CN112765848A - Method for determining convective heat transfer coefficient of outer shell in multi-physical-field calculation of transformer - Google Patents
Method for determining convective heat transfer coefficient of outer shell in multi-physical-field calculation of transformer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer temperature fluid field calculation, and particularly relates to a method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of an outer shell in transformer multi-physical field calculation. The implementation steps comprise: establishing a three-dimensional model containing a peripheral air bag of the transformer, and setting material properties; adopting a grid to subdivide the model; setting loss distribution on an internal metal structural part and a metal box body and boundary conditions of an external environment; carrying out simulation calculation on the temperature fluid field of the transformer by adopting a finite volume method to obtain the temperature field distribution of the transformer and the heat flow distribution of the shell of the transformer; and calculating to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell by combining the temperature of the transformer shell, the temperature of the external environment and the obtained heat flow distribution of the transformer shell. The method has comprehensive consideration on the calculation of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell, is not limited by the structure of the transformer shell, has higher calculation precision compared with an analytic formula, and can be better applied to engineering practice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer temperature fluid field calculation, and particularly relates to a method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of an outer shell in transformer multi-physical field calculation.
Background
The transformer is one of important transmission equipment in the power system, the quantity is large, the structure is complex, and how to monitor the temperature distribution of the transformer is an important factor influencing the power supply reliability and safety of the power system. The method is an important technical means for the operation and maintenance of the transformer in the actual operation control of the transformer. However, in the calculation of the temperature fluid field of the transformer, one of the important boundary conditions for loading the convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell is that the structure of the transformer shell is complex, the convection heat transfer coefficient is simply calculated by adopting an empirical formula, the heat transfer characteristic of the exterior of the transformer cannot be completely described, and a large error exists in practical application. Therefore, how to accurately obtain the convective heat transfer coefficient of the shell in the multi-physical field calculation of the transformer is an important content for determining and completing the work of transformer detection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of an outer shell in the multi-physical-field calculation of a transformer, which combines simulation calculation and tests and has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency and feasibility.
The invention relates to a method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of an outer shell in the multi-physical-field calculation of a transformer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional model containing a transformer peripheral air bag, and setting material properties of each component in the model: determining the size parameters of the transformer iron core 1, the winding, the internal structural part and the oil tank, establishing a three-dimensional simulation analysis model comprising the transformer iron core 1, the winding, the internal structural part, the oil tank and a transformer peripheral air bag, and setting the material properties of each part of the model according to the actual material parameters of each part of the structure;
s2, subdividing the three-dimensional simulation analysis model by using a mesh with matched tetrahedrons and hexahedrons: dividing the complex structure by using a tetrahedron, and dividing the regular structure by using a hexahedral mesh to obtain an integral transformer divided mesh with the tetrahedron and the hexahedron matched with each other;
the complex structure at least comprises a transformer shell and an internal metal structural part; the regular structure comprises at least a transformer winding;
s3, setting loss distribution on the windings, the iron cores and the internal metal structural parts of the transformer and the metal box body, and the boundary conditions of the external environment: obtaining total loss of the transformer under rated conditions by combining no-load loss and load loss of the transformer, determining loss distribution on the transformer winding by combining turns of high and low voltage windings of the transformer, direct current resistance and rated current, and obtaining leakage flux distribution on a metal structural part and a box body in the transformer by calculating by using an electromagnetic field of the transformer under rated conditions to obtain eddy current density J and the like, and eddy current loss P on the metal structural part and the box body in the transformereCan be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: j is the eddy current density, v is the divided mesh volume, and σ is the conductivity;
loading the ambient temperature on the outer layer of the transformer external ambient air bag as a boundary condition;
s4, carrying out simulation calculation on the transformer temperature fluid field by adopting a finite volume method to obtain the distribution of the transformer temperature field and the distribution of the transformer shell heat flow: combining the established three-dimensional simulation analysis model containing the peripheral air bag of the transformer, and performing simulation calculation on the temperature fluid field of the transformer by adopting a finite volume method, wherein the control process of the temperature fluid field can be expressed by the following three formulas, namely a mass conservation equation, a momentum conservation equation and an energy conservation equation;
in the formula, f is fluid volume force, q is a volume heat source of the fluid, rho is fluid density, v is fluid flow rate, p is fluid pressure, mu is dynamic viscosity of the fluid, e is internal energy of the fluid, k is a heat conductivity coefficient of the fluid, and the mechanical energy of the fluid is converted into heat energy under the combined action of the S oil viscosity and the internal heat source of the fluid;
after the solution is completed, the distribution of the temperature field of the transformer and the distribution of the heat flow of the shell of the transformer can be obtained in the post-treatment.
S5, calculating to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell by combining the temperature of the transformer shell, the temperature of the external environment and the obtained heat flow distribution of the transformer shell: after obtaining the temperature distribution of the transformer shell and the heat flow distribution on the box body of the transformer shell based on the solving model of the temperature fluid field of the transformer, further combining the environmental temperature, calculating to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell, wherein the specific calculation method of the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient h is as follows:
q＝h·(Tw-Ta)
in the formula: q is the heat flow on the transformer case, TwFor the temperature of the transformer case, TaThe temperature of the external environment of the transformer.
The method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer shell in the multi-physical-field calculation of the transformer is further improved, and the three-dimensional model comprises an iron core, a winding, an internal structural component, an oil tank and the peripheral air of the transformer.
In step S1, when building the geometric model of the transformer, the windings on the high and low voltage sides are replaced by cylindrical windings, and the following assumptions are made: the heat source in the winding generates heat uniformly; the material properties of each part in the geometric model comprise the density, specific heat capacity, viscosity, heat conductivity and the like of the transformer core 1, the winding, the internal structural part, the oil tank and the air material at the periphery of the transformer, and the influence of temperature on the material parameters is considered in the material property setting.
In step S5, a further improvement of the method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer shell in the multi-physical field calculation of the transformer is that: when the convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell is calculated by combining the simulation result of the temperature fluid field of the transformer, firstly, the unit where the transformer shell is intersected with the external air layer is extracted, the temperature and heat flow distribution on the unit are extracted, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the unit is further obtained, and finally, the units on the selected interface on the shell are integrated, and the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient on the corresponding surface is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the method establishes a three-dimensional model of the transformer containing an external air layer, and determines the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the complex shell of the transformer by solving a three-dimensional temperature fluid field of the transformer;
(2) the calculation is simple, the error of an analytic formula is avoided, the precision is high, the efficiency is high, and the method is practical and feasible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic flow of the process for carrying out the invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional finite element model of a transformer according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transformer case mesh subdivision involved in the method of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transformer internal winding and iron core mesh subdivision included in the implementation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
As shown in fig. 1, a specific process for determining the shell convective heat transfer coefficient in the multi-physical field calculation of the transformer can be applied to the determination of the shell convective heat transfer coefficient of a transformer of 10kV or more, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1: as shown in fig. 2, 3, and 4, in combination with the transformer under study, a three-dimensional model including a peripheral air bag of the transformer is established, and material properties of each component in the model are set in analysis software: the method comprises the steps of determining size parameters of structures such as the transformer iron core 1, a winding, an internal structural part and an oil tank according to actual design drawing information, further establishing a three-dimensional simulation analysis model comprising the structures such as the transformer iron core 1, the winding, the internal structural part, the oil tank and a transformer peripheral air bag, and setting material attributes of all parts of the model according to actual material parameters of all parts of the structure.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1.1, establishing an iron core, a winding, an internal metal structural part, an oil tank and a three-dimensional model; the winding is equivalent to a cylindrical winding. Structural components with small influence on the distribution of the temperature fluid field of the transformer, such as winding leads, are ignored. Establishing an air layer outside the model as a boundary, and wrapping the model in the air layer;
in particular, in the present application, the heat source inside the winding is regarded as uniform heating during the calculation process; the material properties of each part in the geometric model comprise the density, specific heat capacity, viscosity, heat conductivity and the like of the transformer core 1, the winding, the internal structural part, the oil tank and the air material at the periphery of the transformer, and the influence of temperature on the material parameters is considered in the material property setting.
Step 2: and (4) subdividing the model by adopting a mesh with matched tetrahedron and hexahedron.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and (3) subdividing complex structures such as a transformer shell, an internal metal structural part and the like by using a tetrahedron, subdividing regular structures such as a transformer winding and the like by using a hexahedral mesh, and obtaining the whole subdivided mesh of the transformer with the tetrahedron and the hexahedron matched with each other.
And step 3: and setting loss distribution on the windings, the iron cores, the metal structural members in the transformer and the metal box body, and boundary conditions of the external environment.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining total loss under the rated condition of the transformer by combining the no-load loss and the load loss of the transformer, and determining the loss distribution on the winding of the transformer by combining the number of turns of the high-low voltage winding of the transformer, the direct-current resistance and the rated current; calculating by using the electromagnetic field of the transformer under the rated condition to obtain the magnetic flux leakage distribution on the metal structural part and the box body in the transformer, obtain the eddy current density J and the like, and obtain the eddy current loss P on the metal structural part and the box body in the transformereCan be calculated by the formula:
in the formula: j is the eddy current density, v is the divided mesh volume, and σ is the conductivity; loading the ambient temperature on the outer layer of the transformer external ambient air bag as a boundary condition; in the present application, it is preferable to load the ambient temperature on the outer layer of the air bag of the transformer external environment as a boundary condition.
And 4, step 4: and (3) performing simulation calculation on the temperature fluid field of the transformer by adopting a finite volume method to obtain the distribution of the temperature field of the transformer and the distribution of heat flow of the shell of the transformer.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: combining the established three-dimensional model containing the peripheral air bag of the transformer, performing simulation calculation on the temperature fluid field of the transformer by adopting a finite volume method, wherein the temperature fluid field control process comprises a mass conservation equation, a momentum conservation equation and an energy conservation equation, and obtaining the distribution of the temperature field of the transformer and the distribution of the heat flow of the shell of the transformer in post-processing after solving; wherein the mass conservation equation, the momentum conservation equation and the energy conservation equation are respectively as follows:
and 5: and calculating to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell by combining the temperature of the transformer shell, the temperature of the external environment and the obtained heat flow distribution of the transformer shell.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: after obtaining the temperature distribution of the transformer shell and the heat flow distribution on the box body of the transformer shell based on the solving model of the temperature fluid field of the transformer, calculating to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient h of the transformer shell by combining the environment temperature and the following formula;
q＝h·(Tw-Ta)
in the formula: q is the heat flow on the transformer case, TwFor the temperature of the transformer case, TaThe temperature of the external environment of the transformer.
Particularly, when the convection heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell is calculated by combining the simulation result of the temperature fluid field of the transformer, firstly, a unit of the boundary between the transformer shell and an external air layer is extracted, the temperature and heat flow distribution on the unit are extracted, the convection heat transfer coefficient of the unit is further obtained, and finally, the units on the selected interface on the shell are integrated, and the equivalent convection heat transfer coefficient on the corresponding surface is obtained.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some detail by way of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be limited only by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of an outer shell in the multi-physical-field calculation of a transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional model containing a peripheral air bag of the transformer, and setting material properties of each component in the model in finite element analysis software: determining the size parameters of a transformer iron core, a winding, an internal structural part and an oil tank, establishing a three-dimensional simulation analysis model comprising the transformer iron core, the winding, the internal structural part, the oil tank and a transformer peripheral air bag, and setting the material properties of each part of the three-dimensional simulation analysis model according to the actual material parameters of each part of the structure;
s2, subdividing the three-dimensional simulation analysis model by using a mesh with matched tetrahedrons and hexahedrons: dividing the complex structure by using a tetrahedron, and dividing the regular structure by using a hexahedral mesh to obtain an integral transformer divided mesh with the tetrahedron and the hexahedron matched with each other;
the complex structure at least comprises a transformer shell and an internal metal structural part; the regular structure comprises at least a transformer winding;
s3, setting loss distribution on the windings, the iron cores and the internal metal structural parts of the transformer and the metal box body, and the boundary conditions of the external environment: obtaining total loss of the transformer under rated conditions by combining no-load loss and load loss of the transformer, determining loss distribution on the transformer winding by combining turns of high and low voltage windings of the transformer, direct current resistance and rated current, and obtaining leakage flux distribution on a metal structural part and a box body in the transformer by calculating by using an electromagnetic field of the transformer under rated conditions to obtain eddy current density J and eddy current loss P on the metal structural part and the box body in the transformereCalculated by the following formula:
in the formula: j is the eddy current density, v is the divided mesh volume, and σ is the conductivity; loading the ambient temperature on the outer layer of the transformer external ambient air bag as a boundary condition;
s4, carrying out simulation calculation on the transformer temperature fluid field by adopting a finite volume method to obtain the distribution of the transformer temperature field and the distribution of the transformer shell heat flow: combining the established three-dimensional simulation analysis model containing the peripheral air bag of the transformer, performing simulation calculation on the temperature fluid field of the transformer by adopting a finite volume method, wherein a temperature fluid field control equation is expressed by the following three formulas, namely a mass conservation equation, a momentum conservation equation and an energy conservation equation:
in the formula, f is fluid volume force, q is a volume heat source of the fluid, rho is fluid density, v is fluid flow rate, p is fluid pressure, mu is dynamic viscosity of the fluid, e is internal energy of the fluid, k is a heat conductivity coefficient of the fluid, and the mechanical energy of the fluid is converted into heat energy under the combined action of the S oil viscosity and the internal heat source of the fluid;
after the solution is solved, the distribution of the temperature field of the transformer and the distribution of the heat flow of the shell of the transformer can be obtained in the post-treatment;
s5, calculating to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell by combining the temperature of the transformer shell, the temperature of the external environment and the obtained heat flow distribution of the transformer shell: after obtaining the temperature distribution of the transformer shell and the heat flow distribution on the box body of the transformer shell based on the solving model of the temperature fluid field of the transformer, calculating to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer shell by combining the environmental temperature, wherein the specific calculation method of the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient h is as follows:
q＝h·(Tw-Ta)
in the formula: q is the heat flow on the transformer case, TwFor the temperature of the transformer case, TaThe temperature of the external environment of the transformer.
2. The method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer shell in the multi-physical-field calculation of the transformer as recited in claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional model in the step S1 comprises an iron core, a winding, an internal structural part, an oil tank and air around the transformer;
in the step S1: when a geometric model of the transformer is established, the windings on the high voltage side and the low voltage side are replaced by cylindrical windings, and the following assumptions are made: the heat source in the winding generates heat uniformly;
the material properties of the components include: the density, specific heat capacity, viscosity and thermal conductivity of the transformer core, the winding, the internal structural part, the oil tank and the air material around the transformer are set, and the influence of temperature on material parameters is considered during material attribute setting.
3. The method for determining the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer shell in the multi-physical-field calculation of the transformer as recited in claim 1, wherein:
in step S5, when the convective heat transfer coefficient of the transformer case is calculated by combining the simulation result of the transformer temperature fluid field, the unit where the transformer case is located with the external air layer is extracted, the temperature and heat flow distribution on the unit are extracted, and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the unit is obtained, and finally the units on the selected interface on the case are integrated to obtain the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient on the corresponding surface.
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| CN113553743A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-26 | 西安西电变压器有限责任公司 | Equivalent calculation method and device for magnetostrictive characteristic of transformer core joint |
| CN113657001A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-16 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Optimal design method and system for Box-in structure converter transformer ventilation structure |
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| CN113553743A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-26 | 西安西电变压器有限责任公司 | Equivalent calculation method and device for magnetostrictive characteristic of transformer core joint |
| CN113553743B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-08-11 | 西安西电变压器有限责任公司 | Equivalent calculation method and device for magnetostriction characteristics of transformer core joints |
| CN113657001A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-16 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Optimal design method and system for Box-in structure converter transformer ventilation structure |
| CN113805492A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-17 | 北京市地铁运营有限公司供电分公司 | Digital twin multi-physical-domain simulation design method for urban rail power supply system |
| CN113805492B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2024-03-29 | 北京市地铁运营有限公司供电分公司 | Digital twin multi-physical-domain simulation design method for urban rail power supply system |
| CN113945814A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | GIL insulator internal temperature field online monitoring method |
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Inventor after: Zhang Jian Inventor after: Li Sen Inventor after: Liu Zhenhu Inventor after: Han Feng Inventor after: Zhang Rui Inventor after: Hou Wen Inventor after: Li Yuqi Inventor after: Song Shizhan Inventor after: Hu Yuyao Inventor after: Xian Richang Inventor after: Liu Yujiao Inventor after: Wang Kun Inventor after: Kang Wenwen Inventor after: Dai Ergang Inventor after: Yang Fengwen Inventor before: Zhang Jian Inventor before: Li Sen Inventor before: Liu Zhenhu Inventor before: Han Feng Inventor before: Zhang Rui Inventor before: Hou Wen Inventor before: Li Yuqi Inventor before: Hu Yuyao Inventor before: Song Shizhan Inventor before: Xian Richang Inventor before: Liu Yujiao Inventor before: Wang Kun Inventor before: Kang Wenwen Inventor before: Dai Ergang Inventor before: Yang Fengwen |