CN112763914A - Method for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit - Google Patents
Method for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112763914A CN112763914A CN202011224136.2A CN202011224136A CN112763914A CN 112763914 A CN112763914 A CN 112763914A CN 202011224136 A CN202011224136 A CN 202011224136A CN 112763914 A CN112763914 A CN 112763914A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A method for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit is described, comprising the steps of: a) providing a reference model of the electrical energy storage unit, which describes a relationship between a state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit, a temperature of the electrical energy storage unit and at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit; b) acquiring a temperature of the electrical energy storage unit; c) obtaining at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit using the detected current and/or voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit; d) the state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit is determined by means of the reference model as a function of the determined temperature and the determined at least one aging characteristic value. Furthermore, a corresponding device, a corresponding electrical energy storage system, a corresponding computer program, and a corresponding machine-readable storage medium are described.
Description
Technical Field
The invention proceeds from a method for determining the state of an electrical energy storage unit.
Background
During the increasing electrification of vehicles in particular, electrical energy storage units are becoming increasingly important. In this case there are different levels of electrification. For example, there are purely electrically driven vehicles and vehicles with an internal combustion engine, for which the electric machine only temporarily assumes the drive of the vehicle or assists the internal combustion engine. These different forms of electrification have typically different voltage levels and different technical solutions of the energy storage units of the electricity used.
In future battery-operated mobile power machines (battery-electric mobile arbeitmaschines), in particular in excavators or wheel loaders, in addition to sufficient energy for the driving drive, sufficient energy for the power process is also necessary. Accordingly, the state of charge (SOC value) of the battery should be able to be determined accurately, so that an anchoring of the work machine in difficult-to-pass zones or an abrupt ending of the work process is avoided.
The electric bus should also not be stranded on the journey because of the inaccurate SOC value and thus inaccurate range measurement. It is therefore important to determine the state of charge accurately.
Inaccuracies in the state of charge are manifested in a wrong range or a wrong operating duration. For safety reasons, this time or the range is calculated too short, since the calculation is not always based on actually measured values, but also on partially estimated values, so that an anchoring or stopping of work is avoided. The driving range or the work time is not utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
A method for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit is disclosed with the features of the independent claim.
For this purpose, a reference model is provided, which describes a relationship between the state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit, the temperature of the electrical energy storage unit and at least one first aging characteristic of the electrical energy storage unit. This can take place, for example, in the form of a so-called Lookup table (Lookup-Tabelle) or else in the form of a network of neurons having the corresponding connections. For example, a mathematical reference model is therefore involved. The corresponding values and/or parameters of the model can be obtained, for example, by tests carried out in a laboratory under controlled conditions.
Furthermore, a temperature of the electrical energy storage unit and at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit are detected, wherein the detection of the at least one first aging characteristic value is carried out by means of the detected current and/or voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit. The aging characteristic value can be an absolute value, for example a current resistance value; or it can be a relative value, such as the current resistance value in relation to the reference resistance value.
The state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit is determined using the reference model, which describes exactly the respective relationship between the values mentioned, as a function of the determined temperature and the determined at least one first aging characteristic value.
This method is advantageous because the accuracy of the state of charge acquisition or the accuracy of the state of charge acquired is thereby increased. This prevents accidental, sudden failure of a vehicle, for example, in which the electrical energy storage unit is installed.
Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
Advantageously, the step of obtaining the at least one first aging characteristic value includes obtaining at least one electrical resistance value of the electrical energy storage unit. Additionally or alternatively, at least one capacity value of the electrical energy storage unit can be determined. This is advantageous because both values can be derived from the detected current and/or voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit and can furthermore be easily described in the reference model. This makes easy implementation of the method possible.
Advantageously, the correction factor for the determined state of charge is determined as a function of a difference between the determined first aging characteristic of the electrical energy storage unit and a second aging characteristic of the electrical energy storage unit determined from the reference model. In this case, the second aging characteristic value is obtained from the reference model as a function of the obtained temperature and the obtained state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit. The acquired state of charge is then adapted according to the correction factor, wherein the adapted state of charge in turn causes a change in a second aging characteristic value acquired from the reference model. This is advantageous because, as a result, the accuracy of the state of charge determination process (die genauigkeiter ladezstandsbestimming) is increased and this accuracy is achieved more quickly. This means that more accurate state of charge values are obtained more quickly. The existing methods for obtaining state of charge can also be easily extended by the described methods, so that the disclosed methods are easily implemented and realized.
Advantageously, the second aging characteristic value is adapted continuously by means of a regulating technical structure of an observer. This is advantageous because, as a result, convergence of the acquired state of charge towards the actual state of charge is achieved.
Advantageously, the acquired state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit is stored in a non-volatile memory. The state of charge stored in this way is reloaded from the non-volatile memory when required and can be used to initialize the described method. This is advantageous because, as a result, the current and very accurate value of the state of charge is not lost, but is available again when the method is restarted. Therefore, the accuracy of the state of charge measurement process is improved.
Advantageously, the disclosed method steps are performed continuously. This is advantageous because, on the one hand, a convergence of the acquired state of charge towards a "true" state of charge is achieved, and, on the other hand, there is always a current and accurate state of charge value which can be used for functions established on this basis, such as power prediction.
The subject matter of the present disclosure is furthermore a device for determining a state of an electrical energy storage unit, wherein the device comprises at least one device, in particular an electronic battery management controller, wherein the device is provided to carry out the disclosed steps of the method. The advantages mentioned can thus be achieved. The at least one device can include, for example, a battery management controller and a current sensor and/or a voltage sensor and/or a temperature sensor. An electronic control unit can also be such a device. An electronic control unit can be understood in particular as an electronic control unit that includes, for example, a microcontroller and/or application-specific hardware modules (e.g., ASICs), but also personal computers or programmable logic controllers (speichrogrammer electronics stauerung) can belong to this electronic control unit.
Furthermore, the subject matter of the present disclosure is an electrical energy storage system comprising at least one electrical energy storage unit and the described device. The advantages mentioned can thus be achieved.
Furthermore, the subject of the present disclosure is a computer program arranged to perform the steps of the disclosed method. The advantages mentioned can thus be achieved.
Furthermore, the subject matter of the present disclosure is a machine-readable storage medium on which the disclosed computer program is stored. The advantages mentioned can thus be achieved.
An electrical energy storage unit can be understood to mean, in particular, an electrochemical battery cell and/or a battery module with at least one electrochemical battery cell and/or a battery pack with at least one battery module. For example, the electrical energy storage unit can be a lithium-based battery cell or a lithium-based battery module or a lithium-based battery pack. In particular, the electrical energy storage unit can be a lithium-ion battery cell or a lithium-ion battery module or a lithium-ion battery pack. Furthermore, the battery cells of the type in question can be lithium polymer batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, lead-acid batteries, lithium air batteries or lithium sulfur batteries or, very generally, batteries of any electrochemical composition.
Drawings
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained further in the following description.
The figures show:
FIG. 1: a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2: a schematic illustration of the disclosed method according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 3: a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a third embodiment; and is
FIG. 4: a schematic illustration of the disclosed electrical energy storage system according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same apparatus components or to the same method steps.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a first embodiment for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit. In particular, in a first step S11, a mathematical reference model of the electrical energy storage unit is provided, which describes a relationship between the state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit, the temperature of the electrical energy storage unit and at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit. The reference model can already be acquired here before the progress of the disclosed method.
In a second step S12, the temperature of the electrical energy storage unit is detected, for example by a temperature sensor mounted on the electrical energy storage unit. The temperature of the electrical energy storage unit is therefore available. The location at which the temperature test is carried out plays a secondary role, as long as the temperature acquisition of the electrical energy storage unit for the reference model and the temperature acquisition described above take place at the same location, either on or in the electrical energy storage unit. It is also possible to perform the scaling at different test locations.
In a third step S13, at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit is determined using the detected current and/or voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit.
In a fourth step S14, the state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit is then determined from the determined temperature and the determined at least one aging characteristic value using the reference model.
The order of the individual method steps can also be selected differently. For example, the aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit can first be determined and then the temperature of the electrical energy storage unit can be determined.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the disclosed method according to a second embodiment for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit. The method is illustrated here by means of a diagram, which schematically depicts the signal flow between the individual method steps.
Here, the functional Block (Block) 21 is shown twice in order to illustrate the process and signal flow within the functional Block 21. A mathematical reference model of the electrical energy storage unit is provided in block 22. In addition, in functional block 22, an internal resistance value Ri _ calc is determined from the detected current and voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit as a characteristic aging value of the electrical energy storage unit. In the functional block 22, a state of charge value SOC _ calc is also determined from the temperature T of the electrical energy storage unit and the determined internal resistance value Ri _ calc by means of the reference model, the values mentioned entering the functional block 21. In the function block 21, a difference value is calculated from the internal resistance value Ri _ calc and the further obtained internal resistance value. The difference is used in block 23 to derive a correction factor for the state of charge from the difference. In the functional block 23, the acquired state of charge SOC _ calc is also adapted according to the correction factor and an adapted state of charge SOC _ SOH is derived. The adapted state of charge SOC SOH is dependent on an aging characteristic value obtained from the reference model and can furthermore be used in further functions or methods, for example for power prediction. The adapted state of charge SOC SOH is also used in block 24 to obtain a further internal resistance value using the reference model and the temperature T, which is then used in the difference calculation described above. Since in the usual case new voltage, current and temperature values are continuously obtained, the described steps are continuously carried out.
Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of the disclosed method according to a third embodiment for determining the state of charge. In a first step S31, a reference model of the electrical energy storage unit is provided, which describes a relationship between a state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit, a temperature of the electrical energy storage unit, and at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit.
In a second step S32, a first resistance value is determined as a first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit using the measured current and voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit.
In a third step S33, the temperature of the electrical energy storage unit is measured, for example by means of a temperature sensor mounted on the electrical energy storage unit.
In a fourth step S34, the state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit is determined using the reference model as a function of the measured temperature and the determined first resistance value.
In a fifth step S35, a correction factor for the state of charge is obtained based on the difference between the obtained first resistance value and the obtained second resistance value from the reference model. In this case, the second resistance value is determined from the reference model as a function of the determined state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit and the measured temperature. Thus, a difference is formed between a first resistance value obtained directly from the measured value and a second resistance value obtained indirectly from the reference model.
In a sixth step S36, the state of charge acquired in the fourth step S34 is adapted according to the correction coefficient. In this case, the adapted state of charge in turn causes a change in the second resistance value obtained from the reference model.
The state of charge adapted in the sixth step S36 can then be used to operate the electrical energy storage unit, for example in the context of a component (leistungselektronischer Bauteil) that operates a power electronics system, for example an inverter. Likewise, use in power prediction within a battery management controller is also contemplated.
Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic representation of the disclosed electrical energy storage system 40 according to an embodiment. The device 42 for determining the state, which comprises a device provided for carrying out the method according to the invention, receives the current and/or voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit 41. The device 42 can comprise a corresponding detection device or sensor itself, or can be transmitted, for example, to obtain corresponding measurement data. The device 42 can then use the state of charge obtained in the context of the disclosed method to control a component 43, for example a power electronics component, for example an inverter.
Claims (10)
1. Method for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a reference model of the electrical energy storage unit, which describes a relationship between a state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit, a temperature of the electrical energy storage unit and at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit;
b) acquiring a temperature of the electrical energy storage unit;
c) obtaining the at least one first aging characteristic value of the electrical energy storage unit using the detected current and/or voltage values of the electrical energy storage unit;
d) the state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit is determined by means of the reference model as a function of the determined temperature and the determined at least one aging characteristic value.
2. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the step of obtaining said at least one first aging characteristic value comprises:
e) obtaining at least one electrical resistance value of the electrical energy storage unit;
and/or
f) At least one capacity value of the electrical energy storage unit is obtained.
3. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising:
g) obtaining a correction factor for the state of charge from a difference between the obtained first aging characteristic of the electrical energy storage unit and a second aging characteristic of the electrical energy storage unit obtained from the reference model, wherein the second aging characteristic is obtained from the reference model from the obtained temperature and the obtained state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit,
h) the obtained state of charge is adapted according to the correction factor, wherein the adapted state of charge in turn causes a change in a second aging characteristic value obtained from the reference model.
4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the second aging characteristic value is adapted continuously by means of a regulating technical structure of an observer.
5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising:
i) storing the acquired state of charge of the electrical energy storage unit in a non-volatile memory;
j) loading the stored state of charge from the non-volatile memory.
6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method steps are performed continuously in order to always obtain the current state of charge.
7. An apparatus for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage cell, comprising at least one device, in particular an electronic battery management controller, which is provided for carrying out the steps of the method according to one of claims 1 to 6.
8. An electrical energy storage system comprising at least one electrical energy storage unit and an apparatus according to claim 7.
9. A computer program arranged to perform all the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. A machine-readable storage medium on which a computer program according to claim 9 is stored.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019217067.6 | 2019-11-06 | ||
| DE102019217067 | 2019-11-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112763914A true CN112763914A (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011224136.2A Pending CN112763914A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2020-11-05 | Method for determining the state of charge of an electrical energy storage unit |
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| CN (1) | CN112763914A (en) |
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2020
- 2020-11-05 CN CN202011224136.2A patent/CN112763914A/en active Pending
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