CN112761712A - Method for detecting small structure of coal face based on cross-layer extraction drilling - Google Patents
Method for detecting small structure of coal face based on cross-layer extraction drilling Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting a small structure of a coal face based on a cross-layer extraction borehole, which comprises the steps of firstly determining the horizontal position relation of a machine tunnel bottom suction lane, a middle bottom suction lane and an air tunnel bottom suction lane according to a lane plane layout diagram, and recording the elevation of each bottom suction lane; then collecting construction information of the cross-layer extraction drill holes of the 3 bottom extraction roadway constructions; then drawing a roadway section layout drawing vertical to the 3 bottom suction roadway directions according to the horizontal position and the elevation of each bottom suction roadway; then, drawing a construction track of each cross-layer extraction drill hole on the roadway arrangement profile map by combining the construction information of the cross-layer extraction drill holes; and finally, performing curve fitting on all the drilling coal-finding points and all the drilling coal-stopping points to obtain an actual boundary curve of the coal bed. The invention finally obtains the actual coal seam profile based on the cross-layer extraction drill hole, and can analyze the small structure of the coal face according to the actual coal seam profile, thereby improving the detection level of the small structure of the coal face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and particularly relates to a method for detecting a small structure of a coal face based on a cross-layer extraction drill hole.
Background
Along with the coal seam mining depth continuously increasing, coal seam gas pressure content, ground stress and ground temperature continuously increase, and in addition to the complex distribution of geological structure, coal mine gas dynamic disasters begin to develop towards many little tectonic areas gradually. This has raised new demands on the detection of small geological formations in coal mines. Specifically, the heterogeneity of the lithological distribution of the top floor of the coal seam is caused by the difference of the stratigraphic deposition, the coal seam is locally thickened or thinned or even fractured along with the softer rock stratum of the top floor under the action of the multi-stage tectonic stress, geological structures with different scales and sizes are formed, and generally, the surrounding area of a large geological structure is formed along with a small structure. And the accurate detection and treatment of the small structural areas of the outburst coal seams can become the focus of attention of the current coal mine gas outburst disaster prevention and treatment.
For the detection of small geological structures, the current geophysical prospecting level and geological prospecting holes are difficult to achieve accurate control, and the following defects exist: (1) the high-resolution three-dimensional seismic exploration adopted on the ground can find out faults with the fall of more than 5m and the flexure with the wave amplitude of more than 5m most precisely; (2) the reflected wave advanced detection is to determine the geological structure distribution according to the reflected wave of a square wave impedance interface in front of a working face, but whether the wave impedance interface exists in a coal seam thickening zone and a fault with the fall smaller than the coal thickness or not is questioned; (3) the transient electromagnetic method detection technology widely applied to hydrological exploration has similar problems on the detection of small structures; (4) the infinite electromagnetic wave perspective technology often has the defects that a large-area wide working surface cannot be effectively penetrated, the spatial resolution of a near-trend spread fault and a thin coal area is poor, and the like. Therefore, the geological detection means commonly used at present is relatively lack of the detection level of small structures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting a small structure of a coal face based on a cross-layer extraction borehole, which can finally obtain a profile of an actual coal bed in the process of accurately revealing the cross-layer extraction borehole, and analyze the small structure of the coal face according to the profile, thereby improving the detection level. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting a small structure of a coal face based on a cross-layer extraction borehole comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining horizontal position relations of a machine tunnel bottom suction tunnel, a middle bottom suction tunnel and an air tunnel bottom suction tunnel according to a tunnel plane layout drawing, and measuring and recording the elevation of each bottom suction tunnel;
step 2: collecting and recording construction information of each constructed layer-penetrating extraction drill hole of each bottom suction roadway;
and step 3: determining the vertical position of each bottom suction lane according to the elevation of each bottom suction lane; finally, establishing a roadway section view which is simultaneously vertical to the air roadway bottom suction roadway, the middle bottom suction roadway and the machine roadway bottom suction roadway by combining the horizontal position relation in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: establishing an ideal coal seam distribution diagram in a roadway profile according to the average coal thickness of a coal face, the inclination angle of the coal seam and the average distance between the coal seam and each bottom suction roadway, and finally obtaining a total profile comprising the roadway profile and the ideal coal seam distribution diagram;
and 5: according to the construction information of each extraction drilling process, establishing a drilling track of each extraction drilling process in the total profile; each drilling track comprises at least one drilling coal observing point and at least one drilling coal stopping point;
step 6: and performing curve fitting on all the drilling coal-finding points and all the drilling coal-stopping points to obtain an actual coal seam boundary curve.
Preferably, in step 2, the construction information of the borehole includes an opening position, a construction azimuth, a construction inclination angle and coal-through rock structure information.
Preferably, the coal-through rock structure information includes a rock section length and a coal section length.
Preferably, in step 5, the drilling trajectory further comprises a construction end point.
Preferably, along the drilling direction, the distance between the construction end point of each cross-layer extraction drill hole and the coal stopping point of the drill hole is not less than 2 m.
Preferably, in step 2, the number of collected cross-layer extraction drill holes is greater than 5 for each bottom suction roadway.
Preferably, the curve fitting is performed in step 6 using a mapping software.
Preferably, the step of analyzing the small structure distribution of the coal face further according to the profile acquired in step 6 specifically includes:
1) when two sections of coal seam penetrating conditions occur in the drilling track of a single cross-layer extraction drilling hole, the area is a small fault structure area;
2) when the distance H between the actual coal seam boundary curves is more than 1.2H0In time, the area is a coal seam thickening zone; wherein H0The average coal thickness of the coal face.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a method for constructing a small-structure actual profile of a working face by using construction information of a cross-layer extraction borehole. The method is simple to operate, can effectively probe the small structure of the working face, can realize the accuracy and the high efficiency of coal bed gas extraction, has practical guiding significance on the tunneling and the stoping of the working face, and has wide usability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drilling track of a cross-layer extraction drill hole of a machine lane bottom suction lane in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art opening position;
fig. 3 is a roadway plane layout diagram in the method for detecting a small structure of a coal face based on a cross-layer extraction borehole according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a general cross-sectional view including a profile of the roadway layout and a profile of the ideal coal seam in step 4;
FIG. 5 is a general cross-sectional view including all the drilling trajectories in step 5;
FIG. 6 is a general cross-sectional view including an actual coal seam boundary curve in step 6;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the analysis process of step 7;
fig. 8 is a sectional view of the coal face small formation distribution obtained in step 7.
The method comprises the following steps of 1-working face air way, 2-working face machine way, 3-coal mining working face, 4-air way bottom suction way, 5-middle bottom suction way, 6-machine way bottom suction way, 7-ideal coal bed, 8-drilling track, 9-actual coal bed boundary curve, 110-drilling coal-finding point, 111-drilling coal-stopping point, 10-coal bed thickening zone, 11-small fault zone and 12-opening position.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, it being understood that one skilled in the art may modify the invention herein described while still achieving the advantageous effects of the invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention.
A method for detecting a small structure of a coal face 3 based on a cross-layer extraction borehole comprises the following steps of:
step 1: in the outburst working face coal seam gas control, the air tunnel bottom suction lane 4, the middle bottom suction lane 5 and the machine tunnel bottom suction lane 6 are arranged in parallel, and the layer-penetrating extraction drill hole constructed upwards through the air tunnel bottom suction lane 4, the middle bottom suction lane 5 and the machine tunnel bottom suction lane 6 is completed.
Firstly, determining the horizontal position relation of an air tunnel bottom suction tunnel 4, a middle bottom suction tunnel 5 and a machine tunnel bottom suction tunnel 6 according to a tunnel plane layout diagram (shown in figure 3), and measuring and recording the elevations of the 3 bottom suction tunnels. Fig. 3 includes a face air lane 1 and a face machine lane 2.
Step 2: elevation of the center line of the bottom plate rock roadway of each bottom suction roadway, the opening position of a drilled hole, azimuth angle, inclination angle, coal-rock penetrating structure (rock + coal + rock) and coal-rock penetrating structure information are collected and extracted, and the information is shown in table 1.
Specifically, the construction information of the drill hole comprises an opening position 12, a construction azimuth angle, a construction inclination angle and coal rock penetrating structure information; the coal-through rock structure information comprises the length of a rock section and the length of a coal section.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art: the opening position 12 of the drill hole refers to the section position of the construction cross-layer extraction drill hole, such as: a cross-layer extraction drill hole is constructed at the position 450m outwards from the cutting hole of the machine roadway bottom suction roadway 6, so that the opening position 14 is the position 450m outwards from the cutting hole of the machine roadway bottom suction roadway 6, as shown in fig. 2.
Table 1 construction information table of 3 extraction drilling processes of bottom suction lane
As shown in fig. 1, an ideal coal seam 7 is taken as an example for explanation: the point a is the opening point of the drill hole, the point b is the drill hole coal observing point 110, the point c is the drill hole coal stopping point 111, and the point d is the construction end point of the drill hole. The construction inclination angle refers to an upward inclination angle of the drilling construction drilling machine relative to the horizontal; the beta angle is a construction inclination angle of drilling construction; the cross-layer coal-rock structure of the drill hole refers to the length information of the rock section and the coal section which are penetrated by the drill hole in the construction process (in the figure, /)ab、lcdIs the length of the rock segment,/bcIs the coal length).
In this embodiment, along the drilling track 8, the distance between the endpoint of each cross-cut extraction drill hole and the drill hole coal stopping point 111 is not less than 2m, so that all coal seam sections in the treatment area are ensured to be penetrated.
And step 3: determining the vertical position of each bottom suction lane according to the elevation of each bottom suction lane; and then establishing a roadway section layout A-A' which is simultaneously vertical to the air roadway bottom suction roadway 4, the middle bottom suction roadway 5 and the machine roadway bottom suction roadway 6 by combining the horizontal position relation in the step 1, as shown in figure 4.
And 4, step 4: average coal thickness H according to coal face 30The dip angle of the coal seam, and the average distance between the coal seam and each bottom suction roadway, an ideal coal seam distribution diagram is established in the roadway profile, and finally a total profile comprising the roadway profile and the ideal coal seam distribution is obtained, as shown in fig. 4.
In particular, the coal mine working face can be explored through earth prospecting drill holes before recoveryThe average coal thickness (H) of the working face is measured0) The dip angle of the coal bed and the average distance between the coal bed and each bottom suction lane.
And 5: according to the construction information of each cross-layer extraction borehole, establishing a borehole track 8 of each cross-layer extraction borehole in the total profile, and performing thickening representation on a coal section area of the borehole, wherein a point changed from a rock section to a coal section is called a borehole coal observing point 110, and a point changed from the coal section to the rock section is called a borehole coal stopping point 111; it can be seen from fig. 6 that the actual coal thickness distribution detected by the present invention is greatly deviated from the ideal coal thickness distribution.
Step 6: curve fitting is performed on all the drilling coal points 110 and all the drilling coal stopping points 111 to obtain an actual coal seam boundary curve 9, and finally a section including two actual coal seam boundary curves 9, an ideal coal seam distribution diagram, a roadway section and all the drilling tracks 8 is obtained, as shown in fig. 6.
Preferably, the two actual coal seam boundary curves 9, the ideal coal seam distribution diagram, the roadway profile and all the drilling tracks 8 are established by adopting CAD software.
Preferably, the curve fitting is performed using interpolation, i.e. using a non-uniform rational B-spline curve (NURBS).
And 7: and analyzing the small structure of the coal face according to the section diagram obtained in the step 6. The small formation includes a coal seam thickening zone 10 and a small fault zone 11, as shown in figure 8.
The analysis process is as follows: as shown in fig. 7, an auxiliary line l parallel to the plane of the ideal coal seam is made along the dip angle direction of the coal seam, a straight line perpendicular to the auxiliary line l is made between two actual coal seam boundary curves 9, two intersection points exist between the straight line and the two actual coal seam boundary curves 9, the distance between the two intersection points is H, and according to the structure condition of a cross-cut extraction drilled coal rock, the H and the average coal thickness H0The distance relation carries out accurate analysis on the small structure of the working face, and the basis for judging the small structure of the working face is as follows:
1) when two sections of coal seam penetrating conditions occur in a drilling path of a single cross-layer extraction drilling hole, the area is a small fault structure area. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, in one drilling track 8 in the small fault zone 11, 2 drilling holes are found in the coal points, namely, the two-section coal seam crossing condition occurs.
2) When the distance H between the two practical coal seam boundary curves 9 is more than 1.2H0Then the area is a coal seam thickening zone 10.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting a small structure of a coal face based on a cross-layer extraction borehole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining the horizontal position relation of a machine tunnel bottom suction tunnel, a middle bottom suction tunnel and an air tunnel bottom suction tunnel according to a tunnel plane layout drawing, and measuring and recording the elevation of each bottom suction tunnel;
step 2: collecting and recording construction information of each constructed layer-penetrating extraction drill hole of each bottom suction roadway;
and step 3: determining the vertical position of each bottom suction lane according to the elevation of each bottom suction lane; finally, establishing a roadway section view which is simultaneously vertical to the air roadway bottom suction roadway, the middle bottom suction roadway and the machine roadway bottom suction roadway by combining the horizontal position relation in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: establishing an ideal coal seam distribution diagram in a roadway profile according to the average coal thickness of a coal face, the inclination angle of the coal seam and the average distance between the coal seam and each bottom suction roadway, and finally obtaining a total profile comprising the roadway profile and the ideal coal seam distribution diagram;
and 5: according to the construction information of each extraction drilling process, establishing a drilling track of each extraction drilling process in the total profile; each drilling track comprises at least one drilling coal observing point and at least one drilling coal stopping point;
step 6: and performing curve fitting on all the drilling coal-finding points and all the drilling coal-stopping points to obtain an actual coal seam boundary curve.
2. The method for detecting the small structure of the coal face based on the cross-layer extraction borehole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the construction information of the borehole comprises an opening position, a construction azimuth angle, a construction inclination angle and coal-rock-penetrating structure information.
3. The method for detecting the small structure of the coal face based on the cross-layer extraction borehole according to claim 2, wherein the cross-coal rock structure information comprises a rock section length and a coal section length.
4. The method for detecting the small structure of the coal face based on the cross-layer extraction borehole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the borehole trajectory further comprises a construction end point.
5. The method for detecting the small structure of the coal face based on the cross-layer extraction borehole according to claim 4, characterized in that the distance between the construction end point of each cross-layer extraction borehole and the borehole coal stopping point is not less than 2m along the borehole direction.
6. The method for detecting the small structure of the coal face based on the cross-layer extraction drill hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the number of the collected cross-layer extraction drill holes is more than 5 for each bottom suction lane.
7. The method for detecting the small structure of the coal face based on the cross-layer extraction borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 6, curve fitting is performed by using drawing software.
8. The method for detecting the small structure of the coal face based on the cross-layer extraction borehole according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a step of analyzing the distribution of the small structure of the coal face according to the profile acquired in step 6, the step specifically comprising:
1) when two sections of coal seam penetrating conditions occur in the drilling track of a single cross-layer extraction drilling hole, the area is a small fault structure area;
2) when the distance H between the actual coal seam boundary curves is more than 1.2H0In time, the area is a coal seam thickening zone; wherein H0The average coal thickness of the coal face.
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