CN112786917A - Hydrogen fuel cell system based on waste heat of low-pressure economizer of power plant - Google Patents
Hydrogen fuel cell system based on waste heat of low-pressure economizer of power plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN112786917A CN112786917A CN202110001174.XA CN202110001174A CN112786917A CN 112786917 A CN112786917 A CN 112786917A CN 202110001174 A CN202110001174 A CN 202110001174A CN 112786917 A CN112786917 A CN 112786917A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0012—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste water or from condensates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system based on a low-pressure economizer of a power plant and an alloy hydrogen storage technology, which comprises an alloy hydrogen storage tank group, a pressure reducing valve, a filter, a buffer tank, an electromagnetic valve, a hydrogen fuel cell, a hydrogen circulating pump, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier, a throttle valve, a steam-water separator, a water storage tank, a circulating water pump, a temperature-saving valve, a deionization device, a heat exchanger, a direct current converter, a condenser, a water feed pump, a shaft seal heater, low-pressure heaters of all levels, an electric regulating valve, a preheater, a low-pressure economizer, a flue at the tail part of a boiler and other main equipment, wherein low-temperature boiler feed water at the outlet of the condenser is used for absorbing heat generated by air compressed by the air compressor of the hydrogen fuel cell system and waste heat generated by power generation of a hydrogen fuel cell body, and high-temperature boiler, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy is high, the transformation quantity is small, and the method is an ideal mode for combining a hydrogen fuel battery system and the traditional thermal power energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a hydrogen fuel cell system, and particularly relates to a hydrogen fuel cell system based on a low-pressure economizer and an alloy hydrogen storage technology of a thermal power plant, so as to improve the energy efficiency of the fuel cell system.
Background
With the gradual exhaustion of fossil energy, the renewable energy utilization rate and strategic energy diversification advantages of hydrogen fuel become increasingly prominent. Moreover, the hydrogen fuel cell system is a zero-emission power generation system (the product of the hydrogen fuel cell system is only pure water), environmental protection is increasingly emphasized in various countries in the world, and the emission of pollution is limited, so that hydrogen energy is one of the mainstream of the future power generation industry.
Some equipment in the existing hydrogen fuel cell system needs to be cooled, such as an air compressor intercooler, a hydrogen fuel cell body and the like; some equipment needs heating, such as various hydrogen supply devices (such as alloy hydrogen storage technology, which needs a large amount of heat energy at 60-90 ℃), a starting heat supply device and the like. And the temperature gradients of cooling and heating are difficult to coordinate, so that the energy efficiency of the whole hydrogen fuel cell system has great potential.
A large amount of flue gas waste heat exists in a traditional thermal power plant, the flue gas waste heat is generally utilized in a low-pressure economizer mode, the lowest medium temperature of the low-pressure economizer is lower than 50 ℃, the highest medium temperature after the flue gas waste heat is absorbed exceeds 150 ℃, and effective complementation can be formed between the low-pressure economizer and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen fuel cell system based on waste heat of a low-pressure economizer of a thermal power plant aiming at the defects of the prior art, the comprehensive utilization of energy of the fuel cell system is improved based on the low-pressure economizer of the thermal power plant and an alloy hydrogen storage technology, and the hydrogen fuel cell system is perfectly combined with the traditional thermal power energy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a hydrogen fuel cell system based on waste heat of a low-pressure economizer of a thermal power plant comprises a hydrogen fuel cell system and the low-pressure economizer system; the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a circulating water subsystem and a power generation system; the hydrogen subsystem comprises an alloy hydrogen storage tank group, a pressure reducing valve, a filter, a buffer tank, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen fuel cell and an electromagnetic valve which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipe, wherein a hydrogen inlet pipeline and a hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen fuel cell are connected with a hydrogen circulating pump in parallel; the air subsystem comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier pipe side, a hydrogen fuel cell, a humidifier shell side, a throttle valve and a steam-water separator which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipe; the circulating water subsystem comprises a water storage tank, a circulating water pump, a temperature-saving valve and a hydrogen fuel cell which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipe, wherein circulating water pipelines of an inlet and an outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell are connected with a deionization device in parallel, and an overtemperature interface pipeline of the temperature-saving valve is connected with a heat exchanger; the power generation subsystem comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a direct current converter which are sequentially connected through a cable; the low-pressure economizer system comprises a boiler water supply subsystem and a low-pressure economizer subsystem; the boiler water supply subsystem comprises a condenser, a water supply pump, a shaft seal heater and a plurality of low-pressure heaters which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes; the low-pressure economizer subsystem comprises an electric regulating valve, a preheater cold side, a low-pressure economizer, an electric regulating valve, a preheater hot side and an electric regulating valve which are sequentially connected with a branch connecting pipe on a boiler water supply main path from an outlet of the shaft seal heater until the electric regulating valve returns to the boiler water supply main path.
The hydrogen fuel cell system based on the waste heat of the low-pressure economizer of the thermal power plant is characterized in that the low-pressure heater of the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a first low-pressure heater, a second low-pressure heater and a third low-pressure heater which are sequentially connected through a connecting pipe.
A boiler water supply branch connecting pipe of a preheater cold side inlet is connected with a first low-pressure heater outlet through an electric regulating valve.
The hydrogen fuel cell system based on the waste heat of the low-pressure economizer of the thermal power plant is characterized in that a cooler is connected with a shaft seal heater through an electric regulating valve connecting pipe and is cooled by part of condensed water at the outlet of the shaft seal heater.
According to the hydrogen fuel cell system based on the waste heat of the low-pressure economizer of the thermal power plant, the heat exchanger is connected with the shaft seal heater through the electric regulating valve connecting pipe, and part of condensed water at the outlet of the shaft seal heater is used for cooling the water.
The hydrogen fuel cell system based on the waste heat of the low-pressure economizer of the thermal power plant is characterized in that an alloy hydrogen storage tank group is connected with the low-pressure economizer through an electric regulating valve and an electric regulating valve connecting pipe, and part of high-temperature boilers at the outlet of the low-pressure economizer supply water for heating.
A hydrogen fuel cell system based on waste heat of a low-pressure economizer of a thermal power plant, a preheater preheats low-temperature condensate water before entering the low-pressure economizer by utilizing high-temperature condensate water heated by the low-pressure economizer, a bypass of the preheater is arranged, an electric regulating valve on the bypass is utilized to regulate the flow of the high-temperature condensate water used for preheating, and then the temperature of the condensate water used for heating an alloy hydrogen storage tank group is regulated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy is high: the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell system can reach 60%, and the residual waste heat of about 40% is generally dissipated to the environment through the heat exchanger, so that the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and the waste heat generated by the auxiliary device can be absorbed by the low-temperature condensed water of the thermal power plant, and the energy utilization rate of the whole system is improved; in addition, the alloy hydrogen storage tank needs to consume a large amount of heat energy to release hydrogen, the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is generally utilized, but the matching performance of the temperature ranges of the alloy hydrogen storage tank and the alloy hydrogen storage tank needs to be further improved (the hydrogen release temperature range of the general ferrotitanium alloy hydrogen storage tank is 60-90 ℃, the higher temperature is better, the cooling water temperature range of the general proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell is 50-70 ℃), the ferrotitanium alloy hydrogen storage tank and the proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell cannot reach the optimal working state at the same time, the boiler tail gas waste heat is utilized by the low-pressure economizer to provide the heat energy which is most suitable for the hydrogen release of the alloy hydrogen storage tank, and the energy utilization rate.
2, the modification amount is small: firstly, the low-pressure economizer is a mature tube bundle heat exchanger, is equivalent to a heat exchanger which is connected in parallel with a primary flue gas waste heat absorption device for a flue at the tail part of a boiler, is equivalent to a heat exchanger which is connected in parallel with a primary condensate water heating device for a condensate water pipeline of a steam turbine, and has small modification amount; the low-pressure economizer is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell system through a condensed water branch, and the low-pressure economizer is of a parallel structure, so that the modification amount is small.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
The figures are numbered: 1-alloy hydrogen storage tank group, 2/6-pressure reducing valve, 3-filter, 4-buffer tank, 5/9-electromagnetic valve, 7-hydrogen fuel cell, 8-hydrogen circulating pump, 10-air filter, 11-air compressor, 12-intercooler, 13-humidifier, 14-throttle valve, 15-steam-water separator, 16-water storage tank, 17-circulating water pump, 18-temperature-saving valve, 19-deionization device, 20-heat exchanger, 21-DC converter, 22-condenser, 23-water supply pump, 24-shaft seal heater, 25-first low pressure heater, 26/31/32/33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/42-electric regulating valve, 27-second low pressure heater, 28-third low pressure heater, 29-preheater, 30-low pressure economizer, 43-boiler tail flue.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Take a 600MW coal-fired power generator unit as an example. Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell system based on waste heat of a low-pressure economizer of a thermal power plant, which comprises the hydrogen fuel cell system and the low-pressure economizer system.
The hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a circulating water subsystem and a power generation system.
The hydrogen subsystem comprises an alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a filter 3, a buffer tank 4, an electromagnetic valve 5, a pressure reducing valve 6, a hydrogen fuel cell 7 and an electromagnetic valve 9 which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes, and a hydrogen inlet and outlet pipeline of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 is connected with a hydrogen circulating pump 8 in parallel.
The air subsystem comprises an air filter 10, an air compressor 11, an intercooler 12, a humidifier 13, a hydrogen fuel cell 7, a humidifier 13, a throttle valve 14 and a steam-water separator 15 which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes.
The circulating water subsystem comprises a water storage tank 16, a circulating water pump 17, a temperature-saving valve 18 and a hydrogen fuel cell 7 which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes, wherein circulating water pipelines of an inlet and an outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 are connected with a deionization device 19 in parallel, and an overtemperature interface pipeline of the temperature-saving valve 18 is connected with a heat exchanger 20; the power generation subsystem comprises a hydrogen fuel cell 7 and a direct current converter 21 which are sequentially connected through a cable.
The low-pressure economizer system comprises a boiler water supply subsystem and a low-pressure economizer subsystem; the boiler water supply subsystem comprises a condenser 22, a water supply pump 23, a shaft seal heater 24 and a low-pressure heater which are connected in sequence through connecting pipes; wherein the low-pressure heater comprises a first low-pressure heater 25 (# 7 low-pressure heater), a second low-pressure heater 27 (# 6 low-pressure heater) and a third low-pressure heater 28 (# 5 low-pressure heater) which are connected in sequence by connecting pipes, an electric regulating valve 26 is connected between the first low-pressure heater 25 and the second low-pressure heater 27,
the low-pressure economizer subsystem comprises an electric regulating valve 31, an electric regulating valve 33, a cold side of a preheater 29, a low-pressure economizer 30, an electric regulating valve 38, a hot side of the preheater 29, an electric regulating valve 39, an electric regulating valve 36 and an electric regulating valve 41 which are sequentially connected with a branch connecting pipe on a boiler main water supply path at the outlet of the shaft seal heater 24 until the low-pressure economizer returns to the boiler main water supply path, and the low-pressure economizer 30 is connected with the boiler through a boiler tail flue 43.
Wherein the inlet of the cold side of the preheater 29 is connected with an electric control valve 32 which is connected with the boiler water supply branch connecting pipe from the outlet of the first low-pressure heater 25 in sequence, an electric control valve 40 which is connected with the preheater 29 in parallel is arranged between the inlet of the electric control valve 38 and the outlet of the electric control valve 39, and the outlet of the low-pressure economizer 30 is returned to the boiler water supply main pipeline and also comprises an electric control valve 42 which is connected with the electric control valve 41 in parallel.
Wherein, the following are particularly noted: the first low-pressure heater 25 in the unit of this embodiment is actually a second low-pressure heater 27 and a third low-pressure heater 28, which are integrally designed.
The invention utilizes the low-temperature boiler feed water at the outlet of a steam condenser 22 of a steam turbine of a thermal power plant to absorb the heat generated by the compressed air of an air compressor 11 of a hydrogen fuel cell system and the waste heat generated by the power generation of a hydrogen fuel cell body, and simultaneously utilizes the high-temperature boiler feed water heated by a low-temperature economizer to provide reaction heat for an alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
The alloy hydrogen storage tank set 1 needs to be heated to 60-90 ℃, and the temperature range of condensed water used for heating the alloy hydrogen storage tank set is about 80-150 ℃ after the condensed water is heated by the low-pressure economizer 30, so that the requirement is met. The intercooler 12 and the heat exchanger 20 need cooling media, the temperature requirement is not more than 40 ℃, and the temperature of the condensate at the inlet of the first low-pressure heater 25 is 32 ℃ (the temperature of the condensate of each low-pressure heater is THA100% in the working condition below), so that the requirements are met.
The intercooler 12 is connected with the shaft seal heater 24 through the electric regulating valve 35 and the electric regulating valve 31 in sequence, and is cooled by part of condensed water at the outlet of the shaft seal heater 24. The heat exchanger 20 is connected with the shaft seal heater 24 through the electric regulating valve 34 and the electric regulating valve 31 in sequence, and is cooled by partial condensed water at the outlet of the shaft seal heater 24. The alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1 is connected with the low-pressure economizer 30 through a connecting pipe of an electric regulating valve 37 and an electric regulating valve 40, and is heated by water supplied by a part of high-temperature boilers at the outlet of the low-pressure economizer 30. The preheater 29 preheats low-temperature condensate water before entering the low-pressure economizer 30 by using high-temperature condensate water heated by the low-pressure economizer 30, a bypass of the preheater 29 is arranged, and the electric regulating valve 40 on the bypass is used for regulating the flow of the high-temperature condensate water for preheating so as to regulate the temperature of the condensate water for heating the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1.
The total flow rate of the condensed water is about 1280t/h, and even if the water division coefficient (the proportion of the condensed water used for the branch of the low-pressure economizer to the total condensed water) is 0.1, the condensed water which can be used for the low-pressure economizer 30 can be up to 128t/h, and the cooling of a MW grade hydrogen fuel cell system can be met.
The invention controls the flow and temperature of condensed water used for a low-pressure economizer at the inlet and the outlet of a first low-pressure heater 25 through an electric regulating valve 31 and an electric regulating valve 32, wherein the temperature of the condensed water at the inlet and the outlet of a third low-pressure heater 28 is about 32 ℃ and 81 ℃ respectively; the temperature of the condensed water heated by the low-pressure economizer 30 can reach 150 ℃ at most, then the inlet condensed water is heated by the preheater 29 to be cooled, and the temperature of the condensed water is further regulated by the electric regulating valve 38 and the electric regulating valve 40 until the temperature required by the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1 is about 90 ℃. And finally, the condensate water return water is selected to be connected to an inlet or an outlet of the second low-pressure heater 27 according to the temperature, wherein the temperatures of the condensate water at the inlet and the outlet of the second low-pressure heater 27 are 81 ℃ and 99 ℃ respectively.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some embodiments may be applied, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a hydrogen fuel cell system based on power plant's low pressure economizer waste heat which characterized in that: comprises a hydrogen fuel cell system and a low-pressure economizer system;
the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen subsystem, an air subsystem, a circulating water subsystem and a power generation system; the hydrogen subsystem comprises an alloy hydrogen storage tank group (1), a filter (3), a buffer tank (4) and a hydrogen fuel cell (7) which are sequentially connected, wherein hydrogen inlet and outlet pipelines of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) are connected with a hydrogen circulating pump (8) in parallel; the air subsystem comprises an air filter (10), an air compressor (11), an intercooler (12), a humidifier (13) pipe side, a hydrogen fuel cell (7), a humidifier (13) shell side, a throttle valve (14) and a steam-water separator (15) which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes; the circulating water subsystem comprises a water storage tank (16), a circulating water pump (17), a temperature-saving valve (18) and a hydrogen fuel cell (7) which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes, wherein circulating water pipelines of an inlet and an outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) are connected with a deionization device (19) in parallel, and an overtemperature interface pipeline of the temperature-saving valve (18) is connected with a heat exchanger (20); the power generation subsystem comprises a hydrogen fuel cell (7) and a direct current converter (21) which are sequentially connected through a cable;
the low-pressure economizer system comprises a boiler water supply subsystem and a low-pressure economizer subsystem; the boiler water supply subsystem comprises a condenser (22), a water supply pump (23), a shaft seal heater (24) and a plurality of low-pressure heaters which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes; the low-pressure economizer subsystem comprises a cold side of a preheater (29), a low-pressure economizer (30) and a hot side of the preheater (29), wherein the cold side of the preheater (29) is sequentially connected with a boiler water supply main path at an outlet of the shaft seal heater (24).
2. The hydrogen fuel cell system based on the residual heat of the low-pressure coal economizer in the power plant according to the claim 1, characterized in that the low-pressure heater comprises a first low-pressure heater (25), a second low-pressure heater (27) and a third low-pressure heater (28) which are connected in sequence through a connecting pipe.
3. The system for hydrogen fuel cell based on the residual heat of low-pressure coal economizer in power plant as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the cold side inlet of the preheater (29) is connected with the boiler water supply branch connecting pipe of the outlet of the first low-pressure heater (25) through an electric regulating valve.
4. A hydrogen fuel cell system based on the residual heat of a low-pressure coal economizer in a power plant as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the intercooler (12) is connected with the shaft seal heater (24) through an electric regulating valve and is cooled by part of the condensed water at the outlet of the shaft seal heater (24).
5. The hydrogen fuel cell system based on the residual heat of the low-pressure coal economizer in the power plant as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger (20) is connected with the shaft seal heater (24) through an electric regulating valve, and is cooled by part of condensed water at the outlet of the shaft seal heater (24).
6. The hydrogen fuel cell system based on the waste heat of the low-pressure coal economizer in the power plant as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (1) is connected with the low-pressure coal economizer (30) through an electric regulating valve, and is heated by part of high-temperature boiler water at the outlet of the low-pressure coal economizer (30).
7. The hydrogen fuel cell system based on the waste heat of the low-pressure economizer in the power plant as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the preheater (29) preheats the low-temperature condensate before entering the low-pressure economizer (30) by using the high-temperature condensate heated by the low-pressure economizer (30), and adjusts the flow rate of the high-temperature condensate used for preheating by using an electric adjusting valve on a bypass, thereby adjusting the temperature of the condensate used for heating the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (1).
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