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material under the combined action of 915MHz and 2.45GHz microwaves.
FIG. 14 is a multi-frequency (915MHz, 1.8GHz and 2.45GHz) microwave zoned heating infrared image of a carbon fiber reinforced composite.
In the figure: the microwave antenna comprises a magnetron 1, a microwave transmission line 2, a microwave resonance cavity 3, an artificial electromagnetic super-surface 4, a carbon fiber reinforced composite material 5 and an objective table 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1-14.
A microwave multi-frequency zone heating method for carbon fiber reinforced composite material is characterized in that two areas S on the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 5 are respectively1、S2Placing an artificial electromagnetic super surface 4 (i.e. M)1、M2) The microwave absorption frequency bands of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material in the two areas are respectively (f)1min,f1max)、(f2min,f2max) (ii) a The artificial electromagnetic super-surface 4+ carbon fiber reinforced composite material 5 is placed in a microwave resonance cavity 3, and two specific frequencies f are applied1∈(f1min,f1max)、f2∈(f2min,f2max) Microwave-to-carbon fiber reinforced composite material S1、S2Heating the zone by controlling f1、f2Power of frequency microwave to S of carbon fiber reinforced composite material1、S2The zones are controlled separately, and the schematic diagram of the device is shown in figure 1.
In the invention, the dielectric layer of the artificial electromagnetic super surface is made of one or more of polymers, polymer composite materials, ceramics, ceramic composite materials, ferrite materials, ferroelectric materials and ferromagnetic materials. Preferably, FR4, polyimide, teflon and other materials with good dielectric properties are selected. As a specific embodiment, the dielectric layer is introduced by a polyimide film with good flexibility, but the material of the dielectric layer is by no means limited to polyimide, and the desired microwave absorption band of the "artificial electromagnetic super-surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material" can be obtained after the thickness of the dielectric layer of the above material and the material, shape, size, spacing and layout relationship of the artificial microstructure are optimized.
The artificial microstructure on the dielectric layer has the conductivity not less than 103S·m-1Preferably has an electrical conductivity of 105S·m-1The above materials include metals such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and zinc, alloys such as copper alloy, aluminum alloy, and zinc alloy, metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide, and conductive carbon materials such as graphite and graphene. As a specific embodiment, the artificial microstructures are all introduced by copper, but are not limited to copper at all, and after the shapes, sizes, intervals, layout relationships, and the materials and thicknesses of the dielectric layers of the artificial microstructures of the above materials are optimized, a desired microwave absorption band of the "artificial electromagnetic super-surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material" can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the shapes of some typical artificial microstructures are listed in the figure, of course, only some simple examples are given here, the pattern shapes of the artificial microstructures may also be other, which are not exhaustive in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the pattern shapes are not the core of the present invention, and the desired microwave absorption band of "artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material" can be obtained by reasonably designing the material and thickness of the dielectric layer and the material, shape, size, spacing, and layout relationship of the artificial microstructures.
As shown in fig. 3, the layout relationship of the artificial microstructures refers to the periodic arrangement direction of the artificial microstructures (e.g. position one) and the angle of rotation of each artificial microstructure around its geometric center (e.g. position five). In order to facilitate design and manufacture, the specific embodiments of the present invention all use array arrangement, and the rotation angles of each artificial microstructure are consistent.
The size, the spacing and the thickness of the dielectric layer of the artificial microstructure are determined by a finite element algorithm, so that the microwave absorption frequency band of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and carbon fiber reinforced composite material is determined. The finite element algorithm is calculated by electromagnetic field design simulation software. The method comprises the steps of designing a double-port electromagnetic simulation model of an artificial microstructure, a dielectric layer and a carbon fiber reinforced composite material with periodic boundaries in electromagnetic field design simulation software, and optimizing the structural parameters one by adopting a parameter scanning method, wherein the optimization sequence is generally the size of the artificial microstructure, the distance of the artificial microstructure and the thickness of the dielectric layer. The optimization process is completed by a computer, is not complex and can be completed quickly.
In the invention, the artificial microstructure is attached to the dielectric layer in the modes of etching, electroplating, photoetching, electron/ion etching, mould pressing, adhesion and the like.
In the present invention, the super surface M is completed1、M2After the design and manufacture of (3), the artificial electromagnetic super surface M1、M2Two regions S arranged on the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material1、S2In the above, two specific frequency microwaves (usually the frequency corresponding to the peak of the microwave absorption band) are selected, and the input power of the two microwave sources is controlled to control each corresponding regionS1、S2The heating rate of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is reduced, and the temperature of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is controlled in a subarea mode. Examples of the practice of the invention are shown below:
example 1 was carried out.
Heating carbon fiber reinforced composite material by microwave multi-frequency zone heating [0/90 ]]10The dimension of the film is 600 (length) multiplied by 300 (width) multiplied by 2.0 (height) mm3. In order to design and manufacture the artificial electromagnetic super surface, a copper-clad polyimide film is purchased from manufacturers as a raw material of the artificial electromagnetic super surface. As shown in fig. 4, the dielectric layer material of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface is polyimide, the dielectric constant of the polyimide is 3.5, and the dielectric loss is 0.028. The artificial microstructure material is copper with the conductivity of 5.813 × 107S/m, a square hollow unit is adopted. In order to facilitate design and manufacture, the layout relationship is array arrangement, and the rotation angle of each artificial microstructure is kept consistent.
As shown in fig. 5, a two-port electromagnetic analysis model of "artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite" is established by using Floquet port excitation in HFSS frequency domain simulation software, and the structure size is optimized. Taking 2.45GHz as the center frequency of the microwave absorption frequency band of the artificial electromagnetic super surface and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material as an example, the super surface is designed and optimized. First, the optimization range of each parameter is determined. From the thickness of the dielectric layer
Figure BDA0002794650690000061
Can obtain h2Not more than 4.08mm, so h2The simulation optimization range of the method is 0-4.08 mm; similarly, according to the maximum circumscribed circle diameter of the structure
Figure BDA0002794650690000062
D is more than or equal to 12.5 and less than or equal to 61mm, namely w1The value range of (a) is not less than 8.8mm and not more than w1Less than or equal to 43.1 mm; then, according to the patch area formula, when w is1Is more than 40.8mm and needs to further satisfy
Figure BDA0002794650690000063
In addition, the thickness of the artificial microstructure
Figure BDA0002794650690000064
In this example, the copper foil of 18 μm, which is most commonly used in the market, was used. The structural parameters of the super surface are optimized in the range, and the structural parameters of the artificial electromagnetic super surface are determined as follows: w is a1＝27.25mm，w2＝3mm，d＝1mm，h1＝18μm，h21.1 mm. At this time, the microwave absorption band of the "artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material" is shown in fig. 6. Therefore, the microwave absorption frequency band interval of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and carbon fiber reinforced composite material is (1.6GHz,3.2GHz), and the reflectivity S is11The peak of (a) occurs at 2.45GHz and is only-21.2 dB (i.e. the microwave absorption is 99%).
Similarly, when the central frequency of the microwave absorption frequency band of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and carbon fiber reinforced composite material is 915MHz, the corresponding artificial electromagnetic super-surface structure parameters are as follows: w is a1＝71mm，w2＝18mm，d＝1.4mm，h1＝18μm，h22.4 mm. At this time, the microwave absorption band of the "artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material" is shown in fig. 7. Therefore, the microwave absorption frequency band interval of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and carbon fiber reinforced composite material is (600MHz,1200MHz), and the reflectivity S11The peak of (a) occurs at 915MHz, which is only-17.3 dB (i.e. the microwave absorption is 98%).
And etching a periodic artificial microstructure on the surface of the copper-clad polyimide plate by adopting a laser etching method to finish the manufacture of the artificial electromagnetic super surface.
As shown in fig. 8, a release fabric is placed on the lower surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and then a corresponding artificial electromagnetic super surface is placed in each area to form three areas, namely a 915MHz partition, a 2.45GHz partition and an artificial electromagnetic super surface-free partition; the method comprises the following steps of sequentially placing demolding cloth, a porous isolating membrane and an air felt on the upper surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, forming a vacuum bag, vacuumizing the packaged carbon fiber reinforced composite material and placing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material into a microwave resonant cavity, starting a microwave magnetron, regulating and controlling microwave power, and carrying out infrared temperature imaging on the upper surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material through an infrared thermal imager.
And starting a single-frequency microwave magnetron to perform zone heating on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material. As shown in fig. 8, when only the 915MHz microwave magnetron is started to heat the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, the heating effect of the 915MHz partition becomes more and more obvious; when only the 2.45GHz microwave magnetron is started to heat the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, the heating effect of the 2.45GHz partition is more and more obvious; the artificial electromagnetic-free super-surface subarea is not heated in the whole heating process of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
And simultaneously starting a 915MHz and 2.45GHz microwave magnetron to perform zone heating on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material. As shown in FIG. 9, the 915MHz microwave power is initially higher, the 2.45GHz microwave power is lower, the 915MHz partition is heated first, then the 2.45GHz microwave power is increased, the 2.45GHz partition also starts to be heated gradually, after the 915MHz microwave power is reduced, the temperature of the 2.45GHz partition gradually reaches and exceeds the level of the 915MHz partition, then the 915MHz microwave power is increased, the 2.45GHz microwave power is reduced, and the temperature of the 915MHz partition exceeds the 2.45GHz partition again, so that the whole heating process presents an accurate partition temperature control effect.
Example 2 was carried out.
Aiming at the variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material, a set of microwave multi-frequency zone heating and single-frequency integral heating contrast experiment is carried out. The in-plane dimension of the variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material is 600 (length) × 300 (width) mm2The thickness of the thin plate area is 1.0mm, and the thickness of the thick plate area is 5.2 mm. The artificial electromagnetic super-surface design is the same as that of embodiment example 1.
In a single-frequency integral heating experiment, firstly, a piece of demolding cloth is placed on the lower surface of the variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and then a 2.45GHz artificial electromagnetic super-surface is placed on the lower surface, as shown in FIG. 10; the following examples are the same as example 1 except that a release cloth, a porous isolation film and an air-permeable felt are sequentially placed on the upper surface, a vacuum bag is formed, and the packaged variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material is vacuumized and placed in a microwave resonant cavity.
As shown in fig. 11, when 2.45GHz microwave is used to heat the whole of the variable thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material, since the thermal capacity of the thick plate region is greater than that of the thin plate region, no matter how the microwave power is adjusted, the temperature difference between the thick plate region and the thin plate region is difficult to decrease during the temperature rise process, and the uniform curing requirement of the variable thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material is difficult to satisfy.
In the multi-frequency zone heating experiment, the lower surface of the variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material is firstly provided with the demolding cloth, the thick plate area is provided with the 915MHz artificial electromagnetic super surface, and the thin plate area is provided with the 2.45GHz artificial electromagnetic super surface, as shown in FIG. 12; the following examples are the same as example 1 except that a release cloth, a porous isolation film and an air-permeable felt are sequentially placed on the upper surface, a vacuum bag is formed, and the packaged variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material is vacuumized and placed in a microwave resonant cavity.
As shown in fig. 13, it can be seen that, when the artificial electromagnetic super-surface with different frequencies is used to perform zone heating on the variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material, the temperature of the thick plate region and the temperature of the thin plate region can be kept consistent by adjusting the microwave power with different frequencies, so as to meet the requirement of uniform curing of the variable-thickness carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
Example 3 was carried out.
Microwave multi-frequency zone heating of carbon fiber reinforced composite material [90/-45/0/45]5The dimension of the film is 300 (length) multiplied by 300 (width) multiplied by 2.0 (height) mm3. The artificial electromagnetic super-surface design is the same as that of embodiment example 1.
A two-port electromagnetic analysis model of an artificial microstructure, a dielectric layer and a carbon fiber reinforced composite is established by Floquet port excitation in HFSS frequency domain simulation software, the structure size is optimized, and a microwave absorption frequency band with the frequency of 1.8GHz at the peak value is determined. The optimized artificial electromagnetic super-surface structure parameters are as follows: w is a1＝45.75mm，w2＝9mm，d＝1.2mm，h1＝18μm，h21.6 mm. The rest is the same as embodiment example 1.
Firstly placing demolding cloth on the lower surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and then placing corresponding artificial electromagnetic super-surface in each area to form five areas, namely 915MHz subareas, 2.45GHz subareas, 1.8GHz subareas 1, 1.8GHz subareas 2 and artificial electromagnetic super-surface-free subareas; the following examples are the same as example 1 except that a release cloth, a porous isolation film, and an air-permeable felt are sequentially placed on the upper surface, a vacuum bag is formed, and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is vacuumized and placed in a microwave resonant cavity.
And simultaneously starting 915MHz, 2.45GHz and 1.8GHz microwave magnetrons to perform zone heating on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material. As shown in fig. 14, when the 1.8GHz microwave power is large, the 2.45GHz microwave power is second, and the 915MHz microwave power is small, the temperatures of the 1.8GHz partition 1 and the 1.8GHz partition 2 are high, the temperature of the 2.45GHz partition is second, the temperature of the 915MHz partition is small, the artificial electromagnetic super-surface partition is not heated, and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material exhibits an accurate partition heating effect.
In specific implementation, the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be divided into three or more regions, and an artificial electromagnetic super-surface composed of a dielectric layer and an artificial microstructure is completely or partially placed in the corresponding region according to needs to realize more zone heating, and the specific steps of the method are the same as those of the two regions in the embodiment.
It is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications.
The present invention is not concerned with parts which are the same as or can be implemented using prior art techniques.

Claims (10)

1. A microwave multi-frequency zone heating method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials is characterized in that: respectively arranged on two areas S on the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material1、S2Placing artificial electromagnetic super surface M1、M2The microwave absorption frequency bands of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material in the two areas are respectively (f)1min,f1max)、(f2min,f2max) (ii) a Applying two more specific frequencies f1∈(f1min,f1max)、f2∈(f2min,f2max) The microwave is used for reinforcing and compounding the carbon fiberS of the Material1、S2The two zones are heated separately.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the artificial electromagnetic super surface consists of a dielectric layer and an artificial microstructure attached to the dielectric layer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric layer of the artificial electromagnetic super surface is made of one or more dielectric materials with the dielectric constant less than 16 and the dielectric loss less than 5.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thickness h of the medium layer of the artificial electromagnetic super surface2The following relationship is satisfied:
Figure FDA0002794650680000011
wherein c is the vacuum light speed, and f is the frequency of the microwave used for heating.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the artificial microstructure of the artificial electromagnetic super surface is an artificial structure which is made of high-conductivity materials and has a geometric pattern; the high conductivity material has a conductivity of not less than 103S·m-1Preferably a conductivity of 105S·m-1The above materials.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the diameter d of the circumscribed circle of the artificial microstructure of the artificial electromagnetic super surface meets the following relation:
Figure FDA0002794650680000012
the area S covered by the high-conductivity material in the circumscribed circle satisfies the following relation:
Figure FDA0002794650680000013
wherein c is the vacuum light speed, and f is the frequency of the microwave used for heating.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thickness h of the artificial microstructure of the artificial electromagnetic super surface1The following relationship is satisfied:
Figure FDA0002794650680000014
wherein c is the speed of vacuum light, f is the frequency of microwave used for heating, mu0For vacuum permeability, σ is the electrical conductivity of the highly conductive material used for the artificial microstructure.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the microwave absorption frequency band of the artificial electromagnetic super-surface and carbon fiber reinforced composite material is adjusted by adjusting the material, shape, size, spacing and layout relationship of the artificial microstructure and the material and thickness of the dielectric layer.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the 'artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material' is arranged at S1Region pair f1The absorptivity of the frequency microwaves is greater than f2The absorptivity of frequency microwaves; the 'artificial electromagnetic super surface + carbon fiber reinforced composite material' is arranged at S2Region pair f2The absorptivity of the frequency microwaves is greater than f1Absorption of frequency microwaves, i.e. A1(f1)＞A1(f2) Is not less than 0 and A2(f2)＞A2(f1)≥0。
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: tong (Chinese character of 'tong')Over regulation f1、f2Power of frequency microwave to S of carbon fiber reinforced composite material1、S2The zones are separately temperature controlled.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113954393A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-01-21 南京航空航天大学 Method for controlling deformation of composite material component through zone heating and curing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106450785A (en) * 2016-12-06 2017-02-22 电子科技大学 Electromagnetic metamaterial structure for generating local hot spots
CN109228066A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-01-18 南京航空航天大学 Multidirectional laying carbon fiber enhancement resin base composite material microwave solidification method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106450785A (en) * 2016-12-06 2017-02-22 电子科技大学 Electromagnetic metamaterial structure for generating local hot spots
CN109228066A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-01-18 南京航空航天大学 Multidirectional laying carbon fiber enhancement resin base composite material microwave solidification method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113954393A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-01-21 南京航空航天大学 Method for controlling deformation of composite material component through zone heating and curing

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