CN112792239A - Hot processing device and hot processing method for curved surface part - Google Patents
Hot processing device and hot processing method for curved surface part Download PDFInfo
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- CN112792239A CN112792239A CN202011484064.5A CN202011484064A CN112792239A CN 112792239 A CN112792239 A CN 112792239A CN 202011484064 A CN202011484064 A CN 202011484064A CN 112792239 A CN112792239 A CN 112792239A
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000405070 Percophidae Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
Abstract
The invention provides a hot processing device and a hot processing method for curved surface parts. The working table is provided with a through hole, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole are symmetrically provided with a bearing through cover and a bearing, a shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft is contacted with a bearing inner ring positioned on the upper end surface of the working table, a small-diameter section penetrates through the inner ring of the bearing and extends out of the device, a key groove is arranged on a large-diameter section, the single-layer coil is connected with the large-diameter section of the rotating shaft through a key, a gland nut, the single-layer coil and a gasket are sequentially arranged on the large-diameter section of the rotating shaft from top to bottom, and two ends; the cooling assemblies are uniformly distributed on one side far away from the curved surface part along the circumference of the single-layer coil, and the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode are respectively positioned on two sides of the curved surface part. The invention can obtain good microstructure in the processing process, has high efficiency and high automation degree, and greatly saves the hot processing cost of curved surface parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of workpiece hot processing, in particular to a hot processing device for curved surface parts and a hot processing method thereof.
Background
In the manufacturing process of mechanical equipment, a large-diameter hollow cylinder or circular truncated cone type thin-wall workpiece sometimes needs to be machined, a plurality of curved surface parts with radians are generally spliced and welded, the workpieces are characterized in that the thickness of the workpieces is possibly only 1-2 cm or even thinner, the radius of the workpieces can reach several meters to ten meters, but the machining process of the spliced curved surface parts is not easy, the workpieces are machined according to the conventional cold machining mode, extremely large internal stress can be generated, the internal stress can cause serious deformation or stress corrosion fracture of final equipment in the service process, and the thin-wall curved surface parts are more suitable for being machined by hot machining.
At present, most of the parts are stacked in a material tray and sent into a heating furnace for heating, although the heating method of the heating furnace can process the parts in large quantities at one time, the defects are large, the labor capacity of workers is large, the environmental pollution of equipment is large, the energy consumption is large, the final efficiency is not high, and if the curved surface parts are also heated by the heating furnace, the space utilization rate in the heating furnace is low due to the stacking method, so that the efficiency of the heating process is lower.
Therefore, for the hot working of these curved surface parts with large curvature, large volume and thin wall, a precise control heating method and a hot working method with high efficiency, good effect and high automation degree are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hot-working device and a hot-working method for curved surface parts, which mainly solve the problem of stacking of the curved surface parts by improving the utilization rate of the space of the curved surface parts in a heating furnace, so that the curved surface parts are efficiently, energy-saving and environment-friendly and are uniformly and quickly heated in a temperature field, and the hot-working quality of the curved surface parts is improved.
The invention provides a hot-working device for curved surface parts, which comprises a single-layer coil, a cooling assembly, an infrared camera, an electrode, a workbench, a clamping block, a rotating shaft, a compression nut, a gasket, a bearing transparent cover and a bearing. The single-layer coil comprises a solid annular coil, bakelite and a coil mounting block, wherein the bakelite is in an I-shaped structure, the first end of the bakelite is connected with the inner diameter of the solid annular coil, the second end of the bakelite is connected with the coil mounting block, and the axis of the solid annular coil and the axis of the coil mounting block are on the same straight line; the cooling assembly comprises a first cooling assembly, a second cooling assembly and a third cooling assembly, and comprises a nozzle support, a duckbill nozzle and a nozzle mounting nut, wherein the nozzle support is of an L-shaped structure, the first end of the nozzle support is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the workbench, and the duckbill nozzle is fixedly connected with the second end of the nozzle support through the nozzle mounting nut; the electrode comprises an electrode support, a graphite electrode, a screw cap, a spring and a base, wherein the electrode support is of an L-shaped structure, the first end of the electrode support is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the workbench, and the graphite electrode is fixedly connected with the second end of the electrode support sequentially through the screw cap and the spring positioned in the base. The utility model discloses a bearing, including workstation, the workstation is equipped with the through-hole, the upper and lower terminal surface symmetry installation of through-hole the bearing pass through the lid with the bearing, the bearing is located inside the bearing passes through the lid, the appearance of pivot is the step shaft structure, comprises path section and big footpath section, the shaft shoulder of pivot and the bearing inner race contact that is located the workstation up end, the path section passes outside the inner race of bearing stretches out the device, be equipped with the keyway on the big footpath section, the individual layer coil pass through the key with the big footpath section of pivot is connected, the big footpath section from the top down of pivot is installed in proper order gland nut the individual layer coil with the packing ring, install through the clamping piece respectively at the both ends of curved surface part the up end of workstation. First cooling module second cooling module with the circumference equipartition of third cooling module along the individual layer coil is being kept away from one side of curved surface part, main electrode with vice electrode is located respectively the both sides of curved surface part, main electrode with the top of vice electrode respectively with the surface in close contact with of individual layer coil, main electrode with the bottom of vice electrode respectively with the up end fixed connection of workstation, first infrared camera machine installs the top between first cooling module of this device and the second cooling module, the top between second infrared camera machine installs this device second cooling module and third cooling module, third infrared camera machine installs the dead ahead of curved surface part.
Preferably, the thickness of the coil mounting block is greater than the thickness of the solid annular coil by 2-6 mm, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the solid annular coil are coated with insulating layers.
Preferably, the width of the duckbill nozzle is consistent with the thickness of the solid annular coil, and the width of the air outlet of the duckbill nozzle is smaller than the thickness of the solid annular coil.
Preferably, one end of the graphite electrode, which is close to the curved part, is arc-shaped, and the curvature of the arc-shaped part is the same as the outer diameter of the curved part.
Preferably, an arc notch is formed in the position, where the curved surface part is installed, on the workbench.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the aforementioned hot working method for curved surface parts, which includes the following steps:
s1, mounting the curved surface part on a mechanical arm provided with a clamping block, moving the mechanical arm to an arc-shaped notch of the workbench, and fixing the curved surface part;
s2, initializing the hot processing device for the curved surface part, and setting related technical parameters:
s21, adjusting the angles of the first infrared camera, the second infrared camera and the third infrared camera, connecting to a computer for controlling the device, and setting the initial sampling frequency f of the infrared cameras;
s22, switching on a power device of a rotating shaft connected with the N layers of single-layer coils, and setting the initial rotating speed omega of the single-layer coils;
s23, connecting the first cooling assembly, the second cooling assembly and the third cooling assembly with an air compressor through electromagnetic valves respectively, and setting the initial flow of the cooling assemblies;
s24, switching on a power supply of the N layers of single-layer coils, and setting the alternating current density and frequency initial parameters of the single-layer coils;
s3, carrying out hot working on the curved surface part:
s31, starting the first cooling assembly, and reducing the temperature of the single-layer coil passing through the first cooling assembly to be within T1 +/-delta T ℃; extracting infrared thermal images of the inner walls of the single-layer coils of all layers shot by the first infrared camera, if the single-layer coils with the inner wall temperature still higher than T1+ delta T ℃ exist, increasing the flow of the single-layer coils corresponding to the duckbill-shaped nozzle of the first cooling assembly, and otherwise, performing the step S32;
s32, starting a second cooling assembly, cooling the single-layer coil of the second cooling assembly, simultaneously extracting an infrared thermal image of the inner wall of each single-layer coil shot by a second infrared camera, if the inner wall temperature difference exceeds 2 delta T ℃, adjusting the flow of the single-layer coil corresponding to the duckbill-shaped nozzle of the second cooling assembly, and otherwise, continuing to step S33;
s33, dividing the image of the back of the curved surface part into N-layer areas according to the thickness of the single-layer coil, extracting infrared thermal images of the inner walls of the single-layer coils of each layer, which are shot by a third infrared camera, if the temperature difference of the inner walls exceeds T ℃, adjusting the current density of a corresponding electrode of a low-temperature layer in the curved surface part, adjusting the flow of a duckbill-shaped nozzle of a third cooling assembly, keeping the temperature of the N-layer area of the back of the curved surface part consistent, and keeping the gaps between the N-layer area of the curved surface part and the N-layer single-layer;
s4, finishing the hot processing of the curved surface part after the uniformity of the temperature field of the N layer area of the curved surface part meets the processing requirement, and finishing the unloading of the curved surface part after the processing; and repeating the steps S1 to S3, and continuing the hot working of the next curved surface part.
Preferably, the rotation speed ω of the single-layer coil and the sampling frequency f of the first infrared camera, the second infrared camera and the third infrared camera may be adjusted according to actual conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the processing process, the temperature field of the heating area can be quickly established, the temperature field is uniform, a very good microstructure is obtained, the efficiency is high, the automation degree is high, and the hot processing cost of the curved surface part is greatly saved.
2. The heating device of the invention can be suitable for the hot working of the inner wall of the waist drum type and round table type thin-wall curved surface parts through the matching of coils with different sizes, and can also be used for the surface heat treatment of the parts with thick walls such as a concave die and the like.
3. The invention utilizes the closed-loop control of machine vision to realize the precise and micro control of the temperature field of the heating area of the curved surface part. The temperature difference of each layer of the workpiece is eliminated by adjusting the current density of each layer of the coil; and the cooling degree of each layer of coil is different, so that the thermal expansion of each layer of coil is different, the influence of workpiece deformation caused by changing the current density is eliminated by utilizing the difference, and the gap between the inner wall of the workpiece and the outer wall of each layer of coil is kept consistent, so that the control variable is reduced, the temperature difference can be more accurately adjusted by adjusting the current density, the adjustment precision is improved, the temperature difference of a temperature field is reduced to the maximum extent, and the uniformity of the temperature field is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a hot working apparatus for curved surface parts and a hot working method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the hot working apparatus for curved surface parts and the hot working method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the hot working apparatus for curved surface parts and the hot working method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-layer coil in the hot working apparatus for curved surface parts and the hot working method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cooling nozzle structure of the hot working apparatus for curved surface parts and the hot working method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode in the hot working apparatus for curved surface parts and the hot working method thereof according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flow chart of the hot working device for curved surface parts and the hot working method thereof according to the present invention.
The main reference numbers:
the device comprises a single-layer coil 1, a solid ring coil 101, a coil mounting block 102, bakelite 103, a rotating shaft 2, a compression nut 3, a second cooling component 4, a nozzle support 401, a duckbilled nozzle 402, a nozzle mounting nut 403, a first infrared camera 5, a first cooling component 6, a main electrode 7, an electrode support 701, a graphite electrode 702, a nut 703, a spring 704, a base 705, a workbench 8, a clamping block 9, a curved surface part 10, a third infrared camera 11, an auxiliary electrode 12, a third cooling component 13, a second infrared camera 14, a gasket 15, a bearing transparent cover 16 and a bearing 17.
Detailed Description
The technical contents, structural features, attained objects and effects of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A hot working device for curved surface parts is shown in figure 1 and comprises a single-layer coil 1, a cooling assembly, an infrared camera, an electrode, a workbench 8, a clamping block 9, a rotating shaft 2, a compression nut 3, a gasket 15, a bearing transparent cover 16 and a bearing 17.
The single-layer coil 1, as shown in fig. 4, includes a solid circular coil 101, a bakelite 102 and a coil mounting block 103, wherein the bakelite 102 is in an "i" shape, bolt holes are drilled at two ends of the bakelite 102, a first end of the bakelite 102 is connected with an inner diameter of the solid circular coil 101, a second end of the bakelite 102 is connected with the coil mounting block 103, and an axis of the solid circular coil 101 and an axis of the coil mounting block 103 are on the same straight line.
The cooling assembly is composed of a first cooling assembly 6, a second cooling assembly 4 and a third cooling assembly 13, as shown in fig. 5, the cooling assembly comprises 8 nozzle supports 401, a duckbill-shaped nozzle 402 and a nozzle mounting nut 403, the nozzle supports 401 are in an L-shaped structure, a first end of each nozzle support 401 is fixedly connected with an upper end face of the corresponding workbench 8, and the duckbill-shaped nozzle 402 is fixedly connected with a second end of the corresponding nozzle support 401 through the nozzle mounting nut 403.
As shown in fig. 6, the electrode includes an electrode holder 701, a graphite electrode 702, a nut 703, a spring 704, and a base 705, the electrode holder 701 has an L-shaped configuration, a first end of the electrode holder 701 is fixedly connected to an upper end surface of the table 8, and the graphite electrode 702 is fixedly connected to a second end of the electrode holder 701 sequentially through the nut 703 and the spring 704 located inside the base 705.
As shown in fig. 3, a through hole is formed in the worktable 8, a bearing transparent cover 16 and a bearing 17 are symmetrically installed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole, the bearing 17 is located inside the bearing transparent cover 16, the appearance of the rotating shaft 2 is of a stepped shaft structure and is composed of a small-diameter section and a large-diameter section, a shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft 2 is in contact with an inner ring of the bearing 17 located on the upper end surface of the worktable 8, the small-diameter section penetrates through the inner ring of the bearing 17 to extend out of the device, the part of the rotating shaft 2 extending out of the device is connected with an external power device, a key groove is formed in the large-diameter section, the single-layer coil 1 is connected with the large-diameter section of the rotating shaft 2 through a key, circumferential positioning of the rotating shaft 2 and the single-layer coil 1 is realized through the key, a gland nut 3, the single-layer coil 1 and a. Specifically, an arc notch is provided at a position where the curved surface part 10 is mounted on the table 8.
As shown in fig. 2, a first cooling assembly 6, a second cooling assembly 4 and a third cooling assembly 13 are uniformly distributed on one side far away from a curved part 10 along the circumference of a single-layer coil 1, a main electrode 7 and an auxiliary electrode 12 are respectively positioned on two sides of the curved part 10, the tops of the main electrode 7 and the auxiliary electrode 12 are respectively in close contact with the outer surface of the single-layer coil 1, the bottoms of the main electrode 7 and the auxiliary electrode 12 are respectively fixedly connected with the upper end surface of a worktable 8, a first infrared camera 5 is arranged above the space between the first cooling assembly 6 and the second cooling assembly 4 of the device, the first infrared camera 5 is used for shooting the inner wall temperature image of the single-layer coil 1 at the middle part of the first cooling assembly 6 and the second cooling assembly 4, a second infrared camera 14 is arranged above the space between the second cooling assembly 4 and the third cooling assembly 13 of the device, and the second infrared camera 12 is used for shooting the inner wall temperature image of the single-layer coil 1 at the middle part of the And (3) measuring images, wherein a third infrared camera 11 is arranged right in front of the curved part 10, and the third infrared camera 11 is used for shooting a temperature image of the back surface of the curved part 10.
Further, in order to ensure the hot processing quality of the device, the thickness of the coil mounting block 103 is 2-6 mm thicker than that of the solid annular coil 101, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the coil mounting block are 1-3 mm thicker, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the solid annular coil 101 are coated with insulating layers, and the single-layer coils 1 are insulated.
The width of the duckbill nozzle 402 is consistent with the thickness of the solid annular coil 101, and the width of the air outlet of the duckbill nozzle 402 is smaller than the thickness of the solid annular coil 101. By adjusting the distance between the front end of the duckbill nozzle 402 and the surface of the solid toroid 101, the cooling gas is made to fan-shaped to cover the thickness of one solid toroid 101.
The end of the graphite electrode 702 close to the curved part 10 is arc-shaped, and the curvature of the arc is the same as the outer diameter of the curved part 10.
In order to improve the uniformity of the temperature field of the curved part 10 in the heating area, thereby obtaining a good microstructure, improving the hot processing quality, and avoiding the problem of environmental pollution in the hot processing process of the curved part 10, a hot processing method for the curved part 10 is provided, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, mounting the curved part 10 on a mechanical arm provided with a clamping block 9, moving the mechanical arm to the arc-shaped notch of the workbench 8, and fixing the curved part 10.
S2, initializing the hot working device for the curved surface part 10, and setting the relevant technical parameters:
and S21, adjusting the angles of the first infrared camera 5, the second infrared camera 14 and the third infrared camera 11, connecting with a computer for controlling the device, and setting the initial sampling frequency f of the infrared cameras.
And S22, switching on a power device of the rotating shaft 2 connected with the N layers of single-layer coils 1, and setting the initial rotating speed omega of the single-layer coils 1.
And S23, connecting the first cooling assembly 6, the second cooling assembly 4 and the third cooling assembly 13 with an air compressor through electromagnetic valves respectively, and setting the initial flow of the cooling assemblies.
And S24, switching on the power supply of the N layers of single-layer coils 1, and setting initial parameters of the alternating current density and the frequency of the single-layer coils 1.
S3, carrying out hot working on the curved surface part 10:
s31, starting the first cooling assembly 6, and reducing the temperature of the single-layer coil 1 passing through the first cooling assembly 6 to be within T1 +/-delta T ℃ (the service life of the single-layer coil 1 is prolonged); and extracting the infrared thermal image of the inner wall of each layer of single-layer coil 1 shot by the first infrared camera 5, if a single-layer coil with the inner wall temperature still higher than T1+ delta T ℃ exists, increasing the flow of the single-layer coil 1 corresponding to the duckbill nozzle 402 of the first cooling assembly 6, and otherwise, performing the step S32.
And S32, starting the second cooling assembly 4, cooling the single-layer coil 1 passing through the second cooling assembly 4, simultaneously extracting the infrared thermal image of the inner wall of each single-layer coil 1 shot by the second infrared camera 14, if the inner wall temperature difference exceeds 2 delta T ℃, adjusting the flow of the single-layer coil 1 corresponding to the duckbill nozzle 402 of the second cooling assembly 4, and otherwise, continuing to the step S33.
S33, dividing the back image of the curved surface part 10 into N-layer areas according to the thickness of the single-layer coil 1, extracting the infrared thermal image of the inner wall of each single-layer coil 1 shot by the third infrared camera 11, and adjusting the current density led into the single-layer coil 1 if the temperature difference of the inner wall exceeds T ℃, so that the temperature of the N-layer areas of the back image of the curved surface part 10 is consistent; in order to prevent the temperature of the low-temperature region from being rapidly increased, the head layer and the tail layer of the curved surface part 10 are subjected to small-angle buckling deformation, so that the distance between the deformed region of the curved surface part 10 and the corresponding single-layer coil 1 is increased, the temperature of the N-layer region on the back surface of the curved surface part 10 is kept consistent, the flow rate of the duckbill-shaped nozzle 402 of the third cooling assembly 11 is adjusted, and the gaps between the N-layer region of the curved surface part 10 and the N-layer single-layer coil 1 are kept consistent.
S4, finishing hot processing of the curved surface part 10 after the uniformity of the temperature field of the N layer region in the curved surface part 10 meets the processing requirement, and finishing unloading of the curved surface part 10 after processing; and repeating the steps S1 to S3, and continuing the hot working of the next curved surface part 10 to reduce the control variable and improve the control precision of the temperature field.
Preferably, the rotation speed ω of the single-layer coil 1 and the sampling frequency f of the first infrared camera 5, the second infrared camera 14 and the third infrared camera 11 can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
The hot working apparatus and method for curved surface parts according to the present invention are further described with reference to the following embodiments:
in the embodiment, the curved surface part 10 is a steel plate with the thickness of 6mm and the outer diameter of 3.8m, the ideal heating layer depth is 2mm, the heating temperature is 850 ℃, and the heating is carried out for 2min under the condition of uniform temperature field; the thickness of the coil mounting block 103 in the single-layer coil 1 used in this embodiment is 4mm thicker (2 mm thick in each of the upper and lower surfaces) than that of the solid toroid 101.
And S1, mounting the curved part 10 on a mechanical arm provided with a clamping block 9, moving the mechanical arm to the arc-shaped notch of the workbench 8, and fixing the curved part 10.
S2, initializing the hot working device for the curved surface part 10, and setting the relevant technical parameters:
s21, adjusting the angles of the first infrared camera 5, the second infrared camera 14 and the third infrared camera 11 to ensure that the first infrared camera 5 and the second infrared camera 14 can shoot temperature images of the inner wall of the 8-layer single-layer coil 1, the third infrared camera 11 can shoot whole temperature images of the back of the curved part 10, and connecting the curved part with a computer to set the initial sampling frequency f to be 90 times/min; according to the actual situation, the sampling frequency of the first infrared camera 5, the second infrared camera 14 and the third infrared camera 11 can be reduced to 81 times/min.
S22, switching on a power device of the rotating shaft 2 connected with the 8-layer single-layer coil 1, and setting the initial rotating speed omega of the single-layer coil 1 to be 4 r/min; the initial rotation speed omega of the single-layer coil 1 can reduce the rotation speed of the 8-layer single-layer coil 1 to 3.6r/min according to the actual situation.
S23, connecting the first cooling module 6, the second cooling module 4 and the third cooling module 13 with the solenoid valve and the air compressor respectively, the flow rate of each duckbill nozzle 402 can be controlled independently, and the initial flow rate of the cooling modules is set to be 1.5 × 10 from the middle because the single-layer coil 1 closer to the 1 st and 8 th layers is easier to dissipate heat-3m3Decrease to 1.2 multiplied by 10 up and down layer by layer-3m3。
S24, switching on the power supply of the 8-layer single-layer coil 1, and setting the initial alternating current density and the frequency of the single-layer coil 1 to be 1.8 multiplied by 105A/m respectively2And 8 kHz; the main electrode 7 and the auxiliary electrode 12 each comprise 8 single electrodesAnd 8 layers of single-layer coils 1 are insulated from each other, so that the current density of the 8 layers of single-layer coils 1 can be independently adjusted.
S3, carrying out hot working on the curved surface part 10:
s31, starting the first cooling assembly 6, and reducing the temperature of the single-layer coil 1 passing through the first cooling assembly 6 to 50-70 ℃; extracting infrared thermal images of the inner walls of the single-layer coils 1 of each layer, which are shot by a first infrared camera 5, and mainly ensuring that the temperature of the inner walls of the single-layer coils 1 of the middle 6 layers is reduced to 50-70 ℃; if there is a single-layer coil whose inner wall temperature is still higher than 70 ℃, the flow rate of the single-layer coil 1 corresponding to the duckbill nozzle 402 of the first cooling assembly 6 is increased, otherwise, the step S32 is performed.
S32, starting a second cooling assembly 4, cooling the single-layer coil 1 passing through the second cooling assembly 4, simultaneously extracting an infrared thermal image of the inner wall of each layer of single-layer coil 1 shot by a second infrared camera 14, and ensuring that the temperature difference of the inner wall between each layer of single-layer coil 1 is not more than 20 ℃; if the inner wall temperature difference exceeds 20 ℃, adjusting the flow rate of the duckbill-shaped nozzle 402 of the single-layer coil 1 corresponding to the second cooling assembly 4, and reducing the temperature difference between the inner walls of the single-layer coil 1 to the maximum extent, so as to provide convenience for subsequently regulating and controlling the gap between the inner wall of each layer of the single-layer coil 1 and the curved surface part 10, otherwise, continuing to the step S33.
S33, dividing the back image of the curved surface part 10 into 8 layers, namely, A-H layers, according to the thickness of the single-layer coil 1, extracting the infrared thermal image of the back surface of the curved surface part 10 by the third camera 11, wherein the heat dissipation of the areas of the A layer and the H layer in the area of the A-H layer in the curved surface part 10 is better, so that the temperature of the area is lower than that of the areas B-G, in order to make the back temperature of the curved surface part 10 consistent, the current density of the low-temperature area corresponding to the single-layer coil 1 needs to be increased, and the temperature of the low-temperature area can be rapidly increased by increasing the current density, and the head layer and the tail layer of the curved surface part 10 can generate small-angle buckling deformation due to the rapid increase of the distance between the deformed area of the curved surface part 10 and the corresponding single; in order to reduce the temperature difference at the back of the curved part 10 as much as possible, the current density is increased, the flow rate of the duckbill nozzle 402 of the third cooling assembly 11 is adjusted and adjusted, namely, the flow rate of cooling gas corresponding to the single-layer coil 1 is reduced, the third cooling assembly 13 is enabled to work, the single-layer coil 1 is cooled through the third cooling assembly 13, the gap between the outer wall of the single-layer coil 1 and the inner wall of the curved part 10 is adjusted by utilizing the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients and the difference of the cooling degrees of the single-layer coils 1, the gap is made to be consistent, the control variable is reduced, and finally the temperature difference of the heating area at the back of the curved.
S4, finishing hot processing of the curved surface part 10 after the uniformity of the temperature field of the 8-layer region in the curved surface part 10 meets the processing requirement, and finishing unloading of the curved surface part 10 after processing; the steps S1 to S3 are repeated to continue the hot working of the next curved-surface part 10.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hot working device for curved surface parts comprises a single-layer coil, a cooling component, an infrared camera, an electrode, a workbench, a clamping block, a rotating shaft, a compression nut, a gasket, a bearing transparent cover and a bearing,
the single-layer coil comprises a solid annular coil, bakelite and a coil mounting block, wherein the bakelite is in an I-shaped structure, the first end of the bakelite is connected with the inner diameter of the solid annular coil, the second end of the bakelite is connected with the coil mounting block, and the axis of the solid annular coil and the axis of the coil mounting block are on the same straight line; the cooling assembly comprises a first cooling assembly, a second cooling assembly and a third cooling assembly, and comprises a nozzle support, a duckbill nozzle and a nozzle mounting nut, wherein the nozzle support is of an L-shaped structure, the first end of the nozzle support is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the workbench, and the duckbill nozzle is fixedly connected with the second end of the nozzle support through the nozzle mounting nut; the electrode comprises an electrode support, a graphite electrode, a screw cap, a spring and a base, the electrode support is of an L-shaped structure, the first end of the electrode support is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the workbench, and the graphite electrode is fixedly connected with the second end of the electrode support sequentially through the screw cap and the spring positioned in the base;
the bearing through cover and the bearing are symmetrically arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the through hole, the bearing is located inside the bearing through cover, the appearance of the rotating shaft is of a stepped shaft structure and is composed of a small-diameter section and a large-diameter section, a shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft is in contact with a bearing inner ring located on the upper end face of the working table, the small-diameter section penetrates through the inner ring of the bearing and extends out of the device, a key groove is formed in the large-diameter section, the single-layer coil is connected with the large-diameter section of the rotating shaft through a key, the compression nut, the single-layer coil and the gasket are sequentially arranged on the large-diameter section of the rotating shaft from top to bottom, and two ends of the curved surface part are respectively arranged on the upper end face of the working table;
first cooling module second cooling module with the circumference equipartition of third cooling module along the individual layer coil is being kept away from one side of curved surface part, main electrode with vice electrode is located respectively the both sides of curved surface part, main electrode with the top of vice electrode respectively with the surface in close contact with of individual layer coil, main electrode with the bottom of vice electrode respectively with the up end fixed connection of workstation, first infrared camera machine installs the top between first cooling module of this device and the second cooling module, the top between second infrared camera machine installs this device second cooling module and third cooling module, third infrared camera machine installs the dead ahead of curved surface part.
2. The hot-working device for the curved surface part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the coil mounting block is 2-6 mm thicker than that of the solid annular coil, and the upper and lower end faces of the solid annular coil are coated with insulating layers.
3. The hot-working apparatus for curved surface parts according to claim 1, wherein the width of the duckbill nozzle corresponds to the thickness of the solid toroid, and the width of the duckbill nozzle outlet is less than the thickness of the solid toroid.
4. The hot working apparatus for curved surface parts according to claim 1, wherein the end of the graphite electrode adjacent to the curved surface part is arc-shaped, and the curvature of the arc is the same as the outer diameter of the curved surface part.
5. A hot working apparatus for curved parts according to claim 1, wherein the table is provided with an arcuate notch at a position where the curved part is mounted.
6. A hot working method of a hot working apparatus for curved surface parts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting the curved surface part on a mechanical arm provided with a clamping block, moving the mechanical arm to an arc-shaped notch of the workbench, and fixing the curved surface part;
s2, initializing the hot processing device for the curved surface part, and setting technical parameters as follows:
s21, adjusting the angles of the first infrared camera, the second infrared camera and the third infrared camera, connecting with a controlled computer, and setting the initial sampling frequency f of the infrared cameras;
s22, switching on a power device of a rotating shaft connected with the N layers of single-layer coils, and setting the initial rotating speed omega of the single-layer coils;
s23, connecting the first cooling assembly, the second cooling assembly and the third cooling assembly with an air compressor through electromagnetic valves respectively, and setting the initial flow of the cooling assemblies;
s24, switching on a power supply of the N layers of single-layer coils, and setting the alternating current density and frequency initial parameters of the single-layer coils;
s3, carrying out hot working on the curved surface part:
s31, starting the first cooling assembly, and reducing the temperature of the single-layer coil passing through the first cooling assembly to be within T1 +/-delta T ℃; extracting infrared thermal images of the inner walls of the single-layer coils of all layers shot by the first infrared camera, if the single-layer coils with the inner wall temperature still higher than T1+ delta T ℃ exist, increasing the flow of the single-layer coils corresponding to the duckbill-shaped nozzle of the first cooling assembly, and otherwise, performing the step S32;
s32, starting a second cooling assembly, cooling the single-layer coil of the second cooling assembly, simultaneously extracting an infrared thermal image of the inner wall of each single-layer coil shot by a second infrared camera, if the inner wall temperature difference exceeds 2 delta T ℃, adjusting the flow of the single-layer coil corresponding to the duckbill-shaped nozzle of the second cooling assembly, and otherwise, continuing to step S33;
s33, dividing the image of the back of the curved surface part into N-layer areas according to the thickness of the single-layer coil, extracting infrared thermal images of the inner walls of the single-layer coils of each layer, which are shot by a third infrared camera, if the temperature difference of the inner walls exceeds T ℃, adjusting the current density of a corresponding electrode of a low-temperature layer in the curved surface part, adjusting the flow of a duckbill-shaped nozzle of a third cooling assembly, keeping the temperature of the N-layer area of the back of the curved surface part consistent, and keeping the gaps between the N-layer area of the curved surface part and the N-layer single-layer;
s4, finishing the hot processing of the curved surface part after the uniformity of the temperature field of the N layer area of the curved surface part meets the processing requirement, and finishing the unloading of the curved surface part after the processing; and repeating the steps S1 to S3, and continuing the hot working of the next curved surface part.
7. The hot working method of the hot working apparatus for a curved surface part according to claim 6, wherein a rotation speed ω of the single-layer coil and sampling frequencies f of the first infrared camera, the second infrared camera, and the third infrared camera are adjustable.
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Effective date of registration: 20231016 Address after: 061000 East of Man West Section, Xinman Road, Mengcun Hui Autonomous County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province Patentee after: Hebei Haihao Group Yizhui Pipe Fittings Co.,Ltd. Address before: 066004 No. 438 west section of Hebei Avenue, seaport District, Hebei, Qinhuangdao Patentee before: Yanshan University |
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