CN112748601A - Image display device - Google Patents
Image display device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112748601A CN112748601A CN202011167808.0A CN202011167808A CN112748601A CN 112748601 A CN112748601 A CN 112748601A CN 202011167808 A CN202011167808 A CN 202011167808A CN 112748601 A CN112748601 A CN 112748601A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- film
- retardation
- image display
- plane
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1677—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
Abstract
The invention provides an image display device, which can further inhibit the skew color difference. An image display device according to one embodiment includes a light-reflective image display layer, a retardation film, and a polarizerAnd a diaphragm in which an angle formed by an absorption axis of the polarizing film and an in-plane slow axis of the retardation film is 45 DEG + -5 DEG, and when an in-plane retardation of the retardation film is R0, a plane orthogonal to a direction inclined at an angle theta with respect to a thickness direction of the retardation film is a projection plane, and the in-plane fast axis and the in-plane slow axis of the retardation film are assumed to be rotation axes, the in-plane retardation of the retardation film in the projection plane is R (theta)fastAnd R (theta)slowAnd the in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer on the projection surface is R (theta) M, and the following expressions (i) to (iv) are satisfied. alpha-R0-R (theta)fast+R(θ)M}…(i)β＝R0‑{R(θ)slow‑R(θ)M}…(ii)|α(θ)|+|β(θ)|＜10nm…(iii)|R(θ)M|＞0nm…(iv)。
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an image display device.
Background
In a flat panel display device, an optical laminate in which a phase difference film and a polarizing film are laminated is provided for optical compensation of the display device. For example, in both flat panel display devices and organic Electroluminescence (EL) image display devices, such an optical laminate is used by being laminated on the viewing side of a light-reflective image display layer in order to reduce internal reflection light that is reflected from light incident from the outside to the viewing side by the light-reflective image display layer incorporated inside. An example of such an optical laminate is an elliptically polarizing plate described in patent document 1.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: JP 2015-163940 publication
In a flat panel display device, for example, in an organic EL image display device, when a screen is viewed from the front and when the screen is viewed from an oblique direction, the reflection color of internal reflection light slightly reflected from an internal reflective image display layer and reaching the visual recognition side is different, and a reflection color corresponding to the in-plane angle is generated in an oblique direction. The maximum value of the color difference of the reflected color corresponding to the in-plane angle in the oblique direction is referred to as oblique color difference. The optical laminate described in patent document 1 is disposed on the image display surface of the display device, thereby suppressing the skew color. However, in recent years, further suppression of the skew color difference has been demanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an image display device capable of further suppressing oblique color difference.
An image display device according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a light-reflective image display layer; and a phase difference film and a polarizing film provided on an image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer, wherein an angle formed by an absorption axis of the polarizing film and an in-plane slow axis of the phase difference film is 45 degrees ± 5 degrees, an in-plane retardation of the phase difference film is R0, a plane orthogonal to a direction having an inclination angle θ with respect to a thickness direction of the phase difference film is a projection plane, and an in-plane fast axis of the phase difference film is assumed to be a rotation axisIn the case of the rotating shaft, the in-plane retardation of the retardation film on the projection surface is R (theta)fastAssuming that the in-plane slow axis of the retardation film is a rotation axis, the in-plane retardation of the retardation film on the projection plane is R (θ)slowAnd (iii) when the in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer on the projection surface is R (θ) M, the following expressions (i) to (iv) are satisfied.
α＝R0-{R(θ)fast+R(θ)M}…(i)
β＝R0-{R(θ)slow-R(θ)M}…(ii)
|α(θ)|+|β(θ)|＜10nm…(iii)
|R(θ)M|＞0nm…(iv)
In the above structure, the in-plane retardation of the retardation film is considered and the in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer is considered. Therefore, by providing the phase difference film and the polarizing film on the light reflection image display layer, the skew color difference can be sufficiently suppressed.
R0 may be the same as R (θ)fastR (theta) described aboveslowAnd R (θ) M is a retardation at a wavelength of 550nm, for example.
The inclination angle θ may be 50 degrees.
An image display device according to another aspect of the present invention includes: a light-reflective image display layer; and a phase difference film and a polarizing film provided on the image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer, an angle formed by an absorption axis of the polarizing film and an in-plane slow axis of the retardation film is 45 degrees ± 5 degrees, an in-plane retardation of the retardation film is R0, a retardation in a thickness direction of the retardation film is Rth, a plane orthogonal to a direction inclined at an angle of 50 degrees with respect to the thickness direction of the retardation film is a projection plane, an in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer in the projection plane is R (50) M, and Nz and ρ are represented by formulas (v) and (vi), in this case, Nz and ρ satisfy the formulas (vii), (viii) and (ix), or the formula (vii), the formula (x) and the formula (xi) are satisfied, and the R0, the Rth and the R (50) M are retardations at a wavelength of 550 nm.
Nz＝(Rth/R0)+0.5…(v)
ρ＝R(50)M/R0…(vi)
3.5ρ+0.39＜Nz＜3.5ρ+0.65…(vii)
ρ＞0…(viii)
0.5＜Nz≤1.5…(ix)
ρ＜0…(x)
-1.5＜Nz＜0.5…(xi)
In the above structure, the in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer is considered. Therefore, by providing the phase difference film and the polarizing film on the light reflection image display layer, the skew color difference can be sufficiently suppressed.
The retardation film may have an a plate and a C plate.
The retardation film and the polarizing film may constitute a circularly polarizing plate.
According to the present invention, an image display device capable of further suppressing oblique color difference can be provided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an image display device according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the slow axis and the fast axis and the absorption axis of the polarizing film.
Fig. 3 is a drawing for explaining a projection surface.
Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining a phase difference in an oblique view.
Fig. 5 is a graph in which the results shown in tables 5 to 7 are plotted in the ρ -Nz coordinate system.
Description of the reference numerals:
2 … image display device;
4 … image display layer (light reflective image display layer);
12 … retardation film;
12a … slow axis (in-plane slow axis);
12b … fast axis (in-plane fast axis);
14 … polarizing film;
14a … absorption axis;
18 … A board;
20 … C panel;
22 … projection plane.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings. The same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. The dimensional ratios in the drawings are not necessarily consistent with the description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an image display device 2 according to an embodiment. The image display device 2 includes an image display layer (light-reflective image display layer) 4 and an optical laminate 6. The image display layer 4 and the optical laminate 6 are joined. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the image display layer 4 and the optical laminate 6 are joined by the adhesive layer 8 a.
The image display layer 4 forms an image therein, and displays the image on the image display surface 4 a. The image display layer 4 includes an element structure for forming an image, and the like. Therefore, the electrodes included in the element structures, the wiring lines connected between the element structures, and the like function as reflection portions for reflecting light. For this reason, the image display layer 4 has light reflectivity of reflecting light incident on the image display device 2 from the optical layered body 6 side. The thickness of the image display layer 4 is, for example, 0.2mm to 1.0 mm.
The image display layer 4 is not limited in layer structure, material, and the like as long as it is configured to form an image on the image display surface 4 a. The image display layer 4 may be a multilayer body including, for example, an electrode and a wiring portion (or layer) using a metal such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, aluminum, or indium, an alloy or an oxide thereof, a resin film, a barrier (bank) material, a dielectric portion of a light-emitting element, and other layers.
The image display layer 4 is, for example, a flat panel display device. Examples of the flat panel display device include a thin (or flat) organic electroluminescence display device (hereinafter also referred to as "OLED display device") and an inorganic electroluminescence device (hereinafter also referred to as "micro LED display device") having pixels that emit light independently. The display device exemplified as the image display layer 4 is a device in a state in which no member for optical compensation is included on the image display surface.
When the image display layer 4 is an OLED display device, typically, the electrode provided in the OLED display device is the aforementioned reflection portion. The OLED display device has a thin-film structure in which an organic light-emitting material layer is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes facing each other. Electrons are injected from one electrode into the organic light emitting material layer, and holes are injected from the other electrode into the organic light emitting material layer, whereby electrons and holes are coupled in the organic light emitting material layer to perform self-luminescence. Of the 2 electrodes sandwiching the organic light emitting material layer, the electrode on the image display surface 4a side has a function of transmitting light from the organic light emitting material layer, and the other electrode has a function of reflecting light from the organic light emitting material layer toward the image display surface 4 a. Therefore, the other electrode typically functions as a reflection portion in the OLED display device.
The OLED display device has advantages such as better visibility, thinner profile, and capability of dc low voltage driving, compared with a liquid crystal display device requiring a backlight.
In the case where the image display layer 4 is a micro LED display device, the light emitting portion including a compound semiconductor, and the pixel connection portion and the electrode portion reflect external light. Therefore, in the micro LED display device, the light emitting section, the pixel connecting section, and the electrode section correspond to the reflecting section.
[ adhesive layer ]
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8a may contain a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a resin such as a (meth) acrylic, rubber, urethane, ester, silicone, or polyvinyl ether resin as a main component. Among these, a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a (meth) acrylic resin excellent in transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like as a base polymer is suitable. The adhesive composition may be an active energy ray-curable type or a heat-curable type. The thickness of the adhesive layer 8b is usually 3 to 30 μm, preferably 3 to 25 μm.
As the (meth) acrylic resin (base polymer) used in the adhesive composition, for example, a polymer or copolymer containing one or more (meth) acrylic acid esters such as butyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate as monomers is suitably used. In the base polymer, it is preferable to copolymerize a polar monomer. Examples of the polar monomer include monomers having a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an amino group, an epoxy group, and the like, such as (meth) acrylic acid, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, N-2 methylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and glycidyl (meth) acrylate.
The adhesive composition may contain only the above-mentioned base polymer, but usually further contains a crosslinking agent. Examples of crosslinking agents include: a metal ion having a valence of 2 or more, which forms a metal carboxylate salt with a carboxyl group; polyamine compounds forming an amide bond with a carboxyl group; polyepoxy compounds and polyols forming ester bonds with carboxyl groups; a polyisocyanate compound forming an amide bond with a carboxyl group. Among these, polyisocyanate compounds are preferred.
[ optical layered body ]
The optical laminate 6 includes a polarizing plate 10 and a retardation film 12. The optical laminate 6 is an optical element for compensating an image displayed on the image display surface 4 a. Polarizing plate 10 and phase difference film 12 are joined. As shown in fig. 1, the polarizing plate 10 and the retardation film 12 can be bonded to each other through an adhesive layer 8 b. The adhesive layer 8b is exemplified in the same manner as the adhesive layer 8 a.
[ polarizing plate ]
Polarizing plate 10 has polarizing film 14. The polarizing plate 10 may further have two protective films 16. The polarizing plate 10 is described based on the form illustrated in fig. 1.
The polarizing film 14 has a linear polarization characteristic. An example of the polarizing film 14 is a film in which a resin film stretched on one axis adsorbs an oriented dichroic dye. The polarizing film 14 is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin film having linear polarization characteristics, and may be any one used for a known polarizing plate.
Examples of the resin film included in the polarizing film 14 include polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter, also referred to as "PVA") resin films, polyvinyl acetate resin films, ethylene/vinyl acetate resin films, polyamide resin films, and polyester resin films. In general, a PVA-based resin film, particularly a PVA film, is used from the viewpoint of the adsorption property and alignment property of the dichroic dye.
The two protective films 16 sandwich the polarizing film 14 and protect the polarizing film 14. The two protective films 16 are, for example, a resin film (for example, a triacetyl cellulose (hereinafter also referred to as "TAC") based film), a glass cover, or a glass film. The two protective films 16 may be made of the same material or different materials.
The number of the protective film 16 may be one sheet. For example, the polarizing plate 10 may not have the protective film 16 on the retardation film 12 side.
Polarizing plate 10 may be manufactured by preparing a long member, bonding the members together in a roll-to-roll (roll-to-roll) manner, and then cutting the member into a predetermined shape, or polarizing plate 10 may be manufactured by bonding the members together after cutting the member into a predetermined shape.
[ retardation film ]
The retardation film 12 has a function of generating a constant retardation of incident light. As shown in fig. 2, the retardation film 12 has a slow axis (in-plane slow axis) 12a and a fast axis (in-plane fast axis) 12b in the film plane. The angle between the slow axis 12a and the fast axis 12b is approximately 90 degrees. The substantially 90 degrees means 90 degrees ± 5 degrees.
The retardation film 12 is arranged such that the slow axis 12a is substantially 45 degrees with respect to the absorption axis 14a of the polarizing film 14 shown by a broken line in fig. 2. The substantially 45 degrees means 45 ± 5 degrees.
Returning to fig. 1, the phase difference film 12 is further explained. The retardation film 12 is joined to the polarizing plate 10. In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, the retardation film 12 is bonded to the polarizing plate 10 through the adhesive layer 8 b. The adhesive layer 8b is exemplified in the same manner as the adhesive layer 8 a.
The retardation film 12 includes an a plate (retardation layer) 18 and a C plate (retardation layer) 20. The a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are joined. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are bonded by the adhesive layer 8C. In the present embodiment, the slow axis 12a and the fast axis 12b of the retardation film 12 are the slow axis and the fast axis in the plane of the a plate 18. In the C plate 20, the in-plane retardation is substantially 0 (zero), and the slow axis and the fast axis do not exist in the plane. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, when refractive index anisotropy in the a-plate 18 and the C-plate 20 is described, the slow axis 12a and the fast axis 12b shown in fig. 2 are used.
[ A plate ]
The a plate 18 preferably has characteristics represented by the following formulas (1) to (3). The A plate 18 can be a positive A plate, and can be a lambda/4 plate. In addition, the a plate 18 preferably shows reverse wavelength dispersion. By providing such an a plate 18, coloring of reflected light can be suppressed. In the present embodiment, the slow axis (slow axis 12a) of the a-plate 18 is arranged at substantially 45 degrees with respect to the absorption axis 14a of the polarizing film 14. The meaning of approximately 45 degrees is as described above.
0.80＜R0A(450)/R0A(550)＜0.93…(2)
130nm＜R0A(550)＜150nm…(3)
In equations (1) to (3), nx represents the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis 12a, ny represents the refractive index in the direction of the fast axis 12b, and nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction of the a plate 18 (the direction orthogonal to the slow axis 12a and the fast axis 12 b). R0A (λ) characterizes the retardation in the wavelength λ nm of the a-plate 18. Thus, R0A (450) and R0A (550) in formulas (2) and (3) characterize retardation at a wavelength of 450nm and at a wavelength of 550 nm.
R0A (λ) can be calculated from the refractive index n (λ) at a wavelength λ nm and the thickness d1 of the A plate 18 based on the following formula.
R0A(λ)＝〔nx(λ)-ny(λ)〕×d1
R0A (450)/R0A (550) is a preferable index of wavelength dispersion of the A plate 18, and is 0.92 or less.
Regarding retardation R0A (λ) of the a plate 18 at the wavelength λ nm, R0A (450) is preferably 100nm or more and 135nm or less, R0A (550) is preferably 137nm or more and 145nm or less, and R0A (650) is preferably 137 or more and 165 or less. R0A (650) characterizes retardation at a wavelength of 650 nm.
[ C plate ]
The C-plate 20 preferably has the characteristics represented by the following formula (4).
The C-plate 20 can be a positive C-plate 20. By providing such a C plate 20, coloring of reflected light can be suppressed.
In the formula (4), nx represents the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis 12a, ny represents the refractive index in the direction of the fast axis 12b, and nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction of the C plate 20 (the direction orthogonal to the slow axis 12a and the fast axis 12 b).
Specifically, the retardation in the thickness direction of the C plate 20 is preferably-120 nm or more and 0nm or less, more preferably-110 nm or more and-10 nm or less, and still more preferably-90 nm or more and-20 nm or less at a wavelength of 550nm, although it depends on the reflection characteristics of the image display layer 4.
When the retardation of the C-plate 20 in the thickness direction with respect to light having a wavelength λ [ nm ] is RthC (λ), RthC (λ) can be calculated from the refractive index n (λ) at the wavelength λ nm and the thickness d2 of the C-plate 20 based on the following equation.
RthC(λ)＝{〔nx(λ)+ny(λ)〕/2-nz(λ)}×d2
The rth (450)/rth (550) represents the wavelength dispersion of the C plate 20, and is preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.1 or less. RthC (450) and RthC (550) are retardations in the thickness direction of the C-plate 20 at a wavelength of 450nm and a wavelength of 550nm, respectively.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 can be set to 0.1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. When the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are within this range, sufficient durability can be obtained, which contributes to making the optical layered body 6 thinner. Of course, the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 can be adjusted so that a desired retardation and a retardation in the thickness direction can be obtained, for example, a layer giving a retardation of λ/4, a layer giving a retardation of λ/2, a positive a plate, or a positive C plate.
[ adhesive layer ]
The adhesive layer 8c may contain an adhesive used for a known retardation film. Examples of the adhesive include an aqueous adhesive and an active energy ray-curable adhesive. Instead of the adhesive layer 8c, an adhesive layer similar to the adhesive layer 8b may be used.
[ method for Forming retardation film ]
The a plate 18 and the C plate 20 of the retardation film 12 may contain a composition containing a thermoplastic resin and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound described later. The a plate 18 and the C plate 20 preferably include a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. The layer containing the composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound includes a cured layer of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
The relationship between the expressions (1) to (3) satisfied by the a plate 18 and the relationship between the expressions (4) satisfied by the C plate 20 are controlled by adjusting the types and the formulation ratios of the thermoplastic resin and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound forming the a plate 18 and the C plate 20, or by adjusting the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20, for example.
The layer obtained by curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is formed on, for example, an alignment film provided on the substrate. The substrate may be a long substrate having a function of supporting the alignment film. This substrate functions as a releasable support and supports the phase difference film 12 for transfer. Further, the surface preferably has a peelable adhesive force. The substrate may be a resin film exemplified as a material of the protective film.
The thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, and is preferably in the range of, for example, 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less. If the thickness of the base material is 20 μm or more, strength is imparted. On the other hand, if the thickness is 200 μm or less, the increase of machining chips and the wear of the cutting edge can be suppressed every time the base material is cut and processed to form a single base material.
The substrate may be subjected to various anti-stick treatments. The anti-sticking treatment includes an easy-sticking treatment, a treatment of mixing a filler or the like, an embossing (embossing treatment), and the like. By applying such an anti-sticking treatment to the base material, the base materials can be effectively prevented from sticking to each other when the base material is wound, that is, so-called sticking can be effectively prevented, and the optical film can be manufactured with high productivity.
The layer obtained by curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is formed on the substrate with the alignment film interposed therebetween. That is, the substrate and the alignment film are laminated in this order, and the layer obtained by curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is laminated on the alignment film.
The alignment film is not limited to a vertical alignment film, and may be an alignment film in which the molecular axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned horizontally or an alignment film in which the molecular axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned obliquely. In the case of producing the a plate 18, a horizontal alignment film can be used, and in the case of producing the C plate 20, a vertical alignment film can be used. The alignment film is preferably one having solvent resistance that does not dissolve by coating of a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound described later or the like, and having heat resistance for use in heat treatment for removing the solvent or aligning the liquid crystal compound. Examples of the alignment film include an alignment film containing an alignment polymer, a photo-alignment film, and a groove alignment film in which a concave-convex pattern or a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface to be aligned. The thickness of the alignment film is usually in the range of 10nm to 10000nm, preferably 10nm to 1000nm, more preferably 500nm or less, and still more preferably 10nm to 200 nm.
The resin used for the alignment film is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin used as a material of a known alignment film, and a cured product obtained by curing a monofunctional or polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer known in the past with a polymerization initiator can be used. Specifically, examples of the (meth) acrylate monomer include 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, diethylene glycol mono 2-ethylhexyl ether acrylate, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether acrylate, tetraethylene glycol monophenyl ether acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and urethane acrylate. The resin may be one of these, or a mixture of two or more of them.
The photo-alignment film can include the following composition: comprising a polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group and a solvent. The photoreactive group refers to a group that generates liquid crystal aligning ability by light irradiation. Specifically, there may be mentioned groups which participate in photoreaction originating from liquid crystal aligning ability, such as initiation of molecular alignment or isomerization reaction, dimerization reaction, photocrosslinking reaction, or photolysis reaction by light irradiation. Among these, the group participating in the dimerization reaction or the photocrosslinking reaction is preferable in that the orientation is excellent. As the photoreactive group, an unsaturated bond is preferable, and a group having a double bond is particularly preferable, and a group having at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon-carbon double bond (C ═ C bond), a carbon-nitrogen double bond (C ═ N bond), a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond (N ═ N bond), and a carbon-oxygen double bond (C ═ O bond) is particularly preferable.
Examples of the photoreactive group having a C ═ C bond include a vinyl group, a polyene group, a distyryl group (スチルべン group), a styrylpyridinyl group (スチルバゾリウ group), a styrylpyridinyl group (スチルバゾリウ group), a chalcone group, and a cinnamoyl group. Examples of the photoreactive group having a C ═ N bond include groups having a structure such as an aromatic schiff base and an aromatic hydrazone. Examples of the photoreactive group having an N ═ N bond include an azophenyl group, an azonaphthyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic azo group, a bisazo group, a formazan group, and a group having an azoxybenzene structure. Examples of the photoreactive group having a C ═ O bond include a benzophenone group, a coumarin group, an anthraquinone group, and a maleimide group. These groups may have substituents such as alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, aryl groups, allyloxy groups, cyano groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, and halogenated alkyl groups.
Among these, the photoreactive group participating in the photodimerization reaction is preferable, and cinnamoyl group and chalcone group are preferable in that a photo alignment film having a relatively small amount of polarized light irradiation required for photo alignment and excellent thermal stability and stability with time can be easily obtained. As the polymer having a photoreactive group, a polymer having a cinnamoyl group in which a terminal portion of a side chain of the polymer is a cinnamic acid structure is particularly preferable.
The type of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be classified into a rod-like type (rod-like liquid crystal compound) and a disk-like type (disk-like liquid crystal compound, discotic liquid crystal compound) according to its shape. Further, there are low molecular type and high molecular type, respectively. The term "polymer" generally means a polymer having a polymerization degree of 100 or more (see "physical and phase transition mechanics of polymer, Tujing, 2 p., Shibo Shu, 1992").
In the present embodiment, any polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be used. Further, two or more kinds of rod-like liquid crystal compounds, two or more kinds of discotic liquid crystal compounds, or a mixture of the rod-like liquid crystal compounds and the discotic liquid crystal compounds may be used.
As the rod-like liquid crystal compound, for example, the compounds described in claim 1 of Japanese patent application laid-open No. 11-513019 or paragraphs [0026] to [0098] of Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2005-289980 can be used. As the discotic liquid crystal compound, for example, compounds described in paragraphs [0020] to [0067] of Japanese patent laid-open No. 2007-108732 or paragraphs [0013] to [0108] of Japanese patent laid-open No. 2010-244038 are suitably used.
Two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds may be used in combination. In this case, at least one of the polymerizable groups has two or more polymerizable groups in a molecule. That is, the layer in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is cured is preferably a layer formed by polymerizing and fixing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group. In this case, it is not necessary to exhibit liquid crystallinity even after the layer is formed.
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound has a polymerizable group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction. The polymerizable group is preferably a functional group capable of undergoing an addition polymerization reaction, such as a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a cyclopolymerizable group.
More specifically, examples of the polymerizable group include a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, and an allyl group. Among these, (meth) acryloyl groups are preferable. The term "(meth) acryloyl" is a concept including both methacryloyl and acryloyl groups.
The layer in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is cured can be formed by, for example, applying a composition containing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to an alignment film, as described later. The composition may contain components other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. For example, a polymerization initiator is preferably contained in the composition. The polymerization initiator used corresponds to the form of the polymerization reaction, and for example, a thermal polymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiator is selected. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include α -carbonyl compounds, acyloin ethers, α -hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloin compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds, combinations of triarylimidazole dimers and p-aminophenyl ketones, and the like. The amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, based on the total solid content in the coating liquid.
In addition, the composition may contain a polymerizable monomer for uniformity of the coating film and strength point of the film. Examples of the polymerizable monomer include a radically polymerizable or cationically polymerizable compound. Among these, polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomers are preferable.
As the polymerizable monomer, a polymerizable monomer copolymerizable with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferable. Specific examples of the polymerizable monomer include polymerizable monomers described in paragraphs [0018] to [0020] in JP-A2002-296423. The amount of the polymerizable monomer used is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 30% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
In the composition, a surfactant may be included for the purpose of uniformity of the coated film and strength of the film. Examples of the surfactant include conventionally known compounds. Among these, fluorine-based compounds are preferable. Specific examples of the surfactant include compounds described in paragraphs [0028] to [0056] in Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2001-330725, and compounds described in paragraphs [0069] to [0126] in Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2005-62673.
In addition, a solvent may be contained in the composition, and an organic solvent is preferably used. Examples of the organic solvent include amides (e.g., N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (e.g., pyridine), hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, hexane), alkyl halides (e.g., chloroform, dichloromethane), esters (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), ethers (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane)
The composition contains various orientation agents such as a vertical orientation promoter such as a vertical orientation agent on the polarizing film interface side and a vertical orientation agent on the air interface side, and a horizontal orientation promoter such as a horizontal orientation agent on the polarizing film interface side and a horizontal orientation agent on the air interface side. Further, the composition may contain an adhesion improving agent, a plasticizer, a polymer, and the like in addition to the above components.
When the retardation film 12 includes two or more cured layers of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound as the a plate 18 and the C plate 20, the cured layers of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound are formed on the alignment film, and the alignment film and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound are laminated with the adhesive layer 8C interposed therebetween, for example, to manufacture the retardation film 12. After laminating the two, the substrate and the alignment film can be peeled off. The thickness of the retardation film 12 is preferably 3 to 30 μm, more preferably 5 to 25 μm.
The retardation film 12 may be produced by preparing a long member, winding each member around a roll, and then cutting each member into a predetermined shape, or the retardation film 12 may be produced by cutting each member into a predetermined shape and then bonding the members together. The C-plate 20 may be obtained by forming the C-plate 20 directly on the a-plate 18. That is, the adhesive layer 8c can be omitted.
[ modification of retardation film ]
The retardation film 12 may include 1 or more other layers having a retardation (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "other retardation sub-layers") in addition to the a plate 18 and the C plate 20. Examples of the other retardation layers include a touch sensor provided on the image display layer 4, a sealing layer for sealing the image display layer 4, and a base film for the image display layer 4. In addition, the other retardation layer may be a protective film attached to the polarizing film 14. The other phase difference layer is disposed between the polarizing film 14 and the image display layer 4, preferably between the image display layer 4 and the a plate 18 or the C plate 20 located closest to the image display layer 4.
The other phase difference sublayer may be an a plate, but can generally be a C plate. The other phase difference sublayers may have characteristics represented by the following formula (5). That is, the other phase difference sublayer can be a negative C plate.
In the formula (5), nx represents the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis 12a, ny represents the refractive index in the direction of the fast axis 12b, and nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction of the other phase difference sublayers.
In formula (5)
In addition to the case where nx and ny are completely equal, the case where nx and ny are substantially equal is also included. Specifically, nx and ny are substantially equal to each other as long as the difference between nx and ny is within 0.01.
The retardation film 12 may include the above-described substrate and alignment film, or may include a combination of a plate and a plate other than C plate. Specifically, two or more a plates may be combined.
The image display device 2 may further include at least one of a front panel and a light shielding pattern (shutter). The front panel and the light shielding pattern will be described separately.
< front Panel >
The front panel may be disposed on the viewing side of polarizer plate 10. The front panel can be laminated to the polarizing plate 10 via an adhesive layer. Examples of the adhesive layer include the adhesive layer 8b and the adhesive layer 8c described above.
Examples of the front panel include a front panel including a hard coat layer on at least one surface of glass or a resin film. As the glass, for example, high-transmittance glass or tempered glass can be used. In the case of using an ultra-thin transparent surface material, chemically strengthened glass is preferable. The thickness of the glass can be set to, for example, 100 μm to 5 mm.
A front panel including a hard coat layer on at least one surface of a resin film can have a soft characteristic, not as rigid as conventional glass. The thickness of the hard coat layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 5 to 100 μm.
Examples of the resin film include cycloolefin derivatives having a unit of a cycloolefin-containing monomer such as a norbornene or polycyclic norbornene-based monomer, cellulose (diacetylcellulose, triacetylcellulose, acetylcellulose butyrate, isobutylcellulose, propionylcellulose, butyrylcellulose, acetylpropionylcellulose), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polycycloolefins, polyesters, polystyrene, polyamide, polyetherimide, polyacrylic acid, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, and the like, Polyurethane, epoxy, and other polymer films. The resin film can be an unstretched, 1-axis or 2-axis stretched film. These polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the resin film, a polyamideimide film or polyimide film excellent in transparency and heat resistance, a 1-axis or 2-axis stretched polyester film, a cycloolefin derivative film excellent in transparency and heat resistance and capable of coping with the enlargement of the film, a polymethyl methacrylate film, and a triacetyl cellulose and isobutyl cellulose film excellent in transparency and optically non-anisotropy are preferable. The thickness of the resin film may be 5 to 200 μm, preferably 20 to 100 μm.
< light-shielding Pattern >
A light shielding pattern (shutter) can also be formed in the front panel on the image display layer 4 side.
The light shielding pattern blocks the wiring of the image display device 2, and thus cannot be visually recognized by a user. The color and/or material of the light-shielding pattern is not particularly limited, and may include resin materials having various colors such as black, white, and gold. In one embodiment, the thickness of the light-shielding pattern may be in the range of 2 μm to 50 μm, preferably 4 μm to 30 μm, and more preferably 6 μm to 15 μm. In addition, in order to suppress air bubble intrusion due to a step between the light shielding pattern and the display portion and to suppress visual recognition of the boundary portion, a shape can be given to the light shielding pattern.
[ method for producing optical laminate ]
The optical laminate 6 is produced by laminating a polarizing plate 10 and a retardation film 12 with an adhesive layer 8b interposed therebetween. For example, after the polarizing plate 10 is manufactured, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8b formed on the release film is laminated on the protective film 16 facing the retardation film 12. The release film on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8b was peeled off, and the polarizing plate 10 and the retardation film 12 separately produced were bonded via the exposed pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8 b. The optical laminate 6 thus obtained can function as a circularly polarizing plate.
[ method for manufacturing image display device ]
The image display device 2 can be obtained by bonding the retardation film 12 of the optical laminate 6 to the image display layer 4 through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8 a. As shown in fig. 1, the optical laminate 6 is generally bonded to the image display layer 4 such that the C plate 20 is positioned on the image display layer 4 side.
The conditions that the image display device 2 satisfies will be described as embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
(embodiment 1)
As shown in fig. 3, a plane orthogonal to a direction having an inclination angle θ with respect to the thickness direction of the image display device 2 (the stacking direction of the image display layer 4 and the optical layered body 6) is referred to as a projection plane 22. The thickness direction corresponds to a direction perpendicular to the slow axis 12a and the fast axis 12 b. Assuming the fast axis 12b of the phase difference film 12 as the rotation axis (tilt axis)In this case, the retardation of the retardation film 12 on the projection surface 22 is represented by R (θ)fastAssuming that the slow axis 12a of the retardation film 12 is a rotation axis, the retardation of the retardation film 12 on the projection plane 22 is represented by R (θ)slowThe retardation of the image display layer 4 on the projection surface 22 is R (θ) M. Assuming the slow axis 12a (or the fast axis 12b) as a rotation axis, the retardation film 12 is tilted around the slow axis 12a (or the fast axis 12 b). In the present specification, the retardation of the retardation film or the retardation of the image display layer on the projection surface 22 refers to the retardation of the retardation film or the image display layer projected on the projection surface 22.
In the image display device 2, R (θ)fast、R(θ)slowAnd R (theta) M satisfies the following formulae (i) to (iv).
α＝R0-{R(θ)fast+R(θ)M}…(i)
β＝R0-{R(θ)slow-R(θ)M}…(ii)
|α(θ)|+|β(θ)|＜10nm…(iii)
|R(θ)M|＞0nm…(iv)
Thus, the screen of the image display device 2 has different reflection colors when viewed from the front direction and when viewed from the tilt angle θ direction, and generates a reflection color corresponding to the in-plane angle in the oblique direction. The maximum value of the color difference of the reflected color corresponding to the in-plane angle in the oblique direction is referred to as oblique color difference. Further, when the oblique color difference becomes minimum, the color difference between the case of viewing from the front direction and the case of viewing from the inclination angle θ direction becomes minimum. Therefore, even when the image displayed on the image display device 2 is viewed from various angles, the same image as viewed from the front direction (the thickness direction) can be viewed.
This is further illustrated. As described above, the image display layer 4 is a light reflective display layer that reflects light incident on the image display device 2 from the optical layered body 6 side. Therefore, in the following description, the image display layer 4 is referred to as a light reflection layer RL (see fig. 1) based on the reflection characteristics described above. In the following description, the optical laminate 6 is a circularly polarizing plate, but the optical laminate 6 is not limited to a circularly polarizing plate.
[ phase difference of optical electric field ]
The optical electric field vibrates in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, and can be decomposed into S-polarization and P-polarization components. In this case, the difference in angular frequency, which is the deviation of the periods of the S-polarized and P-polarized electric field oscillations, is the phase difference. The difference Δ δ between the incident light phase difference δ i and the reflected light phase difference δ r to the light reflection layer RL in the case of not normal incidence (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "reflected phase difference Δ δ of the light reflection layer RL") can be calculated from the stokes vector S measured using an ellipsometer or a stokes polarimeter (S0, S1, S2, S3).
The polarization azimuth angle ψ, the ellipticity angle ∈, the phase difference δ, and the ellipticity χ of the optical electric field are characterized by the following expressions (6) to (9) using stokes vectors (refer to "spectroscopic ellipsometer, rattan-rich book, pill-well publication, pages 68 to 78, 2011).
[ mathematical formula 1 ]
χ＝tanε…(9)
When the incident light is linearly polarized with a polarization azimuth ψ of 45 ° and an ellipticity χ of 0, and the stokes vector Si (Si0, Si1, Si2, Si3) is (1, 0, 1, 0), the phase difference δ i becomes 0 by the above expressions (6) to (8).
Similarly, when the light reflecting layer RL reflects the incident light and the reflected light is elliptically polarized with an azimuth ψ of 45 ° and an ellipticity χ of 0.4 and a stokes vector Sr (Sr0, Sr1, Sr2, Sr3) of (1, 1, 0.7, 0.7), the phase difference δ r becomes pi/4 by the above expressions (6) to (8). At this time, the reflection phase difference Δ δ of the light reflection layer RL is represented by π/4. In the present specification, of the positive and negative reflection retardation Δ δ of the light reflection layer RL with respect to incident light that is linearly polarized with a polarization azimuth ψ of 45 °, the case where the ellipticity angle ∈ 0 is positive, and the case where the ellipticity angle ∈ 0 is negative.
The retardation Δ δ can be converted into retardation r (nm) by the following formula (10) using the corresponding wavelength λ (nm).
[ mathematical formula 2 ]
[ Angle dependence of light-reflecting layer ]
The reflection phase difference Δ δ of the light reflection layer RL varies depending on the incident angle θ r of light toward the light reflection layer RL.
The formula in which the boundary condition of the refractive index of the medium is set by maxwell's equation and deformed is shown in the following formula (11) ("applied engineering I, heigtangfu, pill publishing, pages 28 to 45, 1990" reference). The following expression (11) represents the case where the light enters the metal side obliquely from the dielectric side, and the refractive index of the dielectric is n ═ n1The refractive index of the metal is n ═ ik using a complex refractive index.
[ mathematical formula 3]
At normal incidence, the reflection phase difference Δ b becomes 0, and increases with an increase in the incident angle θ r.
When the light reflection layer RL is, for example, an OLED display device or a micro LED display device, the light reflection layer RL is a multi-layered body of an electrode, a wiring, a light emitting pixel, a barrier, a plastic film, and the like. In actual measurement, the stokes vector can be measured for each incident angle θ r, and the reflection phase difference Δ δ of the light reflection layer RL for each incident angle θ r can be calculated for theoretical calculation.
The reflection retardation Δ δ of the light reflection layer RL is generated on a reflection surface such as a metal crystal having charge carriers such as free electrons, and is not generated on a reflection surface such as a dielectric such as a resin film having no charge carriers.
When the light reflection layer RL is, for example, an OLED display device or a micro LED display device, the reflection phase difference Δ δ can take various values depending on the density, shape, and metal type of the electrodes and the wirings forming the light reflection layer RL. For which there is a finite reflection phase difference delta. In many cases, the absolute value of the reflection phase difference Δ δ (50) on the projection plane 22 at an inclination angle of 50 degrees is 0.01rad or more at a wavelength of 550nm, and the absolute value of the reflection retardation R (50) M is 1.0nm or more at the same wavelength of 550 nm.
The retardation in the oblique field of view when the retardation film 12 is observed with the slow axis 12a as the rotation axis can be calculated by the following procedure.
As shown in fig. 4, in a rectangular coordinate system in which the front direction is the z axis, a component parallel to the slow axis 12a (x axis in fig. 4) among the refractive indices of the retardation film 12 is nx, a component parallel to the fast axis 12b is ny, a component parallel to the front direction is nz, and an angle formed by the z axis and a vector of the optical field propagating through the retardation film 12 is nz
The angle formed by the z-axis and the vector of the optical field emitted from the retardation film 12 and propagating through the air is defined as
The following formula (12) can be obtained by applying the law of Snell.
The inclination angle θ corresponds to the case where the slow axis 12a is a rotation axis.
[ mathematical formula 4 ]
φyz＝arcsin{sin(-φ)/nx}…(12)
The phase difference in oblique views with the slow axis 12a as the rotation axis can be obtained from the effective refractive indices Nyz and nx projected from ny and nz on the projection plane (plane perpendicular to the straight line connecting the retardation film 12 and the observer) 22, respectively, as in the following formula (13). D in the formula (13) is the thickness of the retardation film 12.
[ math figure 5 ]
In this case, the effective refractive index Nyz on the projection surface 22 can be obtained by the following formula (14) using a refractive index ellipsoid ("refer to" the forefront of refractive index control technology for optical materials, Chi-edge Ming-Yujin hong Kong, シーエムシー publication, pages 14 to 16, and 2009 ").
[ mathematical formula 6]
The phase difference in the oblique view using the fast axis 12b as the rotation axis is also represented by the following expression (15) in the same manner as the expression (13). Of the following formula
Corresponds to the inclination angle θ in the case of using the fast axis 12b as the rotation axis. D in formula (15) is the same as in formula (13).
[ mathematical formula 7]
Parameters of optical elements such as the transmittance in the transmission axis direction (direction orthogonal to the absorption axis 14 a) and the transmittance in the absorption axis 14a direction of the polarizing film 14, the three-dimensional refractive indices of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 included in the retardation film 12, the reflection phase difference of the light reflection layer RL, the transmittance of the adhesive, and the front panel can be measured and substituted into the miller matrix, and the optical electric field state in the case where these optical elements are transmitted or reflected can be calculated with high accuracy.
For example, when calculating the optical electric field observed by the optical layered body 6 (circularly polarizing plate) while being reflected and transmitted by the light reflection layer RL, the stokes vector of the reflected light Sout is obtained as a solution of the following formula (16).
Sout＝P·A·C·M·C·A·P·Sin…(16)
In formula (16), P, A, M, SinAs follows.
P: miller matrix of polarizing film 14
A: a plate 18 Miller matrix
C: miller matrix of C-plate 20
M: miller matrix of light-reflecting layer RL
Sin: stokes vector of incident light
The mueller matrix of the optical elements is a 4 × 4 matrix, and for example, the polarizing film 14 and the phase difference film 12 are characterized by the following formulas (17) to (18) ("basis and application of polarization propagation analysis, yokuhao, nasty, nash-et-meyer, pages 57 to 61, and 2015" reference).
[ mathematical formula 8]
T in formula (17)1Is the transmittance in the transmission axis direction, T, of the polarizing film 142Is the transmittance in the direction of the absorption axis 14a in the polarizing film 14. Δ δ (rad) in the formula (17) is the phase difference of the retardation film 12.
The light-reflecting layer RL can be captured as a phase difference sub-element in which the phase difference increases in proportion to the tilt angle θ, similarly to the C plate 20. For this purpose, the phase difference sub-element and the amplitude reflection element can be defined separately. The retardation sub-elements of the light reflection layer RL define a miller matrix in the same manner as the retardation film 12.
When calculating an actual circular polarizer structure, it is necessary to reflect the optical axes of the optical elements in the mueller matrix. For example, when the slow axis (slow axis 12a) in the plane of the a plate 18 of the retardation film 12 of the formula (18) is defined by only the rotation angle ξ (rad), the rotation matrix Z (ξ) acts on both sides of the miller matrix as shown in the formula (19).
[ mathematical formula 9]
The reflectance spectrum of the light that is reflected by the light reflecting layer RL through the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) and visually recognized through the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) again can be obtained by obtaining the S0 component of the stokes vector at each wavelength from the above equation (16). This corresponds to the reflectance of a component that reaches the inside of the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) without being reflected at the interface between air and the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate). On the other hand, the reflectance Rfo at the interface between the air and the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) changes in proportion to the tilt angle θ and the refractive index ns, and is represented by the following formula (20).
[ MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 10]
The interface between the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) and air is, for example, the interface between the polarizing plate 10 and air when the surface of the polarizing plate 10 of the optical laminate 6 is in contact with the air layer. When the optical laminate 6 further includes a front panel on the viewing side of the polarizer 10, and the front panel is laminated in close contact with the polarizer 10 with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, the interface between the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) and air is the interface between the viewing side of the front panel and the air layer.
As described above, the total reflectance Rf between the surface reflectance at the interface with air of the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) and the internal reflectance that is reflected by the light reflecting layer RL of the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) and visually recognized again by the optical laminate 6 is obtained by the following formula (21). The interface reflection and multiple reflection between layers constituting the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) are not considered.
Rf＝Rfo+(1-Rfo)×S0
＝Rfo+S0-Rfo×S0…(21)
The optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) may be provided with an antireflection film at the interface with air.
The antireflection film may be a single-layer structure composed of a low refractive index layer having a low refractive index, or a multilayer structure in which a low refractive index layer having a low refractive index and a high refractive index layer having a high refractive index are stacked in this order. When the antireflection film is provided and the surface reflectance is, for example, 2% or less, and further 1% or less, the color difference of the internal reflection light that is reflected by the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) on the light reflection layer RL and is visually recognized again by the optical laminate 6 (circularly polarizing plate) is relatively easy to visually recognize, and therefore the structure of the present invention is more effectively exhibited.
Tristimulus value X of standard illuminant W (lambda)W、YW、ZWAnd tristimulus value X of reflective light-emitting body Rf (lambda) × W (lambda)Rf、YRf、ZRfUsing the isochromatic functions x (λ), y (λ), and z (λ) of tristimulus values (international commission on illumination (CIE) recommendation, 1931), the results were calculated according to the following formulas (22A) to (22B) ("color engineering entry, tambour, rattan-lang co-production, northwest press, pages 106 to 107, and 2007" reference). Standard illuminants use D65 light sources (ISO 10526: 1999/CIE S005/E-1998).
[ mathematical formula 11 ]
L*a*b*Color phase value a of reflected light of color system*、b*And a chroma value C*Tristimulus value X using standard illuminant W (lambda)W、YW、ZWAnd tristimulus value X of reflective light-emitting body Rf (lambda) × W (lambda)Rf、YRf、ZRfThe calculation is performed according to the equations (23) to (25) ("color engineering entry, Tianbo, Ten Zhi Yilang Co-writing, Senbei publication, page 122, 2007" reference).
[ MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 12 ]
When the slow axis 12a, the x axis, the fast axis 12b, and the y axis of the a plate 18 are each parallel, a case where the image display device 2 is viewed from a field of view (a tilt angle θ direction) tilted by θ from the z axis (a case where it is viewed from the hollow arrow direction in fig. 2) is referred to as "tilt angle θ viewing" (refer to fig. 2).
In this case, the chroma C is changed with a change in the xy in-plane angle ξ*Taking the dipolar value C caused by the two-fold symmetry of the A plate 18f *And Cs *A of them*b*The coordinate in the plane is Cf *(af *，bf *)、Cs *(as *，bs *). The distance between the two points is Δ C*The observed skew difference as the tilt angle θ is shown by the following equation (26).
[ mathematical formula 13]
When the oblique color difference observed at the oblique angle θ is minimized, the color change and the intensity change of the reflected color are minimized when the image display device 2 is observed from all angles, and the optimal image display performance can be obtained.
The properties of the polarizing film 14 are not changed, and the following expression (27) may be satisfied in order to adjust the properties of the retardation film 12 and the light reflection layer RL to realize the minimum skew color.
RthA+RthC+RthM＝0…(27)
In the formula (27), rth a is the retardation in the thickness direction of the a plate 18, RthC is the retardation in the thickness direction of the C plate 20, and RthM is the retardation in the thickness direction of the light reflecting layer RL.
The retardation on the projection plane 22 when the fast axis 12b is the rotation axis among the in-plane retardations of the A plate 18 is defined as R (θ) AfastThe retardation on the projection plane when the slow axis 12a is the rotation axis is R (θ) Aslow. Similarly, the in-plane retardation of the C plate 20 on the projection surface 22 is denoted by R (θ) C, and the in-plane retardation of the light reflection layer RL on the projection surface 22 is denoted by R (θ) M.
When the retardation of the a plate 18 when viewed from the front (when the inclination angle θ is 0) is defined as R (0) a, the optimum optical design of the image display device 2 can be described using the following expression (28).
The following expression (28) is also satisfied when the above expression (27) is satisfied, and when the tilt difference Δ C observed at the tilt angle θ of the expression (26)*The most suitable is.
R(θ)Afast+{R(θ)C+R(θ)M}
＝R(θ)Aslow-{R(θ)C+R(θ)M}
＝R0A…(28)
Further, when the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are regarded as one retardation layer, the in-plane retardation R (θ) in the projection plane 22 viewed at the tilt angle θfast、R(θ)slowThe following formulas (29) and (30) are characterized.
R(θ)fast＝R(θ)Afast+R(θ)C…(29)
R(θ)slow＝R(θ)Aslow-R(θ)C…(30)
By rewriting formula (28) using formulae (29) and (30), formulae (31) and (32) can be obtained.
α＝R0-{R(θ)fast+R(θ)M}…(31)
β＝R0-{R(θ)slow-R(θ)M}…(32)
Further, since the light reflecting layer RL of the present embodiment has a reflection retardation, the following expression (33) holds.
|R(θ)M|＞0nm…(33)
The formulae (31) to (33) correspond to the formulae (i), (ii), and (iv). Further, the image display device 2 also satisfies the formula (iii). The expressions (i) and (ii) (or the expressions (31) and (32) are expressions that take into account the reflection retardation of the light-reflecting layer RL, as described above.
In the design of an optical compensation member such as a circularly polarizing plate, a reflection phase difference of a light reflection layer has not been reflected in the past. However, in practice, since the influence of the reflection phase difference of the light reflecting layer occurs, it is not possible to sufficiently (or as designed) suppress the oblique color difference.
In contrast, the image display device 2 satisfies expressions (i) to (iv) in consideration of the reflection phase difference of the light reflection layer RL. Therefore, the image display device 2 has a configuration optimally designed to minimize the oblique color difference. As a result, the skew can be sufficiently suppressed (or as designed, or in a desired state).
In order to satisfy the formulas (i) to (iv), in manufacturing the image display device 2, for example, the types and the formulation ratios of the thermoplastic resin and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound that form the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 of the retardation film 12 may be adjusted, or the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 may be adjusted.
As examples of the image display layer 4, an OLED display device and a micro LED display device are given. However, other examples of the image display layer 4 include a liquid crystal display device, an electron emission display device (e.g., an electric field emission display device (FED), a surface field emission display device (SED), electronic paper (a display device using electronic ink or an electrophoretic element), a plasma display device, a projection display device (e.g., a grating light valve (also referred to as GLV) display device, a display device having a digital micromirror device (also referred to as DMD), a piezoelectric ceramic display, and the like.
In particular, in the image display device 2 including an organic EL display device or an inorganic EL display device as the light reflection layer RL, it is possible to suppress the intensity change of the external light reflected light and to show a stable black display capability without changing from the front direction even when viewed obliquely.
(embodiment 2)
As embodiment 2, a description will be given of conditions that are satisfied by the image display device 2 from a viewpoint different from that of embodiment 1. In embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 3, a plane orthogonal to the direction of the inclination angle θ with respect to the thickness direction of the image display device 2 (the stacking direction of the image display layer 4 and the optical layered body 6) is set as the projection plane 22. In embodiment 2, the projection plane 22 is a plane where θ is 50 degrees. Therefore, the retardation of the image display layer 4 on the projection surface 22 is R (50) M. The retardation described in embodiment 2 is a retardation at a wavelength of 550nm unless otherwise specified.
The in-plane retardation of the retardation film 12 is R0, and the retardation in the thickness direction of the retardation film 12 is Rth. R0 is the sum of in-plane retardations of the layers constituting the retardation film 12. Rth is the sum of the retardations in the thickness direction of each layer constituting the retardation film 12. As shown in fig. 1, when the retardation film 12 has the a plate and the C plate, R0 represents the total in-plane retardation of the a plate and the C plate, and Rth represents the total in-thickness retardation of the a plate and the C plate.
The Nz coefficient of the phase difference film 12 is characterized by formula (v). Further, the ratio of the in-plane retardation R0 of the retardation film to the in-plane retardation R (50) M of the image display layer 4 on the projection plane 22 is expressed by formula (vi) as ρ coefficient.
Nz＝(Rth/R0)+0.5…(v)
ρ＝R(50)M/R0…(vi)
The image display device 2 satisfies all of the following formulas (vii), (viii), and (ix), or satisfies the formulas (vii), (x), and (xi).
3.5ρ+0.39＜Nz＜3.5ρ+0.65…(vii)
ρ＞0···(viii)
0.5＜Nz≤1.5…(ix)
ρ＜0…(x)
-1.5＜Nz＜0.5…(xi)
In other words, the image display device 2 is a device including the retardation film 12 and the image display layer 4, which satisfy all of the regions expressed by the formula (vii) in the ρ -Nz coordinate system (rectangular coordinate system) and satisfy the formula (vii), the formula (viii), and the formula (ix), or the group of ρ and Nz included in the region satisfying the formula (vii), the formula (x), and the formula (xi). In addition, formula (viii) -1 may be substituted for formula (viii). Formula (ix-1) may be substituted for formula (ix). Instead of formula (x), formula (x-1) may be used. Instead of formula (xi), formula (xi-1) may be used.
0＜ρ＜0.12…(viii-1)
0.5＜Nz≤1.0…(ix-1)
-0.06＜ρ＜0…(x-1)
0.2＜Nz＜0.5…(xi-1)
When ρ is larger than 0 (when the above expression (viii) is satisfied), the ranges of the following expressions (xii), (xiii), and (xiv) are preferably satisfied.
0.06≤ρ≤0.11…(xii)
Nz≥3.5ρ+0.405…(xiii)
Nz≤3.5ρ+0.61…(xiv)
When ρ is smaller than 0 (when the above expression (x) is satisfied), the ranges of the following expressions (xv), (xvi) and (xvii) are preferably satisfied.
-0.07≤ρ≤-0.04…(xv)
Nz≥3.5ρ+0.42…(xvi)
Nz≤3.5ρ+0.59…(xvii)
The image display device 2 according to embodiment 2 can be manufactured by adjusting the kinds and the formulation ratios of the thermoplastic resin and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound forming the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 of the retardation film 12, or by adjusting the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20, for example.
In embodiment 2 as well, the image display device 2 satisfies the above-described condition in consideration of the reflection phase difference of the image display layer 4. Therefore, the image display device 2 has a configuration optimally designed to minimize the oblique color difference. As a result, the skew color can be sufficiently suppressed (or set as desired or in a desired state).
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The circularly polarizing plate is given as an example of the optical laminate 6, but the optical laminate 6 is not limited to the circularly polarizing plate.
[ examples ] A method for producing a compound
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the examples, "%" and "part(s)" mean mass% and part(s) by mass unless otherwise specified. The circularly polarizing plate described below corresponds to the optical laminate described in the above embodiment, and the light reflecting layer corresponds to the image display layer.
[ measuring method ]
< method for measuring thickness of film >
The thickness of the film was measured using a contact type film thickness meter (MH-15M manufactured by Nikon corporation, counters TC101, MS-5C).
< method of measuring delay >
The retardation in the thickness direction and in-plane retardation of the A plate and the C plate were measured by using a birefringence measurement device (KOBRA-WPR, manufactured by Oji scientific instruments Co., Ltd.).
The retardation of the light reflection layer per incident angle was measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M-2000, manufactured by j.a. woollam).
<Oblique color difference Δ C observed at an oblique angle of 50 degrees*>
The difference Δ C in the tilt angle of 50 degrees was measured by the display evaluation system DMS803 manufactured by Instrument systems GmbH*。
[ preparation of light reflecting layer ]
The following seven light reflective layers were used.
Light reflection layer a: a brass plate made of durable metal, namely M560, was used.
A light reflection layer B: a commercially available smartphone iPhone (registered trademark) X having an OLED display device mounted thereon, made by Apple inc, was disassembled, and the cover glass and the circular polarizing plate were taken out and used.
A light reflection layer C: a glossy surface of "raw foil thickness 50" of an aluminum foil manufactured by UACJ was used.
Light reflection layer D: the copper plate is subjected to hard chrome plating (industrial chrome plating JISH 8615).
Light reflection layer E: eagle XG manufactured by Corning, an alkali-free glass plate was used.
Light reflection layer F: as the high reflectance reflector, MIRO 55011 GP with a high reflectance coated aluminum vapor deposited reflector manufactured by Alanod was used.
Light reflection layer G: a commercially available samsung electronic tablet computer Galaxy tab S8.4 having an OLED display mounted thereon was disassembled, and the cover glass and the circularly polarizing plate were taken out and used.
The reflection phase difference Δ δ 50(550) at a wavelength of 550nm of a tilt angle of 50 degrees and the reflection retardation R50M (550) of each light reflection layer are shown in table 1. In order to measure these under conditions simulating an actual OLED display device, the light reflection layers a to G were each bonded with an unstretched cycloolefin polymer. The in-plane retardation of the cycloolefin polymer is less than 0.1 at any of wavelengths of 450nm, 550nm and 630 nm.
[ TABLE 1 ]
[ production of circularly polarizing plate ]
[ preparation of composition for Forming horizontally oriented film ]
5 parts of a photo-alignment material (weight average molecular weight: 30000) having the following structure and 95 parts of cyclopentanone (solvent) were mixed. The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming a horizontally oriented film.
[ chemical formula 1 ]
[ preparation of composition for Forming vertical alignment film ]
The product was manufactured by Nissan chemical industries, サンエバ -SE 610.
[ preparation of composition for Forming horizontally oriented liquid Crystal cured film ]
The following polymerizable liquid crystal compound a and polymerizable liquid crystal compound B were used to form a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (a plate). The polymerizable liquid crystal compound A is produced by the method described in JP-A2010-31223. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound B is produced by following the method described in Japanese patent laid-open No. 2009-173893. The respective molecular structures are shown below.
[ polymerizable liquid Crystal Compound A ]
[ chemical formula 2 ]
[ polymerizable liquid Crystal Compound B ]
[ chemical formula 3]
Mixing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound A and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound B in a ratio of 87: 13 in mass ratio. To 100 parts of the obtained mixture were added 1.0 part of a leveling agent (F-556; available from DIC Co., Ltd.) and 6 parts of 2-dimethylamino-2-dibenzoyl-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) butan-1-one (Irgacure369, available from BASF Japan K.K.) as a polymerization initiator. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was further added so that the solid content concentration became 13%, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film.
[ adjustment of composition for Forming vertically aligned liquid Crystal cured film ]
To form a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (C plate), a composition was prepared in the following order. To 100 parts of Paliocolor LC242 (registered trademark of BASF corporation) as a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, 0.1 part of F-556 was added as a leveling agent, and 3 parts of Irgacure369 was added as a polymerization initiator. Cyclopentanone was added so that the solid content concentration became 13%, to obtain a composition for forming a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film.
[ production of polarizing plate ]
A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film having an average polymerization degree of about 2,400, a saponification degree of 99.9 mol% or more and a thickness of 75 μm was prepared. After immersing the PVA film in pure water at 30 ℃, the film was immersed in an aqueous solution having an iodine/potassium iodide/water mass ratio of 0.02/2/100 at 30 ℃ to carry out iodine dyeing (iodine dyeing step). The PVA film subjected to the iodine dyeing step was immersed in an aqueous solution having a potassium iodide/boric acid/water mass ratio of 12/5/100 at 56.5 ℃ to be subjected to boric acid treatment (boric acid treatment step). The PVA film subjected to the boric acid treatment step was washed with pure water at 8 ℃ and then dried at 65 ℃ to obtain a polarizing film in which iodine was adsorbed and oriented to polyvinyl alcohol. The PVA film is stretched in the iodine dyeing step and the boric acid treatment step. The total draw ratio of the PVA film was 5.3 times. The thickness of the obtained polarizing film was 10 μm.
A polarizing film and a saponified triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (KC 4UYTAC thickness 40 μm, manufactured by Konika Mentoda Co., Ltd.) were bonded to each other with a nip roll using an aqueous adhesive. The obtained bonded product was dried at 60 ℃ for 2 minutes while maintaining the tension of 430N/m, to obtain a polarizing plate having a TAC film as a protective film on one surface. Further, 3 parts of a carboxyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol (manufactured by Korea corporation, "クラレポバ - ル KL 318") and a 1.5-part water-soluble polyamide-epoxy resin (manufactured by Taoka chemical industry Co., Ltd. "スミレーズレジン 650", an aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 30%) were added to 100 parts of water to prepare an aqueous adhesive.
The optical characteristics of the obtained polarizing plate were measured. The polarizing film surface of the polarizing plate obtained above was used as an incident surface, and the measurement was performed by a spectrophotometer ("V7100", manufactured by japan spectrographic corporation). The absorption axis of the polarizing plate was aligned with the stretching direction of polyvinyl alcohol, and the obtained polarizing plate had a visibility compensation monomer transmittance of 42.3%, a visibility compensation polarization degree of 99.996%, a monomer hue a of-1.0, and a monomer hue b of 2.7.
[ production of a horizontally oriented liquid Crystal cured film (A plate) ]
A cyclic olefin resin (COP) film (ZF-14-50) manufactured by ZEON corporation of Japan was subjected to corona treatment. Corona treatment was performed using TEC-4AX available from Niacin (USHIO) Motor Co. The corona treatment was carried out 1 time under conditions of an output of 0.78kW and a treatment speed of 10 m/min. The composition for forming a horizontally oriented film was coated on a COP film by a bar coater and dried at 80 ℃ for 1 minute. The coated film was subjected to polarized UV exposure at an angle of 45 ℃ to Yui axis using a polarized UV irradiation apparatus ("SPOTCURES-9", manufactured by NIGHT ELECTRIC MACHINES Co., Ltd.) so that the cumulative quantity of light at a wavelength of 313nm became 100mJ/cm2. The thickness of the obtained horizontal alignment film was 100 nm.
Subsequently, the composition for forming a horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film was applied to a horizontally oriented film using a bar coater, and dried at 120 ℃ for 1 minute. The coating film was irradiated with ultraviolet rays (cumulative light amount at a wavelength of 365nm under a nitrogen atmosphere: 500 mJ/cm) BY using a high-pressure mercury lamp ("uniQure VB-15201 BY-A", manufactured BY Nikoku electric Co., Ltd.)2) To form a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film. The thickness of the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film was about 1.9 μm.
An adhesive layer is laminated on the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film. A film including a COP film, an alignment film, and a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film was laminated on the glass with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer interposed therebetween. The COP film was peeled to obtain a sample for measuring retardation.
As a result of measuring retardation R0A (λ) at each wavelength, the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film showed reverse wavelength dispersibility as follows.
R0A(450)＝124nm
R0A(550)＝142nm
R0A(650)＝146nm
R0A(450)/R0A(550)＝0.87
R0A(650)/R0A(550)＝1.03
The cured film of the horizontally aligned liquid crystal is
Positive a plate of the relationship (a).The results of measuring the retardation rth (λ) at each wavelength are as follows.
RthA(450)＝64nm
RthA(550)＝71nm
RthA(650)＝73nm
[ production of a vertical alignment liquid Crystal cured film (C plate) ]
The COP film was subjected to corona treatment. The conditions of the corona treatment were the same as described above. The composition for forming a vertically aligned film was coated on a COP film by a bar coater and dried at 80 ℃ for 1 minute to obtain a vertically aligned film. The thickness of the obtained vertical alignment film was 50 nm.
The composition for forming a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was applied to a vertically aligned film using a bar coater and dried at 90 ℃ for 120 seconds. The coating film was irradiated with ultraviolet rays (cumulative light amount at a wavelength of 365nm in a nitrogen atmosphere: 500 mJ/cm) BY using a high-pressure mercury lamp ("uniQure VB-15201 BY-A", manufactured BY Nikoku electric Co., Ltd.)2) To form a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film. Thus, films including COP films, vertical alignment films, and vertical alignment liquid crystal cured films were obtained. The thickness of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was 0.2. mu.m.
An adhesive layer is laminated on the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film. A film including a COP film, an alignment film, and a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was laminated on the glass with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer interposed therebetween. The COP film was peeled off to obtain a sample for measuring retardation. As a result of measuring the retardation RthC1(550) at a wavelength of 550nm, RthC (550) — 20 nm.
The vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film is
Positive C plate of the relationship (1).
A vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film surface of a vertically aligned film and a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (C plate) formed on a COP film, and a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film surface of a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (a plate) formed on the COP film were bonded to each other with an adhesive interposed therebetween, and then the COP film on the a plate side was peeled off to obtain a film in which the COP film, the C plate, and the a plate were laminated in this order.
Among the films, the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (a plate) was subjected to corona treatment. The conditions of the corona treatment were the same as described above. The polarizing film 14 and the horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film (a plate) in the polarizing plate 10 are laminated so as to be in contact with each other via an adhesive layer. At this time, the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the slow axis of the horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film was 45 °. Thus, a circularly polarizing plate (1) in which the retardation film and the polarizing plate were laminated with the adhesive layer interposed therebetween was obtained. The circularly polarizing plate (1) has a layer structure of a TAC film, a polarizing film, an adhesive layer, a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (A plate), an adhesive layer, and a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (C plate).
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (2) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (2) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 0.3 μm and that rth (550) was-30 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (3) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (3) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 0.4 μm and that rth (550) was-40 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (4) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (4) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 0.5 μm and that rth (550) was-50 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (5) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (5) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 0.6 μm and that rth (550) was-60 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (6) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (6) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 0.7 μm and that rth (550) was-70 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (7) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (7) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 0.8 μm and that rth (550) was-80 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (8) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (8) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 0.9 μm and that rth (550) was-90 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (9) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (9) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the cured homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film was 1.0 μm and that rth (550) was-100 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (10) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (10) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the C-plate (20) was not provided.
< example 1>
The surface lamination adhesive layer is exposed by peeling off the COP film in the circular polarizing plate (1). A circularly polarizing plate (1) and a light reflecting layer (A) are laminated with the adhesive layer interposed therebetween to obtain a laminate.
The obtained laminate was measured for retardation R50A, which assumed the axis of rotation as the fast axis, among the in-plane retardation R0A (550) of the a plate of the circularly polarizing plate (1) and the in-plane retardation in the projection plane when observed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees, respectivelyfast(550) And a delay R50A when the rotation axis is assumed to be the slow axisslow(550) A retardation in the thickness direction of the plate C RthC (550), an in-plane retardation in the projection plane when observed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees R50C (550), and a reflection phase difference in the projection plane when observed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees R50M (550).
The obtained laminate was measured for the skew color difference.
With respect to the transmittance T1 in the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate 10, the transmittance T2 in the absorption axis direction, the three-dimensional refractive indices nAx, nAy, and nAz of the a plate and the in-plane retardation R0A at a wavelength of 550nm, the three-dimensional refractive indices nAx, nAy, and nAz of the C plate 20 and the retardation RthC in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550nm, and the reflection retardation R50M of the light reflecting layer, the oblique color difference observed at an oblique angle of 50 degrees was calculated from the above measurement data in the range of 380nm to 780mm in wavelength using equations (6) to (26).
The resultant laminate was evaluated for visual recognition of the pattern drawn on the surface of the light-reflecting layer by visual observation. The more difficult the pattern is visually recognized, the less the change in the reflected color is, and the better the display characteristics are obtained regardless of the angle. The drawing was a 3mm diameter Landolt ring with an opening of 0.5mm and drawn with a dark green oil pen, Hi-Mckee Brilliant blue manufactured by ZEBRA. The opening direction was set to be random. The relationship between the optical axis of the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film and the position of an observer was changed.
Specifically, the observation was visually made from the vicinity of an elevation angle (tilt angle) of 50 degrees at an in-plane angle parallel to the fast axis of the a plate. The hue of the reflected light in this direction is dark green, and is similar to the color of the pattern drawn on the surface of the light reflection layer, so that visual recognition is relatively difficult. On the other hand, the hue of the reflected light when viewed from near 50 degrees of elevation angle at an in-plane angle parallel to the slow axis of the a plate becomes red, and is different from the color of the pattern drawn on the surface of the light reflection layer, so that the pattern can be relatively easily visually recognized. The visual recognizability of the pattern in the opening direction is clearly determined by the following criteria 1 to 4 as a whole when viewed from the slow axis direction and the fast axis direction.
"1": the opening direction cannot be recognized.
"2": the opening direction can be recognized by careful observation.
"3": the opening direction can be recognized.
"4": the opening direction can be clearly recognized.
As a result, it was found that the color of the reflected light was uniform in any direction of the laminate obtained in example 1, and a favorable black display could be performed with a large viewing angle.
Examples 2 to 19, comparative examples 1 to 30 and reference examples 1 to 10
A laminate was produced in the same manner as in example 1 except that the combination of the circularly polarizing plates (1) to (10) and the light reflecting layers a to G was changed as shown in tables 2 to 4. The obtained laminate was measured for the skew color difference in the same manner as in example 1. In addition, in the same manner as in example 1, the obtained laminate was evaluated for visibility of the pattern drawn on the surface of the light reflective layer by visual observation when the relationship between the optical axis of the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film and the position of the observer was changed.
In comparative example 9 using the light-reflecting layer B, a commercially available smartphone iPhone (registered trademark) X having an OLED display device mounted thereon, made by Apple inc, was decomposed, and only the cover glass was taken out to carry out the oblique color difference Δ C*And evaluating the visual recognizability of the pattern.
In comparative example 23 using the light reflecting layer G, a commercially available samsung electronic tablet pc galaxytabas 8.4 having an OLED display mounted thereon was decomposed, and only the cover glass was taken out to perform the oblique color difference Δ C*And evaluating the visual recognizability of the pattern.
Since the reflection layer E has a reflection phase difference of 0 as shown in table 1, the color difference observed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees was calculated by simulations using expressions (6) to (26) for combinations of the reflection layer E and the circularly polarizing plates (1) to (10). Therefore, the case of using the light reflecting layer E is taken as reference examples 1 to 10.
The results of examples 1 to 19, comparative examples 1 to 30 and reference examples 1 to 10 were collated with the viewpoint of embodiment 1. Tables 2 to 4 are tables showing the results of examples, reference examples and comparative examples from the viewpoint of embodiment 1.
In tables 2 to 4, the meanings of the item names are as follows.
1: light reflecting layer used
II: polarizing plate for use
III: results of visual evaluation
ΔC*: measurement of oblique color difference
R0: measurement result of retardation in thickness direction of circularly polarizing plate
R50fast: measurement result of retardation when the rotation axis is assumed to be the fast axis among in-plane retardations of circularly polarizing plates in the projection plane when observed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees
R50slow: measurement result of retardation when the rotation axis is assumed to be the slow axis among in-plane retardations of circularly polarizing plates in the projection plane when observed at an inclination angle of 50 degrees
R50M: in-plane retardation of light-reflecting layer in projection plane
α: mixing R0, R (theta) of formula (i)fastAnd R (θ) M is R0 or R50fastAnd the calculation result of the case of R50M
Beta: mixing R0, R (theta) of formula (ii)slowAnd R (θ) M is R0 or R50slowAnd the calculation result of the case of R50M
| α | + | β |: results of calculation based on α and β in tables 2 to 4
R0 and R50 in tables 2 to 4fast、R50slowAnd R50M is the retardation at wavelength 550 nm.
In tables 2 to 4, reference examples 1 to 10 are simulation results, and therefore the column of the item name III (result of visual evaluation) is set as an empty column.
As shown in tables 2 to 4, comparative examples 1 to 30 and reference examples 1 to 10 do not satisfy any of the above formulas (i) to (iv). The visual evaluation in comparative examples 1 to 30 was 3 or more.
On the other hand, examples 1 to 19 satisfy the above formulas (i) to (iv). At this time, the visual evaluation was 1 or 2. Therefore, it can be understood that the oblique color difference can be sufficiently suppressed in examples 1 to 19.
The results of examples 1 to 19, comparative examples 1 to 30 and reference examples 1 to 10 were collated in view of embodiment 2. Tables 5 to 7 are graphs showing the results of examples, reference examples and comparative examples from the viewpoint of embodiment 2.
In tables 5 to 7, the meanings of the item names are as follows. The item names "I", "II", "III", "Δ C*"and" M50M "are the same as in tables 2 to 4.
R0A: measurement result of in-plane retardation of horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (a-plate) of circularly polarizing plate
RthA: measurement result of retardation in thickness direction of horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (a-plate) of circularly polarizing plate
And (2) RthC: measurement result of retardation in thickness direction of vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (C-plate) included in circularly polarizing plate
Nz: the calculation results (Nz coefficient) when Rth and R0 in formula (v) are (RthA + RthC) and R0A, respectively
ρ: the calculation results (coefficient ρ) for R50M and R0 for R (50) M and R0 in formula (vi)
R0, R0A, RthA, RthC and R50M in tables 5 to 7 are retardations at a wavelength of 550 nm.
In tables 5 to 7 and fig. 5, since the reference example is a simulation result, the column of the item name III (result of visual evaluation) is set as an empty column.
[ TABLE 2 ]
[ TABLE 3]
[ TABLE 4 ]
[ TABLE 5 ]
[ TABLE 6]
[ TABLE 7]
FIG. 5 is a drawing in which examples 1 to 19 and comparative examples 1 to 30 described in tables 5 to 7 are drawn on a rho-Nz plane. In fig. 5, the horizontal axis represents ρ and the vertical axis represents Nz. The line L1 and the line L2 in fig. 5 are each a line represented by the following formula.
L1：Nz＝3.5ρ+0.65
L2：Nz＝3.5ρ+0.39
The shaded region among ρ > 0 in fig. 5 is a region that all satisfies formula (vi), formula (viii), and formula (ix). The shaded region among ρ < 0 in fig. 5 is a region satisfying the formulas (vi), (x), and (xi).
As shown in fig. 5, all the examples are included in the shaded area, and the comparative examples are not included in the shaded area. Further, the visual evaluation in comparative examples 1 to 30 was 3 or more, from tables 5 to 7. On the other hand, examples 1 to 19 had a visual evaluation of 1 or 2. Therefore, it can be understood that the oblique color difference can be sufficiently suppressed in examples 1 to 19 contained in the region (shaded region in fig. 5) satisfying all of the formulae (vi), (viii), and (ix) or satisfying the formulae (vi), (x), and (xi).
In fig. 5, a region 24 surrounded by a two-dot chain line is a range satisfying the above-described expression (xii), expression (xiii), and expression (xiv) in a range where ρ is larger than 0. It can be understood that since the region 24 includes the examples, it is preferable that the expressions (xii), (xiii), and (xiv) are satisfied in a range where ρ is larger than 0.
In fig. 5, a region 26 surrounded by a two-dot chain line is a range satisfying the above-described formulas (xv), (xvi), and (xvii) in a range where ρ is smaller than 0. It can be understood that, since the region 26 includes examples, in a range where ρ is smaller than 0, ranges satisfying the formulas (xv), (xvi), and (xvii) are preferable.
Claims (6)
1. An image display device is provided with:
a light-reflective image display layer; and
a phase difference film and a polarizing film provided on an image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer,
the image display device is characterized in that,
the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the in-plane slow axis of the phase difference film is 45 degrees + -5 degrees,
the in-plane retardation of the retardation film was set to R0,
a plane orthogonal to a direction having an inclination angle theta with respect to the thickness direction of the retardation film is set as a projection plane,
assuming that an in-plane fast axis of the retardation film is a rotation axis, an in-plane retardation of the retardation film in the projection plane is R (θ)fast，
Assuming that the in-plane slow axis of the retardation film is a rotation axis, the in-plane retardation of the retardation film on the projection plane is R (theta)slow，
Setting an in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer in the projection plane to be R (theta) M,
in this case, the following formulae (i) to (iv) are satisfied:
α＝R0-{R(θ)fast+R(θ)M}…(i)
β＝R0-{R(θ)slow-R(θ)M}…(ii)
|α(θ)|+|β(θ)|＜10nm…(iii)
|R(θ)M|＞0nm…(iv)。
2. the image display device according to claim 1,
the R0, the R (theta)fastR (theta)slowAnd said R (θ) M is the retardation at wavelength 550 nm.
3. The image display device according to claim 1 or 2,
the inclination angle θ is 50 degrees.
4. An image display device is provided with:
a light-reflective image display layer; and
a phase difference film and a polarizing film provided on an image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer,
the image display device is characterized in that,
the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the in-plane slow axis of the phase difference film is 45 degrees + -5 degrees,
the in-plane retardation of the retardation film was set to R0,
the retardation in the thickness direction of the retardation film is Rth,
a plane orthogonal to a direction inclined at an angle of 50 degrees with respect to a thickness direction of the retardation film is defined as a projection plane, and an in-plane retardation of the light-reflective image display layer in the projection plane is defined as R (50) M,
nz and ρ are represented by the formulae (v) and (vi),
in this case, Nz and ρ satisfy the formulae (vii), (viii) and (ix), or satisfy the formulae (vii), (x) and (xi),
the R0, the Rth and the R (50) M are retardation for a wavelength of 550nm,
Nz＝(Rth/R0)+0.5…(v)
ρ＝R(50)M/R0…(vi)
3.5ρ+0.39＜Nz＜3.5ρ+0.65…(vii)
ρ＞0···(viii)
0.5＜Nz≤1.5…(ix)
ρ＜0…(x)
-1.5＜Nz＜0.5…(xi)。
5. the image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the phase difference film has an A plate and a C plate.
6. The image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the phase difference film and the polarizing film constitute a circularly polarizing plate.
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| JP2019199077 | 2019-10-31 | ||
| JP2019-199077 | 2019-10-31 | ||
| JP2020-150455 | 2020-09-08 | ||
| JP2020150455A JP6916940B2 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-09-08 | Image display device |
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