CN112748420A - Main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on one-dimensional optical phased array - Google Patents
Main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on one-dimensional optical phased array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array relates to the technical field of laser radars and solves the problems of energy waste or high manufacturing difficulty in the prior art, and comprises a laser, a one-dimensional optical phased array chip, a receiving unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the one-dimensional optical phased array chip can receive a laser beam emitted by the laser, split and phase modulate the received laser beam and emit the laser beam after phase modulation, and the main lobe and the grating lobe of the laser beam emitted by the one-dimensional optical phased array chip simultaneously scan a target; the receiving unit can simultaneously receive a main lobe echo signal and a grating lobe echo signal reflected by a target to obtain a scanning signal, the scanning signal can be sent to the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit carries out signal processing to obtain scanning data. The invention has easy manufacture, simultaneously scans the main lobe and the grating lobe, has large light beam scanning range and effectively utilizes the energy of the grating lobe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to a main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array.
Background
Laser radar is used as a relatively advanced sensor at present, and has wide application in many fields, such as free space optical communication, unmanned driving and the like. The traditional laser radar mostly adopts scanning systems such as mechanical type, electric/acousto-optic modulation and the like for scanning. Although the mechanical scanning system is mature, the mechanical scanning system has large volume, high price and relatively poor stability and durability; the electro/acousto-optic modulation scanning system uses electro-optic crystals and acousto-optic crystals to modulate signals, the required modulation voltage is high, and the scanning angle is small. The novel solid-state scanning system laser radar meets the requirements of low cost and miniaturization proposed by the current mainstream application. The solid-state scanning system laser radar mainly comprises systems such as MEMS, Flash, Optical Phased Array (OPA) and the like. The MEMS laser radar has complex light path, the scanning efficiency is limited by the area of the micro-vibration mirror, the repeatability of a test result is difficult to ensure, and the environmental adaptability needs to be improved; the Flash laser radar has short detection distance and limited application scene. The silicon-based optical phased array technology has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, low cost, high scanning speed and the like, can realize chip-level laser scanning devices, and has wide application prospects.
The working principle of the silicon-based optical phased array is that light coupled into the optical phased array is split by a light beam splitter, the light after phase modulation is radiated to a free space through antenna units after passing through a phase control unit, and the phase difference and amplitude among the light emitted by the antenna units are adjusted to realize deflection of the light beams, so that the aim of scanning is fulfilled. The large optical phased array has thousands or even tens of thousands of devices, the manufacturing process is completely compatible with a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the OPA can be integrated on a silicon-based chip, and the large optical phased array has the characteristics of high integration level, compactness and low cost.
In practical application, the scanning range is one of the key parameters for evaluating the performance of the laser radar, and in the design of the one-dimensional silicon-based optical phased array, beam steering is realized by coherent superposition of light beams in a far field through phase modulation of an antenna array, theoretically, the steering range is mainly limited by grating lobes appearing in far field diffraction, the positions of the grating lobes are determined by the distance d between antennas, and the condition that no grating lobe appears in a scanning angle theta is as follows:
where λ is the wavelength. Therefore, for the antenna array with uniform arrangement, the scanning range can be increased by compressing the antenna spacing d. However, due to the crosstalk of light between grating antennas, the antenna pitch is difficult to meet the requirement of a larger scanning range, and the scanning range needs to be increased by other means. The existing methods for increasing the scanning angle of the optical phased array mainly include two methods, the first method is to adopt a non-uniform antenna array arrangement form (High-resolution imaging-free optical beam steering) to destroy the coherence condition of a grating lobe so as to achieve the purpose of compressing the grating lobe, but in this way, the energy of the original grating lobe is compressed into background noise, the energy of a main lobe is not enhanced, and energy waste is caused; secondly, the coupling strength is reduced by a waveguide superlattice structure (CN201810360591.1, "a high-density photonic integrated waveguide grating array"), and crosstalk between adjacent waveguides can be effectively suppressed by changing the propagation constant of adjacent antennas, but this approach is complex in design, and poses a challenge to the existing commercial manufacturing process, and the manufacturing difficulty is large, and commercialization is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array comprises:
a laser for emitting a laser beam;
the system comprises a one-dimensional optical phased array chip, a laser device and a control chip, wherein the one-dimensional optical phased array chip can receive a laser beam emitted by the laser device, split and phase modulate the received laser beam and emit the laser beam after phase modulation, and a main lobe and a grating lobe of the laser beam emitted by the one-dimensional optical phased array chip scan a target simultaneously;
the receiving unit can simultaneously receive a main lobe echo signal and a grating lobe echo signal reflected by a target to obtain a scanning signal, and can send the scanning signal to the signal processing unit;
and the signal processing unit is used for carrying out signal processing on the received scanning signals to obtain scanning data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on the one-dimensional optical phased array, the main lobe grating lobe and the high-order grating lobe are subjected to regional scanning in the receiving field range through the large-field ranging echo signal receiving, so that the problem that the optical phased array is small in beam scanning range is solved, the energy of the grating lobe is effectively utilized, the far-field energy of the optical phased array is effectively utilized, the energy loss is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved. The invention has simple design, easy manufacture and easy realization of commercialization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main-lobe grating-lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a one-dimensional optical phased array chip of a main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a working schematic diagram of a main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array.
Fig. 4 is a far field pattern of a one-dimensional optical phased array of a main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a one-dimensional optical phased array chip of a main-lobe grating-lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array.
Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of another embodiment of a one-dimensional optical phased array chip of a main-lobe grating-lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a laser 2, a one-dimensional optical phased array chip 3, an optical coupler 4, an optical beam splitter 5, a phase shifter 6, a one-dimensional antenna array 7, an antenna unit 8, a receiving unit 9, a signal processing unit 10 and a control unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array comprises: the device comprises a laser 1, a one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2, a receiving unit 8 and a signal processing unit 9, as shown in FIG. 1.
The laser 1 is used for emitting laser beams, the single-mode laser beams emitted by the laser 1 are incident to the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2, the beams are split and phase-modulated by the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2, the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 outputs the phase-modulated beams after the beam splitting and phase modulation, the beams output by the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 are coherently superposed in a far field of a target to generate a far field diffraction pattern, a main lobe and a grating lobe simultaneously scan the target to realize multi-point superposition scanning of the main lobe and the grating lobe, signals reflected back by the target comprise a main lobe echo signal and a grating lobe echo signal, the main lobe echo signal and the grating lobe echo signal are simultaneously received by the receiving unit 8, the receiving unit 8 simultaneously receives the main lobe echo signal and the grating lobe echo signal reflected by the target to obtain scanning signals, the receiving unit 8 sends the scanning signals to the signal processing unit 9, the signal processing unit 9 processes the signal to obtain scan data.
As shown in fig. 2, an optical coupler 3, an optical beam splitter 4, a phase shifter 5, and a one-dimensional antenna array 6 are disposed on a chip substrate of the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2. The optical coupler 3 may be, but is not limited to, an edge coupler or a grating coupler, the function of which is to couple off-chip laser light into the chip. The optical splitter 4 may be, but not limited to, an MMI (multimode interference coupler), a Y-branch or directional coupler, etc., and functions to split the laser beam coupled into the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 by the optical coupler 3 into N laser beams, where N is an integer greater than 1. The one-dimensional antenna array 6 comprises N antenna units 7 which are sequentially arranged, N laser beams and the N antenna units 7 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the N laser beams are transmitted to the corresponding antenna units 7 through waveguides. The phase shifter 5 can be an electro-optic phase shifter or a thermo-optic phase shifter, and the phase shifter 5 serves as a phase modulation unit and has the function of changing the refractive index of the waveguide by changing the carrier concentration of the waveguide or heating the waveguide, so that the phase modulation of the laser beam in the silicon-based waveguide is realized. The waveguide is a silicon-based waveguide. The one-dimensional antenna array 6 adopts a grating antenna, and the function of the one-dimensional antenna array 6 is to radiate laser after phase modulation to a target space. The optical coupler 3, the optical beam splitter 4, the phase shifter 5 and the one-dimensional antenna array 6 are sequentially arranged. The number of the phase shifters 5 is the same as that of the light beams split by the optical beam splitter 4, and the number of the phase shifters 5 is N, and the phase shifters 5 are arranged corresponding to the laser light beams split by the optical beam splitter 4 one by one.
The receiving unit 8 mainly includes a lens and a detector, the lens can adopt but is not limited to a free-form surface lens or an aspheric lens, the detector can adopt but is not limited to a linear array APD sensor, an area array APD sensor, a GM linear array APD detector, a GM area array APD detector, a PIN array, a pixel detector or an integrated photonic circuit, and the receiving unit 8 is used for receiving the echo signal of the large field of view ranging. The lens can receive the reflection patterns of the main lobe and the grating lobe, namely, the main lobe echo signal and the grating lobe echo signal reflected by the target are received at the same time, then the detector receives the reflection patterns refracted by the lens to obtain a scanning signal and sends the scanning signal to the signal processing unit 9, and the signal processing unit 9 processes the received signal to obtain scanning data.
The working process is as shown in fig. 3, a single-mode light source emitted by a laser 1 is coupled into a one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 through an optical coupler 3, then split by an optical splitter 4, a laser beam split by the optical splitter 4 is transmitted to a phase shifter 5 corresponding to each branch, if the phase shifter 5 uses an electro-optic modulation phase, the concentration of a waveguide carrier is changed through circuit control, and then the refractive index of a waveguide is changed, so that the optical path difference of each branch mode light is different, thereby realizing mode light phase modulation; if the phase shifter 5 uses a thermo-optic phase shifter, the waveguide is heated to change the refractive index of the waveguide, so that the optical path difference of each branch mode light is different, thereby realizing the mode light phase modulation, the light after the phase modulation radiates a one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 through a one-dimensional antenna array 6N antenna units 7, and scans a target, which corresponds to the 'detection target' in fig. 3; the mode light reflected by the target is converged on the light sensing surface of the detector after passing through the lens, the detector converts the received light signals of the multiple beams of laser into electric signals (namely scanning signals), and the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 is sent to the signal processing unit 9 for signal processing to obtain scanning data. The phase difference between the antenna units 7 of one-dimensional antenna array 6 is realized through the modulation of the phase shifter 5, that is, the phase difference exists between the laser beams corresponding to the antenna units 7 of one-dimensional antenna array 6 through the modulation of the phase shifter 5, and then the laser beams after the phase modulation are radiated to the free space through the antenna units 7 for scanning. The laser 1 is a single-wavelength laser, and is a continuous or pulse laser. The single-wavelength laser can be replaced by a tunable laser, and two-dimensional scanning is realized by combining the dispersion effect of a grating antenna, wavelength tuning and phase modulation. The silicon-based material of the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 is not limited to silicon or silicon nitride material, and the wave band of the laser 1 used by the invention can be 1.3-1.6 mu m and 800-1100nm or other wave bands. If the silicon-based material of the one-dimensional optical phased-array chip 2 is silicon, the wavelength band of the laser 1 is 1.3-1.6 μm. If the silicon-based material of the one-dimensional optical phased-array chip 2 is silicon nitride, the wavelength band of the laser 1 is 800-1100 nm. The signal processing unit 9 employs a computer image processing system.
The present invention further includes a control unit 10, as shown in fig. 3, the control unit 10 is connected to the laser 1, the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 and the signal processing unit 9, and is used for controlling the switching of the laser 1, controlling the output wavelength of the laser 1, controlling the phase modulation of the phase shifter 5 of the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2, and receiving the scanning data of the signal processing unit 9.
For the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 shown in fig. 2, the distribution function expression of the far-field radiation field relative to the light intensity is as follows:
f (θ) is a radiation pattern function of the antenna element 7; d is the distance between the antenna array elements, i.e. the distance between two adjacent antenna units 7; λ is the wavelength, i.e. the wavelength in free space of the laser light emitted by the antenna unit 7; θ is the diffraction angle of the antenna unit 7; thetasIs the scanning angle of the phased array beam, i.e. the scanning angle of one-dimensional antenna array 6; n is the number of antenna elements 7 in the one-dimensional antenna array 6.
From the above equation, when the phase difference generated by the spatial distance between the adjacent elements (i.e. the antenna elements 7) is balanced with the phase difference added by the phase shifter 5, the far-field lobe pattern has a maximum value, which is determined by the following equation
In the formula, thetamFor diffraction angles at which lobe maxima may occur, m 0, ± 1, ± 2 …, where m 0 corresponds to the main lobe, m ± 1, ± 2 … corresponds to the grating lobes, the presence of which disperses the energy of the main lobe and limits the scan range of the phased array. As shown in fig. 4, it can be seen from the far field diagram that grating lobes appear at ± 23 ° and ± 51 ° in addition to the main lobe of 0 °, and the grating lobes disperse the energy of the main lobe.
Fig. 5 and 6 show two other embodiments of the present invention, in which the number of the one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 on the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 exceeds 1, which will be described in detail below.
In fig. 5, the number of the optical couplers 3 of the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 is 1, the number of the one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 is M, and M is an integer greater than 1. For the far-field scanning range, the far-field area to be scanned is divided into M sub-areas, and the M sub-areas correspond to the M one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 one by one. The M one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 are relatively independent, phase modulation is respectively carried out on the M one-dimensional antenna arrays 6, corresponding sub-areas are scanned, one-dimensional antenna array 6 corresponds to one sub-area, the one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 are used for scanning targets in the corresponding sub-areas, the receiving unit 8 simultaneously receives echo signals of the M sub-areas, the signal processing unit 9 carries out splicing processing on the echo signals, when the M one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 complete scanning of the responsible sub-areas, complete far-field information can be obtained, and scanning data can be obtained.
In fig. 6, the number of the optical couplers 3 of the one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2 is M, M one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 are provided corresponding to M optical couplers 3 one by one, that is, M one-dimensional optical phased arrays are provided on one chip substrate, and the one-dimensional antenna arrays 6 of the M one-dimensional optical phased arrays are sequentially provided to form a large array. Aiming at a far field scanning range, the far field scanning range is divided into M sub-areas, the M sub-areas are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the M one-dimensional optical phased arrays, the M one-dimensional optical phased arrays are relatively independent and are respectively subjected to phase modulation, the corresponding sub-areas are scanned, the receiving unit 8 can simultaneously receive echo signals of the M sub-areas, the signal processing unit 9 carries out splicing processing on the echo signals, and when the M one-dimensional optical phased arrays complete scanning of the responsible sub-areas, complete far field information is obtained, and scanning data are obtained.
The invention relates to a main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array, which uses a one-dimensional optical phased array chip 2, radiates phase-modulated light into a free space through an antenna unit 7, generates coherent superposition in a target far field to generate a far field diffraction pattern, enlarges a field of view of a receiving unit 8 by using a free curved surface or an aspheric lens, adopts a linear array or area array receiving unit 8 to simultaneously receive reflection patterns of a main lobe and a grating lobe, realizes multipoint superposition scanning of the main lobe and the grating lobe, expands a scanning range and improves energy utilization efficiency. The invention utilizes the receiving unit 8 to simultaneously receive the echo signals of the main lobe and the grating lobe, realizes the multi-point superposition scanning of the main lobe and the grating lobe, not only expands the scanning range, but also effectively utilizes the energy of the grating lobe and improves the energy utilization efficiency. The invention has simple design, easy manufacture and easy realization of commercialization. The main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on the one-dimensional optical phased array can be applied to the application fields of unmanned driving, obstacle avoidance, 3D printing, image display, free space optical communication and the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning laser radar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array is characterized by comprising:
a laser (1), the laser (1) being adapted to emit a laser beam;
the system comprises a one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2), wherein the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2) can receive a laser beam emitted by a laser (1), split and phase modulate the received laser beam and emit the laser beam after phase modulation, and a main lobe and a grating lobe of the laser beam emitted by the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2) scan a target simultaneously;
the receiving unit (8) can simultaneously receive the main lobe echo signal and the grating lobe echo signal reflected by the target to obtain a scanning signal, and can send the scanning signal to the signal processing unit (9);
and the signal processing unit (9) is used for carrying out signal processing on the received scanning signals to obtain scanning data.
2. The main-lobe grating-lobe multipoint scanning lidar based on the one-dimensional optical phased array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving unit (8) comprises a lens and a detector, the lens simultaneously receives the main-lobe echo signal and the grating-lobe echo signal reflected by the target and refracts the main-lobe grating-lobe echo signal and the grating-lobe echo signal to the detector, and the detector receives the main-lobe grating-lobe echo signal and the grating-lobe echo signal refracted by the lens to obtain a scanning signal and sends the scanning signal to the signal processing unit (9).
3. The main-lobe grating-lobe multipoint scanning lidar of claim 2, wherein the lens is a free-form surface lens or an aspheric lens.
4. The one-dimensional optical phased array based mainlobe grating lobe multipoint scanning lidar of claim 1, wherein the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2) comprises an optical coupler (3), an optical beam splitter (4), a phase shifter (5) and a one-dimensional antenna array (6), the one-dimensional antenna array (6) comprises N antenna units (7) which are arranged in sequence, N is an integer which is larger than 1, the optical coupler (3) couples the laser beam emitted by the laser (1) into the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2), the optical beam splitter (4) divides the laser coupled by the optical coupler (3) into N beams in the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2), the N beams of laser and the N antenna units (7) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, the phase shifter can perform phase modulation on the laser beam coupled into the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2), the phase-modulated laser beam is emitted for scanning by an antenna unit (7).
5. A mainlobe grating lobe multipoint scanning lidar based on a one-dimensional optical phased array as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the optical coupler (3), the optical beam splitter (4), the phase shifter (5) and the one-dimensional antenna array (6) are arranged in sequence.
6. The main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning lidar based on one-dimensional optical phased array as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the distribution function of the far field radiation field relative to the light intensity of the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2) is:
wherein f (theta) is a radiation pattern function of the antenna unit (7); d is the distance between the antenna units (7); λ is the wavelength; theta is the diffraction angle of the antenna unit (7); thetasIs the scanning angle of the one-dimensional antenna array (6).
7. The mainlobe grating multi-point scanning lidar based on the one-dimensional optical phased array as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mainlobe and the grating lobe appear in the far-field radiation field of the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2) when the phase difference generated by the space distance between the adjacent antenna units (7) and the phase difference added by the phase shifter (5) are balanced.
8. The main lobe grating lobe multipoint scanning lidar based on one-dimensional optical phased array as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of the one-dimensional antenna arrays (6) on the one-dimensional optical phased array chip (2) is M, M is an integer larger than 1, the far field area to be scanned is divided into M sub-areas, the M one-dimensional antenna arrays (6) and the M sub-areas are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the main lobe and the grating lobe of the laser beam emitted by each one-dimensional antenna array (6) simultaneously scan the target in the sub-area corresponding to the one-dimensional antenna array (6).
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| CN113552668A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-26 | Nano科技(北京)有限公司 | Silicon optical chip end face coupling structure resistant to high input optical power |
| CN113589317A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 北京摩尔芯光科技有限公司 | Laser radar and two-dimensional scanning method |
| WO2023005717A1 (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-02 | 北京万集科技股份有限公司 | Target detection method, opa laser radar, and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN116125479A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-05-16 | 北京万集科技股份有限公司 | Phased array laser radar and fault detection method thereof |
| WO2023124121A1 (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-06 | 苏州湃矽科技有限公司 | Optical scanning system |
| CN116736599A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-09-12 | 无锡芯光互连技术研究院有限公司 | Phased array element, two-dimensional optical phased array and optical phased array system |
| CN117092619A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-21 | 吉林大学 | Coherent laser radar transceiver chip and preparation method |
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