CN112757890A - 混合动力专用车底盘 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
- B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种混合动力专用车底盘,包括发动机、分动箱、前传动轴、后传动轴、发电机、电池、永磁驱动电机、前驱动桥、后驱动桥、车架,分动箱一端与发动机连接,分动箱上设置有前驱动力输出口、驱动设备动力输出口、发电动力输出口、辅助动力输出口,发电动力输出口与发电机连接,电池一端与发电机连接,电池另一端与永磁驱动电机连接,后传动轴一端与永磁驱动电机连接,后传动轴另一端与后驱动桥连接,前传动轴一端与前驱动力输出口连接,前传动轴另一端与前驱动桥连接。有益效果:取消了变速箱,发动机一直处于在最优的经济转速1600‑1900rpm,将富余的动能通过发电机转换成电能储存,专用车的行驶状态与作业互相不影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力汽车技术领域,尤其涉及一种混合动力专用车底盘。
背景技术
为保障空气环境,国家要求专用车辆尾气排放必须达到或高于国五标准;目前国内有很大比例的改装专用车辆装配有副发柴油机,用于为上装提供动力,如扫路车、洗扫车、除雪车、洒水车、道路污染清除车、道路标线车、道路清除车等,车载副发柴油机仍停步在国三的排放水平,其噪音大、油耗高、尾气污染严重、占用上装空间。
以扫路车为例,扫路车工作时需要低速行走且需要大功率输出带动风机转动,车辆低速行走和高速大功率取力是一对矛盾,传统解决方案是在驾驶室后边增加一个副发动机带动风机旋转,但是两个发动机油耗增大,使用维护成本高;两个发动机同时工作,噪音污染严重,对驾驶员身体伤害较大;副发动机及附件占据较大空间,使扫路车上装布置空间紧张;由于对副发动机没有强制性要求,目前大部分副发动机还是国Ⅲ阶段排放,环境污染问题严峻。鉴于以上缺点近年来出现了单发方案,其中以一轴取力和断传动轴取力为主,但一轴取力油门不能频繁改变,只能靠换挡改变车速,因此车速不好控制,影响车辆使用性能;断传动轴取力由于动力输出靠后,影响整车布置,且改装费用较高,需要6-7万元,因此单发扫路车并未在市场上完全推广开。
通过以上分析,专用车企业为了得到可边行走边大功率取力的底盘,都需要在采购之后对底盘进行改装,但改装存在诸多缺点,比如增加整车成本、增加整车质量、占用整车空间、降低整车可靠性等。
发明内容
为了提高专用车的尾气排放标准,且解决单一发动机专用车作业时作业功率和行驶速度相互影响的问题,本发明决定研发一种混合动力专用车底盘。
一种混合动力专用车底盘,包括发动机、分动箱、前传动轴、后传动轴、发电机、电池、永磁驱动电机、前驱动桥、后驱动桥、车架,所述分动箱一端与发动机连接,所述分动箱上设置有前驱动力输出口、设备动力输出口、发电动力输出口,所述发电动力输出口与发电机连接,所述电池一端与发电机连接,所述电池另一端与永磁驱动电机连接,所述后传动轴一端与永磁驱动电机连接,所述后传动轴另一端与后驱动桥连接,所述前传动轴一端与前驱动力输出口连接,所述前传动轴另一端与前驱动桥连接。
进一步地,还包括控制系统,所述控制系统分别与发动机、分动箱、电池、永磁驱动电机连接。
进一步地,所述设备动力输出口包括驱动设备动力输出口和辅助动力输出口。
进一步地,所述控制系统分别与分动箱的工作离合器、行车离合器连接。
进一步地,所述分动箱包括分动箱动力输入轴、飞轮壳连接盘、分动箱壳体、输入齿轮、传动齿轮、前驱动齿轮、工作离合器、行车离合器、驱动设备动力齿轮、辅助动力齿轮、发电动力齿轮,所述分动箱动力输入轴穿过飞轮壳连接盘与输入齿轮连接,所述传动齿轮一端与输入齿轮连接,所述传动齿轮另一端分别与工作离合器、前驱动齿轮的一端连接,所述工作离合器另一端分别与驱动设备动力齿轮、辅助动力齿轮、发电动力齿轮连接,所述前驱动齿轮的另一端与行车离合器连接;所述前驱动齿轮设置于前驱动力输出口内部,所述驱动设备动力齿轮、辅助动力齿轮、发电动力齿轮分别设置于驱动设备动力输出口、辅助动力输出口、发电动力输出口内部。
以康明斯QSB4.5的发动机万有特性曲线为例,此发动机在1600rpm-1900rpm为最佳工作区间,油耗较低输出的扭矩和功率较大。本发明专利提供的混合动力专用车底盘的发动机一直在1600rpm-1900rpm区间工作,而传统专用车辆由于存在升档和降档的操作,发动机转速忽高忽低,油耗较高。
以混合动力专用车底盘的扫路车为例,当扫路车清扫作业时,按下工作按钮,发动机转速调至1900rpm,发动机启动时,变速箱两个离合器分离,发动机无负载启动,当专用车工作时,工作离合器结合,驱动设备动力输出口驱动设备(风机)工作,发电动力输出口驱动发电机发电,给电池充电,电池给永磁驱动电机供电,驱动后驱动桥行驶,辅助动力输出口备用。
当混合动力专用车底盘的扫路车结束清扫作业,进入公路行驶模式时,清扫作业时储存在电池里的电可以给永磁驱动电机供电,驱动后驱动桥使车辆行驶,此时发动机熄火,工作离合器断开。当电池亏电且车速低于60km/h时,发动机重新启动为电池充电,与驱动设备动力输出口、辅助动力输出口连接的驱动设备等断开;当车速达到60km/h以上时,工作离合器断开,行车离合器结合,前驱动力输出口输出动力,通过前传动轴直接驱动前驱动桥使车辆行驶,此模式增加传递效率,降低油耗。
本发明取得的有益效果如下:
1. 本发明与现有技术相比,电动机直接与分动箱连接,取消了变速箱,简化了结构,节约了成本;
2.本发明电混动替代液压驱动,发动机一直处于在最优的经济转速1600-1900rpm,一直处于最佳的工作状态,不需要频繁换挡,操作方便,更节能,驾驶感更好;
3.现有技术中的分动箱只能将富裕的动力通过液压泵转化成液压能,驱动车桥行走,能量不能储存,而且现有技术只能通过液压驱动低速行驶;本发明是将富余的动能通过发电机转换成电能储存,行驶速度可控,通过永磁驱动电机驱动速度可以达到60km/h;
4.专用车的行驶状态与作业互相不影响,相互独立,车一直处于最优的行驶状态,作业使用动能多少按需供应,不影响车的行驶。
附图说明
图1为混合动力专用车底盘的结构示意图,
图2为分动箱的结构示意图,
图3为控制系统工作模式的结构示意图,
图4为控制系统公路行驶模式的结构示意图,
其中附图标记为:
1-发动机、2-分动箱、3-前传动轴、4-发电机、5-电池、6-永磁驱动电机、7-前驱动桥、8-后驱动桥、9-车架、10-后传动轴、21--前驱动力输出口、22-驱动设备动力输出口、23-发电动力输出口、24-辅助动力输出口、25-工作离合器、26-行车离合器、27-分动箱动力输入轴、28-飞轮壳连接盘、29-分动箱壳体、30-输入齿轮、31-传动齿轮、32-驱动设备动力齿轮、33-辅助动力齿轮、34-发电动力齿轮、35-前驱动齿轮。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种混合动力专用车底盘,包括发动机1、分动箱2、前传动轴3、后传动轴10、发电机4、电池5、永磁驱动电机6、前驱动桥7、后驱动桥8、车架9,分动箱2一端与发动机1连接,分动箱2上设置有前驱动力输出口21、驱动设备动力输出口22、发电动力输出口23、辅助动力输出口24,发电动力输出口23与发电机4连接,电池5一端与发电机4连接,电池5另一端与永磁驱动电机6连接,后传动轴10一端与永磁驱动电机6连接,后传动轴10另一端与后驱动桥8连接,前传动轴3一端与前驱动力输出口21连接,前传动轴3另一端与前驱动桥7连接。
实施例2
一种混合动力专用车底盘,包括发动机1、分动箱2、前传动轴3、后传动轴10、发电机4、电池5、永磁驱动电机6、前驱动桥7、后驱动桥8、车架9,分动箱2一端与发动机1连接,分动箱2上设置有前驱动力输出口21、驱动设备动力输出口22、发电动力输出口23、辅助动力输出口24,发电动力输出口23与发电机4连接,电池5一端与发电机4连接,电池5另一端与永磁驱动电机6连接,后传动轴10一端与永磁驱动电机6连接,后传动轴10另一端与后驱动桥8连接,前传动轴3一端与前驱动力输出口21连接,前传动轴3另一端与前驱动桥7连接。本发明还包括控制系统,所述控制系统分别与发动机1、电池5、永磁驱动电机6连接,并与分动箱2的工作离合器25、行车离合器26连接。
实施例3
一种混合动力专用车底盘,包括发动机1、分动箱2、前传动轴3、后传动轴10、发电机4、电池5、永磁驱动电机6、前驱动桥7、后驱动桥8、车架9,分动箱2一端与发动机1连接,分动箱2上设置有前驱动力输出口21、驱动设备动力输出口22、发电动力输出口23、辅助动力输出口24,发电动力输出口23与发电机4连接,电池5一端与发电机4连接,电池5另一端与永磁驱动电机6连接,后传动轴10一端与永磁驱动电机6连接,后传动轴10另一端与后驱动桥8连接,前传动轴3一端与前驱动力输出口21连接,前传动轴3另一端与前驱动桥7连接。本发明还包括控制系统,所述控制系统分别与发动机1、电池5、永磁驱动电机6连接,并与分动箱2的工作离合器25、行车离合器26连接。
所述分动箱2包括分动箱动力输入轴27、飞轮壳连接盘28、分动箱壳体29、输入齿轮30、传动齿轮31、前驱动齿轮35、工作离合器25、行车离合器26、驱动设备动力齿轮32、辅助动力齿轮33、发电动力齿轮34,分动箱动力输入轴27穿过飞轮壳连接盘28与输入齿轮30连接,传动齿轮31一端与输入齿轮30连接,传动齿轮31另一端分别与工作离合器25、前驱动齿轮35的一端连接,工作离合器25另一端分别与驱动设备动力齿轮32、辅助动力齿轮33、发电动力齿轮34连接,前驱动齿轮35的另一端与行车离合器26连接。前驱动齿轮35设置于前驱动力输出口21内部,驱动设备动力齿轮32、辅助动力齿轮33、发电动力齿轮34分别设置于驱动设备动力输出口22、辅助动力输出口24、发电动力输出口23内部。
Claims (5)
1.一种混合动力专用车底盘,其特征在于:包括发动机、分动箱、前传动轴、后传动轴、发电机、电池、永磁驱动电机、前驱动桥、后驱动桥、车架,所述分动箱一端与发动机连接,所述分动箱上设置有前驱动力输出口、设备动力输出口、发电动力输出口,所述发电动力输出口与发电机连接,所述电池一端与发电机连接,所述电池另一端与永磁驱动电机连接,所述后传动轴一端与永磁驱动电机连接,所述后传动轴另一端与后驱动桥连接,所述前传动轴一端与前驱动力输出口连接,所述前传动轴另一端与前驱动桥连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种混合动力专用车底盘,其特征在于:还包括控制系统,所述控制系统分别与发动机、分动箱、电池、永磁驱动电机连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种混合动力专用车底盘,其特征在于:所述设备动力输出口包括驱动设备动力输出口和辅助动力输出口。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种混合动力专用车底盘,其特征在于:所述控制系统分别与分动箱的工作离合器、行车离合器连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种混合动力专用车底盘,其特征在于:所述分动箱包括分动箱动力输入轴、飞轮壳连接盘、分动箱壳体、输入齿轮、传动齿轮、前驱动齿轮、工作离合器、行车离合器、驱动设备动力齿轮、辅助动力齿轮、发电动力齿轮,所述分动箱动力输入轴穿过飞轮壳连接盘与输入齿轮连接,所述传动齿轮一端与输入齿轮连接,所述传动齿轮另一端分别与工作离合器、前驱动齿轮的一端连接,所述工作离合器另一端分别与驱动设备动力齿轮、辅助动力齿轮、发电动力齿轮连接,所述前驱动齿轮的另一端与行车离合器连接;所述前驱动齿轮设置于前驱动力输出口内部,所述驱动设备动力齿轮、辅助动力齿轮、发电动力齿轮分别设置于驱动设备动力输出口、辅助动力输出口、发电动力输出口内部。
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