CN112748490A - Image display device - Google Patents
Image display device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112748490A CN112748490A CN202011179178.9A CN202011179178A CN112748490A CN 112748490 A CN112748490 A CN 112748490A CN 202011179178 A CN202011179178 A CN 202011179178A CN 112748490 A CN112748490 A CN 112748490A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- film
- image display
- light
- plate
- polarizing plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an image display device, which can restrain the color tone change of external light reflected light when observed from an oblique direction. An image display device according to one embodiment includes a light-reflective image display layer and a circularly polarizing plate provided on an image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer, wherein when Rth is a total of retardations in a direction perpendicular to the image display surface between a linearly polarizing plate and the light-reflective image display layer of the circularly polarizing plate, the light-reflective image display layer and the image display layer are perpendicular to each otherReflection tone b of inclination angle 50 degrees＊Satisfies the following expression (i). 2.5 xb＊－25≤Rth≤2.5×b＊+40···(i)。
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an image display device.
Background
Some flat panel display devices include, for example, organic EL (electroluminescence) image display devices in which, for example, metal electrodes or the like are disposed. Therefore, when external light enters such a flat panel display device, reflection is generated inside. In order to reduce the influence of such internal reflection, a circular polarizing plate in which a retardation film and a polarizing film are laminated is provided in a flat panel display device. As such a circularly polarizing plate, for example, an elliptically polarizing plate as described in patent document 1 is known.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2015-163940
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
In the flat panel display device as described above, even if a circularly polarizing plate for suppressing reflection of external light is disposed, there is a problem that the color tone of the external light reflected light is likely to change when the display device is rotated in a plane while viewing a screen from an oblique direction, for example.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an image display device in which a change in color tone of external light reflected light when viewed from an oblique direction is suppressed.
Means for solving the problems
The present inventors have found that a change in color tone of external light reflected light when viewed from an oblique direction can be suppressed by considering the color tone of reflection of an image display layer in which a circularly polarizing plate is disposed, and have completed the present invention.
An image display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a light-reflective image display layer, and a circularly polarizing plate provided on an image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer, wherein when Rth is a total of retardations in a vertical direction with respect to the image display surface between a linearly polarizing plate included in the circularly polarizing plate and the light-reflective image display layer, a reflection color tone b having an inclination angle of 50 degrees with respect to the vertical direction with respect to the light-reflective image display layer is represented by*Satisfies the following expression (i).
2.5×b*－25≤Rth≤2.5×b*+40···(i)
In the above configuration, the image display device 2 satisfies the formula (i). I.e. between the linearly polarizing plate and the image display layerRth, which is the sum of the retardations in the vertical direction of (1), and the reflection color tone b of the image display layer*And (7) corresponding. Therefore, even if the image display device is rotated in the plane while viewing the screen from an oblique direction, the color tone variation of the reflected light can be suppressed.
The circularly polarizing plate may include an a plate disposed on the light-reflective image display layer side, and the linearly polarizing plate disposed on the a plate.
In one embodiment, the a plate is, for example, a λ/4 phase difference plate.
The circularly polarizing plate may have a C plate disposed on the light-reflective image display layer side, and the a plate may be disposed on the C plate.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an image display device in which a change in color tone of external light reflected light when viewed from an oblique direction is suppressed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an image display device according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the tilt angle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a tone map.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the experimental results.
Description of the symbols
2 image display device, 4 image display layer (light reflective image display layer), 12 phase difference film, 14 polarizing film (linear polarizing plate), 18A plate, 20C plate.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. The dimensional ratios in the drawings do not necessarily correspond to the dimensional ratios illustrated.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an image display device 2 according to an embodiment. The image display device 2 includes an image display layer (light-reflective image display layer) 4 and a circularly polarizing plate 6. The image display layer 4 and the circularly polarizing plate 6 are joined. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the image display layer 4 and the circularly polarizing plate 6 are bonded by the adhesive layer 8 a.
The image display layer 4 forms an image therein, and displays the image on the image display surface 4 a. The image display layer 4 includes an element structure for forming an image, and the like. Therefore, the electrodes included in the element structure, the wiring connecting the element structures, and the like function as a reflection unit for reflecting light. Thus, the image display layer 4 has light reflectivity for reflecting light incident from the circularly polarizing plate 6 side to the image display device 2. L is*a*b*Color tone a of reflected light of color system*、b*Among them, b in the direction of the inclination angle 50 degrees of the image display layer 4 of the present embodiment*For example, it is-6 to 15 inclusive. At b*In the case of negative, the reflected color tone is blue and hardly noticeable, and in b*In the case of positive color (particularly, in the case of 6 or more), the color tends to be warm and noticeable. The image display layer 4 may be a flexible layer that can be bent or a rigid layer that cannot be bent. B in the case where the image display layer 4 has flexibility capable of bending*Preferably 10 to 16, and also preferably 4 to 8. In the case where the image display layer 4 has rigidity, b*Preferably-8 to-4. The thickness of the image display layer 4 is, for example, 1mm to 10 mm. Hereinafter, the color tone a in the present specification*、b*Is L*a*b*The hue of the color system.
The image display layer 4 is not limited in layer configuration, material, and the like as long as it is configured to form an image on the image display surface 4 a. The image display layer 4 may be a multi-layer structure including a portion (or layer) formed of an electrode and a wiring using a metal such as gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, or aluminum, or an alloy thereof, a dielectric portion such as a resin film, a bank material (japanese laid-open language: バンク material), a light-emitting element, and other layers.
The image display layer 4 is, for example, a flat panel display device. An example of the flat panel display device is a thin (or panel-shaped) organic electroluminescent display device (hereinafter also referred to as "OLED display device"). The display device exemplified as the image display layer 4 is a device in a state in which no member for performing optical compensation is included on the image display surface.
When the image display layer 4 is an OLED display device, an electrode (for example, a metal electrode) provided in the OLED display device is generally the above-described reflection portion. The OLED display device has a thin-film structure in which an organic light-emitting material layer is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes facing each other. Electrons are injected from one electrode into the organic light emitting material layer, and holes are injected from the other electrode into the organic light emitting material layer, whereby electrons and holes are recombined in the organic light emitting material layer to perform self-luminescence. Of the 2 electrodes sandwiching the organic light emitting material layer, the electrode on the image display surface 4a side has a function of transmitting light from the organic light emitting material layer, and the other electrode has a function of reflecting light from the organic light emitting material layer toward the image display surface 4 a.
Therefore, the other electrode generally functions as a reflection portion of the OLED display device.
The OLED display device has advantages that visibility is better than a liquid crystal display device or the like that requires a backlight, a reduction in thickness is possible, and dc low-voltage driving is possible.
[ adhesive layer ]
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8a may be formed of a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a resin such as a (meth) acrylic resin, a rubber resin, a urethane resin, an ester resin, a silicone resin, or a polyvinyl ether resin as a main component. Among them, the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is suitable for use as a base polymer of a (meth) acrylic resin excellent in transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like. The adhesive composition may be an active energy ray-curable type or a heat-curable type. The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8b is usually 3 to 30 μm, preferably 3 to 25 μm.
As the (meth) acrylic resin (base polymer) used in the adhesive composition, for example, a polymer or copolymer containing 1 or 2 or more kinds of (meth) acrylic acid esters such as butyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate as monomers can be suitably used. It is preferred to copolymerize the polar monomer with the base polymer. Examples of the polar monomer include monomers having a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an amino group, an epoxy group, and the like, such as (meth) acrylic acid, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, meth (acrylamide), N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, and glycidyl (meth) acrylate.
The adhesive composition may comprise only the above-mentioned base polymer, but usually also contains a crosslinking agent. Examples of the crosslinking agent include a crosslinking agent which is a metal ion having a valence of 2 or more and forms a metal carboxylate salt with a carboxyl group; a crosslinking agent which is a polyamine compound and forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group; a crosslinking agent which is a polyepoxy compound or a polyol and forms an ester bond between the polyepoxy compound or the polyol and a carboxyl group; a crosslinking agent which is a polyisocyanate compound and forms an amide bond between the polyisocyanate compound and a carboxyl group. Among them, polyisocyanate compounds are preferable.
[ circularly polarizing plate ]
The circularly polarizing plate 6 has a polarizing plate 10 and a phase difference film 12. The circularly polarizing plate 6 is an optical element for compensating an image displayed on the image display surface 4 a. Polarizing plate 10 and phase difference film 12 are bonded. Polarizing plate 10 and phase difference film 12 may be joined by adhesive layer 8b as shown in fig. 1. The adhesive layer 8b is the same as the case of the adhesive layer 8 a.
[ polarizing plate ]
The polarizing plate 10 has a polarizing film (linear polarizer) 14. Polarizing plate 10 may also have 2 protective films 16. The polarizing plate 10 will be described based on the form illustrated in fig. 1.
The polarizing film 14 has a linear polarization characteristic. An example of the polarizing film 14 is a film in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed and oriented on a uniaxially stretched resin film. The polarizing film 14 is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin film having linear polarization characteristics, and may be any polarizing film used for a known polarizing plate.
Examples of the resin film included in the polarizing film 14 include a polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter, also referred to as "PVA") resin film, a polyvinyl acetate resin film, an ethylene/vinyl acetate resin film, a polyamide resin film, and a polyester resin film. In general, a PVA-based resin film, particularly a PVA film, is used from the viewpoint of the adsorption property and orientation property of the dichroic dye.
The 2 protective films 16 sandwich the polarizing film 14, protecting the polarizing film 14. The 2 protective films 16 are, for example, a resin film (for example, a triacetyl cellulose (hereinafter, also referred to as "TAC") based film), a glass cover plate, or a glass film. The 2 protective films 16 may be made of the same or different materials.
The number of the protective films 16 may be 1. For example, the polarizing plate 10 may not have the protective film 16 on the retardation film 12 side.
Polarizing plate 10 may be manufactured by preparing a long member, cutting each member into a predetermined shape after bonding each member by a roll-to-roll method, or may be manufactured by cutting each member into a predetermined shape and bonding each member.
[ retardation film ]
The retardation film 12 has a function of generating a constant retardation of incident light. The retardation film 12 has a slow axis (in-plane slow axis) and a fast axis (in-plane fast axis) in the film plane. The angle between the slow axis and the fast axis is about 90 degrees. By about 90 degrees, it is meant 90 degrees ± 5 degrees. The phase difference film 12 is disposed so that the slow axis is about 45 degrees with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing film 14. About 45 degrees means 45 ± 5 degrees.
The retardation film 12 is bonded to the polarizing plate 10. In the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, phase difference film 12 is bonded to polarizing plate 10 with adhesive layer 8 b.
The retardation film 12 includes an a plate (retardation layer) 18 and a C plate (retardation layer) 20. The a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are joined. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are bonded by the adhesive layer 8C. In the present embodiment, the slow axis and the fast axis of the retardation film 12 are the slow axis and the fast axis in the plane of the a plate 18. Note that the in-plane retardation of the C plate 20 is substantially 0 (zero), and the slow axis and the fast axis are not present in the plane.
[ A plate ]
The a plate 18 preferably has characteristics represented by the following formulas (1) to (3). The a plate 18 may be a positive a plate and may be a λ/4 phase difference plate. The a plate 18 preferably exhibits reverse wavelength dispersion. By providing such an a plate 18, coloring of reflected light can be suppressed (japanese text: color copy き). In the present embodiment, the slow axis of the a-plate 18 is disposed at about 45 degrees with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing film 14. About 45 degrees is as previously described.
nx＞ny≈nz…(1)
0.80＜R0A(450)/R0A(550)＜0.93…(2)
130nm＜R0A(550)＜150nm…(3)
In expressions (1) to (3), nx represents a refractive index in the slow axis direction, ny represents a refractive index in the fast axis direction, and nz represents a refractive index in the thickness direction (direction orthogonal to the slow axis and the fast axis) of the a plate 18. R0A (λ) represents retardation at the wavelength λ nm of the a plate 18. Thus, R0A (450) and R0A (550) in the formulae (2) and (3) represent retardations at a wavelength of 450nm and a wavelength of 550 nm.
ny ≈ nz includes not only a case where ny and nz are completely equal but also a case where ny and nz are substantially equal. Specifically, ny and nz are substantially equal to each other as long as the difference between ny and nz is within 0.01.
R0A (λ) can be calculated from the refractive index n (λ) at the wavelength λ nm and the thickness d1 of the A plate 18 based on the following formula.
R0A(λ)＝〔nx(λ)－ny(λ)〕×d1
R0A (450)/R0A (550) represents the wavelength dispersion of the a plate 18, and is preferably 0.92 or less, and is preferably 0.83 or more and 0.88 or less.
For retardation R0A (λ) of the a plate 18 at a wavelength λ nm, R0A (450) is preferably 100nm or more and 135nm or less, R0A (550) is preferably 137nm or more and 145nm or less, and R0A (650) is preferably 137 or more and 165 or less. R0A (650) represents retardation at a wavelength of 650 nm.
[ C plate ]
The C plate 20 preferably has the characteristics shown in the following formula (4).
The C-plate 20 may be a positive C-plate. By providing such a C-plate 20, coloring of reflected light can be suppressed.
nx≈ny＜nz…(4)
In the formula (4), nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction of the retardation film 12, ny represents the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the retardation film 12, and nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction (the direction orthogonal to the slow axis and the fast axis) of the C plate 20.
nx ≈ ny includes not only a case where nx and ny are completely equal but also a case where nx and ny are substantially equal. Specifically, nx and ny are substantially equal to each other as long as the difference between nx and ny is within 0.01.
When the retardation of the C-plate 20 in the thickness direction with respect to light having a wavelength λ [ nm ] is RthC (λ), RthC (λ) can be calculated from the refractive index n (λ) at the wavelength λ nm and the thickness d2 of the C-plate 20 based on the following equation.
RthC(λ)＝{〔nx(λ)+ny(λ)〕/2－nz(λ)}×d2
RthC (450)/RthC (550) represents wavelength dispersibility of the C-plate 20, and is preferably 1.5 or less, and more preferably 1.1 or less. RthC (450) and RthC (550) are retardations in the thickness direction of the C plate 20 for a wavelength of 450nm and a wavelength of 550nm, respectively.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 may be 0.1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. When the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are within this range, sufficient durability can be obtained, and the circularly polarizing plate 6 can be made thinner. Of course, the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20 may be adjusted so as to obtain a desired retardation and a retardation in the thickness direction of a layer giving a retardation of λ/4, a layer giving a retardation of λ/2, a positive a plate, a positive C plate, or the like.
[ adhesive layer ]
The adhesive layer 8c may be formed of an adhesive used for a known retardation film. Examples of the adhesive include an aqueous adhesive and an active energy ray-curable adhesive. The same adhesive layer as the adhesive layer 8b may be used instead of the adhesive layer 8 c.
[ method for Forming retardation film ]
The a plate 18 and the C plate 20 of the retardation film 12 may be formed of a thermoplastic resin or a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound described later. The a plate 18 and the C plate 20 are preferably formed of a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Examples of the layer formed from the composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound include a layer obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
The relationship between the expressions (1) to (3) satisfied by the a plate 18 and the relationship between the expressions (4) satisfied by the C plate 20 are controlled by adjusting the types and the blending ratios of the thermoplastic resin and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound forming the a plate 18 and the C plate 20, or adjusting the thicknesses of the a plate 18 and the C plate 20, for example.
The layer obtained by curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is formed on, for example, an alignment film provided on the substrate. The substrate has a function of supporting the alignment film, and may be a long substrate. This substrate functions as a releasable support and can support the phase difference film 12 for transfer. Further, a substrate having an adhesive force of a degree that can be peeled off on the surface thereof is preferable. The substrate may be a resin film exemplified as a material of the protective film.
The thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, and is preferably in the range of, for example, 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less. The strength can be imparted when the thickness of the base material is 20 μm or more. On the other hand, when the thickness is 200 μm or less, increase of machining chips and abrasion of the cutting blade can be suppressed when the base material is cut into individual pieces.
The substrate may be subjected to various anti-blocking treatments. Examples of the anti-blocking treatment include an easy adhesion treatment, a treatment in which a filler is added, and an embossing (knurling treatment). By applying such blocking prevention treatment to the base material, sticking between the base materials when the base material is wound, so-called blocking, can be effectively prevented, and the optical film can be produced with high productivity.
The layer obtained by curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is formed on the substrate with the alignment film interposed therebetween. That is, a layer obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is laminated on the alignment film in the order of the substrate and the alignment film.
The alignment film is not limited to a vertical alignment film, and may be an alignment film in which the molecular axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned horizontally, or an alignment film in which the molecular axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned obliquely. In the case of fabricating the a plate 18, a horizontal alignment film may be used, and in the case of fabricating the C plate 20, a vertical alignment film may be used. The alignment film is preferably one having solvent resistance that does not dissolve by coating of a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound described later or the like, and having heat resistance for use in heat treatment for removing the solvent or aligning the liquid crystal compound. Examples of the alignment film include an alignment film containing an alignment polymer, a photo-alignment film, and a groove alignment film in which a concave-convex pattern and/or a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface and aligned. The thickness of the alignment film is usually in the range of 10nm to 10000nm, preferably 10nm to 1000nm, more preferably 500nm or less, and still more preferably 10nm to 200 nm.
The resin used for the alignment film is not particularly limited as long as it is a known resin used as a material of the alignment film, and a conventionally known cured product obtained by curing a monofunctional or polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer with a polymerization initiator, or the like can be used. Specifically, examples of the (meth) acrylate monomer include 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, diethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether acrylate, diethylene glycol mono-phenyl ether acrylate, tetraethylene glycol mono-phenyl ether acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and urethane acrylate. The resin may be a mixture of 1 or 2 or more of them.
The photo-alignment film is formed of a composition including a polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group and a solvent. The photoreactive group refers to a group that generates liquid crystal alignment ability by light irradiation. Specifically, there may be mentioned a group participating in a photoreaction which is a source of liquid crystal alignment ability, such as an alignment induction or isomerization reaction, a dimerization reaction, a photocrosslinking reaction, or a photolysis reaction of molecules by irradiation with light. Among them, the preferred is one having excellent orientation of the group participating in the dimerization reaction or photocrosslinking reaction. As the photoreactive group, a group having an unsaturated bond, particularly a double bond, is preferable, and a group having at least one selected from a carbon-carbon double bond (C ═ C bond), a carbon-nitrogen double bond (C ═ N bond), a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond (N ═ N bond), and a carbon-oxygen double bond (C ═ O bond) is particularly preferable.
Examples of the photoreactive group having a C ═ C bond include a vinyl group, a polyalkenyl group, a distyryl group, a styrylpyridyl group (japanese: スチルバゾ - ル group), a styrylpyridinyl group (スチルバゾ リ ウ ム group), a chalcone group, and a cinnamoyl group. Examples of the photoreactive group having a C ═ N bond include groups having a structure such as an aromatic schiff base and an aromatic hydrazone. Examples of the photoreactive group having an N ═ N bond include an azophenyl group, an azonaphthyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic azo group, a bisazo group, a formazan group, and a group having an azoxybenzene structure. Examples of the photoreactive group having a C ═ O bond include a benzophenone group, a coumarin group, an anthraquinone group, and a maleimide group. These groups may have substituents such as alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, allyloxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, sulfonic acid, and haloalkyl.
Among them, a photoreactive group participating in a photodimerization reaction is preferable, and cinnamoyl group and chalcone group are preferable in terms of a small amount of polarized light irradiation necessary for photo-alignment, easy obtainment of a photo-alignment film having excellent thermal stability and temporal stability. As the polymer having a photoreactive group, a polymer having a cinnamoyl group which is a cinnamic acid structure at a terminal of a side chain of the polymer is particularly preferable.
The type of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be classified into a rod-like type (rod-like liquid crystal compound) and a disk-like type (disk-like liquid crystal compound, discotic liquid crystal compound) according to its shape. Further, there are low molecular type and high molecular type, respectively. The term "polymer" generally means a substance having a polymerization degree of 100 or more (see "physical pellet ダイナミクス (physical polymer transfer kinetics), native well, p.2, Shibo Shu, 1992").
In the present embodiment, any polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be used. In addition, 2 or more kinds of rod-like liquid crystal compounds, 2 or more kinds of discotic liquid crystal compounds, or a mixture of rod-like liquid crystal compounds and discotic liquid crystal compounds may be used.
As the rod-like liquid crystal compound, for example, the rod-like liquid crystal compounds described in claim 1 of Japanese patent application laid-open No. 11-513019 or paragraphs [0026] to [0098] of Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2005-289980 can be suitably used. As the discotic liquid crystal compound, for example, discotic liquid crystal compounds described in paragraphs [0020] to [0067] of Japanese patent laid-open No. 2007-108732 or paragraphs [0013] to [0108] of Japanese patent laid-open No. 2010-244038 can be suitably used.
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be used in combination of 2 or more. In this case, at least 1 species has 2 or more polymerizable groups in the molecule. That is, the layer obtained by curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferably a layer in which a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group is fixed by polymerization. In this case, it is not necessary to exhibit liquid crystallinity even after the layer is formed.
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound has a polymerizable group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction. The polymerizable group is preferably a functional group capable of addition polymerization such as a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a cyclopolymerizable group. More specifically, examples of the polymerizable group include a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, and an allyl group. Among them, (meth) acryloyl groups are preferable. The term "(meth) acryloyl" refers to a concept including both methacryloyl and acryloyl groups.
As described later, the layer obtained by curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be formed by, for example, applying a composition containing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound onto an alignment film. The composition may contain components other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. For example, in the composition, a polymerization initiator is preferably contained. The polymerization initiator used may be selected, for example, from thermal polymerization initiators and photopolymerization initiators, depending on the form of the polymerization reaction. Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include α -carbonyl compounds, acyloin ethers, α -hydrocarbon-substituted aromatic acyloin compounds, polynuclear quinone compounds, combinations of triarylimidazole dimers and p-aminophenyl ketones, and the like. The amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, based on the total solid content in the coating liquid.
The composition may contain a polymerizable monomer in terms of uniformity of the coating film and strength of the film. Examples of the polymerizable monomer include a radically polymerizable or cationically polymerizable compound. Among them, polyfunctional radical polymerizable monomers are preferable.
As the polymerizable monomer, a polymerizable monomer copolymerizable with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferable. Specific examples of the polymerizable monomer include polymerizable monomers described in paragraphs [0018] to [0020] in Japanese patent laid-open No. 2002-296423. The amount of the polymerizable monomer used is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 30% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
The composition may contain a surfactant in view of uniformity of a coating film and strength of the film. Examples of the surfactant include conventionally known compounds. Among them, fluorine compounds are particularly preferable. Specific examples of the surfactant include compounds described in paragraphs [0028] to [0056] in Japanese patent laid-open No. 2001-330725 and compounds described in paragraphs [0069] to [0126] in Japanese patent laid-open No. 2005-62673.
In addition, a solvent may be contained in the composition, and an organic solvent is preferably used. Examples of the organic solvent include amides (e.g., N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (e.g., pyridine), hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, hexane), alkyl halides (e.g., chloroform, dichloromethane), esters (e.g., methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), and ethers (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane). Among them, alkyl halides and ketones are preferable. In addition, 2 or more organic solvents may be used in combination.
The composition may contain various orientation agents such as a vertical orientation promoter such as a polarizing film interface-side vertical orientation agent and an air interface-side vertical orientation agent, and a horizontal orientation promoter such as a polarizing film interface-side horizontal orientation agent and an air interface-side horizontal orientation agent. In addition to the above components, the composition may further contain an adhesion improver, a plasticizer, a polymer, and the like.
When the retardation film 12 includes 2 or more layers of cured polymerizable liquid crystal compound as the a plate 18 and the C plate 20, the layers of cured polymerizable liquid crystal compound are formed on the alignment films, and the two are laminated via the adhesive layer 8C, for example, to produce the retardation film 12. After laminating the both, the substrate and the alignment film can be peeled off. The thickness of the retardation film 12 is preferably 3 to 30 μm, and more preferably 5 to 25 μm.
The retardation film 12 may be produced by preparing a long member, bonding the members by a roll-to-roll method, and then cutting the member into a predetermined shape, or by cutting the member into a predetermined shape and bonding the member. The C-plate 20 may be obtained by forming the C-plate 20 directly on the a-plate 18. That is, the adhesive layer 8c may be omitted.
Hereinafter, in the present embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the a plate 18 is a positive a plate to which a phase difference of λ/4 is given, and the C plate 20 is a positive C plate.
The image display device 2 may further include at least one of a front panel and a light-shielding pattern (frame). The front panel and the light shielding pattern will be described separately.
< front panel >
The front panel may be disposed on the viewing side of polarizer plate 10. The front panel may be laminated to the polarizing plate 10 via an adhesive layer. Examples of the adhesive layer include the adhesive layer 8b and the adhesive layer 8c described above.
Examples of the front panel include a front panel including a hard coat layer on at least one surface of glass or a resin film. As the glass, for example, high-transmittance glass or tempered glass can be used. When a particularly thin transparent surface material is used, chemically strengthened glass is preferred. The thickness of the glass can be set to 100 μm to 5mm, for example.
The front panel including the hard coat layer on at least one surface of the resin film may have a flexible characteristic, unlike conventional glass. The thickness of the hard coat layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 5 to 100 μm.
The resin film may be a resin film made of a cycloolefin derivative having a unit of a cycloolefin-containing monomer such as a norbornene or polycyclic norbornene-based monomer, cellulose (diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose butyrate, isobutyl cellulose, propionyl cellulose, butyryl cellulose, acetyl propionyl cellulose), an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polycycloolefin, polyester, polystyrene, polyamide, polyetherimide, polyacrylic acid, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyethersulfone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl acetate, films made of polymers such as polycarbonate, polyurethane, and epoxy resin. The resin film may be an unstretched, uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched film. These polymers may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more. As the resin film, a polyamideimide film or a polyimide film excellent in transparency and heat resistance, a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polyester film, a cycloolefin derivative film excellent in transparency and heat resistance and capable of coping with the increase in size of the film, a polymethyl methacrylate film, and a triacetyl cellulose and isobutyl cellulose film free from transparency and optical anisotropy are preferable. The thickness of the resin film may be 5 to 200 μm, preferably 20 to 100 μm.
< light-shielding pattern >
A light shielding pattern (frame) may be formed on the image display layer 4 side of the front panel. The light shielding pattern can hide the respective wirings of the image display device 2 from the user. The color and/or material of the light-shielding pattern is not particularly limited, and may be formed using a resin substance having various colors such as black, white, gold, and the like. In one embodiment, the thickness of the light-shielding pattern may be in the range of 2 to 50 μm, preferably 4 to 30 μm, and more preferably 6 to 15 μm. Further, in order to suppress the mixing of bubbles and the visibility of the boundary portion due to the difference in height between the light shielding pattern and the display portion, a shape may be given to the light shielding pattern.
[ method for producing circularly polarizing plate ]
Circularly polarizing plate 6 is manufactured by laminating polarizing plate 10 and phase difference film 12 via adhesive layer 8 b. For example, after the polarizing plate 10 is manufactured, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8b formed on the release film is laminated on the protective film 16 facing the retardation film 12. The release film on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8b was peeled off, and the polarizing plate 10 was bonded to the retardation film 12 separately produced through the exposed pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8 b. Thereby, the circularly polarizing plate 6 can be obtained.
[ method for manufacturing image display device ]
The image display device 2 can be obtained by bonding the phase difference film 12 of the circularly polarizing plate 6 to the image display layer 4 via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 8 a. Normally, as shown in fig. 1, circular polarizing plate 6 is bonded to image display layer 4 so that C plate 20 is positioned on the image display layer 4 side.
The conditions that the image display device 2 satisfies will be further described. As indicated by the open arrows in fig. 2, the image display device 2 is assumed to be viewed from an inclination angle of 50 degrees (indicated as "50 °" in fig. 2) with respect to the vertical direction N of the image display surface 4 a. The vertical direction N is a front direction of the image display device 2, and the inclination angle is an angle inclined toward the image display device 2 side when the front direction is set to 0 degree. In this case, when Rth is defined as the total of retardations in the vertical direction N between the polarizing film 14 of the circularly polarizing plate 6 and the image display layer 4, the reflection color b of Rth at an inclination angle of 50 degrees*The following expression (i) is satisfied. Rth in formula (i) is the retardation for a wavelength of 550 nm.
2.5×b*－25≤Rth≤2.5×b*+40···(i)
In the image display device 2 shown in fig. 1, Rth described above corresponds to the retardation RthC in the thickness direction of the C plate 20.
In order to realize the above expression (i), for example, the reflection color b when the tilt angle of the image display layer 4 is 50 degrees is measured*And the thickness of the C plate 20, the kind and the blending ratio of the thermoplastic resin and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be adjusted so as to satisfy the formula (i).
The operational effect when the image display device 2 is configured to satisfy the formula (i) will be described in comparison with the conventional case.
When the image display layer 4 is, for example, an OLED display device, as described above, the metal electrodes and the like generate regular reflection with respect to the external light incident on the image display layer 4.
In order to prevent such reflection, a circular polarizing plate has been conventionally disposed on the image display surface side of the image display layer. However, even in the conventional image display device including the circularly polarizing plate, the color tone of reflection when the image display layer is viewed from an oblique direction is not sufficiently considered, and therefore, for example, when the image display device is rotated in a plane while viewing a screen, the color tone of reflection light of external light is likely to change.
In contrast, the image display device 2 satisfies the formula (i). That is, Rth which is the sum of retardations in the vertical direction N between the polarizing film 14 and the image display layer 4, and the reflection color tone b of the image display layer 4*And (7) corresponding. Therefore, even if the image display device 2 is rotated in the plane while viewing the screen from an oblique direction, the color tone variation of the reflected light can be suppressed.
The experimental examples for verifying this are described below. In the following experimental examples, the materials and the like are specifically exemplified and described, but the present invention is not limited to the following experimental examples. In the description of the experimental examples, "%" and "part" are% by mass and part by mass unless otherwise specified. In the following description, a light reflecting layer is used as a model of the image display layer 4. That is, the light reflection layer in the experiment corresponds to the image display layer 4.
[ Experimental example ]
< method for measuring thickness of film >
The thickness of the film was measured using a contact type film thickness meter (MH-15M manufactured by Nikon Co., Ltd., counters TC101 and MS-5C).
< method for measuring delay >
The retardation in the thickness direction of the A plate and the C plate and the in-plane retardation were measured by using a birefringence measurement apparatus (KOBRA-WPR, manufactured by Oji scientific instruments Co., Ltd.).
The retardation of the light reflection layer per incident angle was measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M-2000 manufactured by j.a. woollam).
[ preparation of light reflecting layer ]
The following 4 kinds of light reflective layers were prepared.
Light reflecting layer A
Light reflecting layer B
Light reflecting layer C
Light reflecting layer D
The light reflection layers a to C are flexible light reflection layers provided on one surface of the resin film and bendable together with the resin film. The light reflection layer D is a rigid light reflection layer that is provided on one surface of the inorganic glass plate and is not bendable.
The oblique angle hue b of each light reflection layer A-D was measured*. Specifically, the off-angle color tone (reflection color tone) b of the light reflection layers a to D from the direction of the inclination angle of 50 degrees was measured by the display evaluation system DMS803 (manufactured by Instrument Systems GmbH)*. The measurement results are shown in table 1.
[ TABLE 1]
[ production of circularly polarizing plate ]
[ preparation of composition for Forming horizontally oriented film ]
5 parts of a photo-alignment material (weight average molecular weight: 30000) having the following structure was mixed with 95 parts of cyclopentanone (solvent). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hour, thereby obtaining a horizontally oriented film-forming composition.
[ solution 1]
[ preparation of composition for Forming vertically aligned film ]
SuNEVERSE610, manufactured by Nissan chemical industries, Ltd.
[ preparation of composition for Forming horizontally oriented liquid Crystal cured film ]
In order to form a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (corresponding to the a plate 18), the following polymerizable liquid crystal compound a and polymerizable liquid crystal compound B were used. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound a is produced by the method described in japanese patent application laid-open No. 2010-31223. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound B is produced according to the method described in Japanese patent laid-open No. 2009-173893. The respective molecular structures are given below.
[ polymerizable liquid Crystal Compound A ]
[ solution 2]
[ polymerizable liquid Crystal Compound B ]
[ solution 3]
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound A and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound B were mixed in a ratio of 87: 13 in mass ratio. To 100 parts of the obtained mixture were added 1.0 part of a leveling agent (F-556; available from DIC Co., Ltd.) and 6 parts of 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -1-butanone (Irgacure 369, available from BASF Japan K.K.) as a polymerization initiator. Subsequently, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was added so that the solid content concentration became 13%, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film.
[ preparation of composition for Forming vertically aligned liquid Crystal cured film ]
In order to form a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (corresponding to the C plate 20), a composition was prepared by the following procedure. 0.1 part of F-556 as a leveling agent and 3 parts of Irgacure 369 as a polymerization initiator were added to 100 parts of Paliocolor LC242 (registered trademark of BASF corporation) as a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Cyclopentanone was added so that the solid content concentration became 13%, to obtain a composition for forming a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film.
[ production of polarizing plate ]
A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film having an average polymerization degree of about 2400, a saponification degree of 99.9 mol% or more and a thickness of 75 μm was prepared. The PVA film was immersed in pure water at 30 ℃ and then immersed in an aqueous solution having an iodine/potassium iodide/water mass ratio of 0.02/2/100 at 30 ℃ to carry out iodine dyeing (iodine dyeing step). The PVA film subjected to the iodine dyeing step was immersed in an aqueous solution having a potassium iodide/boric acid/water mass ratio of 12/5/100 at 56.5 ℃ to be subjected to boric acid treatment (boric acid treatment step). The PVA film subjected to the boric acid treatment step was washed with pure water at 8 ℃ and then dried at 65 ℃ to obtain an oriented polarizing film having iodine adsorbed to polyvinyl alcohol. The PVA film is stretched in the iodine dyeing step and the boric acid treatment step. The total draw ratio of the PVA film was 5.3 times. The thickness of the obtained polarizing film was 10 μm.
A polarizing film and a saponified triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (KC 4UYTAC, 40 μm thick, manufactured by Konica Minolta K.K.) were bonded to each other with a nip roll via an aqueous adhesive. The obtained laminate was dried at 60 ℃ for 2 minutes while maintaining the tension of 430N/m, to obtain a polarizing plate having a TAC film as a protective film on one side. The water-based adhesive was prepared by adding 3 parts of carboxyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol (manufactured by Kuraray, "Kuraray Poval KL 318", ltd.) and 1.5 parts of water-soluble polyamide-epoxy Resin (manufactured by tiangang chemical corporation, "Sumirez Resin 650", an aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 30%) to 100 parts of water.
The optical properties of the resulting polarizing plate were measured. The polarizing film surface of the polarizing plate obtained above was measured as an incident surface by a spectrophotometer ("V7100", manufactured by japan spectrographic corporation). The absorption axis of the polarizing plate was aligned with the stretching direction of polyvinyl alcohol, and the obtained polarizing plate had a visibility-correcting monomer transmittance of 42.3%, a visibility-correcting polarization degree of 99.996%, a monomer color tone a of-1.0, and a monomer color tone b of 2.7.
[ production of a horizontally oriented liquid Crystal cured film (A plate) ]
A film (ZF-14-50) of cycloolefin resin (COP) manufactured by Nissan Zeon was subjected to corona treatment. Corona treatment was performed using TEC-4 AX manufactured by Ushio Motor Co. The corona treatment was carried out 1 time under the conditions of an output of 0.78kW and a treatment speed of 10 m/min. The composition for forming a horizontally oriented film was applied to a COP film by a bar coater and dried at 80 ℃ for 1 minute. A polarized UV irradiation apparatus ("SPOT CURE SP-9", manufactured by Ushio Motor Co., Ltd.) was used for the coating film so that the cumulative amount of light at a wavelength of 313nm was 100mJ/cm2In such a way that the polarized UV exposure is carried out at an axial angle of 45 °. The thickness of the obtained horizontal alignment film was 100 nm.
Next, the composition for forming a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film was applied to the horizontally aligned film by a bar coater, and dried at 120 ℃ for 1 minute. The coating film was irradiated with ultraviolet light (cumulative light amount at 365nm in a nitrogen atmosphere: 500 mJ/cm) using a high pressure mercury lamp ("Unicure VB-15201 BY-A", manufactured BY Ushio Motor Co., Ltd.)2) Thereby, a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (corresponding to the a plate 18) was formed. The thickness of the horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film was about 1.9 μm.
An adhesive layer is laminated on the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film. A film in which a COP film, a horizontally oriented film, and a horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film are laminated is bonded to glass through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The COP film was peeled off to obtain a sample for measuring retardation.
The retardation R0A (λ) was measured at each wavelength, and as a result, the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film exhibited reverse wavelength dispersibility as shown below.
R0A(450)＝121nm
R0A(550)＝139nm
R0A(650)＝143nm
R0A(450)/R0A(550)＝0.87
R0A(650)/R0A(550)＝1.03
The horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film is a positive A plate satisfying the relationship of nx > ny ≈ nz. The retardation rth a (λ) in the thickness direction of the horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film at each wavelength was measured, and the results thereof are shown below.
RthA(450)＝67nm
RthA(550)＝76nm
RthA(650)＝79nm
[ production of a vertical alignment liquid Crystal cured film (C plate) ]
The COP film was subjected to corona treatment. The conditions for the corona treatment were set to be the same as above. On the COP film, the composition for forming a vertically aligned film was applied by a bar coater and dried at 80 ℃ for 1 minute to obtain a vertically aligned film. The thickness of the obtained vertical alignment film was 50 nm.
The composition for forming a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was applied to a vertically aligned film by using a bar coater and dried at 90 ℃ for 120 seconds. The coating film was irradiated with ultraviolet light (cumulative light amount at 365nm in a nitrogen atmosphere: 500 mJ/cm) using a high pressure mercury lamp ("Unicure VB-15201 BY-A", manufactured BY Ushio Motor Co., Ltd.)2) Thereby, a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (corresponding to the C plate 20) was formed. In this manner, a film (retardation film) in which a COP film, a horizontal alignment liquid crystal cured film, a vertical alignment film, and a vertical alignment liquid crystal cured film were laminated was obtained. The thickness of the cured film of the vertically aligned liquid crystal was 0.3. mu.m.
An adhesive layer is laminated on the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film. Films including a COP film, an alignment film, and a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film were bonded to glass through the adhesive layer. The COP film was peeled off to obtain a sample for measuring retardation. The retardation RthC1(550) at a wavelength of 550nm was measured, and the results are shown below.
RthC(550)＝－30nm
The vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was a positive C plate satisfying the relationship nx ≈ ny < nz.
The vertical alignment liquid crystal cured film surface of the vertical alignment film and the vertical alignment liquid crystal cured film (C plate) formed on the COP film and the horizontal alignment liquid crystal cured film surface of the horizontal alignment film and the horizontal alignment liquid crystal cured film (a plate) formed on the COP film were bonded via an adhesive, and thereafter, the COP film on the a plate side was peeled off to obtain a film in which the COP film, the C plate, and the a plate were sequentially laminated.
Among the films, the horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (a plate) was subjected to corona treatment. The conditions for the corona treatment were set to be the same as above. The polarizing film and the horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film (a-plate) in the polarizing plate were laminated via an adhesive layer so as to be in contact with each other. At this time, the angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the slow axis of the horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film was 45 °.
In this manner, a circularly polarizing plate (1) in which the phase difference film and the polarizing plate were laminated via an adhesive layer was obtained. The circularly polarizing plate (1) is composed of layers of a TAC film, a polarizing film, an adhesive layer, a horizontally aligned liquid crystal cured film (A plate), an adhesive layer, and a vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film (C plate).
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (2) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (2) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was 0.4 μm and RthC (550) was-40 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (3) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (3) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was 0.5 μm and RthC (550) was-50 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (4) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (4) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was 0.6 μm and RthC (550) was-60 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (5) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (5) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was 0.8 μm and RthC (550) was-80 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (6) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (6) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the thickness of the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was 0.9 μm and RthC (550) was-90 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (7) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (7) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film was 1.0 μm thick and RthC (550) was-100 nm.
[ production of circularly polarizing plate (8) ]
A circularly polarizing plate (8) was produced in the same manner as the circularly polarizing plate (1) except that the vertically aligned liquid crystal cured film had a film thickness of 1.6 μm and RthC (550) was-160 nm.
[ Experimental example 1]
< preparation of measurement sample (1-1) >
A circularly polarizing plate (1) was bonded to an inorganic glass plate (product name: eagleXG, manufactured by Corning Corp.) via an adhesive layer to prepare a circularly polarizing plate-equipped glass plate. At this time, the circularly polarizing plate (1) is bonded to the inorganic glass plate so that the horizontal alignment film is positioned on the inorganic glass plate. In the glass plate with circular polarizing plate, the light reflecting layer A (b)*12.18), and the above circularly polarizing plate-equipped glass plate was left to stand at the portion to which ethanol was added, to obtain a measurement sample (1-1) in which the circularly polarizing plate-equipped glass plate was closely superimposed on the light reflecting layer a via ethanol in a state where the glass plate was closely attached to the inorganic glass plate side.
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer A and the polarizing film of the sample (1-1), i.e., Rth, was measured to be 46 nm. The retardation Rth of the measurement sample (1-1) was defined as the sum of the retardation Rth (550) in the thickness direction of the horizontally oriented liquid crystal cured film contained in the measurement sample (1-1) and the retardation Rth (550) in the thickness direction of the vertically oriented liquid crystal cured film. The same applies to other measurement samples described below. In this case, since Rth of the measurement sample corresponds to the sum of retardations in the vertical direction (thickness direction) of the circularly polarizing plate used in the measurement sample, Rth of the measurement sample may be also referred to as Rth of the circularly polarizing plate.
< preparation of measurement sample (1-2) >
A measurement sample (1-2) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1), except that the circularly polarizing plate (2) was used instead of the circularly polarizing plate (1).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer A and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the sample (1-2) was measured to be 36 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (1-3) >
The measurement sample (1-3) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1), except that the circularly polarizing plate (3) was used instead of the circularly polarizing plate (1).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer A and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the sample (1-3) was measured to be 26 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (1-4) >
The measurement sample (1-4) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1), except that the circularly polarizing plate (4) was used instead of the circularly polarizing plate (1).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer A and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the sample (1-4) was measured to be 16 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (1-5) >
The measurement samples (1-5) were obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1), except that the circularly polarizing plate (7) was used instead of the circularly polarizing plate (1).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer A and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the samples (1-5) was measured to be-24 nm.
The oblique chromatic aberration was measured for the prepared measurement samples (1-1) to (1-5). Since the measurement methods are the same for the measurement samples (1-1) to (1-5), the measurement sample (1-1) will be specifically described as an example.
The reflection color tone a was measured from a direction inclined at 10 degrees (a direction 10 degrees with respect to the thickness direction of the light-reflective layer A) with respect to the measurement sample (1-1) by using a display evaluation system DMS803 (manufactured by Instrument Systems GmbH)*And b*At the same time, the measurement sample (1-1) was rotated in the sample plane. At a*－b*The resulting reflected hue a plotted in the coordinate system*And b*To obtain a tone map (color shift). Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a tone map. The solid line in the figure having 8-shape indicates the measurement(a) obtained when sample (1-1) is rotated in the sample plane*，b*) The locus (tone map) of the group (a) represents (a) when the measurement sample (1-1) is returned to the original position by rotating it by 360 degrees (that is, the rotation angle is 0 degree)*，b*) Group (iii). The length of the major axis (axis indicated by a one-dot chain line in the figure) of the obtained tone map was obtained and was defined as Δ a*b*. Then, the reflected color tone a was measured from the directions of the inclination angles of 20 °, 30 °, 40 ° and 50 ° in the same manner*And b*To obtain Δ a*b*。
Delta a was obtained in the same manner for the measurement samples (1-2) to (1-5)*b*。
The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
[ TABLE 2]
As shown in Table 2, in the case where the tilt angle in the front direction was about 10 degrees, substantially no Δ a was generated between the samples (1-1) to (1-5), that is, even when the Rth of the circularly polarizing plate was changed to 46, 36, 16 or-24*b*A change in (c). On the other hand, as the tilt angle becomes larger, Δ a occurs between the measurement samples (1-1) to (1-5)*b*The difference of (a). Further, at a tilt angle of 50 degrees, Δ a was measured when Rth of the sample (1-1), i.e., the circularly polarizing plate, was 46nm*b*And minimum. That is, the Rth of the circularly polarizing plate is preferably 46nm with respect to the light reflecting layer A.
[ Experimental example 2]
< preparation of measurement sample (2-1) >
Except that a light reflecting layer B (B) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*14.14), a measurement sample (2-1) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1).
The total retardation in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer B and the polarizing film of the sample (2-1), i.e., Rth, was measured to be 46 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (2-2) >
Except that a light reflecting layer B (B) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*14.14), the measurement sample (2-2) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-2).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer B and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the sample (2-2) was measured to be 36 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (2-3) >
Except that a light reflecting layer B (B) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*14.14), a measurement sample (2-3) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-3).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer B and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the sample (2-3) was measured to be 26 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (2-4) >
Except that a light reflecting layer B (B) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*14.14), a measurement sample (2-4) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-5).
The total retardation in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer B and the polarizing film of sample (2-4), i.e., Rth, was measured to be-24 nm.
The measurement samples (2-1) to (2-4) thus prepared were measured for Δ a in the same manner as in Experimental example 1*b*. The results of the experiment are shown in table 3.
[ TABLE 3]
In Experimental example 2, as shown in Table 3, when the tilt angle in the front direction was 10 degrees, substantially no Δ a was generated between the measurement samples (2-1) to (2-4), that is, even when the Rth of the circularly polarizing plate was changed to 46, 36, 26 and-24*b*On the other hand, as the tilt angle becomes larger, Δ a occurs between the measurement samples (2-1) to (2-4)*b*The difference of (a). When the tilt angle was 50 degrees, the sample (2-2), i.e., a circle, was measuredΔ a when Rth of the polarizing plate is 36nm*b*And minimum. That is, the Rth of the circularly polarizing plate is preferably 36nm with respect to the light reflecting layer B.
[ Experimental example 3]
< preparation of measurement sample (3-1) >
Except that a light reflecting layer C (b) is used instead of the light reflecting layer A*6.46), a measurement sample (3-1) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer C and the polarizing film of the sample (3-1), i.e., Rth, was measured to be 46 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (3-2) >
Except that a light reflecting layer C (b) is used instead of the light reflecting layer A*6.46), a measurement sample (3-2) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-2).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer C and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the sample (3-2) was measured to be 36 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (3-3) >
Except that a light reflecting layer C (b) is used instead of the light reflecting layer A*6.46), a measurement sample (3-3) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-3).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer C and the polarizing film, i.e., Rth, of the sample (3-3) was measured to be 26 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (3-4) >
Except that a light reflecting layer C (b) is used instead of the light reflecting layer A*6.46), a measurement sample (3-4) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-4).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer C and the polarizing film of sample (3-4), i.e., Rth, was measured to be 16 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (3-5) >
Except that a light reflecting layer C (b) is used instead of the light reflecting layer A*6.46), the same procedure as in the case of measurement of sample (1-5) was repeatedThus, a measurement sample (3-5) was obtained.
The total retardation in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer C and the polarizing film of sample (3-5), i.e., Rth, was measured to be-24 nm.
The measurement samples (3-1) to (3-5) thus prepared were subjected to Δ a formation in the same manner as in Experimental example 1*b*. The results of the experiment are shown in table 4.
[ TABLE 4]
In Experimental example 3, as shown in Table 4, when the tilt angle in the front direction was 10 degrees, substantially no Δ a was generated between the measurement samples (3-1) to (3-5), that is, even when the Rth of the circularly polarizing plate was changed to 46, 36, 26, 16 or-24*b*On the other hand, when the inclination angle is 50 degrees, Δ a occurs between the measurement samples (3-1) to (3-5)*b*The difference of (a). Further, at a tilt angle of 50 degrees, when the Rth of the sample (3-3), i.e., the circularly polarizing plate, was measured to be 26nm,. DELTA.a*b*And minimum. That is, the Rth of the circularly polarizing plate is preferably 26nm with respect to the light reflecting layer C.
[ Experimental example 4]
< preparation of measurement sample (4-1) >
Except that a light reflecting layer D (b) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*Other than-5.59), the measurement sample (4-1) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1).
The total of the retardations in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer C and the polarizing film of the sample (4-1), i.e., Rth, was measured to be 46 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (4-2) >
A circularly polarizing plate (5) is used in place of the circularly polarizing plate (1), and a light reflecting layer D (b) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*Other than-5.59), the measurement sample (4-2) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1).
The total retardation in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer D and the polarizing film of the sample (4-2), i.e., Rth, was measured to be-4 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (4-3) >
A circularly polarizing plate (6) is used in place of the circularly polarizing plate (1), and a light reflecting layer D (b) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*Other than-5.59), a measurement sample (4-3) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1).
The total retardation in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer D and the polarizing film of sample (4-3), i.e., Rth, was measured to be-14 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (4-4) >
A circularly polarizing plate (7) is used in place of the circularly polarizing plate (1), and a light reflecting layer D (b) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*Other than-5.59), a measurement sample (4-4) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1).
The total retardation in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer D and the polarizing film of sample (4-4), i.e., Rth, was measured to be-24 nm.
< preparation of measurement sample (4-5) >
A circularly polarizing plate (8) is used in place of the circularly polarizing plate (1), and a light reflecting layer D (b) is used in place of the light reflecting layer A*Other than-5.59), a measurement sample (4-5) was obtained in the same manner as in the case of the measurement sample (1-1).
The total retardation in the vertical direction between the light-reflecting layer D and the polarizing film of sample (4-5), i.e., Rth, was measured to be-84 nm.
The measurement samples (4-1) to (4-5) thus prepared were subjected to Δ a formation in the same manner as in Experimental example 1*b*. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 5.
[ TABLE 5 ]
In experimental example 4, as shown in Table 5, when the inclination angle of the substantially frontal direction was 10 degrees,substantially no Δ a was generated between the measurement samples (4-1) to (4-5), that is, even when Rth of the circularly polarizing plate was changed to 46, -4, -14, -24, -84*b*A change in (c). When the inclination angle was 50 degrees, Δ a occurred between the measurement samples (4-1) to (4-5)*b*The difference of (a). Further, at a tilt angle of 50 degrees, Δ a was measured in the case where Rth of the sample (4-4), i.e., the circularly polarizing plate, was-24 nm*b*And minimum. That is, Rth of the circularly polarizing plate is best-24 nm with respect to the light reflecting layer D.
The results of examples 1 to 4 showed that Δ a was greatly observed*b*The relationship between the reflection color tones b of the light reflection layers a to D and the optimum Rth when the inclination angle of (a) is 50 degrees is shown in table 6.
[ TABLE 6]
| Light reflecting layer | b* | Optimum Rth |
| A | 12.18 | 46 |
| B | 14.14 | 36 |
| C | 6.46 | 26 |
| D | -5.59 | -24 |
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relation between a reflected color tone b*The optimal Rth shown in table 6 is plotted. The horizontal axis of FIG. 4 represents the reflection hue b*The vertical axis represents the optimum Rth. The lines α and β in the figure are lines represented by the equations given below, respectively.
α：Rth＝2.5×b*－25
β：Rth＝2.5×b*+40
As shown in FIG. 4, the optimum Rth and reflection hue b shown in Table 6*Is comprised between the lines α and β. Therefore, it can be understood that satisfying the formula (i) allows the image display device 2 to suppress a change in color tone of the external light reflected light when viewed from an oblique direction. Region I in FIG. 4 is the reflection hue b*10-16 regions. Based on table 6 and fig. 4, the region I includes the reflection color tone B for the light-reflecting layer a and the light-reflecting layer B*Relation to the optimum Rth. Region II in FIG. 4 is the reflection hue b*Is 4-8 areas. Based on table 6 and fig. 4, the region II includes the reflection color tone b for the light reflection layer C*Relation to the optimum Rth. As described above, the light reflective layer a, the light reflective layer B, and the light reflective layer C have flexibility. Thus, it was found that the light reflection layer having flexibility reflected the color tone b*Preferably 4 to 8, or 10 to 16. Region III in FIG. 4 is the reflection hue b*The region is-8 to-4. Based on table 6 and fig. 4, the region III includes the reflection color tone b for the light reflection layer D*Relation to the optimum Rth. As described above, the light reflecting layer D is a rigid reflecting layer. Thus, it is found that the color tone b is reflected by the rigid light reflecting layer*Preferably-8 to-4.
Various embodiments and experimental examples of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the various embodiments and experimental examples illustrated, but is intended to include the scope given by the claims and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims.
The retardation film 12 may include 1 or more other layers having a retardation (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "other retardation sub-layers") in addition to the a plate 18 and the C plate 20. Examples of the other phase difference layer include a touch sensor provided for the image display layer 4, a sealing layer for sealing the image display layer 4, a base film for the image display layer 4, and the like. The other retardation layer may be a protective film attached to the polarizing film 14. The other phase difference sub-layer is disposed between the polarizing film 14 and the image display layer 4, preferably between the image display layer 4 and the a plate 18 or the C plate 20 located closest to the image display layer 4.
The other phase difference sublayer may be an a plate, but may typically be a C plate. The other retardation sublayers may have characteristics shown in the following formula (5). That is, the other retardation sublayer may be a negative C plate.
nx≈ny＞nz…(5)
In the formula (5), nx represents a refractive index in the slow axis direction, ny represents a refractive index in the fast axis direction, and nz represents a refractive index in the thickness direction of the other retardation sublayers.
Nx ≈ ny in formula (5) includes not only a case where nx and ny are completely equal but also a case where nx and ny are substantially equal. Specifically, nx and ny are substantially equal to each other as long as the difference between nx and ny is within 0.01.
The retardation film 12 may include the above-described substrate and alignment film, or may include a combination other than the a plate and the C plate. Specifically, a combination of two or more a plates may be used.
The circularly polarizing plate is not limited as long as it includes a linear polarizer and has a function as a circularly polarizing plate within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention.
Another example of the light-reflective image display layer is an inorganic electroluminescent device (hereinafter also referred to as a "micro LED display device") having pixels that emit light independently. In the case where the light-reflective image display layer is a micro LED display device, the light-emitting portion, the pixel connecting portion, and the electrode portion formed of the compound semiconductor partially reflect external light. Other examples of the light-reflective image display layer include a liquid crystal display device, an electron-emitting display device (e.g., a field emission display device (FED), a surface field emission display device (SED)), electronic paper (a display device using electronic ink or an electrophoretic element), a plasma display device, a projection display device (e.g., a grating light valve (also referred to as GLV) display device, a display device having a digital micromirror device (also referred to as DMD), a piezoelectric ceramic display, and the like.
Claims (4)
1. An image display device is provided with:
light-reflective image display layer, and
a circularly polarizing plate provided on the image display surface of the light-reflective image display layer,
when the total of retardations in the vertical direction with respect to the image display surface between the linearly polarizing plate and the light-reflective image display layer of the circularly polarizing plate is Rth,
a reflection color tone b having an inclination angle of 50 degrees with respect to the vertical direction with respect to the light-reflective image display layer＊Satisfies the following formula (i):
2.5×b＊－25≤Rth≤2.5×b＊+40···(i)。
2. the image display apparatus according to claim 1,
the circularly polarizing plate further includes an a plate disposed in proximity to the light-reflective image display layer with respect to the linear polarizer.
3. The image display apparatus according to claim 2,
the A plate is a lambda/4 phase difference plate.
4. The image display apparatus according to claim 2 or 3,
the circularly polarizing plate further includes a C-plate disposed in proximity to the light-reflective image display layer with respect to the linear polarizer.
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| JP2019-199073 | 2019-10-31 | ||
| JP2019199073 | 2019-10-31 | ||
| JP2020150453A JP7162037B2 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2020-09-08 | image display device |
| JP2020-150453 | 2020-09-08 |
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