CN112761663A - Rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel and construction method - Google Patents
Rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112761663A CN112761663A CN202110114689.0A CN202110114689A CN112761663A CN 112761663 A CN112761663 A CN 112761663A CN 202110114689 A CN202110114689 A CN 202110114689A CN 112761663 A CN112761663 A CN 112761663A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a quick supporting device for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel and a construction method. The construction method comprises the following steps: (a) measuring contour lines after tunnel excavation, and calculating overexcavation data and positions; (b) erecting an arch center, wherein the top of the arch center is provided with an uninflated air cushion; (c) after the arch frame is erected, inflating the air cushion to enable the air cushion to support the surrounding rock; (d) spraying concrete to the arch frame to fill the space except the air cushion with the concrete; (e) taking out the air cushion; (f) and (5) filling concrete into the original position of the air cushion. Therefore, the plurality of air cushions are arranged at the top of the arch frame, transitional support is provided for the surrounding rock by utilizing the air cushions, initial settlement of the surrounding rock is restrained, and deformation and stability of the initial surrounding rock are effectively controlled before the guniting process is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a quick supporting device for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel and a construction method.
Background
When the tunnel engineering is built, if the deformation and the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock at the initial stage cannot be effectively controlled, the tunnel engineering construction and the surrounding environment thereof are extremely adversely affected, severe people cause the instability and the damage of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the orderly proceeding of the safety and the construction of workers is endangered. Especially in downtown areas, underground pipelines, ground structures, traffic, etc. are very sensitive to settlement. The step method in the construction tunnel project is a commonly used construction method, when excavating the upper step in the step method, according to excavating, erect the arch frame (including installing the net piece, setting up the leading small conduit, locking the anchor pipe of foot, longitudinal tie bar), the guniting three-step goes away; the condition of overexcavation can not avoid appearing during the excavation, has the certain distance between country rock and the bow member, consequently need carry out whitewashing (shotcrete) to the space between bow member and the country rock, supports the country rock through concrete and bow member to this avoids the country rock transition to subside.
However, in actual construction, after a tunnel is excavated, because a certain time is required for erecting an arch frame and spraying concrete, and the sprayed concrete is often difficult to cling to surrounding rocks, after excavation and unloading, the surrounding rocks continuously deform, most of the surrounding rocks are subjected to multiple cyclic footings, and a system of the sprayed concrete and the arch frame is only in intimate contact with the surrounding rocks and starts to bear force, so that initial settlement of the surrounding rocks cannot be restrained, the settlement of the surrounding rocks is large, early settlement is a main part of the whole settlement, and after thirty years of experience accumulation, the total settlement of a subsurface tunnel is proved to be divided into four stages: the method is characterized in that 10% of settlement before a buried point is detected in the first stage, 60% of settlement before an upper step is excavated, 60% of upper step is excavated, the bottom of the third stage is 20%, and 10% of settlement in the later stage of the fourth stage is controlled by faster support, and early rapid settlement deformation accounting for 60% of total settlement is a new higher requirement of people on the environment in the new generation, and the method for repairing the ground and related facilities after first settlement is not accepted in the past. And excessive settlement brings hidden danger to the stability of the tunnel, and the ground above the tunnel collapses and buildings and pipelines are damaged when the consequences are serious, so that huge casualties and property loss are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to solve the above problems to at least some extent, and on one hand, provides a fast supporting device for reducing early settlement of a shallow underground excavation tunnel, and on the other hand, provides a construction method of the fast supporting device, which can avoid the problem that initial settlement of surrounding rocks is difficult to be suppressed when a tunnel project is built. The method is an integrated innovation of interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge based on scientific principles and experience accumulation after the traditional process is applied for many years, and has a great development significance.
The technical scheme of the invention on one hand is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a reduce shallow quick strutting arrangement who digs tunnel early subsides that buries secretly, includes the bow member, the top interval of bow member is provided with a plurality of air cushions.
As a further alternative of the rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of the shallow-buried underground tunnel, the air cushion is in a trapezoid shape after being filled with air.
As a further alternative of the quick supporting device for reducing the early settlement of the shallow-buried underground tunnel, each air cushion is provided with an inflatable branch pipe, and all the inflatable branch pipes are communicated with an inflatable main pipe.
As a further alternative of the quick supporting device for reducing early settlement of the shallow-buried underground tunnel, the arch frame is a grid steel frame or a profile steel frame.
As a further alternative to the rapid bracing means to reduce early settlement in a shallow-buried undercut tunnel, the air cushion is secured to the arch by straps.
As a further alternative of the rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of the shallow-buried underground tunnel, a clamping groove formed by surrounding a steel plate is arranged in the arch center, the opening of the clamping groove faces upwards, and the air cushion is arranged in the clamping groove.
The technical scheme of the other aspect of the invention is realized as follows:
a construction method of a rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground tunnel comprises the following steps:
(a) measuring contour lines after tunnel excavation, and calculating overexcavation data and positions;
(b) erecting an arch center, wherein the top of the arch center is provided with an uninflated air cushion;
(c) after the arch frame is erected, immediately inflating the air cushion to enable the air cushion to support surrounding rocks;
(d) spraying concrete to the arch frame to fill the space except the air cushion with the concrete;
(e) taking out the air cushion;
(f) and (5) filling concrete into the original position of the air cushion.
As a further alternative to the construction method of the rapid bracing apparatus for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground excavated tunnel, in the step (b), a constructor stacks an air cushion on an air cushion when the height of the air cushion is not sufficient to support surrounding rocks according to the overbreak of the tunnel excavation.
As a further alternative to the construction method of the rapid bracing apparatus for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground tunnel, in step (e), the air cushion is deflated and then the deflated air cushion is withdrawn.
As a further alternative of the construction method of the rapid supporting device for reducing the early settlement of the shallow underground excavation tunnel, in two successive cycles, after the steps (a) to (d) are completed in the previous cycle, excavation supporting in the next cycle is started, and after the steps (a) to (c) are completed in the next cycle, the construction is returned to the previous cycle to perform the steps (e) and (f), and the construction is successively performed in a successive cycle.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the air cushions are arranged at the top of the arch center, transitional support is provided for the surrounding rock by the air cushions, initial settlement of the surrounding rock is restrained, and deformation and stability of the initial surrounding rock are effectively controlled before the guniting process is completed. In addition, the early-stage sedimentation deformation is controlled, the required supporting force is smaller than that after the deformation, and the self bearing capacity of the surrounding rock can be furthest adjusted. The air cushion is used for assisting to support the surrounding rock as soon as possible, and the effect of four or two lifting jacks is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection between multiple cushions;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the card slot;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an arch after tunnel excavation (the air cushion on the arch is not inflated);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the inflated cushion of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of FIG. 5 after guniting;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view after completion of slurry replenishment of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the tunnel construction.
Wherein, 1, an arch frame; 11. a card slot; 2. an air cushion; 21. an inflation branch pipe; 22. an inflation manifold.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "above," and "over" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or that only the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1, a rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of a shallow underground excavation tunnel is shown, which comprises an arch frame 1, wherein the top of the arch frame 1 is provided with a plurality of air cushions 2 at intervals. Wherein, the arch 1 can be a grid steel frame or a section steel frame.
Specifically, when a tunnel project is built, a step method is used for excavating an upper step, and the excavating procedure comprises excavating the upper step and then cleaning soil; the time for cleaning soil is about 1 hour, the time for erecting the arch centering process is about 1.5 hours, and the time for spraying the slurry is about 2.5 hours; therefore, after excavation, the support of the surrounding rock can be completed within about 5 hours under the condition of smooth construction, so that the settlement of the surrounding rock is large, and hidden danger is brought to the stability of the tunnel; after the rapid supporting device is adopted, the air cushion 2 can be inflated after the arch frame is erected, and the air cushion 2 is rapidly formed to rapidly provide support for surrounding rocks; compared with the original construction method, the method can provide support for the surrounding rock 2-3 hours in advance, inhibit the settlement of the surrounding rock at the initial stage, and effectively control the deformation and stability of the surrounding rock at the initial stage before the guniting process is completed; avoid tunnel country rock unstability destruction.
It should be noted that the whole sedimentation is divided into four stages: 10% in the first stage (sedimentation not measured before burying points), 60% in the second stage (early sedimentation during upper step excavation vertical arch guniting), 20% in the third stage and 10% in the fourth stage; according to the industry internal control early deformation theory, the excavated contour lines and the arch frames need to be closely attached to form the early stress state of the arch frames; the invention utilizes the rapid supporting device to control the early rapid sedimentation deformation accounting for 60 percent of the total sedimentation, and shortens the sealing time by using gas for rapid filling.
In the above scheme, the shape of the air cushion 2 after being filled with air can be a trapezoid body with a large lower part and a small upper part; wherein the air cushion is arranged into a trapezoidal body so as to be convenient for folding the air cushion; the size of the air cushion can be flexibly set according to the size and the shape of the conventional arch center 1 and the general overbreak condition; the embodiment provides air cushions of type A and type B, wherein the length and width of the bottom surface of the air cushion of type A is 30cm multiplied by 20cm, and the height is 50 cm; the length and width of the bottom surface of the B-type air cushion are 30cm multiplied by 20cm, and the height is 20 cm; type a and type B differ in height; when only the A-type air cushion is used for construction, if the overbreak condition is larger than the height of the A-type air cushion; a type and B type can be combined for construction, and the gap between the arch center and the excavation outline can be effectively supported by stacking the B type on the A type.
In the above embodiment, in order to further accelerate the support of the surrounding rock, referring to fig. 2, each air cushion 2 is provided with an inflation branch pipe 21, and all the inflation branch pipes 21 are communicated with an inflation main pipe 22. In this way, all the air cushions 2 on the arch center 1 are inflated through the inflation main pipe 22, the inflation speed is high, and the air cushions 2 are rapidly formed. Wherein, air valves can be arranged on the inflation branch pipe 21 or/and the inflation main pipe 22 to control the deflation of all the air cushions 2 or the specific air cushion 2.
In the above embodiment, the air cushion 2 may be fixed to the arch frame 1 by a strap; referring to fig. 3, a clamping groove 11 is formed in the arch center 1, the clamping groove 11 is formed by surrounding steel plates or steel bars and has an upward opening, and the air cushion 2 is loaded through the clamping groove 11 to prevent the air cushion 2 from falling off the arch center 1; of course, other structures can be adopted to fix the air cushion 2 on the arch center 1, so long as the stable position of the air cushion 2 is ensured, the air cushion cannot fall off from the arch center 1, and good support can be provided for surrounding rocks.
The construction method of the rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of the shallow-buried underground tunnel comprises the following steps:
measuring a contour line after tunnel excavation, and calculating overexcavation data and positions;
referring to fig. 4, step (b), erecting an arch 1, the top of the arch 1 being provided with an uninflated air cushion 2; in the step (b), the constructor can set the air cushions at proper positions on the arch according to the overbreak data and the position of the tunnel excavation, and when the height of one air cushion 2 is not enough to support the surrounding rock, the air cushion 2 is superposed on the air cushion 2. In other words, if the height of the air cushions 2 is 50cm, and the overexcavation condition at some positions is greater than 50cm, two or more air cushions 2 can be stacked at the positions, according to the actual conditions. It goes without saying that, when erecting the arch 1, it is necessary to support the arch springing of the arch 1 well, ensuring that said arch 1 does not sag.
Referring to fig. 5, in step (c), after the arch frame 1 is erected, the air cushion 2 is inflated to make the air cushion 2 support the surrounding rock;
referring to fig. 6, step (d), spraying concrete to the arch frame 1 to fill the space outside the air cushion 2 with concrete; in the step (d), due to the existence of the air cushion, the first concrete spraying amount is reduced, the ring-forming closing time is shortened, and the self weight of the arch support is reduced.
Step (e), taking out the air cushion 2; in step (e), the air cushion 2 is deflated, and then the deflated air cushion 2 is withdrawn.
Referring to fig. 7, in step (f), the slurry is filled and the position where the air cushion 2 is originally located is filled with concrete.
Therefore, the plurality of air cushions 2 are arranged at the top of the arch center 1, transitional support is provided for the surrounding rocks by the air cushions 2, initial settlement of the surrounding rocks is restrained, and initial deformation and stability of the surrounding rocks are effectively controlled before the guniting process is completed.
Referring to fig. 8, when the tunnel engineering is built, the tunnel engineering is built by sections according to a certain distance, each excavation supporting is performed in one cycle, and in order to accelerate the building of the tunnel engineering, in two successive cycles, after the steps (a) to (d) are completed in the previous cycle, excavation supporting of the next cycle is started, and after the steps (a) to (c) are completed in the next cycle, the steps (e) and (f) are returned to the previous cycle, and the construction is performed in successive cycles. In this way, it is possible to provide a setting time for the concrete in the step (d) in the previous cycle and to provide conditions for the simultaneous execution of the grout replenishment in the step (f) in the previous cycle and the grout spraying in the step (d) in the next cycle.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a reduce shallow quick strutting arrangement who secretly digs tunnel early subsides that buries, its characterized in that includes the bow member, the top interval of bow member is provided with a plurality of air cushions.
2. The rapid bracing apparatus for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the air cushion is trapezoid after being filled with air.
3. The rapid bracing apparatus for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground tunnel according to claim 1, wherein each of the air cushions is provided with an inflation branch pipe, and all the inflation branch pipes are communicated with an inflation main pipe.
4. The rapid bracing apparatus for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the arch is a grid steel frame or a profile steel frame.
5. The rapid bracing apparatus for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground excavated tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the air cushion is fixed on the arch frame by a binding band.
6. The rapid bracing device for reducing the early settlement of a shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel according to claim 4, wherein a clamping groove formed by surrounding steel plates is arranged in the arch center, the clamping groove is opened upwards, and the air cushion is arranged in the clamping groove.
7. A construction method of a rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of a shallow-buried underground tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) measuring contour lines after tunnel excavation, and calculating overexcavation data and positions;
(b) erecting an arch center, wherein the top of the arch center is provided with an uninflated air cushion;
(c) after the arch frame is erected, immediately inflating the air cushion to enable the air cushion to support surrounding rocks;
(d) spraying concrete to the arch frame to fill the space except the air cushion with the concrete;
(e) taking out the air cushion;
(f) and (5) filling concrete into the original position of the air cushion.
8. The construction method of the rapid supporting device for reducing the early settlement of the shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step (b), the constructor stacks an air cushion on the air cushion when the height of the air cushion is not enough to support the surrounding rock according to the overbreak condition of the tunnel excavation.
9. The construction method of the rapid supporting device for reducing the early settlement of the shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step (e), the air cushion is deflated and then the deflated air cushion is withdrawn.
10. The construction method of the rapid supporting device for reducing the early settlement of the shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: and (c) in the two successive cycles, after the steps (a) to (d) are completed in the previous cycle, starting excavation support of the next cycle, and after the steps (a) to (c) are completed in the next cycle, returning to the previous cycle to perform the steps (e) and (f), and performing successive cycle construction.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110114689.0A CN112761663A (en) | 2021-01-27 | 2021-01-27 | Rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel and construction method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110114689.0A CN112761663A (en) | 2021-01-27 | 2021-01-27 | Rapid supporting device for reducing early settlement of shallow-buried underground excavation tunnel and construction method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113982627A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 成都未来智隧科技有限公司 | Tunnel supporting method and tunnel supporting structure |
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2021
- 2021-01-27 CN CN202110114689.0A patent/CN112761663A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113982627A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 成都未来智隧科技有限公司 | Tunnel supporting method and tunnel supporting structure |
| CN113982627B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-04-05 | 成都未来智隧科技有限公司 | Tunnel supporting method and tunnel supporting structure |
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