CN1127630C - 带有位移传感器的传动变速装置 - Google Patents

带有位移传感器的传动变速装置 Download PDF

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CN1127630C
CN1127630C CN97117954A CN97117954A CN1127630C CN 1127630 C CN1127630 C CN 1127630C CN 97117954 A CN97117954 A CN 97117954A CN 97117954 A CN97117954 A CN 97117954A CN 1127630 C CN1127630 C CN 1127630C
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coil
nut
screw mandrel
speed change
signal
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CN1177068A (zh
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J·L·卡尔彭特尔
M·L·兰丁
M·J·胡金斯
D·L·瓦达斯
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Eaton Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/32Electric motors actuators or related electrical control means therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/68Inputs being a function of gearing status
    • F16H59/70Inputs being a function of gearing status dependent on the ratio established
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/16Ratio selector position
    • B60W2540/165Rate of change
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H2061/2884Screw-nut devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10S74/07Indicators-sensors and meters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19251Control mechanism

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
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Abstract

一种组合装置,它包括有丝杆和螺母变速传动装置以及螺母传感系统,所述的传动装置包括一个可控电机,该电机与磁性丝杆轴向固接,螺母在丝杆上轴向移动,其相对丝杆有二个或多个独立的轴向变速位置,所述的传感器可提供输出信号,其信号的大小或信号大小的变化率能反映出所述螺母的变速位置,所述的传感器包括一个带孔的多绕组线圈,所述的丝杆一部分穿过所述的线圈孔,隔绝磁力的筒形轴套与螺母一起移动,并独立的测出与所述孔相关的位置,对于各种独立的变速位置,无论丝杆整个或部分放入线圈孔内,至少测出一个独立的位置。

Description

带有位移传感器的传动变速装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种传动变速装置及传感系统,该传感系统用于测量在各种传动比状态下,变速装置的部件或多个部件与之相应的位置,并输出表示其特征的信号。特别是涉及一种与非接触式传感系统结合的传动变速装置,用传感器测定一个或多个变速部件的轴向和/或旋转方向的位置,并提供一个或多个表示其特征的信号。
背景技术
在现有技术中,车辆采用手动和全自动或半自动机械传动系统是众所周知的。在此,参考已公开的美国专利:4595986号;4754665号;4850236号;4974468号;5390561号;5435219号;5441463号;5489247号;及5506771号。
车辆的手动和自动机械传动变速装置通常由一个或多个可轴向移动的平行的换挡杆构成换档系统,对于单个轴的变速装置和/或组合的x-y变速装置,换档杆可作轴向和旋转方向移动。在此,结合参考已公开的美国专利,4873881号;4899607号;4920815号;4945484号;5315218号及5481170号。
尤其对于全自动或半自动机械传动系统,根据传动变速装置的位置及别的条件,常常需要测得连接和/或选择的传动比,才能达到有效的控制。
现行的测量变速装置的位置的设备不完全令人满意。因为它们是接触式的,性能不可靠,而且成本高。因此,为了跟踪测量变速装置部件的轴向或旋转方向的位置,需要和/或安装和/或运用非接触式传感器。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点,本发明介绍的变速装置包括结构简单,成本低的非接触式传感器,该传感系统能输出信号,信号的大小及其变化率能清楚的表现所测变速装置的轴向或旋转方向的位置,其所测位置至少两个,最好是三个或更多,所述的每一个位置都对应一种连接或所选的传动状态。
采用线圈则能够实现上述的测量,因为所测变速装置的部件的轴向和/或旋转方向的位移都将引起线圈内磁通量的变化。该线圈按已知电压进行周期性地充电和放电。线圈的放电率或充电减弱与线圈内的磁通量成比例。因此,在给定时间,测出线圈充电后的电压或电压的充电率,则可以测出所测变速装置的部件的位置。
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的改进的传动变速装置与位移传感系统。
本发明所述的及其它的目的和优点通过下面详细介绍连同参考附图将一清二楚。
附图说明
图1是本发明的第一个实施例的示意图。
图2是图1中位移传感系统的输出信号的曲线图。
图3A是本发明第二实施例的x-y变速装置的y-y部分的局部剖视图。
图3B是图3A所示本发明第二实施例的x-y变速装置的x-x部分的局部剖视图。
图4与图2相似,是图3A,3B中传感系统的输出信号的曲线图。
图5A是本发明的第三个实施例,用于单轴变速装置的轴向和旋转方向的位置的轴向位移传感器的示意图。
图5B是图5A所示传感器的三个旋转位置的示意图。
图6A、6B是图5A、5B所示传感器的局部剖示图。
具体实施方式
图1、图2是本发明所述的传动变速装置和位移传感系统的示意图。所测传动变速装置的部件为图示轴10,轴10上装有拨叉12,拨叉12可作轴向移动,使离合器有三个档位(图中未显示)即高档(H)、中档(N)或低档(L)。所述轴10和拨叉12由活塞装置14进行轴向定位,该活塞装置由压力缸16和活塞22构成,活塞22滑动地封在压力缸16中,并将其分为第一腔18、第二腔20。活塞22与轴10整体地和/或轴向固定连接。
阀门机构24分别使压力缸的两腔18、20连接压力流体源(S)或溢流口(EX)。这种一般类型的变速驱动装置在现有技术中是众所周知的,在此参考已公开的美国专利:4928544号;5222404号;5224392号;和5231895号。阀门机构24可以包括一个或多个电磁控制阀或类似物,如脉冲脉宽调制式控制器,尤其是设置拨叉12的中档位。换句话说,这种型式的控制器,在前面所述的美国专利申请号08/649827一文中已详细介绍过。
控制阀机构24可以提供输入信号和响应来自微处理机26的指令的输出信号而运行,微处理机26接收输入信号28,经过预定的逻辑运算发出控制信号30,控制各个系统驱动器如阀门机构24,这类控制器在已知技术中是公知的,在此,参考已公开的美国专利:4361060号;和4595986号。
在图1中,变速部件或轴10,在其左端32应是导磁的磁性材料,如钢或类似物。轴10通常与电磁线圈36的内孔34同轴,且其外径38比线圈内孔34的内径40小,故在轴穿过时与线圈不产生接触。
当拨叉12处于中档位时,轴10的左端32位于图1中位置42处,当拨叉12分别处于高档和低档时,轴端则相位的位于虚线所示的位置44和46处。
电压调节和测量器48即提供信号也接受来自处理机26的指令信号。该电压调节和测量器48能有效地控制线圈的预定充电电压和测量电压降,或者控制通过线圈导线50和52的电流量,并提供表示其特征的输出信号给控制单元。电压调节和测量器48与电源连接(未显示)。
在典型的例子中,如重负载传动,轴10的直径38可以是5/8英寸,孔34的内径约为7/8至1英寸,孔34的长度54约1至5/4英寸。线圈36的绕线56为铜线,如32号铜线,且为多绕组,如3000匝,可达到160欧姆直流电阻。上述的范围及详述仅是一个实施例,本发明的范围不只限于此。
在工作中,为了提供表示拨叉12的轴向位置的信号,电压调节和测量器48使线圈36周期性地充电和放电,然后定期测量导线50和52中的电压降。如众所周知,导线内的放电率或电压降与孔34中磁性材料的延伸长度成正比。据此,拨叉12在低档位比在中档位,线圈绕线的电压降比率更大。而拨叉12在中档位比在高档位,线圈绕线的电压降比率更大。
根据已知的基本关系,可得出下列公式:
              T=L/R
              L=N2/R知
              VDECAYRATE=(VINITIAL -t)/T式中:
t=时间
T=L/R
R=磁阻
L=电感
N=线圈的匝数
VDECAYRATE=线圈放电率;
VINITIAL=线圈的初始电压。
参照附图2,是线圈绕线的电压降示意图,线60表示拨叉在高档位时预期的电压降曲线,线62表示拨叉在中档位时预期的电压降曲线,线64表示拨叉在低档位时预期的电压降曲线。在实际情况下,电压值并不像图2所示的成线性。为了测定拨叉12的位置,在线圈开始放电后,在预定的时间记录下线圈的电压值,然后与它们的预期值60A,62A和64A比较,和/或测出绕线50和52的放电率。另外,上述的这种方法可以精确的测出变速轴的位置,用线圈充电的方法也可以测出拨叉的位置,例如,充电电压为5伏,在2毫秒时间内,线圈可进行放电。
在优选实施例中,线圈放电,关断电压比较器,此电压比较器转换电压降的比率成为脉冲脉宽信号。脉冲宽度是实际上变化的高速输入微处理机的信号。
本发明的另一个实施例是采用电动机驱动x-y变速装置,如图3A,3B,4所示。采用液压和电机驱动x-y变速装置是已知技术,从美国专利:4873881号;4899607号;5315218号;和5481170号可看出。这些装置的目的在于移动变速杆。因此,首先在x-x方向或选择变速杆的操作方向使变速杆移动,然后在Y-Y方向或离合器的衔接或脱离方向使变速杆转动。
图示x-y变速装置100包括两个垂直部分,一个是Y-Y或啮合/脱离部分的截面图3A,另一个是x-x或选择部分104的截面图3B。在啮合部分102,电机106驱动丝杆108顺时针或逆时针转动,丝杆108上装有一个球形螺母110。变速杆112围绕枢轴114转动,并由于球形螺母110沿轴向左或向右移动,变速杆112的自由端相对y-y方向的轴向移动则产生弧形运动,并控制离合器啮合或脱离。在图3B中,第二个独立地可控制电机116驱动丝杆118,带动第二个球形螺母120作轴向移动与此同时,变速杆112也随之运动,变速杆选择三个位置中一个位置,即低档的啮合位置和反向位置(L/R),第二和第一速比为(2/1)的啮合位置,以及第四和第三速比为(4/3)的啮合位置。
每一个球形螺母110和120,都装有轴套,以隔离磁力线或屏蔽磁力,如铝轴套122和124,可分别作轴向移动,该轴套122和124的形状为套筒式,丝杆108和118可穿过轴套,而且在衔接时,该轴套不与线圈130和132的内孔126和128接触,所述线圈在结构和功能上与前面所述的线圈36相同。
简单地说,在线圈内孔增设插入的铝制轴套将有效地减弱磁力对丝杆的影响,在线圈的内孔存在有永磁场。因此,球形螺母的轴向位置者将通过线圈的信号大小或其充电和放电时电压降的比率表示出来。该线圈的作用与上述的线圈实质是相同的,随着屏蔽轴套插入线圈内孔的长度增加,线圈的电压降比率也随之增加。另外,参照图4,当变速杆112分别位于反向位置L/R、速比为2/1档及速比为4/3档时,线140、142和144表示线圈132相应的电压降曲线。参照图1、2所示传感系统,故球形螺母110和120的位置与变速杆112所选择的啮合位置相对应。因此,在给定时间使线圈放电,并测出其电压值,用所测电压值与预定的值140A,142A,或144A比较,由此可得出变速杆112的位置,或测出或计算出线圈瞬时的电压降的比率,也可以确定变速杆的位置。
本发明进一步所述的是单个轴变速装置,由图5A,5B,6A和6B可见,单轴变速装置在现有技术中是已知的,例如参照美国专利4920815号。在图示的单轴变速装置200中,变速轴202在变速箱内可轴向和旋转方向移动,轴上装有受变速控制的滑块204,滑块204可以与手动控制变速杆的端部,或者x-y高速机构的变速杆端部,或者类似物相配合。三个拨叉206,208或210,选择其一转动,则变速轴202的转动位置也就确定为三个位置之一。当选定各个档位,该所选拨叉则与变速轴固定连接,并与变速轴一起轴向移动,而未选的两个拨叉相对轴的轴向移动是自由的,但是相对传动箱而言这两个拨叉轴向是固定的。变速轴202的轴向移动将引起变速轴202、所选拨叉和离合控制器轴向移动,离合器按所选的速比啮合和脱离。因此,在单轴变速传动装置中,测量变速轴的轴向和旋转方向的位置是有必要的。
在实施例200中,至少变速轴202的尾端212是磁性的材料,并且与线圈216的内孔214同轴,线圈216的结构和功能与前面所述的线圈36实质上是相同的,轴202的尾端212的外径比线圈孔的内径小。因此,在两者衔接和/或尾端穿过线圈时,是非接触式的。
图示位置218是轴202在中位时其尾端212的位置,图示虚线位置220和222则分别是拨叉在第4、第2或低速比连接位置或第3、第1或反向速比连接位置时,轴端所对应的位置。
进一步参照图5B,可见,在轴202的尾端212装一个可滑动、套装的衬圈230,该衬圈上有沿径延长的翼片232,而在轴上有一个与翼片相衔接的轴向延长槽234,翼片232与槽234衔接,使轴202能相对衬圈230作轴向移动,这时衬圈230又能随轴旋转。衬圈230上有一个普通的弧形延长臂234,由径向向外延伸的薄片235把延长臂234与衬圈230固接,该薄片235延长至弧形臂外径。由图5B所示,第二线圈236规定其内孔238与衬圈230的弧形臂234为可调的非接触式衔接。因此,在这里,变速轴202的转动位置与衬圈230的转动位置是不变的,为了测定变速轴202的旋转位置,轴线240应使线圈236的取向与弧形臂234的轨迹相平行。第二线圈236的构造和功能与前面所述的线圈34和216实质是相同的。当然,线圈236须定位,以免干扰变速轴202及别的附件的轴向和/或旋转方向的移动。
图6A、6B是图5A、5B所示的单轴变速测量装置的详细结构示意图。如图6B所示、电子连接器244的接头与两个线圈连接。
由此可见,本发明提供了一种新的改进的传动变速装置和用于该装置的非接触式,多位传感器。
虽然本发明已经作了相当详细的描述,但是,只要不违背本发明权利要求所规定的构思和范围,可进行各种更改。

Claims (3)

1、一种组合装置,它包括有丝杆和螺母变速传动装置以及螺母传感系统,所述的传动装置包括一个可控电机,该电机与磁性丝杆轴向固接,螺母在丝杆上轴向移动,其相对丝杆有二个或多个独立的轴向变速位置,所述的传感器可提供输出信号,其信号的大小或信号大小的变化率能反映出所述螺母的变速位置,所述的传感器包括一个带孔的多绕组线圈,所述的丝杆一部分穿过所述的线圈孔,隔绝磁力的筒形轴套与螺母一起移动,并独立的测出与所述孔相关的位置,对于各种独立的变速位置,无论丝杆整个或部分放入线圈孔内,至少测出一个独立的位置。
2、如权利要求1所述的组合装置,其特征是:还包括使所述的线圈可充电和放电的装置,当线圈放电时,测量其充电量,所述信号包括所测线圈的充电量或充电的变化率。
3、权利要求2所述的组合装置,其特征是:所述的螺母是球型螺母。
CN97117954A 1996-08-09 1997-08-09 带有位移传感器的传动变速装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1127630C (zh)

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US08/695,052 US5743143A (en) 1996-08-09 1996-08-09 Transmission shifting mechanism and position sensor

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