CN112756567B - Refractory layer of heat-insulating cap, building method of refractory layer and heat-insulating cap - Google Patents

Refractory layer of heat-insulating cap, building method of refractory layer and heat-insulating cap Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112756567B
CN112756567B CN202011531388.XA CN202011531388A CN112756567B CN 112756567 B CN112756567 B CN 112756567B CN 202011531388 A CN202011531388 A CN 202011531388A CN 112756567 B CN112756567 B CN 112756567B
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cap
brick
heat
layer
insulating
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CN112756567A (en
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巴钧涛
高建军
马环
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TIANJIN HEAVY EQUIPMENT ENGINEERING RESEARCH CO LTD
China First Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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TIANJIN HEAVY EQUIPMENT ENGINEERING RESEARCH CO LTD
China First Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/102—Hot tops therefor from refractorial material only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/106—Configuration of hot tops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/10—Hot tops therefor
    • B22D7/108—Devices for making or fixing hot tops

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a refractory layer of a heat-insulating cap, a building method of the refractory layer and the heat-insulating cap, belongs to the technical field of steel ingot manufacturing, and solves the problems of weak scour resistance, poor thermal stability and short service life of a crown opening brick in the prior art. The refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap comprises a cap opening brick layer and a plurality of heat-insulating layers which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the thickness of a single cap opening brick is 80-120 mm, the length of the single cap opening brick is 220-260 mm, the cap opening brick is a high-alumina brick, when the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap is used for the first time, the temperature of pouring molten steel is required to be more than 1560 ℃, and in the contact process of the refractory layer and the molten steel, the inner wall of the cap opening brick forms a sintered layer. The masonry method comprises the following steps: building a plurality of heat-insulating layers on the inner wall of the heat-insulating cap; and building a cap brick on the inner wall of the innermost heat-insulating layer to form a cap brick layer, thereby obtaining the heat-insulating cap refractory layer. The refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap, the building method thereof and the heat-insulating cap can be used for pouring molten steel.

Description

Refractory layer of heat-insulating cap, building method of refractory layer and heat-insulating cap
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel ingot manufacturing, and particularly relates to a refractory layer of a heat-insulating cap, a building method thereof and the heat-insulating cap.
Background
In the process of preparing a steel ingot, high-temperature molten steel needs to be poured into a cavity, and the steel ingot is formed after cooling, wherein the cavity usually comprises a chassis, an ingot mold and a heat-preserving cap. The heat-insulating cap is mainly used for feeding the ingot body of the steel ingot, so that a fire-resistant layer with good heat-insulating effect needs to be built in the heat-insulating cap, and the molten steel in the heat-insulating cap is in a liquid state for a long time.
The fire-resistant layer usually comprises a heat-insulating layer and a cap brick arranged on the inner wall of the heat-insulating layer, wherein the cap brick is directly contacted with high-temperature molten steel and partial slag and can be eroded by the high-temperature molten steel (the temperature of the molten steel is more than 1540 ℃) and the slag, particularly in the vacuum top casting process of large steel ingots, the temperature of the molten steel is high, and the contact time of the cap brick and the molten steel is long.
In the prior art, the cap opening brick has weak scouring resistance and poor thermal stability, peels off seriously during the pouring of large steel ingots, is very easy to pollute molten steel, has short average service life (only about 1.5 times), and therefore, the cap opening brick needs to be replaced frequently, so that the manufacturing cost of the steel ingots is greatly increased, and the environment is also seriously polluted; in addition, when the cap opening brick is replaced, construction workers need to take off waste bricks and build new bricks, the working environment is severe, and the working strength is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the analysis, the invention aims to provide a refractory layer of a heat preservation cap, a building method thereof and the heat preservation cap, and solves the problems of weak scour resistance, poor thermal stability and short service life of a crown block in the prior art.
The invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fire-resistant layer of a heat-insulating cap, which comprises a cap opening brick layer and a plurality of heat-insulating layers, wherein the cap opening brick layer and the plurality of heat-insulating layers are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the cap opening brick layer comprises a plurality of cap opening bricks, the thickness of each cap opening brick is 80-120 mm, the length of each cap opening brick is 220-260 mm, each cap opening brick is a high-alumina brick, when the fire-resistant layer of the heat-insulating cap is used for the first time, the temperature of pouring molten steel is required to be more than 1560 ℃, and in the contact process of the fire-resistant layer and the molten steel, a sintered layer is formed on the inner wall of each cap opening brick.
Further, al in the cap brick 2 O 3 The mass percentage of the refractory layer is more than 40 percent, namely, the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap adopts high-alumina bricks with more than II grade.
Further, al in the cap brick 2 O 3 The mass percentage of the refractory layer is 55-60 percent, namely, the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap adopts a III-level high-alumina brick.
Furthermore, the apparent porosity of the hat-opening brick is less than or equal to 28%, the refractoriness of the hat-opening brick is greater than 1750 ℃, and when the hot surface temperature of the hat-opening brick is 1000 ℃, the thermal conductivity of the hat-opening brick is less than or equal to 1.0W/(m.K).
Further, the composition of the cap tile comprises mullite spheres.
Furthermore, the number of layers of the heat preservation layers is three, the heat preservation layers comprise a first heat preservation layer, a second heat preservation layer and a third heat preservation layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the cap brick layer is arranged on the inner wall of the first heat preservation layer.
Further, the cap brick has a hexahedral structure, one surface of the cap brick, which is in contact with molten steel, is defined as a front surface, the surface opposite to the front surface is defined as a rear surface, the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively arranged in the vertical direction, and the remaining two surfaces are side surfaces. Wherein, the shape of the front surface, the back surface, the upper surface and the lower surface of the cap opening brick is trapezoidal, and the shape of the side surface of the cap opening brick is rectangular.
Further, the cap opening brick is divided into two types, including a main body brick and an adjusting brick, the main body brick and the adjusting brick are basically the same in structure, and the difference is that the width of the adjusting brick is smaller than that of the main body brick.
Furthermore, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 35 mm-44 mm.
The invention also provides a heat preservation cap, which comprises a heat preservation cap base body and a heat preservation cap fire-resistant layer arranged on the inner wall of the heat preservation cap base body, wherein the heat preservation cap fire-resistant layer is the heat preservation cap fire-resistant layer.
The invention provides a method for building a refractory layer of a thermal insulation cap, which is used for building the refractory layer of the thermal insulation cap and comprises the following steps:
step S1: providing a thermal insulation cap;
step S2: building a plurality of heat-insulating layers on the inner wall of the heat-insulating cap;
and step S3: and building a cap brick on the inner wall of the innermost heat-insulating layer to form a cap brick layer, so as to obtain a heat-insulating cap refractory layer.
Furthermore, the top brick is built vertically, namely the length direction of the top brick is arranged along the axial direction of the heat preservation cap.
Further, in the step S3, according to the cap taper, the cap bricks are built in a positive and negative alternate mode, the gap between every two adjacent cap bricks is less than or equal to 2mm, and 2-3 cap bricks are tightly pressed by using a rubber hammer during building.
Furthermore, the front and back dislocation of the inner wall of the cap opening brick on the same ring is less than or equal to 2mm, so that the working surface of the cap opening brick on the same ring is parallel and level, and the service life of the cap opening brick can be prolonged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
a) The refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap provided by the invention adopts the high-alumina bricks as the refractory bricks of the cap opening, and simultaneously, the size of the refractory bricks of the cap opening and the overall structure of the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap are optimized, so that the refractory brick has good fire resistance and heat-insulating property, and the defects of shrinkage cavity and looseness generated in the process of pouring steel ingots are reduced. Under the heating of high-temperature molten steel in the cavity, the cap opening brick can form a compact sintering layer on the inner wall, so that the contact between the molten steel and slag and the inside of the cap opening brick is reduced, the erosion of the cap opening brick can be reduced, the cap opening brick can be repeatedly used, the repeated utilization times of the existing cap opening brick are increased from 1.5 times to 7-8 times of the embodiment, and the service life of the cap opening brick is prolonged.
b) According to the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap, the thickness of the cap opening brick is reduced by about 1/2 compared with that of the existing cap opening brick, the length of the cap opening brick is correspondingly reduced by about 1/6 compared with that of the existing cap opening brick, and the width of the cap opening brick is unchanged. Therefore, the thickness and the length of the cap opening brick are reduced, the heat of molten steel absorbed by the cap opening brick can be reduced, the heat conductivity coefficient of the insulating brick is reduced, and the overall heat insulation performance of the refractory layer of the insulating cap is improved.
c) The refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap provided by the invention is internally provided with the multiple layers of heat-insulating layers, so that the heat-insulating property of the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap can be further improved, the temperature of molten steel in the cavity is ensured, and the cap opening brick can form a compact sintered layer on the inner wall under the heating of the high-temperature molten steel in the cavity.
d) The refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap provided by the invention needs to have the following two conditions for forming the sintered layer: the cap opening brick needs to have good erosion resistance and corrosion resistance, otherwise, a sintering layer cannot be formed; the fire-proof layer of the heat-insulating cap needs to have good heat-insulating property, so that molten steel in the opening of the heat-insulating cap is in a liquid state for a long time, and a sintering layer can be formed only by continuously heating the opening brick.
e) According to the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap, the refractory bricks are built in a vertical type, namely the length direction of the refractory bricks is arranged along the axial direction of the heat-insulating cap, and in practical application, the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap is built in a vertical type, so that the gap between two adjacent refractory bricks can be reduced, and the refractory layer of the refractory brick can be built tightly.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout, are for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a state diagram of a refractory layer of a conventional insulating cap made of clay crown bricks after being used once;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a refractory layer of an insulating cap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a refractory layer of a refractory cap brick according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state of a refractory layer of an insulated cap after being used seven times according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a thermal cap according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a cap brick layer; 11-a cap brick; 2-insulating layer; 3-thermal cap base.
Detailed Description
The preferred invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" should be interpreted broadly, for example, as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate.
The terms "top," "bottom," "at 8230; \8230above," "below," and "at 8230; \8230above," and "above" are used throughout to describe relative positions with respect to components of the device, e.g., the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, independent of their orientation in space.
The general working surface of the invention can be a plane or a curved surface, can be inclined or horizontal. For convenience of explanation, the embodiments of the present invention are placed on a horizontal plane and used on the horizontal plane, and are defined as "high and low" and "up and down".
Example one
The embodiment provides a refractory layer of a heat preservation cap, referring to fig. 2 to fig. 3, comprising a cap opening brick layer 1 and a multi-layer heat preservation layer 2 which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the cap opening brick layer 1 comprises a plurality of cap opening bricks 11, that is, the cap opening brick layer 1 is formed by building a plurality of cap opening bricks 11, the thickness of a single cap opening brick 11 is 80 mm-120 mm, the length of the single cap opening brick is 220 mm-260 mm, the cap opening brick 11 is a high-alumina brick, when the refractory layer of the heat preservation cap is used for the first time, the temperature of pouring molten steel needs to be above 1560 ℃, and in the contact process with the molten steel, the inner wall of the cap opening brick 11 can form a black dense sintered layer.
It should be noted that the thickness of the cap brick 11 refers to the radial dimension of the cap brick 11 along the thermal insulation cap, the length of the cap brick 11 refers to the axial dimension of the cap brick 11 along the thermal insulation cap, and the width of the cap brick 11 refers to the circumferential dimension of the cap brick 11 along the thermal insulation cap.
Compared with the prior art, the refractory layer of the heat preservation cap provided by the embodiment adopts the high-alumina brick as the cap opening brick 11, and simultaneously, the size of the cap opening brick 11 and the overall structure of the refractory layer of the heat preservation cap are optimized, so that the refractory layer of the heat preservation cap can have good fire resistance and heat preservation performance, and the defects of shrinkage cavity and looseness generated in the steel ingot pouring process are reduced. Under the heating of the high-temperature molten steel in the cavity of the cap opening brick 11, the cap opening brick 11 can form a compact sintering layer on the inner wall, the contact between the molten steel and the slag and the inside of the cap opening brick 11 is reduced, the corrosion of the cap opening brick 11 can be reduced, the cap opening brick can be used repeatedly, the recycling frequency of the existing cap opening brick 11 is increased from 1.5 times to 7-8 times in the embodiment, and the service life of the cap opening brick 11 is prolonged.
Fig. 1 is a state diagram of a refractory layer of an existing insulating cap using clay crown bricks after being used once, and fig. 4 is a state diagram of a refractory layer of an insulating cap provided in the first embodiment after being used seven times.
Specifically, after molten steel is poured into the cavity, the heat of the molten steel in the cap opening is absorbed by the cap opening brick 11, the thicker the cap opening brick 11 is, the more the heat absorption capacity is, and the poorer the heat insulation effect of the cap opening brick layer 1 and the refractory layer of the heat insulation cap is. In the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap provided by the embodiment, the thickness of the cap opening brick 11 is reduced by about 1/2 compared with the thickness of the existing cap opening brick 11, the length of the cap opening brick 11 is correspondingly reduced by about 1/6 compared with the length of the existing cap opening brick 11, and the width is unchanged. Therefore, the thickness and the length of the cap opening brick 11 are reduced, the heat of molten steel absorbed by the cap opening brick 11 can be reduced, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the insulating brick is reduced, so that the overall heat insulation performance of the refractory layer of the insulating cap is improved.
Meanwhile, the multiple layers of the heat-insulating layers 2 are arranged in the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap provided by the embodiment, so that the heat-insulating property of the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap can be further improved, and the temperature of molten steel in the cavity is ensured, so that the cap opening brick 11 can form a compact sintered layer on the inner wall under the heating of the high-temperature molten steel in the cavity.
Note that the following two conditions are required for forming the sintered layer: in one of them, the cap tile 11 needs to have good erosion resistance and erosion resistance, otherwise a sintered layer cannot be formed; on the other hand, the fireproof layer of the heat-insulating cap needs to have good heat insulation performance, so that molten steel in the opening of the heat-insulating cap is in a liquid state for a long time, and a sintered layer can be formed only by continuously heating the opening brick 11. Although the existing clay cap opening brick has small heat conductivity coefficient and good heat preservation effect, the erosion resistance of the existing clay cap opening brick is poor, so that the cap opening brick is seriously eroded and peeled off in the contact process of molten steel, and a heat preservation layer 2 cannot be formed; compared with the clay cap brick, the existing high-aluminum refractory brick has high refractoriness, but has large heat conductivity coefficient and poor heat insulation performance, and cannot ensure that the cap brick can form a compact sintered layer on the inner wall under the heating of high-temperature molten steel in a cavity.
In order to ensure sufficient refractoriness and low thermal conductivity of the cap brick 11, al is contained in the cap brick 11 2 O 3 Is more than 40 percent, that is, the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap of the embodiment adopts the high-alumina brick with grade II or more, such as the high-alumina brick with grade III, and Al in the high-alumina brick 2 O 3 The mass percent of the refractory material is 55-60%, the apparent porosity of the cap opening brick 11 is less than or equal to 28%, the refractoriness of the cap opening brick 11 is more than 1750 ℃, and when the temperature of a hot surface (namely the inner wall of the cap opening brick 11 contacted with molten steel) of the cap opening brick 11 is 1000 ℃, the thermal conductivity of the cap opening brick 11 is less than or equal to 1.0W/(m.K).
In order to further reduce the thermal conductivity of the cap brick layer 1, the components of the cap brick 11 comprise mullite spheres, and the addition of the mullite spheres can increase the apparent porosity of the cap brick 11, so that the thermal conductivity of the cap brick layer 1 can be reduced.
In order to further improve the heat insulation performance of the refractory layer of the heat insulation cap, the number of the heat insulation layers 2 is three, and the heat insulation layer comprises a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a third heat insulation layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the cap opening brick layer 1 is arranged on the inner wall of the first heat insulation layer. Like this, through setting up multilayer heat preservation 2, can completely cut off external environment and thermo cap inner space more effectively to further improve the heat insulating ability of above-mentioned thermo cap flame retardant coating.
Regarding the shape of the cap tile 11, in order to reduce the gap between adjacent cap tiles 11 and further reduce the erosion of the cap tile 11, the cap tile 11 is a hexahedral structure, and defines one surface of the cap tile 11 contacting with molten steel as a front surface, the surface opposite to the front surface as a rear surface, the upper surface and the lower surface are respectively arranged in the vertical direction, and the remaining two surfaces are side surfaces. Wherein the front, rear, upper and lower surfaces of the cap tile 11 are trapezoidal in shape, and the side surfaces of the cap tile 11 are rectangular in shape.
Considering that the sizes of different heat preservation caps are different, the problem that the joint between the head and the tail of the same ring of cap opening bricks 11 is easy to have larger gaps in the building process is solved, so the cap opening bricks 11 are divided into two types, including a main body brick and an adjusting brick, the main body brick and the adjusting brick have basically the same structure, and the difference is that the width of the adjusting brick is smaller than that of the main body brick. In the masonry process of the cap brick layer 1, the same ring of cap bricks 11 are mainly constructed by main body bricks, and when the gap between two adjacent main body bricks is too large, for example, more than 20 mm-40 mm, then, an adjusting brick can be arranged, so that the gap between the two main body bricks can be reduced.
In order to further improve the heat preservation capability of the heat preservation layer 2, the thickness of the heat preservation layer 2 is 35 mm-44 mm.
Example two
The embodiment also provides a thermal insulation cap, referring to fig. 5, which includes a thermal insulation cap base body 3 and a thermal insulation cap fire-resistant layer arranged on the inner wall of the thermal insulation cap base body 3, where the thermal insulation cap fire-resistant layer is the thermal insulation cap fire-resistant layer provided in the first embodiment.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the thermal insulation cap provided in this embodiment are substantially the same as the beneficial effects of the refractory layer of the thermal insulation cap provided in the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a method for building a refractory layer of a heat-insulating cap, which is used for building the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap provided by the embodiment I, and the building method comprises the following steps:
step S1: providing a thermal insulation cap;
step S2: building a plurality of heat-insulating layers on the inner wall of the heat-insulating cap;
and step S3: and building a cap brick on the inner wall of the innermost heat-insulating layer to form a cap brick layer, thereby obtaining the heat-insulating cap refractory layer.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the masonry method of the refractory layer of the thermal insulation cap provided in this embodiment are substantially the same as the beneficial effects of the refractory layer of the thermal insulation cap provided in the first embodiment, which are not repeated herein.
In order to reduce the gap between two adjacent cap opening bricks, the cap opening bricks are built in a vertical type, namely the length direction of the cap opening bricks is arranged along the axial direction of the heat preservation cap.
Considering that the heat preservation hat has a taper, in order to adapt to the taper of the heat preservation hat, specifically, in the step S3, according to the taper of the hat opening, the brick of the hat opening is built in a positive and negative alternate mode, the gap between the adjacent bricks of the hat opening is less than or equal to 2mm, and 2-3 bricks of the hat opening are tightly closed by a rubber hammer every time the brick is built, so that the tightness with the heat preservation layer is ensured. It should be noted that, because the front surface, the rear surface, the upper surface and the lower surface of the cap brick are trapezoidal, and the side surface of the cap brick is rectangular, that is, the upper surface and the lower surface of the cap brick are different in size, the trapezoidal area of the upper surface of the cap brick is smaller than that of the lower surface of the cap brick, and the cap brick is constructed in a positive and negative alternate mode, that is, one of the two adjacent cap bricks is arranged with the upper surface facing upward, and the other cap brick is arranged with the lower surface facing upward.
The front and back dislocation of the inner wall of the cap opening brick on the same circle is less than or equal to 2mm, and the working surface of the cap opening brick on the same circle is parallel and level, so that the service life of the cap opening brick can be prolonged.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap is characterized by comprising a cap opening brick layer and a plurality of heat-insulating layers, wherein the cap opening brick layer and the plurality of heat-insulating layers are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the thickness of a single cap opening brick is 120mm, and the length of the single cap opening brick ranges from 220mm to 260mm; the hat opening brick adopts a vertical masonry mode;
the cap opening brick is a high-alumina brick;
when the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap is used for the first time, the temperature of pouring molten steel is more than 1560 ℃, and a sintered layer is formed on the inner wall of the cap opening brick in the contact process of the refractory layer and the molten steel; the cap opening brick is recycled for 7-8 times;
the multi-layer heat insulation layer comprises a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a third heat insulation layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the cap brick layer is arranged on the inner wall of the first heat insulation layer; the thickness of each heat-insulating layer is 35mm-44mm;
the hat-opening brick is of a hexahedral structure, the front surface, the rear surface, the upper surface and the lower surface of the hat-opening brick are trapezoidal, and the side surface of the hat-opening brick is rectangular;
the hat opening brick comprises a main body brick and an adjusting brick, wherein the width of the adjusting brick is smaller than that of the main body brick;
the components of the top brick comprise mullite spheres;
the hat opening brick is a III-grade high-aluminum brick, and Al in the III-grade high-aluminum brick 2 O 3 The mass percentage of the refractory material is 55-60%, the apparent porosity of the cap opening brick is less than or equal to 28%, the refractoriness of the cap opening brick is greater than 1750 ℃, and when the temperature of a hot surface formed by the inner wall of the cap opening brick in contact with molten steel is 1000 ℃, the thermal conductivity of the cap opening brick is less than or equal to 1.0W/(m.K).
2. A heat preservation cap is characterized by comprising a heat preservation cap base body and a heat preservation cap fire-resistant layer arranged on the inner wall of the heat preservation cap base body, wherein the heat preservation cap fire-resistant layer is the heat preservation cap fire-resistant layer in claim 1.
3. A method of laying refractory linings for caps according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
step S1: providing a thermal insulation cap;
step S2: building a plurality of heat-insulating layers on the inner wall of the heat-insulating cap;
and step S3: and building a cap brick on the inner wall of the innermost heat-insulating layer to form a cap brick layer, thereby obtaining the heat-insulating cap refractory layer.
4. The method for building the refractory layer of the heat-preservation cap according to claim 3, wherein the top brick is built in a vertical mode.
5. The method for laying the refractory layer of the heat-insulating cap according to claim 3, wherein the gap between adjacent cap opening bricks is less than or equal to 2mm, and the front-back dislocation of the inner walls of the adjacent cap opening bricks is less than or equal to 2mm.
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