CN112779413B - Load transfer type unequal-strength laser impact method - Google Patents
Load transfer type unequal-strength laser impact method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112779413B CN112779413B CN202011548746.8A CN202011548746A CN112779413B CN 112779413 B CN112779413 B CN 112779413B CN 202011548746 A CN202011548746 A CN 202011548746A CN 112779413 B CN112779413 B CN 112779413B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
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Abstract
The invention discloses a load transfer type unequal-strength laser impact method, which belongs to the technical field of laser impact, can effectively avoid the higher requirement of unequal-strength laser impact treatment on a pulse laser, indirectly realize unequal-strength laser impact treatment on a material with variable cross-section characteristics through a technical optimization mode, has the technical advantages of low threshold of processing equipment and low complexity of a processing process, and comprises the following steps: preparing aluminum foils with different surface roughness distributions as absorption layers; obtaining processing conditions under which different areas of a component to be processed can receive different laser impact pressures; coating absorption layers with different surface roughness on different areas of the member to be processed; and laser shock treatment of matching different processing strengths in different thickness areas is realized on the surface of the member to be processed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser impact, and particularly relates to a load transfer type unequal-strength laser impact method.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The laser impact technology is particularly suitable for strengthening the positions of small holes, chamfers, welding lines, grooves and the like. Parts with complex profile structures often have different shape characteristics or failure modes in different areas, so that the different areas are required to be correspondingly different in laser shock processing strength, and the overall comprehensive performance of the material is improved. Taking an aircraft engine blade as an example, the blade body different areas of the aircraft engine blade have different thickness distributions, and are typical variable-section thickness curved surface components. When the laser impact treatment is carried out on members such as an aircraft engine blade and the like, the middle area and the edge area of the blade body are required to receive laser impact pressure with different intensities, otherwise, the uneven distribution of the overall performance of the blade and the macroscopic deformation of the edge part are easily caused.
The inventors have found that, when a part having a complicated shape is subjected to laser shock peening treatment with different intensities in different regions, different machining intensities in different regions are generally achieved by adjusting laser pulse parameters. The adjustment of laser pulse parameters has higher requirements on the performance of laser impact equipment, and the programming setting procedure of different pulse parameters in different areas is complex, thereby seriously influencing the practicability and the operating efficiency of the unequal-strength laser impact strengthening processing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the strong requirement of the complex structure part on the unequal strength laser shock strengthening processing and the feasibility of the prior unequal strength strengthening processing technology, the load transfer type unequal strength laser shock strengthening method based on the variable roughness pressure regulation is provided, the regional unequal strength strengthening treatment of the complex structure metal part is realized, the processing cost is effectively reduced, the strengthening efficiency is improved, and the uniform distribution of the variable cross section of the residual compressive stress in the component is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the technical scheme of the invention provides a load transfer type unequal-strength laser impact method, which comprises the following steps:
preparing aluminum foils with different surface roughness distributions as absorption layers;
obtaining processing conditions under which different areas of a component to be processed can receive different laser impact pressures;
coating absorption layers with different surface roughness on different areas of the member to be processed;
and laser shock treatment of matching different processing strengths in different thickness areas is realized on the surface of the member to be processed.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the physical basis of the invention is the rule of the influence of the surface roughness of the material on the actual laser impact strength: different areas of the surface of a material with different surface roughness or different components with different surface roughness, the areas or components with lower surface roughness tend to obtain stronger laser shock practical processing strength when subjected to laser shock treatment with the same processing parameters.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the method provided by the invention effectively avoids the higher requirements of unequal-strength laser shock treatment on the pulse laser, indirectly realizes the unequal-strength laser shock treatment of the material with the variable cross-section characteristic through a technical optimization mode, and has the technical advantages of low threshold of processing equipment and low complexity of the processing process.
2.) in the method provided by the invention, the aluminum foil is selected as the material of the absorption layer, the method of changing the roughness of the absorption layer is used for obtaining shock wave pressures with different sizes at different positions of the material, the preparation method is simple, the shock wave pressures can be easily obtained by using the existing preparation means, and the precision is easy to control.
3) The invention uses the aluminum foil as the absorption layer and mainly depends on the surface roughness of the aluminum foil to obtain different laser impact forces, thereby avoiding the ablation phenomenon at the thinner position of the absorption layer and avoiding the damage to the surface tissue of the material caused by the burning-through of the material of the absorption layer by high-energy laser beams.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional profile of a representative component of the present invention having different regions with different thickness profiles according to one or more embodiments,
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a shape feature of an aircraft engine blade component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention,
figure 3 is a cross-sectional shape feature schematic of an exemplary variable cross-sectional thickness member according to one or more embodiments of the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a method of adjusting laser shock processing intensity at different thickness locations using a variable surface roughness profile absorber layer in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention,
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the residual stress distribution of a variable section thickness component after laser shock with a variable surface roughness profile absorber layer in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention,
FIG. 6 is a schematic of macroscopic deformation of a variable cross-sectional thickness member after laser shock with a uniform surface roughness profile absorber layer.
In the figure: 1. the method comprises the following steps of (1) blade edge part, (2) blade middle part, (3) area needing to be applied with lower laser shock processing strength, (4) area needing to be applied with higher laser shock processing strength, (5) pulse laser beam, (6) high surface roughness absorption layer, (7) low surface roughness absorption layer, (8) blade edge macroscopic deformation part, (9) blade middle macroscopic deformation part, (10) blade edge part residual stress distribution area, and (11) blade middle part residual stress distribution area.
The spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As introduced in the background art, aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a load transfer type unequal-strength laser impact method, which can effectively avoid the higher requirements of unequal-strength laser impact treatment on a pulse laser, indirectly realize unequal-strength laser impact treatment on a material with variable cross-section characteristics through a technical optimization mode, and has the technical advantages of low threshold of processing equipment and low complexity of a processing process.
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment discloses a load transfer type unequal intensity laser shock method, which includes the following steps:
preparing aluminum foils with different surface roughness distributions as absorption layers;
obtaining processing conditions under which different areas of a component to be processed can receive different laser impact pressures;
coating absorption layers with different surface roughness on different areas of the member to be processed;
and laser shock treatment of matching different processing strengths in different thickness areas is realized on the surface of the member to be processed.
More specifically, the present embodiment uses the method described above to machine an aircraft engine blade, which is a typical component with variable cross-section characteristics as shown in fig. 1, and specifically includes the following steps:
(1) and determining the material of the absorption layer of the laser shock treatment of the variable cross-section shape characteristic component to be processed.
The source of the unequal load of the unequal intensity laser shock processing described in this embodiment is the receiving efficiency of the different surface roughness absorbing layers to the laser shock wave intensity. The variable surface roughness parameter of the absorber layer is a necessary specification for the method described in this example. In order to more easily realize the surface roughness control of the absorption layer on the surface of the member to be processed, the embodiment adopts an aluminum foil with the thickness of not less than 200 μm as the material of the absorption layer. The thick aluminum foil is a metal material absorption layer, and compared with other absorption layer materials such as a black tape and the like, the thick aluminum foil is easier to prepare surface states with different surface roughness.
(2) And determining the corresponding laser shock processing intensity of different thickness areas of the variable cross-section shape characteristic component to be processed.
The step requires determining the variable cross-section shape characteristics of the member to be processed and determining the corresponding laser shock processing strength according to the shape characteristics.
The processing target of the method in this embodiment is the improvement of the overall performance of the material, and the principle based on the shape feature matching processing strength is as follows: the residual compressive stress field with unequal strength is introduced under the condition of not causing deformation damage of the thin-wall region, and the residual stress of the thin-wall region does not influence the size of the component after laser shock treatment.
In this embodiment, other methods except for numerical simulation in which different regions are matched with different laser impact strengths are not limited, and a person skilled in the art may select a numerical simulation mode to select corresponding laser impact strengths of different thickness regions under the condition of obtaining an optimal target performance.
As shown in fig. 3, there are two regions of the member to be processed, a region 3 to which a lower laser shock processing intensity is applied and a region 4 to which a higher laser shock processing intensity is applied.
(3.) an aluminum foil absorbent layer with different surface roughness distributions in different areas was prepared.
The present embodiment requires that an aluminum foil absorption layer with a specific surface roughness distribution mode is prepared according to the determined optimal laser impact strength to be matched in different regions of the member to be processed.
The control of the surface roughness of the aluminum foil can be realized by mechanical grinding, and other technical approaches of changing the surface roughness of the material, which are not related to the embodiment, can also be adopted.
The preparation of the aluminum foil absorption layer needs to fully consider the shape characteristics of the member to be processed and the laser impact strength matched with the member to be processed. In the region to be treated of the component to be processed, the aluminum foil absorption layer should completely cover the region to be treated. The surface roughness of the aluminum foil absorption layer coated on the thin-wall part of the region to be processed is relatively high due to the relatively low laser impact processing strength of the thin-wall part; the thick-wall part of the area to be processed is corresponding to the laser impact processing intensity with higher intensity, and the surface roughness of the aluminum foil absorbing layer coated on the thick-wall part is relatively lower.
In this embodiment, the quantitative control method of the surface roughness of different areas of the aluminum foil absorption layer is not limited. One of the quantitative control methods provided in this embodiment is: in the step, aluminum foil absorption layers with different surface states are prepared, and the most suitable aluminum foil absorption layer is optimized through the subsequent comparative analysis of the characterization of the laser shock processing effect. The aluminum foil absorption layers with different surface states are as follows: and preparing the aluminum foil absorption layer with different numerical difference according to the numerical difference of different surface roughness of different areas.
As shown in fig. 4, the prepared aluminum foil absorption layer can be divided into two types, i.e., a high surface roughness absorption layer 6 and a high surface roughness absorption layer 7.
(4.) clamping of the member to be processed and coating of the absorption layer and the restraint layer.
The method comprises the steps of coating a prepared aluminum foil absorption layer capable of being matched with the shape characteristics of the member and a constraint layer on the surface of the member to be processed, and completing clamping of the member to be processed on a laser impact mechanical arm.
(5) And adopting laser with the same pulse parameters to carry out vertical incidence laser impact on the component to be processed.
The unequal-intensity laser shock processing method described in this embodiment achieves the target of processing with unequal intensities in different regions only by adjusting the roughness parameter of the absorption layer, and therefore, the parameters such as the laser incidence angle are all selected according to the conditions of uniform laser shock processing. The method requires that the same pulse laser and the same pulse laser incidence angle are adopted in different regions when the member to be processed is subjected to laser shock treatment.
After the step is finished, the residual stress field distribution with different strengths is obtained in the areas with different thicknesses on the surface of the component, so that the uniformity of the variable cross-section thickness stress distribution of the component to be processed and the improvement of the overall service performance of the component are realized.
The unequal strength shape-property of certain titanium alloy aeroengine blade is taken as an example to be cooperated with laser shock strengthening treatment. The curved surface area to be processed of the aeroengine blade has the variable cross-section thickness shape characteristic shown in figure 3.
(1) And determining that the material of the absorbing layer adopted by the load transfer type unequal-strength laser shock treatment of the curved surface to be processed based on the coarseness pressure regulation is 200 mu m thick aluminum foil.
(2) The depth of introduction of the residual compressive stress layer of the edge thin-wall part is 0.2mm according to the surface strengthening related index, and the depth of introduction of the residual compressive stress layer of the middle thicker section area is 1mm, and the depth is determined by a plurality of groups of variable parameter comparison tests: when the surface roughness of the aluminum foil absorption layer is about Ra5, the residual stress introduction depth of the material to be processed is about 0.2 mm; when the surface roughness of the aluminum foil absorption layer is below Ra1, the residual stress introduction depth of the material to be processed is about 1 mm.
(3) Determining the surface roughness of the edge coating absorbing layer in the curved surface area of the blade to be processed to be Ra5, the surface roughness of the middle coating absorbing layer to be Ra1, and judging the surface roughness value of the absorbing layer according to the thickness in the interval range between the edge and the middle of the blade. In this embodiment, the value of the surface roughness of the corresponding absorption layer at the specific cross-sectional thickness portion is determined by linear interpolation, for example, if the edge cross-sectional thickness is 2mm and the surface roughness of the corresponding absorption layer is Ra5, and the middle cross-sectional thickness is 10mm and the surface roughness of the corresponding absorption layer is Ra1, the surface roughness of the corresponding absorption layer at the 6mm cross-sectional thickness portion in the two position interval can be determined to be Ra 3. And after the judgment of the surface roughness parameters is finished, machining the surface state corresponding to the surface roughness value at the corresponding part of the absorption layer to be coated corresponding to the curved surface area to be machined by adopting a mechanical grinding mode.
(4) And clamping the blade to be processed on a mechanical arm of a laser impact system, coating aluminum foil absorption layers with different surface states on the surface of the blade, and applying a deionized water restraint layer.
(5) And laser beams with laser energy, pulse width and spot size of 5J, 18ns and 1mm respectively are adopted to carry out laser shock treatment of vertical incidence of pulse beams on the curved surface area to be processed of the blade to be processed. And completing load transfer type unequal strength laser shock treatment of the titanium alloy aircraft engine blade based on coarseness pressure regulation, wherein as shown in figure 5, different parts of the titanium alloy obtain unequal strength surface strengthening treatment matched with shape and size and mechanical property, and the corresponding residual stress distribution states of the edge blade edge and the middle blade body of the titanium alloy blade are as shown in figure 5, so that good shape-property cooperative regulation is realized. In fig. 5, a region 10 is a residual stress distribution region at the blade edge portion, and a region 11 is a residual stress distribution region at the blade middle portion.
In addition, in the implementation process of the above embodiment, if the uniform aluminum foil absorption layer with surface roughness not changing at different positions is selected for laser shock treatment, and the blade edge part of the blade to be processed is subjected to the same laser shock action strength as the blade body part, the surface treatment effect shown in fig. 6, that is, the edge thin-wall part of the blade is subjected to undesirable macroscopic plastic deformation, thereby affecting the dimensional control of the component. In fig. 6, a portion denoted by 8 is a macro-deformation portion of the blade edge, and a portion denoted by 9 is a macro-deformation portion of the blade middle.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A load transfer type unequal-intensity laser impact method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing aluminum foils with different surface roughness distributions as absorption layers;
obtaining processing conditions under which different areas of a component to be processed can receive different laser impact pressures;
coating absorption layers with different surface roughness on different areas of the member to be processed;
adopting laser with the same pulse parameters to carry out vertical incidence laser impact on the component to be processed;
dividing a region to be processed into a thin-wall part and a thick-wall part, wherein the surface roughness of an aluminum foil absorption layer coated on the thin-wall part of the region to be processed is Ra 1; the surface roughness of the aluminum foil absorbing layer coated on the thick-wall part of the area to be treated is Ra2, and Ra1 is larger than Ra 2.
2. The load transfer type unequal-intensity laser shock method according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness value of the corresponding aluminum foil absorption layer at the specific section thickness part of the member to be processed is determined by a linear interpolation relation.
3. The load transfer type unequal-strength laser shock method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the absorption layers with different surface roughness are coated on different areas of the member to be processed, the surface of the member to be processed is further coated with the constraint layer, and the member to be processed is clamped to the laser shock robot arm.
4. The load transferring unequal strength laser shock method of claim 3 wherein the constraining layer is deionized water constraining.
5. The load transferring unequal intensity laser shock method of claim 1 wherein the laser shock treatment is performed with laser parameters including laser energy, pulse width and spot size.
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| JP5653876B2 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2015-01-14 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Copper foil with laser absorbing layer, copper-clad laminate and printed wiring board using the copper foil |
| CN104164538B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2017-02-22 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock reinforcing method for obtaining large area uniform surface morphology |
| CN105002349B (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-05-03 | 江苏大学 | Method for conducting variable-light-spot multilayer staggered laser shock homogeneous enhancement on blades |
| CN108728633B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2019-11-08 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of laser shock peening method and device |
| CN109136529A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-04 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of laser shock peening method |
| CN110756997B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2022-09-13 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Surface treatment method for improving bonding strength of aluminum foil |
| CN112048614B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-03-22 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Hollow blade life-prolonging shape-controlling method based on laser shock peening |
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