CN112779299A - Multi-process combined treatment method and system for kitchen waste - Google Patents

Multi-process combined treatment method and system for kitchen waste Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112779299A
CN112779299A CN202110261960.3A CN202110261960A CN112779299A CN 112779299 A CN112779299 A CN 112779299A CN 202110261960 A CN202110261960 A CN 202110261960A CN 112779299 A CN112779299 A CN 112779299A
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kitchen waste
fermentation
clear liquid
liquid
combined treatment
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冷夕杜
戴飞
邓松圣
孙国文
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Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering
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Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-process combined treatment method and a system for kitchen waste, wherein the kitchen waste is crushed to obtain kitchen waste slurry; adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation solution; separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residue and first clear liquid; distilling the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse; mixing the first solid residue with vinasse, and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor; performing solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquor to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid; drying the second solid residue to be used as fertilizer or feed; adding the second clear liquid into sludge, fermenting and preparing hydrogen to obtain methane; separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen; dry ice is produced using the separated carbon dioxide. The invention comprehensively adopts various processes, can convert the kitchen waste into alcohol, grease, fertilizer, feed, hydrogen and dry ice, can produce various high-quality products, and realizes more thorough recycling of the kitchen waste.

Description

Multi-process combined treatment method and system for kitchen waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a multi-process combined treatment method and system for kitchen waste.
Background
The kitchen waste is waste generated in activities such as daily life, diet service and unit meal supply of residents, and is easy to rot, go moldy and smelly and pollute the environment due to a large amount of organic substances, so the kitchen waste needs to be treated in time.
In the prior art, in order to realize the recycling of resources and the protection of the environment, the kitchen waste is generally converted and produced to obtain products such as methane, alcohol, grease and the like. However, the existing kitchen waste recycling method adopts a single process, so that the conversion product is single in type, the recycling rate of the kitchen waste is low, and a large amount of residual useless waste is generated.
Aiming at the problems, the invention discloses a multi-process combined treatment method and a multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste, which can treat the kitchen waste by adopting various processes, realize more thorough utilization of the kitchen waste and produce various high-quality conversion products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a multi-process combined treatment method and a multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste, which can treat the kitchen waste by adopting various processes, realize more thorough utilization of the kitchen waste and produce various high-quality conversion products.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
crushing the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation solution;
separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residue and first clear liquid;
distilling the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse;
mixing the first solid residue with vinasse, and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor;
performing solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquor to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid;
drying the second solid residue to be used as fertilizer or feed;
adding the second clear liquid into sludge, fermenting and preparing hydrogen to obtain methane;
separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen;
dry ice is produced using the separated carbon dioxide.
Preferably, before the first fermentation liquid is subjected to three-phase separation to obtain the grease, the first solid residue and the first clear liquid, the method further comprises the step of sterilizing the kitchen waste slurry by using high-temperature steam; and after the high-temperature steam disinfects the kitchen waste slurry, heating the first clear liquid to obtain cooling water, wherein the cooling water is used for cooling the kitchen waste slurry after high-temperature disinfection.
Preferably, the hydrogen gas obtained after separating the carbon dioxide is used for any one or more of producing high-temperature steam, distilling alcohol or drying the second solid residue.
Preferably, the multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste further comprises the following steps: inputting the wastewater produced by the hydrogen production through fermentation into a wastewater recovery system to obtain water reaching the standard.
Preferably, before the kitchen waste is crushed to obtain the kitchen waste slurry, the kitchen waste is sorted to remove waste metals, plastics and wood materials.
A multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste comprises:
the crushing device is used for crushing the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
the first fermentation device is used for adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation liquid;
the three-phase oil-water separation device is used for separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residues and first clear liquid;
the alcohol distillation device is used for distilling alcohol by utilizing the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse;
the second fermentation device is used for mixing the first solid residues with the vinasse and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor;
the solid-liquid separation device is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquid to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid;
the drying device is used for drying the second solid residues to be used as fertilizer or feed;
the third fermentation device is used for adding the second clear liquid into the sludge to ferment and prepare hydrogen so as to obtain methane;
the carbon dioxide separation device is used for separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen;
the dry ice manufacturing device manufactures dry ice using the separated carbon dioxide.
Preferably, the multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste further comprises a boiler, a sterilization device, a clear liquid preheating device and a heat exchanger which are sequentially connected end to end; the boiler is used for generating high-temperature steam and leading the high-temperature steam to the sterilization device; the sterilizing device is used for sterilizing the kitchen waste slurry by using high-temperature steam and leading the high-temperature steam to the clear liquid preheating device; the clear liquid preheating device is used for heating the first clear liquid by using high-temperature steam flowing through the sterilizing device and leading the obtained cooling water to the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is used for cooling the high-temperature sterilized kitchen waste slurry by using cooling water and leading the cooling water to the boiler.
Preferably, the carbon dioxide separation device is communicated with any one or more of a boiler, an alcohol distillation device or a drying device, and hydrogen obtained after the carbon dioxide separation is used for producing any one or more of high-temperature steam, distilled alcohol or dried second solid slag.
Preferably, the multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste further comprises a wastewater recovery system for treating wastewater generated by hydrogen production through fermentation to obtain water reaching the standard.
Preferably, the multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste further comprises a waste sorting device for sorting the kitchen waste and removing waste metals, plastics and wood materials.
In summary, the invention discloses a multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: crushing the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry; adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation solution; separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residue and first clear liquid; distilling the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse; mixing the first solid residue with vinasse, and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor; performing solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquor to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid; drying the second solid residue to be used as fertilizer or feed; adding the second clear liquid into sludge, fermenting and preparing hydrogen to obtain methane; separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen; dry ice is produced using the separated carbon dioxide. The invention comprehensively adopts various processes, can convert the kitchen waste into alcohol, grease, fertilizer, feed, hydrogen and dry ice, can produce various high-quality products, and realizes more thorough recycling of the kitchen waste.
Drawings
For purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:
crushing the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
in the invention, after the kitchen waste discharging vehicle enters the discharging bin for discharging, the kitchen waste is sent to the crushing device for crushing treatment. Pumping the broken kitchen waste slurry into a swill buffer tank through a pump, and inputting the kitchen waste slurry into a first fermentation device through the pump for fermentation;
adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation solution;
the saccharomyces cerevisiae adopted in the invention can be gene recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae which is developed by a Liuren Huaishi team and can degrade and utilize kitchen waste;
separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residue and first clear liquid;
distilling the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse;
mixing the first solid residue with vinasse, and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor;
in the invention, the fungi used can be aspergillus awamori and aspergillus oryzae;
performing solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquor to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid;
drying the second solid residue to be used as fertilizer or feed;
adding the second clear liquid into sludge, fermenting and preparing hydrogen to obtain methane;
separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen;
dry ice is produced using the separated carbon dioxide.
The invention comprehensively adopts various processes, can convert the kitchen waste into alcohol, grease, fertilizer, feed, hydrogen and dry ice, can produce various high-quality products, and realizes more thorough recycling of the kitchen waste.
In specific implementation, before the first fermentation liquid is subjected to three-phase separation to obtain grease, first solid residues and first clear liquid, high-temperature steam is used for sterilizing the kitchen waste slurry; and after the high-temperature steam disinfects the kitchen waste slurry, heating the first clear liquid to obtain cooling water, wherein the cooling water is used for cooling the kitchen waste slurry after high-temperature disinfection.
In order to ensure the sanitation of subsequent conversion products and avoid the influence of mixed bacteria on fermentation, high-temperature sterilization is needed to be carried out on the kitchen waste slurry before fermentation, steam can be generated by heating a boiler, the sterilization temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the sterilization time is 1-6 h. According to the invention, firstly, a boiler heats water to obtain high-temperature steam, and the temperature of the kitchen waste slurry is reduced to a certain extent after the high-temperature steam disinfects the kitchen waste slurry; then, preheating the first clear liquid by using high-temperature steam with a certain temperature reduced, and shortening the alcohol distillation time; at this moment, steam further loses the heat, condenses to the cooling water, later utilizes the cooling water to cool down the kitchen garbage thick liquid after the high temperature disinfection, makes its temperature reach 25 ℃ -35 ℃ (temperature monitoring accessible temperature sensor realizes, and this is prior art, and it is no longer repeated here), the subsequent fermentation work of being convenient for. In the invention, energy is fully utilized, besides high-temperature steam is utilized for sterilization, steam with reduced temperature is further utilized for preheating the first clear liquid, the heating time of the first clear liquid during alcohol distillation is shortened, the energy consumption in the alcohol distillation link is saved, the steam is converted into cooling water, and further the cooling water can be used for cooling the sterilized kitchen waste slurry. The whole circulation process makes full use of heat, greatly reduces energy consumption, and improves the efficiency of conversion treatment of the kitchen waste. In addition, if the steam is still gaseous after preheating the first clear liquid, the steam can be cooled by adopting a refrigerant to be condensed, or the steam is directly sent back to the boiler, and the kitchen waste slurry after the temperature is directly cooled and disinfected by adopting the refrigerant.
In specific implementation, the hydrogen obtained after the carbon dioxide separation is used for producing any one or more of high-temperature steam, distilled alcohol or dried second solid residue.
Because the products of the conversion of the kitchen waste comprise hydrogen, the prepared air can be directly used for preparing high-temperature steam, distilled alcohol or drying second solid slag, and the use of additional energy can be avoided or reduced.
In specific implementation, the multi-process combined treatment method for the kitchen waste further comprises the following steps: inputting the wastewater produced by the hydrogen production through fermentation into a wastewater recovery system to obtain water reaching the standard.
In order to ensure that the environment is not polluted, the invention can also recycle the wastewater in the process of preparing hydrogen by fermentation so as to ensure that the wastewater reaches the relevant standard.
In specific implementation, before the kitchen waste is crushed to obtain the kitchen waste slurry, the kitchen waste is sorted, and waste metal, plastic and wood materials are removed.
Because the garbage classification is not standard, the kitchen waste still includes other rubbish for a long time, consequently, before broken slurrying, can sort kitchen waste, gets rid of other rubbish that can not be used for fermentation conversion.
The invention also discloses a multi-process combined treatment system for the kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:
the crushing device is used for crushing the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
the first fermentation device is used for adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation liquid;
the three-phase oil-water separation device is used for separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residues and first clear liquid;
the alcohol distillation device is used for distilling alcohol by utilizing the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse;
the second fermentation device is used for mixing the first solid residues with the vinasse and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor;
the solid-liquid separation device is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquid to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid;
the drying device is used for drying the second solid residues to be used as fertilizer or feed;
the third fermentation device is used for adding the second clear liquid into the sludge to ferment and prepare hydrogen so as to obtain methane;
the carbon dioxide separation device is used for separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen;
the dry ice manufacturing device manufactures dry ice using the separated carbon dioxide.
In the invention, a separation membrane can be used for separating carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and then the carbon dioxide is made into dry ice in a cooling or pressurizing way; in addition, in order to ensure the purity of the finally obtained hydrogen, a methane purification device can be adopted for desulphurization treatment; the solid-liquid separation device can be a horizontal centrifuge; the drying device can be a solid residue dryer, and a bagging and packaging machine is used for separating after drying to form bagged feed or fertilizer; the fermentation device can be a fermentation tank, and the alcohol distillation device can be an alcohol distillation tower.
In specific implementation, the multi-process combined treatment system for the kitchen waste further comprises a boiler, a sterilization device, a clear liquid preheating device and a heat exchanger which are sequentially connected end to end; the boiler is used for generating high-temperature steam and leading the high-temperature steam to the sterilization device; the sterilizing device is used for sterilizing the kitchen waste slurry by using high-temperature steam and leading the high-temperature steam to the clear liquid preheating device; the clear liquid preheating device is used for heating the first clear liquid by using high-temperature steam flowing through the sterilizing device and leading the obtained cooling water to the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is used for cooling the high-temperature sterilized kitchen waste slurry by using cooling water and leading the cooling water to the boiler.
During specific implementation, the carbon dioxide separation device is communicated with any one or more of a boiler, an alcohol distillation device or a drying device, and hydrogen obtained after carbon dioxide separation is used for producing any one or more of high-temperature steam, distilled alcohol or dried second solid slag.
In specific implementation, the multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste further comprises a wastewater recovery system, and the wastewater recovery system is used for treating wastewater produced by fermentation hydrogen production to obtain water reaching the standard.
When the kitchen waste multi-process combined treatment system is specifically implemented, the kitchen waste multi-process combined treatment system further comprises a waste sorting device which is used for sorting the kitchen waste and removing waste metals, plastics and wood materials.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, while the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation solution;
separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residue and first clear liquid;
distilling the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse;
mixing the first solid residue with vinasse, and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor;
performing solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquor to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid;
drying the second solid residue to be used as fertilizer or feed;
adding the second clear liquid into sludge, fermenting and preparing hydrogen to obtain methane;
separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen;
dry ice is produced using the separated carbon dioxide.
2. The multi-process combined treatment method of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein before the first fermentation liquid is subjected to three-phase separation to obtain grease, first solid residue and first clear liquid, the method further comprises the step of sterilizing the kitchen waste slurry by using high-temperature steam; and after the high-temperature steam disinfects the kitchen waste slurry, heating the first clear liquid to obtain cooling water, wherein the cooling water is used for cooling the kitchen waste slurry after high-temperature disinfection.
3. The multi-process combined treatment method of kitchen waste according to claim 2, characterized in that the hydrogen obtained after separating carbon dioxide is used for any one or more of the production of high temperature steam, distilled alcohol or drying of the second solid residue.
4. The multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-process combined treatment method for kitchen waste further comprises: inputting the wastewater produced by the hydrogen production through fermentation into a wastewater recovery system to obtain water reaching the standard.
5. The multi-process combined treatment method of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that before the kitchen waste is crushed to obtain the kitchen waste slurry, the method further comprises sorting the kitchen waste to remove waste metals, plastics and wood materials.
6. A multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the crushing device is used for crushing the kitchen waste to obtain kitchen waste slurry;
the first fermentation device is used for adding saccharomyces cerevisiae into the kitchen waste slurry for fermentation to obtain a first fermentation liquid;
the three-phase oil-water separation device is used for separating the first fermentation liquid into three phases to obtain grease, first solid residues and first clear liquid;
the alcohol distillation device is used for distilling alcohol by utilizing the first clear liquid to obtain alcohol and vinasse;
the second fermentation device is used for mixing the first solid residues with the vinasse and adding fungi for fermentation to obtain second fermentation liquor;
the solid-liquid separation device is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second fermentation liquid to obtain second solid residues and second clear liquid;
the drying device is used for drying the second solid residues to be used as fertilizer or feed;
the third fermentation device is used for adding the second clear liquid into the sludge to ferment and prepare hydrogen so as to obtain methane;
the carbon dioxide separation device is used for separating carbon dioxide in the biogas to obtain hydrogen;
the dry ice manufacturing device manufactures dry ice using the separated carbon dioxide.
7. The multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste according to claim 6, further comprising a boiler, a sterilization device, a clear solution preheating device and a heat exchanger which are connected end to end in sequence; the boiler is used for generating high-temperature steam and leading the high-temperature steam to the sterilization device; the sterilizing device is used for sterilizing the kitchen waste slurry by using high-temperature steam and leading the high-temperature steam to the clear liquid preheating device; the clear liquid preheating device is used for heating the first clear liquid by using high-temperature steam flowing through the sterilizing device and leading the obtained cooling water to the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is used for cooling the high-temperature sterilized kitchen waste slurry by using cooling water and leading the cooling water to the boiler.
8. The combined multi-process kitchen waste treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that the carbon dioxide separation device is in communication with any one or more of a boiler, an alcohol distillation device or a drying device, and hydrogen obtained after carbon dioxide separation is used for producing any one or more of high temperature steam, distilled alcohol or dried second solid residue.
9. The multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste according to claim 6, characterized in that the multi-process combined treatment system for kitchen waste further comprises a wastewater recovery system for treating wastewater from hydrogen production by fermentation to obtain water reaching standards.
10. The kitchen waste multi-process combined treatment system according to claim 6, further comprising a waste sorting device for sorting kitchen waste to remove waste metals, plastics and wood materials.
CN202110261960.3A 2021-03-10 2021-03-10 Multi-process combined treatment method and system for kitchen waste Pending CN112779299A (en)

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Application publication date: 20210511