CN112782785B - Multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for high-altitude environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for a high-altitude environment, which comprises: the device comprises a sensor module, a data processing module and a power supply module. A sensor module, comprising: wind direction and wind speed sensors, atmospheric temperature sensors, atmospheric humidity sensors, atmospheric pressure sensors and solar radiation and irradiance rate sensors; the data processing module is electrically connected with the sensor module to acquire the data acquired by the sensor module; the power supply module is electrically connected with the sensor module and the data acquisition module and supplies power to the sensor module and the data acquisition module, and comprises an ultralow-temperature lithium battery power unit and a rechargeable low-temperature lithium battery unit, wherein the rechargeable low-temperature lithium battery unit is electrically connected with a solar cell panel. The system has simple structure, high precision and convenient operation, and is suitable for meteorological observation in high altitude severe climate environment areas such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological observation, in particular to a multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for a high-altitude environment.
Background
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the most unique geological-geographical-ecological unit on the earth, and is a natural laboratory for developing the research on the evolution of the earth and life, the interaction of the stratosphere and the relation between the earth and the ground. In the past 50 years, human beings experience unprecedented global warming, the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the region with the strongest global warming, the warming amplitude of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is 2 times of the average global value, and the temperature rise amplitude of the region reaches 0.3-0.4 ℃ every ten years under the background of global temperature rise of 0.17 ℃ every ten years; under the background of global warming, the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau changes more acutely and complexly, and the change of the interaction between the Xifeng and the Jifeng causes great changes of the ecological environment and the water circulation pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, thereby causing great influence on social and economic development and human living environment.
At present, the observation and research means of the modern climate environment of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is mainly ground monitoring. A large number of long-term positioning field observation research stations are built in Qinghai-Tibet plateau and adjacent areas of China, an observation research network for completely covering the surface process of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area is gradually formed, and wide observation research is carried out on regional atmosphere, glaciers, frozen soil, snow, rivers, lakes, ecological systems, geological disasters and the like. However, with the deepening of the third-pole climate environmental change research, continuous dynamics, intelligent automation and large space scale are increasingly emphasized in field monitoring, so that a more universal change process and mechanism are obtained. However, due to the harsh environment in the extremely high altitude area, personnel cannot reach or are difficult to insist on for a long time, the monitoring point of the climate environment in the alpine region is far from meeting the analysis requirement of space-time change, and many changes of the climate environment in the alpine region, such as: albedo and temperature field energy distribution of different positions of surface regions such as glaciers or alpine meadows and the like, atmospheric humidity and the like of different elevation positions in the same region cannot be accurately analyzed, so that future climate environment change trend and sustainable prediction analysis of ecological environment are restricted.
Since the 50 s of the last century, the automated meteorological condition observation technology gradually replaced manual observation as a novel auxiliary monitoring means, thereby enabling all-weather ground fixed monitoring. Since the last 70 th century, the technology is widely applied to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and corresponding meteorological element sensors are installed on towers by the equipment to carry out automatic monitoring, so that technical support is provided for real-time climate environment monitoring of regions where personnel are difficult to reach, and great contribution is made to research of climate environment characteristics and changes of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Meanwhile, it is undeniable that the full-automatic meteorological condition observation equipment commonly used in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas is mostly produced abroad and is expensive. The price of each set of automatic multi-parameter meteorological condition monitoring equipment exceeds 15 ten thousand RMB. Moreover, all the electricity utilization modules in the equipment depend on the only solar panel power supply module, and after the module fails, the whole equipment is in a non-working state immediately. Secondly, the data processing module of the device has low integration level, large volume and heavier weight, and is inconvenient to install and arrange in an extremely high altitude area. The sensor carried by the equipment has poor working capacity in an extremely high altitude area, and mainly reflects that the measurement precision needs to be improved, the working time of components in a low-voltage environment is short, the components are damaged, the time resolution of data acquisition influenced by a storage space also needs to be improved, and the like. The above-mentioned comprehensive factors have also limited the number of the distribution points and data quality of the equipment in the plateau extremely high altitude area.
In view of this, in order to assist in developing the observation research of the climate environmental conditions in the high altitude area of the qinghai-tibet plateau with economy, portability and higher precision, to assist in developing the observation acquisition of more point locations, higher altitude and more precise data in the existing field scientific research work under the background of global climate change, to disclose the environmental change process and mechanism of the high altitude area, to improve the precision of the global climate environmental change trend prediction, it is necessary to develop a new integrated automatic observation system suitable for the multi-element environmental conditions in the high altitude area. The method can improve the distribution density of field observation points in an extremely high altitude area, can refine the precision of related researches from a vertical altitude structure level, and has very important scientific significance and social value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for a high-altitude environment, which has stable performance, easy carrying and long service life of a battery and is suitable for meteorological observation in high-altitude severe climate environment areas such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for a high-altitude environment comprises a sensor module, a data acquisition processing module and a power supply module; the sensor module comprises a first sensor group and a second sensor group; the data acquisition processing module is electrically connected with the sensor module to acquire data acquired by the sensor module; the power supply module comprises a first power supply, a second power supply and a DCDC unit; the output voltage of the first power supply is a first voltage, the positive electrode of the first power supply is electrically connected with the input end of the DCDC unit so as to convert the first voltage into a second voltage, and the output end of the DCDC unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition processing module and the first sensor group; the positive electrode of the first power supply is also electrically connected with the second sensor group; the negative electrode of the first power supply is grounded; the output voltage of the second power supply is a third voltage and comprises a connecting point, a capacitor battery, at least one ultralow temperature lithium battery and a diode; the connection point is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing module and the first sensor group; the positive electrode of the battery capacitor is electrically connected with the connection point, and the negative electrode of the battery capacitor is grounded; the anode of the ultra-low temperature lithium battery is electrically connected with the anode of the diode, the cathode of the diode is electrically connected with the connection point, and the cathode of the ultra-low temperature lithium battery is grounded; wherein the second voltage is slightly higher than the third voltage.
In one embodiment, the first sensor set comprises an atmospheric temperature sensor, an atmospheric humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and a solar radiation and irradiance sensor; the second sensor group comprises a wind direction and a wind speed sensor.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a cylindrical micro-louver; the atmospheric temperature sensor, the atmospheric humidity sensor and the atmospheric pressure sensor are arranged in the miniature louver box and are installed on a base, and lead wires of the atmospheric temperature sensor, the atmospheric humidity sensor and the atmospheric pressure sensor are led out from the lower end of the base.
In one embodiment, a heat-conducting blind pipe is sleeved outside the atmospheric temperature sensor.
In one embodiment, the data acquisition processing module and the power supply module are installed in a sealed shell.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a base, a stand, and a cross arm; the support is vertically arranged on the base, and the sealing shell and the miniature louver box are respectively fixed on two sides of the support; the cross arm is fixed at the top end of the support and is a square tube, one end of the cross arm is provided with the wind direction and wind speed sensor, and the other end of the cross arm is provided with the solar radiation and irradiance rate sensor.
In one embodiment, the solar radiation and emissivity sensor is connected to a square connecting block by a connecting rod, and the square connecting block is inserted into the square pipe so that the solar radiation and emissivity sensor extends horizontally away from the square pipe.
In one embodiment, the data acquisition and processing module comprises a data acquisition submodule, a data storage submodule and a power management submodule; the data acquisition submodule is used for acquiring data measured by the sensor module and storing the data in the data storage submodule, and the power supply management submodule is used for enabling the data acquisition processing module and the power supply module to be electrically connected intermittently according to a preset time interval.
In one embodiment, the first power source is a rechargeable low temperature lithium battery and the atmospheric temperature sensor is a platinum resistance temperature sensor.
The invention has the advantages that:
the multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for the high-altitude environment provided by the invention has the advantages of stable performance, easiness in carrying and long service life of the battery, and is suitable for meteorological observation in high-altitude severe climatic environment areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a main structural block diagram of a multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high-altitude environments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for high-altitude environments of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the miniature blind and its internal structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an atmospheric temperature sensor, an atmospheric humidity sensor and an atmospheric pressure sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the micro-blind of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the structure of the power supply module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 illustrates the main structure of a multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environments. As shown in fig. 1, the multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for high altitude environment provided by the present invention mainly comprises: the device comprises a sensor module 10, a data acquisition and processing module 20 and a power supply module 30.
The sensor module 10 is made up of a plurality of different types of sensor combinations. The sensor module 10 includes a first sensor group 11 and a second sensor group 12. The sensors in the sensor module 10 are divided into two groups, in order to take into account the difference of the supply voltages of the sensors, the sensor module 10 can be divided into a first sensor group 11 and a second sensor group 12 according to the supply voltages. Specifically, the first sensor group 11 includes an atmospheric temperature sensor 13, an atmospheric humidity sensor 14, an atmospheric pressure sensor 15, and a solar radiation and irradiance sensor 16. The second sensor group 12 comprises wind direction and wind speed sensors 17.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for high-altitude environment of the present invention further includes a base 40, a bracket 41, a cross arm 42, a sealing housing 43, and a cylindrical micro-shelter 44. The base 40 can be mounted on a mobile mounting device such as an unmanned aerial vehicle or a measuring vehicle. The bracket 41 is vertically installed on the base 40, and the sealing case 43 and the micro louver 44 are fixed to both sides of the bracket 41, respectively. The cross arm 42 is fixed to the top end of the bracket 41. The crossbar 42 is a tube having one end to which the wind direction and wind speed sensor 17 is attached and the other end to which the solar radiation and emissivity sensor 16 is attached. Solar radiation and rate of illumination sensor 16 are connected a square connecting block 47 through a connecting rod, and this square connecting block 47 is pegged graft in the square pipe for solar radiation and rate of illumination sensor 16 extend to the distant place of square pipe on the horizontal direction, so, can avoid when installing in portable carrying equipment, and the carrier structure adopts the structure of extension xarm 42 formula to solar radiation and the measured accuracy of rate of illumination data also, guarantees the measuring ground.
The data acquisition processing module 20 and the power supply module 30 are installed in the sealed shell 43. The sealing case 43 is a rectangular waterproof sealing case 43 made of a light high-hardness aluminum alloy material. Thus, while waterproof, the air-tight function is achieved, so that the air pressure in the sealed housing 43 is maintained at a normal level.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6, the atmospheric temperature sensor 13, the atmospheric humidity sensor 14 and the atmospheric pressure sensor 15 are disposed in the micro-louver 44 and mounted on a base 49. And lead wires of the atmospheric temperature sensor 13, the atmospheric humidity sensor 14 and the atmospheric pressure sensor 15 are led out from the lower end of the pedestal 49. Wherein, a heat conducting blind pipe 48 is sleeved outside the atmospheric temperature sensor 13. The atmospheric temperature sensor 13, the atmospheric humidity sensor 14 and the atmospheric pressure sensor 15 are all installed in the miniature louver box 44, the overall size of the system is reduced, the miniature louver box is more compact than a conventional installation method, airflow can be stabilized, rain and snow resistance is achieved, and collision to the sensors in the using process can be avoided. Preferably, the micro-louver box 44 is made of a radiation-proof material, so that the measurement results of the three types of sensors are not affected by solar radiation, and the measured data are more accurate.
In this embodiment, the atmospheric temperature sensor 13 is a platinum resistance temperature sensor, the measurement range is-60 to 80 ℃, the precision is 0.15 ℃, and the precision level is 1/3B. It is encapsulated in a thermally conductive blind tube 48 of high thermal conductivity material of 5mm diameter, the thermally conductive blind tube 48 preferably being 304 stainless steel. And a low-temperature-resistant high-viscosity sleeve is adopted outside the heat-conducting blind pipe 48 to fix the signal cable and the pipe wall, so that the low-temperature-resistant and waterproof performances of the atmospheric temperature sensor 13 are ensured. The atmospheric humidity sensor 14 adopts a high-precision monitoring chip with the precision of +/-2% RH and has an automatic temperature calibration function. The chip is soldered on the adapter circuit board at low temperature, and the temperature and humidity are controlled in the soldering process so as to reduce the influence on the performance of the sensor. The atmospheric humidity sensor 14 measures 0-100% no condensation with an accuracy of 2% RH (0 to 90% relative humidity), 3% RH (90 to 100% relative humidity) at 20 ℃. The atmospheric pressure sensor 15 is a PTB210 sensor, the monitoring range is 50-1100 hPa, the working temperature is-40-80 ℃, and the precision is 0.5hPa at 20 ℃. The solar radiation and irradiance rate sensor 16 is a high-stability silicon photovoltaic detector, the working temperature is-40 to +80 ℃, and the wavelength range is 300-28 and 42000 nm. The wind direction and wind speed sensor is a 034B sensor, pulse type signals are adopted for output, the wind speed range is 0-75 m/s, the starting wind speed is 0.4 m/s, the wind speed precision is 0.11 m/s, and the wind direction precision is 4 degrees.
The data acquisition and processing module 20 is electrically connected to the sensor module 10 to acquire data acquired by the sensor module 10. Specifically, the data acquisition processing module 20 includes a data acquisition submodule 21, a data storage submodule 22, and a power management submodule 23. The data storage submodule 22 is electrically connected with the data acquisition submodule 21, and the data acquisition submodule 21 is used for acquiring data measured by the sensor module 10 and storing the data in the data storage submodule 22. The data storage submodule 22 can store various cache data acquired by the data acquisition submodule 21 into the local FLASH for the first time. For the problem of low data downloading frequency of personnel and equipment caused by severe environmental conditions in the high altitude area, a storage device with large data storage capacity and high storage performance can be selected as the data storage submodule 22 for assembly. The power management submodule 23 is configured to intermittently electrically connect the data acquisition and processing module 20 and the power supply module 30 according to a preset time interval. Therefore, the data acquisition and processing module 20 can acquire data at certain time intervals, and the power supply module 30 supplies power to the data acquisition and processing module during data acquisition, so that the average energy consumption of the system is effectively reduced, and the working time of the system is prolonged. The recording interval of the data acquisition processing module 20 can be configured simply by the user, the slowly changing parameters can be obtained by taking the average value, and the instantly changing parameters can be obtained by taking the instantaneous value. The recording result is directly stored on FLASH, which is in a nonvolatile storage mode, and the recorded data can not be lost even if the system power is zero.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition processing module 20 is an integrated circuit board, and is connected to the sensor module 10 and the power supply module 30. The data acquisition processing module 20 adopts a high-integration-level MCU and a special high-precision ADC chip. The sampling bit number of the ADC is 24 bits, and the precision can reach 0.1 muV. And the method of alternately generating reference voltage by positive and negative currents and the method of filtering by multiple acquisition software are adopted for measurement, so that the accuracy and the stability of a sampling result are ensured. All chips adopted by the data processing module have a low-power-consumption working mode, and the working current of the whole machine is in the mu A level during low power consumption, so that the cruising ability of the equipment in the field is ensured. The data acquisition processing module 20 adopts a standard USB port as the data read-back interface 24, which is convenient for the user to read back the data with the portable PC on site. The data processing module is used as OTG equipment and is displayed as a U disk after being connected with a computer, and a user can directly copy data. The recording interval of the instrument can be set by modifying the parameter values in the config file, and the timing of the real-time clock of the system is completed.
The software part of the data acquisition submodule 21 may be designed with a low frequency filter, and for data at the same time point, the immediate environmental condition parameters or the average environmental condition parameters may be obtained through multiple rapid acquisitions and software filtering for recording. The method can be used for collecting the atmospheric temperature data by adopting a high-precision 16-bit precision chip to collect the platinum resistance temperature, and the chip is internally provided with a pair of matching current sources to carry out three-wire system collection so as to eliminate the influence of the resistance of a sensor cable on the collected data. For the acquisition of solar radiation and irradiance rate data, a 24-bit precision chip is adopted to acquire parameters of the solar radiation and irradiance rate sensor 16, and an acquisition interface adopts a check mode so as to effectively reduce the influence of signal common-mode voltage on the acquired data.
Referring to fig. 7, the power supply module 30 includes a first power supply 31, a second power supply 32, and a DCDC unit 33. The output voltage of the first power supply 31 is a first voltage, and the positive electrode of the first power supply 31 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the DCDC unit 33 to convert the first voltage into a second voltage. The output end of the DCDC unit 33 is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing module 20 and the first sensor group 11. The positive pole of the first power supply 31 is also electrically connected to the second sensor group 12. The negative pole of the first power supply 31 is grounded. The output voltage of the second power source 32 is a third voltage, which includes a connection point 321, a capacitor cell 322, at least one ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323, and a diode 324. The connection point 321 electrically connects the data acquisition and processing module 20 and the first sensor set 11. The positive electrode of the capacitor 322 is electrically connected to the connection point 321, and the negative electrode thereof is grounded. The anode of the ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323 is electrically connected to the anode of the diode 324, the cathode of the diode 324 is electrically connected to the connection point 321, and the cathode of the ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323 is grounded. Wherein the second voltage is slightly higher than the third voltage. In this embodiment, the first power source 31 is a rechargeable low-temperature resistant lithium battery, which has a charging interface 311 and can be externally connected with a solar panel, a wind power generation device, a commercial power, and the like. The capacitor cell 322, an ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323, and the diode 324 of the second power supply 32 constitute an ultra-low temperature lithium battery power unit.
In use, the first power source 31 and the second power source 32 simultaneously provide system power, the first power source 31 serving as a main power source outputs a first voltage, for example, 12V, and can provide power for the second sensor group 12 requiring 12V power supply, which is converted into a second voltage, for example, 3.3V, by the DCDC unit 33, and can provide power for the data acquisition and processing module 20 and the first sensor group 11. The second power supply 32 is an auxiliary power supply provided with a capacitor battery 322, an ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323, and a diode 324. The capacitor battery 322 is connected in parallel with the ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323 and supplies power to the system. The ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323 can continuously supply power for a long time, but it is difficult to supply a large current. The capacitor 322 not only can provide power as a battery, but also has a capacitive characteristic, stores a large amount of charge, and can provide a large current. The system usually needs a large current when being started, and in case that the first power supply 31 fails due to extreme weather, the second power supply 32 also starts the system by using the capacitor battery 322, so that the system works normally.
In addition, the output voltage of the second power source 32 is a third voltage, and the second voltage is slightly higher than the third voltage, it can be understood that, for example, the standard voltage required for supplying power to the conventional circuit board and sensor is 3.3V, and the conventional circuit board and sensor can also work normally when the standard voltage is slightly higher than 3.3V or slightly lower than 3.3V, that is, the conventional circuit board and sensor works at a voltage around 3.3V. For example, the second voltage is 3.3V, and the third voltage may be 3.20V, 3.25V, 3.5V, etc., as long as the second voltage is slightly higher than the third voltage, and the third voltage can separately operate the data collection processing module 20 and the first sensor group 11. The advantage of having the second voltage slightly higher than the third voltage is that: the diode 324 is connected in series with the ultra-low temperature lithium battery 323 of the second power supply 32, and when the first power supply 31 and the second power supply 32 supply power simultaneously, the second voltage is slightly higher than the third voltage, so that the diode 324 plays a clamping role, the second power supply 32 only supplies little power, and the power supply time of the second power supply 32 can be greatly prolonged. When the first power source 31 is dead due to extreme weather or the power is exhausted, the system can continue to work for a long time without power cut.
In conclusion, the invention adopts double power supplies for power supply, and the double power supplies comprise the ultralow temperature lithium battery power unit and the rechargeable low temperature resistant lithium battery. To ensure power supply efficiency and a length of time under high-altitude low-temperature environmental conditions. The rechargeable low-temperature-resistant lithium battery can be connected with an external solar panel to serve as an electric energy source of the rechargeable low-temperature-resistant lithium battery, the stored electric energy simultaneously supplies power to the sensor module 10 and the data acquisition and processing module 20, and the rechargeable low-temperature-resistant lithium battery serves as a main power supply. Ultralow temperature lithium battery power unit self stores certain electric energy, provide auxiliary power supply specially for first sensor group 11 and data acquisition processing module 20, ensure to lose efficacy under the condition because of extreme adverse circumstances at rechargeable low temperature resistant lithium battery main power, this ultralow temperature lithium battery power unit also can be alone for first sensor group 11 and data acquisition processing module 20 power supply, the whole observation time of extension system, and can guarantee to make data acquisition processing module 20 gather the power condition, the timestamp records the trouble condition of timely equipment.
The multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for the high-altitude environment, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple structure, convenience, portability, multiple types of obtained data, high precision, convenience in operation, long service life, cleanness and no pollution, and is suitable for carrying on ground mobile equipment in high-altitude severe climatic environment areas such as Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the like to efficiently carry out automatic monitoring work of multi-element environmental conditions.
The invention adopts a full-sealed waterproof and moistureproof design, and can effectively deal with the abnormal working condition of equipment caused by snow cover seepage and high-low temperature cross condensation under the unattended condition of a high-altitude area. The high-integration miniaturization design is adopted, the circuit part adopts the high-integration design idea, and the whole structure of the equipment adopts the compact design idea. The volume and the weight of the equipment are limited in the range of easy carrying by a single person, and the equipment is convenient for field transportation and arrangement.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied thereto, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any equivalent changes, simple substitutions and other obvious changes based on the technical solution of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-element integrated automatic meteorological observation system for a high-altitude environment is characterized by comprising a sensor module, a data acquisition and processing module and a power supply module;
the sensor module comprises a first sensor group and a second sensor group; the data acquisition processing module is electrically connected with the sensor module to acquire data acquired by the sensor module;
the power supply module comprises a first power supply, a second power supply and a DCDC unit;
the output voltage of the first power supply is a first voltage, the positive electrode of the first power supply is electrically connected with the input end of the DCDC unit so as to convert the first voltage into a second voltage, and the output end of the DCDC unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition processing module and the first sensor group; the positive electrode of the first power supply is also electrically connected with the second sensor group; the negative electrode of the first power supply is grounded;
the output voltage of the second power supply is a third voltage and comprises a connecting point, a capacitor battery, at least one ultralow temperature lithium battery and a diode;
the connection point is electrically connected with the data acquisition and processing module and the first sensor group;
the positive electrode of the capacitor battery is electrically connected with the connection point, and the negative electrode of the capacitor battery is grounded;
the anode of the ultra-low temperature lithium battery is electrically connected with the anode of the diode, the cathode of the diode is electrically connected with the connection point, and the cathode of the ultra-low temperature lithium battery is grounded;
wherein the second voltage is slightly higher than the third voltage.
2. The multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environments of claim 1, wherein the first sensor set includes an atmospheric temperature sensor, an atmospheric humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and a solar radiation and irradiance rate sensor;
the second sensor group comprises a wind direction and a wind speed sensor.
3. The multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environments of claim 2, wherein the system further comprises a micro-louvre having a cylindrical shape; the atmospheric temperature sensor, the atmospheric humidity sensor and the atmospheric pressure sensor are arranged in the miniature louver box and are installed on a base, and lead wires of the atmospheric temperature sensor, the atmospheric humidity sensor and the atmospheric pressure sensor are led out from the lower end of the base.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein a heat-conducting blind pipe is sleeved outside the atmospheric temperature sensor.
5. The multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environment of claim 3, wherein the data acquisition processing module and the power supply module are installed in a sealed enclosure.
6. The multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environments of claim 5, wherein the system further comprises a base, a bracket and a cross arm;
the support is vertically arranged on the base, and the sealing shell and the miniature louver box are respectively fixed on two sides of the support; the cross arm is fixed at the top end of the support and is a square tube, one end of the cross arm is provided with the wind direction and wind speed sensor, and the other end of the cross arm is provided with the solar radiation and irradiance rate sensor.
7. The multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environment of claim 6, wherein the solar radiation and emissivity sensor is connected to a square connection block by a connection rod, the square connection block is plugged into the square tube such that the solar radiation and emissivity sensor extends horizontally away from the square tube.
8. The multi-element integrated automatic weather observation system for high altitude environment of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition processing module includes a data acquisition sub-module, a data storage sub-module and a power management sub-module;
the data acquisition submodule is used for acquiring data measured by the sensor module and storing the data in the data storage submodule, and the power supply management submodule is used for enabling the data acquisition processing module and the power supply module to be electrically connected intermittently according to a preset time interval.
9. The multi-element integrated automatic weather-meteorological observation system for high-altitude environments of claim 2, wherein the first power supply is a rechargeable, low-temperature lithium battery, and the atmospheric temperature sensor is a platinum resistance temperature sensor.
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| CN203275678U (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-06 | 青岛农业大学 | Agrometeorological observation system |
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