CN112772578A - Silkworm breeding method for improving moisture absorption performance of silk - Google Patents

Silkworm breeding method for improving moisture absorption performance of silk Download PDF

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CN112772578A
CN112772578A CN202110098136.0A CN202110098136A CN112772578A CN 112772578 A CN112772578 A CN 112772578A CN 202110098136 A CN202110098136 A CN 202110098136A CN 112772578 A CN112772578 A CN 112772578A
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silkworm
day
humidity
silkworms
young
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CN112772578B (en
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王安琪
刘伟
储虹
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Suzhou Zhenze Silk Road Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/04Silkworms

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk, and belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding. The method comprises the step of rearing 1-5-year-old silkworms, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 24-25 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 60-65% on the 1 st-3 rd day of the 5 th year; controlling the temperature at 30-32 deg.C and humidity at 65-70% on the 4 th-5 th day of 5 years old; controlling the temperature at 22-23 deg.C and humidity at 60-65% on 6-8 th day of 5 years old. The moisture absorption of the silk made of the silkworm cocoons prepared by the method is greatly improved, and the glossiness, the toughness and the like are kept at good levels.

Description

Silkworm breeding method for improving moisture absorption performance of silk
Technical Field
The invention relates to a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk, and belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding.
Background
The silk fiber is mainly composed of two major parts of fibrous silk fibroin and spherical sericin. The sericin is secreted from the middle silk gland of silkworm body, and when silking cocoons, the silk fibroin fibrils in the back silk gland pass through the middle silk gland, the sericin is attached to the surface of the silk fibroin to lubricate, bond and protect the silk fibroin. In the raw silk fiber, the sericin content is about 20-30%, and phosphorus-shaped particle sheets are irregularly coated on the surface of the silk fiber. The dissolubility of each layer of sericin is gradually reduced from outside to inside, wherein the dissolubility of the sericin at the outermost layer is the best, and the moisture absorption performance is also the best. However, silk fabrics with sericin retained have the problems of poor gloss and uneven dyeing, poor fabric softness, poor wearing comfort and the like, so that in the production process of silk textiles at home, silk reeling, refining and other operations are required to almost remove sericin on the surface of silk. Although the water absorption of the degummed silk fiber is still higher than that of the cotton fiber, the silk is a nearly thin fabric due to the high price of the silk, the total water absorption of the fiber is low, and the defect of insufficient moisture absorption performance still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk, which is realized by adjusting the temperature and the humidity of the silkworm in the 5 th larva stage of the silkworm, specifically, the temperature is controlled to be 24-25 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 60-65% on the 1 st-3 rd day of the silkworm with the 5 th age; controlling the temperature at 30-32 deg.C and humidity at 65-70% on the 4 th-5 th day of 5 years old; controlling the temperature at 22-23 deg.C and humidity at 60-65% on 6-8 th day of 5 years old.
According to the invention, the temperature and the humidity are adjusted in the 5-year stage, the secretion of sericin is adjusted, and especially the expression of sericin in the middle-rear silk gland cells is adjusted, so that part of sericin can be mixed with fibroin and coated in the sericin secreted by the front silk gland cells, and finally, the degummed silk fiber has better hygroscopicity and does not influence the toughness, the serviceability and the glossiness of the silk fiber.
Further, in the method, the mulberry is given to the patient to be fed to the patient in the first 1-2 days of the 5 th age, the mulberry is given to the patient in the second 3-6 days of the 5 th age to be fed to the patient in the satiation state, and the mulberry is given to the patient in the second 7-8 days of the 5 th age to be fed to the patient in the overeating state.
Further, the method also comprises a step of spinning and cocooning after the rearing of the 5 th-instar silkworms, and specifically comprises the following steps: controlling the temperature to be 24-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-65% on the 1 st-2 nd day when silkworms of 5 th instar start spinning, controlling the temperature to be 28-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 75-80% on the 3 rd day, controlling the temperature to be 22-23 ℃ on the 4 th-7 th day, and enhancing ventilation and moisture removal till all silkworms finish spinning and cocooning.
Further, the method also comprises the step of rearing 1-4-year-old silkworms.
Further, the rearing method of the young 1 st silkworm comprises the following steps: placing young silkworm of 1 year old obtained by hastening green and collecting ant in a non-ventilated room, controlling room temperature at 29-30 deg.C and humidity at 80-90%, adding folium Mori in the first 4 days, not adding folium Mori in the 5 th day, making the young silkworm of 1 year old dormant, and molting to obtain young silkworm of 2 year old.
Further, the rearing method of the young silkworms of the 2 th instar comprises the following steps: when the young silkworm of 1 year moults into the young silkworm of 2 years, the room temperature is adjusted to be 27-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 75-85%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 2 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 3 rd day, the young silkworm of 2 years is dormant, and the moult is formed into the young silkworm of 3 years.
Further, the rearing method of the 3 rd-instar silkworm comprises the following steps: when the young silkworm of 2 years moult to the young silkworm of 3 years old, the room temperature is adjusted to 26-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 70-80%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 3 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 4 th day, and the young silkworm of 3 years old is dormant to moult to the young silkworm of 4 years old.
Further, the breeding steps of the 4 th-instar silkworm are as follows: when 3 rd silkworm moults into 4 th silkworm, the room temperature is adjusted to 22-23 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 65-75%, mulberry leaves are added in the first 4 days, no mulberry leaves are added in the 5 th day, the 4 th silkworm sleeps, the temperature is adjusted to 25-26 ℃ during dormancy, and the silkworm moults into 5 th silkworm.
Further, in the method, edible antibiotics are respectively added on the 3 rd day of rearing of 3 rd-instar silkworms, the 2 nd day of rearing of 4 th-instar silkworms, the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of rearing of 5 th-instar silkworms.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the silkworm cocoon prepared by the method.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the silk prepared by the silkworm cocoon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the moisture absorption of the silk made of the silkworm cocoons prepared by the method is greatly improved, and the glossiness, the toughness and the like are kept at good levels.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk comprises the following steps:
(1) placing young silkworm of 1 year old obtained by hastening green and collecting ant in a room without ventilation, controlling room temperature at 29-30 deg.C and humidity at 85%, adding folium Mori in the first 4 days, adding no folium Mori in the 5 th day, making the young silkworm of 1 year old dormant, and molting to obtain young silkworm of 2 year old.
(2) When the young silkworm of 1 year moults to the young silkworm of 2 years, the room temperature is adjusted to be 27-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 80%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 2 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 3 rd day, the young silkworm of 2 years is dormant, and the moult is to the young silkworm of 3 years.
(3) When the young silkworm of 2 years moult to the young silkworm of 3 years old, the room temperature is adjusted to 26-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 75%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 3 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 4 th day, and the young silkworm of 3 years old is dormant to moult to the young silkworm of 4 years old.
(4) When 3 rd silkworm is molted into 4 th silkworm, the room temperature is adjusted to 22-23 deg.C, the humidity is controlled to 70%, folium Mori is added in the first 4 days, no folium Mori is added in the 5 th day, the 4 th silkworm is dormant, the temperature is adjusted to 25-26 deg.C when the silkworm is dormant, and the silkworm is molted into 5 th silkworm
(5) Controlling the temperature at 24-25 deg.C and humidity at 65% on 5 th day 1-3; controlling the temperature at 30-32 deg.C and humidity at 70% on the 4 th-5 th day of 5 years old; the temperature is controlled at 22-23 deg.C and humidity is 65% on 6-8 days of 5 years old. And the mulberry is given to eat on the 1 st to 2 nd days of the 5 th age, the mulberry is given to eat at the 3 rd to 6 th days of the 5 th age, and the mulberry is given to eat on the 7 th to 8 th days of the 5 th age.
(6) The silkworms of 5 th age are bred and then are spinned and cocooned, the temperature is controlled to be 24-25 ℃, the humidity is 65%, the temperature is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ on the 3 rd day, the humidity is 80%, the temperature is controlled to be 22-23 ℃ on the 4 th-7 th day when silkworms of 5 th age start spinning, and ventilation and moisture removal are enhanced until all silkworms spin and cocoons.
In addition, in the feeding process, edible antibiotics are respectively added to the 3 rd day of the feeding of 3 rd-instar silkworms, the 2 nd day of the feeding of 4 th-instar silkworms, the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of the feeding of 5 th-instar silkworms.
Example 2:
a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk comprises the following steps:
(1) placing young silkworm of 1 year old obtained by hastening green and collecting ant in a room without ventilation, controlling room temperature at 29-30 deg.C and humidity at 80%, adding folium Mori in the first 4 days, adding no folium Mori in the 5 th day, making the young silkworm of 1 year old dormant, and molting to obtain young silkworm of 2 year old.
(2) When the young silkworm of 1 year moults to the young silkworm of 2 years, the room temperature is adjusted to be 27-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 75%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 2 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 3 rd day, the young silkworm of 2 years is dormant, and the moult is to the young silkworm of 3 years.
(3) When the young silkworm of 2 years moult to the young silkworm of 3 years old, the room temperature is adjusted to 26-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 70%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 3 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 4 th day, and the young silkworm of 3 years old is dormant to moult to the young silkworm of 4 years old.
(4) When 3 rd silkworm moults into 4 th silkworm, the room temperature is adjusted to 22-23 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 65%, mulberry leaves are added in the first 4 days, no mulberry leaves are added in the 5 th day, the 4 th silkworm sleeps, the temperature is adjusted to 25-26 ℃ when the silkworm sleeps, and the silkworm moults into 5 th silkworm.
(5) Controlling the temperature at 24-25 deg.C and humidity at 60% on day 1-3 of 5 years old; controlling the temperature at 30-32 deg.C and humidity at 65% on the 4 th-5 th day of 5 years old; the temperature is controlled at 22-23 deg.C and humidity is controlled at 60% on 6-8 days of age 5. And the mulberry is given to eat on the 1 st to 2 nd days of the 5 th age, the mulberry is given to eat at the 3 rd to 6 th days of the 5 th age, and the mulberry is given to eat on the 7 th to 8 th days of the 5 th age.
(6) The silkworms of 5 th age are bred and then are spinned and cocooned, the temperature is controlled to be 24-25 ℃, the humidity is 60%, the temperature is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ on the 3 rd day, the humidity is 75%, the temperature is controlled to be 22-23 ℃ on the 4 th-7 th day when silkworms of 5 th age start spinning, and ventilation and moisture removal are enhanced until all silkworms spin and cocoons.
In addition, in the feeding process, edible antibiotics are respectively added to the 3 rd day of the feeding of 3 rd-instar silkworms, the 2 nd day of the feeding of 4 th-instar silkworms, the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of the feeding of 5 th-instar silkworms.
Example 3:
a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk comprises the following steps:
(1) placing young silkworm of 1 year old obtained by hastening green and collecting ant in a room without ventilation, controlling room temperature at 29-30 deg.C and humidity at 80%, adding folium Mori in the first 4 days, adding no folium Mori in the 5 th day, making the young silkworm of 1 year old dormant, and molting to obtain young silkworm of 2 year old.
(2) When the young silkworm of 1 year moults to the young silkworm of 2 years, the room temperature is adjusted to be 27-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 75%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 2 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 3 rd day, the young silkworm of 2 years is dormant, and the moult is to the young silkworm of 3 years.
(3) When the young silkworm of 2 years moult to the young silkworm of 3 years old, the room temperature is adjusted to 26-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 70%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 3 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 4 th day, and the young silkworm of 3 years old is dormant to moult to the young silkworm of 4 years old.
(4) When 3 rd silkworm moults into 4 th silkworm, the room temperature is adjusted to 22-23 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 65%, mulberry leaves are added in the first 4 days, no mulberry leaves are added in the 5 th day, the 4 th silkworm sleeps, the temperature is adjusted to 25-26 ℃ when the silkworm sleeps, and the silkworm moults into 5 th silkworm.
(5) Controlling the temperature at 24-25 deg.C and humidity at 62% on 5 th day 1-3; controlling the temperature at 30-32 deg.C and humidity at 68% on day 4-5 of 5 years old; the temperature is controlled at 22-23 deg.C and humidity is controlled at 62% on day 6-8 of 5 years old. And the mulberry is given to eat on the 1 st to 2 nd days of the 5 th age, the mulberry is given to eat at the 3 rd to 6 th days of the 5 th age, and the mulberry is given to eat on the 7 th to 8 th days of the 5 th age.
(6) The silkworms of 5 th age are bred and then are spinned and cocooned, the temperature is controlled to be 24-25 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 62%, the temperature is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ on the 3 rd day, the humidity is controlled to be 78%, the temperature is controlled to be 22-23 ℃ on the 4 th-7 th day when silkworms of 5 th age start to spin, and ventilation and moisture removal are enhanced until all silkworms spin and cocoons.
In addition, in the feeding process, edible antibiotics are respectively added to the 3 rd day of the feeding of 3 rd-instar silkworms, the 2 nd day of the feeding of 4 th-instar silkworms, the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of the feeding of 5 th-instar silkworms.
Comparative example 1:
a silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk comprises the following steps:
(1) placing young silkworm of 1 year old obtained by hastening green and collecting ant in a room without ventilation, controlling room temperature at 29-30 deg.C and humidity at 80%, adding folium Mori in the first 4 days, adding no folium Mori in the 5 th day, making the young silkworm of 1 year old dormant, and molting to obtain young silkworm of 2 year old.
(2) When the young silkworm of 1 year moults to the young silkworm of 2 years, the room temperature is adjusted to be 27-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 75%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 2 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 3 rd day, the young silkworm of 2 years is dormant, and the moult is to the young silkworm of 3 years.
(3) When the young silkworm of 2 years moult to the young silkworm of 3 years old, the room temperature is adjusted to 26-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 70%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 3 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 4 th day, and the young silkworm of 3 years old is dormant to moult to the young silkworm of 4 years old.
(4) When 3 rd silkworm moults into 4 th silkworm, the room temperature is adjusted to 22-23 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 65%, mulberry leaves are added in the first 4 days, no mulberry leaves are added in the 5 th day, the 4 th silkworm sleeps, the temperature is adjusted to 25-26 ℃ when the silkworm sleeps, and the silkworm moults into 5 th silkworm.
(5) When the skin of a 4-year-old silkworm becomes a 5-year-old silkworm, the room temperature is maintained at 22-23 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 65%, mulberry leaves are continuously added for 7 days, and after 7 days, the silkworm begins to spin and cocoon;
(6) controlling the temperature at 24-25 deg.C and humidity at 62% on day 1-2 when silkworms of 5 th instar start spinning, controlling the temperature at 28-30 deg.C and humidity at 78% on day 3, and controlling the temperature at 22-23 deg.C on day 4-7, and ventilating and dehumidifying until all silkworms spin and cocoon.
In addition, in the feeding process, edible antibiotics are respectively added to the 3 rd day of the feeding of 3 rd-instar silkworms, the 2 nd day of the feeding of 4 th-instar silkworms, the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of the feeding of 5 th-instar silkworms.
The silkworm cocoons of the examples 1 to 3 and the silkworm cocoons of the comparative example 1 are respectively subjected to cocoon peeling, cocoon cooking, silk reeling, finished raw silk reeling, degumming, finished boiled silk reeling and other process treatments to obtain silk fibers, the performance of the silk fibers is tested, the breaking strength is tested according to GB/T3923.2-2013, the moisture absorption is measured by an oven method, the silk fibers are prepared into fabrics, the glossiness and the touch feeling of the fabrics are evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Moisture absorption% Breaking strength MPa Gloss and feel of fabric
Example 1 36 598 Good glossiness and silky touch
Example 2 38 601 Good glossiness and silky touch
Example 3 41 585 Good glossiness and silky touch
Comparative example 1 25 614 Good glossiness and silky touch
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A silkworm breeding method for improving the moisture absorption performance of silk is characterized by comprising the step of breeding 1-5 instar silkworms, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 24-25 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 60-65% on the 1 st-3 rd day of the 5 instar silkworms; controlling the temperature at 30-32 deg.C and humidity at 65-70% on the 4 th-5 th day of 5 years old; controlling the temperature at 22-23 deg.C and humidity at 60-65% on 6-8 th day of 5 years old.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mulberry is given to the patient for a period of 1-2 days at age 5, the mulberry is given to the patient for a period of 3-6 days at age 5, and the mulberry is given to the patient for a period of 7-8 days at age 5.
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of spinning and cocooning after rearing of 5-instar silkworms, which comprises the following steps: controlling the temperature to be 24-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-65% on the 1 st-2 nd day when silkworms of 5 th instar start spinning, controlling the temperature to be 28-30 ℃ and the humidity to be 75-80% on the 3 rd day, controlling the temperature to be 22-23 ℃ on the 4 th-7 th day, and enhancing ventilation and moisture removal till all silkworms finish spinning and cocooning.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rearing of young 1 st silkworms comprises: placing young silkworm of 1 year old obtained by hastening green and collecting ant in a non-ventilated room, controlling room temperature at 29-30 deg.C and humidity at 80-90%, adding folium Mori in the first 4 days, not adding folium Mori in the 5 th day, making the young silkworm of 1 year old dormant, and molting to obtain young silkworm of 2 year old.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rearing of young 2-instar silkworms comprises: when the young silkworm of 1 year moults into the young silkworm of 2 years, the room temperature is adjusted to be 27-28 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 75-85%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 2 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 3 rd day, the young silkworm of 2 years is dormant, and the moult is formed into the young silkworm of 3 years.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rearing of silkworms of 3 instars comprises: when the young silkworm of 2 years moult to the young silkworm of 3 years old, the room temperature is adjusted to 26-27 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 70-80%, the mulberry leaves are added in the first 3 days, the mulberry leaves are not added in the 4 th day, and the young silkworm of 3 years old is dormant to moult to the young silkworm of 4 years old.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rearing of a 4-instar silkworm comprises: when 3 rd silkworm moults into 4 th silkworm, the room temperature is adjusted to 22-23 ℃, the humidity is controlled to 65-75%, mulberry leaves are added in the first 4 days, no mulberry leaves are added in the 5 th day, the 4 th silkworm sleeps, the temperature is adjusted to 25-26 ℃ during dormancy, and the silkworm moults into 5 th silkworm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feed antibiotics are added to silkworms at 3 rd, silkworms at 4 th, silkworms at 5 th and silkworms at 3 rd and 5 th, respectively.
9. A silkworm cocoon as prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Silk produced from the silkworm cocoon of claim 8.
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