CN112745969B - Method for preparing fatty acid type diesel oil antiwear agent by low-temperature freezing - Google Patents
Method for preparing fatty acid type diesel oil antiwear agent by low-temperature freezing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000199 molecular distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000415246 Callisia navicularis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent by low-temperature freezing, which is characterized in that crude vegetable oleic acid raw material is heated and melted, and the temperature is kept at 30-60 ℃; pre-freezing for crystallization, cooling to 19-25 deg.C, maintaining for 1-3h, and filtering; adding a crystallization aid into the filtrate for premixing, then performing freeze crystallization, gradually cooling to-5 ℃ to-14 ℃, preserving heat for a period of time, and filtering to obtain the antiwear agent product. The invention is beneficial to crystallizing and separating out saturated fatty acid, avoids the wrapping and carrying of unsaturated fatty acid, and has low content of saturated fatty acid and excellent wear resistance in the prepared antiwear agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of diesel oil antiwear agents, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a fatty acid type diesel oil antiwear agent by low-temperature freezing.
Background
With the implementation of national standard V of diesel oil in China, the sulfur content of the diesel oil is reduced to below 10ppm, and polar components are greatly reduced, so that the lubricity of the oil product is poor. Therefore, improving the lubricity of low-sulfur diesel is one of the key problems in solving the wide-range popularization of low-sulfur diesel. In the prior art, an antiwear agent is usually added into low-sulfur diesel oil, and the antiwear agent can be adsorbed on the surface of metal to form a layer of protective film on the surface of the metal, so that the friction force between the metal is reduced, and the lubricity of the low-sulfur diesel oil is effectively improved.
At present, the diesel oil antiwear agents on the market mainly comprise fatty acid type antiwear agents and fatty acid ester type antiwear agents. The fatty acid type antiwear agent is one kind of antiwear agent with wide application range and is prepared with long chain plant unsaturated fatty acid, such as tall oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, etc. and through molecular distillation, freezing squeezing, solvent freezing separation, etc. The molecular distillation method is to separate saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid in crude fatty acid by multi-stage molecular distillation under high vacuum condition, and because the physical properties of each component in the crude fatty acid have small difference, the yield and quality of the antiwear agent product obtained by separation by the molecular distillation method are not fully satisfactory. The freeze-pressing method is to directly freeze the crude fatty acid into paste and then press the paste to obtain unsaturated fatty acid, and the method is difficult to realize continuous production, has low production efficiency, high energy consumption and large labor amount. The solvent freezing separation method is to directly freeze a mixed solution of crude fatty acid and an organic solvent into paste, and then obtain unsaturated fatty acid through centrifugal separation.
Tall oil fatty acid is less in China, and the content of saturated fatty acid in soybean oil fatty acid and the like is higher. In order to remove saturated fatty acids, the fatty acids are conventionally frozen directly to induce crystallization of the saturated fatty acids, and then separated and removed. However, saturated fatty acids tend to directionally precipitate crystals at low temperature and form a three-dimensional network structure, and a large amount of liquid is wrapped in gaps of the network structure, so that solid-liquid separation is very difficult, and a large pressure difference is generally required. Sometimes such a network may extend through a substantial part of the volume occupied by the liquid. When separation is carried out under a large pressure difference, the net structure is gradually destroyed and dispersed into very fine crystal particles, which easily block the filter medium and cause difficulty in separation.
CN106350217A discloses a preparation method of a low cloud point fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent, which comprises the steps of adding poly alpha-olefin accounting for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of industrial unsaturated fatty acid into the industrial unsaturated fatty acid, uniformly stirring, freezing to separate out crystals, filtering, separating and removing the crystals to obtain low cloud point fatty acid filtrate without separating out crystals at low temperature; and adding a proper amount of solvent oil and pour point depressant into the filtrate to obtain the low-cloud-point fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent. The method can easily separate saturated fatty acid crystals from fatty acid solution. However, the polyalphaolefin remains in the low cloud point fatty acid filtrate and cannot be separated.
CN103074158A discloses a method for separating unsaturated fatty acid, which comprises freezing and crystallizing mixed fatty acid containing unsaturated fatty acid at low temperature of 0-minus 5 ℃, filtering and separating; then absorbing the separated liquid product by adopting an oil absorption material at the low temperature of 0 to minus 5 ℃; and finally, centrifuging the product obtained after adsorption at a low temperature of between 0 and-5 ℃ in different rotating speed gradients, and centrifuging to obtain the high-concentration unsaturated fatty acid. However, the method carries out freezing crystallization firstly, saturated fatty acid is easy to directionally separate out crystals at low temperature and form a three-dimensional network structure, gaps of the network structure wrap a large amount of liquid, the separation effect is poor, the filtrate needs to be subjected to a subsequent separation process, and the process is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent by low-temperature freezing. According to the invention, pre-freezing crystallization is firstly carried out, and then the crystallization auxiliary agent is added for low-temperature freezing crystallization, so that the saturated fatty acid can be separated out through crystallization, the wrapping and carrying of the unsaturated fatty acid can be avoided, and the prepared antiwear agent has low content of the saturated fatty acid and excellent antiwear performance.
The method for preparing the fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent by low-temperature freezing comprises the following steps:
(1) heating and melting crude vegetable oleic acid raw materials, and keeping the temperature at 30-60 ℃;
(2) pre-freezing for crystallization, cooling to 19-25 deg.C, maintaining for 1-3h, and filtering;
(3) adding a crystallization aid into the filtrate for premixing, then performing freeze crystallization, gradually cooling to-5 ℃ to-14 ℃, preserving heat for a period of time, and filtering after the reaction is finished to obtain the antiwear agent product.
In the invention, the crude vegetable oleic acid in the step (1) is vegetable oleic acid containing both saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid, such as at least one of soybean oleic acid, corn oleic acid, cotton seed oleic acid and the like, wherein the content of the saturated fatty acid is higher than 10%.
In the invention, the crude vegetable oleic acid raw material in the step (1) is heated to be molten and then is kept at the temperature of 30-60 ℃ for 1-2 h.
In the invention, the pre-freezing crystallization in the step (2) is cooled to 19-25 ℃ at the speed of 20-30 ℃/h, the stirring speed is 100-.
In the invention, the filtering temperature in the step (2) is 19-25 ℃, the filtering pressure is 0.1-2.0MPa, and the filtering time is 1-4 hours.
In the invention, the addition amount of the crystallization aid in the step (3) is 5-15% of the crude vegetable oil acid, preferably 5-10%. The crystallization auxiliary agent is modified nano SiO2Is prepared from 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane and long-chain binary acid through reaction on nano SiO2And (3) modifying to obtain the product. The specific modification process is as follows:
(a) mixing nano SiO2Dissolving in ethanol water solution to obtain dispersion. Wherein the nano SiO2Has an average particle diameter of 20nm to 100nm, preferably 20nm to 50 nm. The volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol aqueous solution is 0.5:1 to 1.5:1, preferably 1:1 to 1.2: 1. Nano SiO2The ratio to the aqueous ethanol solution is 0.02:1 to 0.5:1 (g: mL), preferably 0.05:1 to 0.1:1 (g: mL).
(b) Adding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, regulating pH to weak acidity, heating to react, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain solid. Wherein the addition amount of the 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is nano SiO25% -15%, preferably 8% -15% by mass of (A). The pH is adjusted to be weakly acidic, specifically 5.5-6.5, preferably 5.5-6.0. The heating reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃, preferably 70-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-6h, preferably 2-5 h. The filtration adopts filtration modes such as suction filtration, centrifugation and the like. Washing is carried out by respectively washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol for multiple times to mainly remove free reactants. The drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 2-6 h.
(c) Adding an ethanol aqueous solution into the solid, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment. Wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the solid to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1:10 to 1:50 (g: mL), preferably 1:30 to 1:50 (g: mL). The volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol water solution is 1-2: 1. The ultrasonic treatment power is 50-200W, preferably 100-200W; the temperature is 40-60 ℃, preferably 50-60 ℃; the treatment time is 15-60min, preferably 30-60 min.
(d) Adding long-chain dibasic acid, stirring for reaction, and filtering, washing and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the crystallization auxiliary agent. Wherein the molecular general formula of the long-chain dicarboxylic acid is CnH2n-2O4Wherein n is 10 to 16. The dosage of the long-chain dicarboxylic acid is nano SiO24% to 10%, preferably 5% to 10% by mass of (c). The reaction temperature is 15-35 ℃, preferably 25-30 ℃, the stirring speed is 100-400rpm, preferably 200-300rpm, and the reaction time is 2-6h, preferably 2-5 h.
And filtering after the reaction is finished, wherein filtering modes such as suction filtration and the like are adopted for filtering. The washing is carried out for a plurality of times by respectively washing distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and mainly removing free reactants. The drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 2-6 h.
In the invention, the gradual temperature reduction in the step (3) is carried out at the speed of 10-40 ℃/h to reduce the temperature to-5 ℃ to-14 ℃, and the stirring speed is controlled to be 100-500 rpm.
In the invention, the heat preservation time of the step (3) is 2-12h, and the stirring speed is reduced to 1-10rpm during the heat preservation period.
In the invention, after the crystallization in the step (3) is finished, the filtration is carried out, the filtration temperature is-5 ℃ to-14 ℃, the filtration pressure is 0.1MPa to 2MPa, and the filtration time is 1 to 4 hours. The filtration adopts a stainless steel positive pressure filtration device, and the filter cloth adopts 3927A series, single layer or multilayer.
The fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent is prepared by the method. The content of saturated fatty acid in the prepared antiwear agent is lower than 2.5%, the product performance such as the indexes of saturated fatty acid content, condensation point, flash point, metal content, low-temperature storage stability and the like all meet the technical requirements of diesel antiwear agents (Q/SHCG 57-2017) of medium petrochemicals, and the antiwear performance is excellent.
The fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent is used for improving the lubricity of low-sulfur diesel, and when the dosage is 80-250ppm, the low-sulfur diesel can meet the national V lubricity standard, and the corrected wear scar diameter (60 ℃) is not more than 460 microns. The low-sulfur diesel oil is diesel oil with the sulfur content of less than 10ppm and the wear-scar diameter of more than 580 mu m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, pre-freezing crystallization is firstly carried out, and then low-temperature freezing crystallization is carried out by adding the crystallization auxiliary agent, so that the saturated fatty acid can be separated out through crystallization, the wrapping and carrying of the unsaturated fatty acid can be avoided, and the prepared antiwear agent has low content of the saturated fatty acid and excellent antiwear performance.
(2) The modified nano SiO used in the invention2The crystallization assistant is nano SiO by 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and long-chain dibasic acid2The modified product is beneficial to forming epiphytic crystals, avoids crystal wall adhesion and large-scale generation of fine crystals and pseudo crystals in the crystallization process, realizes rapid crystallization of saturated fatty acid, improves the crystallization rate and shortens the crystallization time.
(3) The invention relates to a pre-freezing crystallization process and modified SiO2The combination mode of the crystallization auxiliary agent has the advantages of small dosage of the crystallization auxiliary agent and good freezing effect, and is suitable for freezing and crystallizing low-concentration raw materials.
(4) The invention does not need extra solvent and solvent separation process, has high automation of the device, and has the characteristics of simple process, easily obtained raw materials, good product quality and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed implementation modes and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited by the following embodiments.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, those conventional in the art. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from biochemical reagent stores unless otherwise specified.
The acid value of the fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent prepared by the invention is determined according to a GB/T7304 method, and the lubricity is determined according to an SH/T0765 method (the lubricity refers to the diameter of the wear marks of low-sulfur diesel after the antiwear agent is added). The content of fatty acid in the antiwear agent prepared by the method is analyzed by gas phase. Gas phase analysis conditions: an Agilent GC-2010 gas chromatograph is provided with a FID detector; the chromatographic column is SP-2560 type capillary column, 100m × 0.25mm × 0.20 μm. The temperature of a sample inlet is 280 ℃; the sample volume is 1 mu L; split-flow sample injection with a split-flow ratio of 200: 1; the initial column temperature is 180 ℃, the temperature is raised to 290 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 5 min; the detector temperature was 280 ℃.
Example 1
SiO with the grain diameter of 30nm2Dissolving in ethanol water solution with volume ratio of ethanol to water of 1:1 to obtain nanometer SiO2The mass-to-volume ratio of the dispersion to the ethanol aqueous solution was 0.05g:1mL, and a dispersion was prepared. Adding 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane into the dispersion liquid in nano SiO28% of the mass, the pH was adjusted to 5.8, and the reaction was carried out at 75 ℃ for 3 hours. And after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, washing for 3 times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and drying for 6 hours in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid. Adding ethanol water solution with volume ratio of ethanol to water of 1:1 into solid, wherein the solid-liquid mass volume ratio of the solid to the ethanol water solution is 1g:30mL, and performing ultrasonic treatment at 50 deg.C with power of 100W for 30 min. Adding tridecylic acid with nano SiO 2 content210 percent of the mass, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 25 ℃, the stirring speed is 200rpm, after the reaction is finished, pumping filtration is carried out, distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol are respectively used for washing for 3 times, and the mixture is placed in an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 6 hours to obtain the modified nano SiO2Particles, i.e. crystallization aids.
The adopted crude vegetable oleic acid is soybean oleic acid, wherein the content of saturated fatty acid in the soybean oleic acid is 15.08%, and the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the soybean oleic acid is 84.92%.
The freezing and crystallizing process comprises the following steps: heating and melting crude vegetable oleic acid raw materials, and keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ for 1 h; cooling to 22 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/h for pre-freezing crystallization, controlling the stirring speed to be 800rpm, and preserving heat for 2 h; filtering at 22 deg.C under 0.5MPa for 2 hr; adding a crystallization auxiliary agent with the mass of 7 percent of the crude vegetable oil acid into the filtered filtrate for premixing, then gradually cooling the filtrate to-10 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and controlling the stirring speed to be 200 rpm; and (3) preserving the heat for 3 hours, wherein the stirring speed is 10rpm during the heat preservation, filtering after crystallization is finished, wherein a stainless steel positive pressure filtering device is adopted for filtering, 3927A series of filter cloth is adopted for filtering, the filtering temperature is-10 ℃, the filtering pressure is 0.5MPa, and the filtering time is 2 hours, so that the antiwear agent product is obtained. The condensation point of the product is-16.7 ℃, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the product is 2.06%. The antiwear agent performance is shown in table 2.
Example 2
SiO with the particle size of 20nm2Dissolving in ethanol water solution with volume ratio of ethanol to water of 1.5:1 to obtain nanometer SiO2The mass-to-volume ratio of the dispersion to the ethanol aqueous solution was 0.1g:1mL, and a dispersion was prepared. Adding 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane into the dispersion liquid in nano SiO28% of the mass, the pH was adjusted to 5.8, and the reaction was carried out at 75 ℃ for 3 hours. And after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, washing for 3 times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and drying for 6 hours in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid. Adding ethanol water solution with volume ratio of ethanol to water of 1:1 into solid, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid to the ethanol water solution is 1g:30mL, and performing ultrasonic treatment at 50 deg.C with power of 100W for 30 min. Adding tridecylic acid with nano SiO 2 content210 percent of the mass of the modified nano SiO, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 25 ℃, stirring at the speed of 200rpm, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing for 3 times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and drying for 6 hours in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified nano SiO2Particles, i.e. crystallization aids.
The adopted crude vegetable oleic acid is corn oleic acid, wherein the content of saturated fatty acid is 13.57 percent, and the content of unsaturated fatty acid is 86.43 percent.
The freezing and crystallizing process comprises the following steps: heating and melting crude vegetable oleic acid raw materials, and keeping the temperature at 40 ℃ for 2 h; cooling to 20 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/h for pre-freezing crystallization, controlling the stirring speed to be 200rpm, and keeping the temperature for 2 h; filtering at 19 ℃, wherein the filtering pressure is 1.0MPa, and the filtering time is 3 hours; adding a crystallization auxiliary agent with the mass of 8 percent of the crude vegetable oil acid into the filtered filtrate for premixing, then gradually cooling the filtrate to-12 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/h, and controlling the stirring speed to be 300 rpm; keeping the temperature for 5h, wherein the stirring speed is 5rpm during the heat preservation period, filtering after crystallization is finished, wherein a stainless steel positive pressure filtering device is adopted for filtering, 3927A series of filter cloth is adopted for filtering, the filtering temperature is-10 ℃, the filtering pressure is 1.0MPa, and the filtering time is 3h, so that the antiwear agent product is obtained. The product has a freezing point of-17.3 ℃ and a saturated fatty acid content of 1.98 percent. The antiwear agent performance is shown in table 2.
Example 3
SiO with the grain diameter of 50nm2Dissolving in ethanol water solution with volume ratio of ethanol to water of 1.1:1 to obtain nanometer SiO2The mass-to-volume ratio of the dispersion to the ethanol aqueous solution was 0.08g:1mL, and a dispersion was prepared. Adding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane into the dispersion liquid, wherein the addition amount of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is nano SiO2The pH was adjusted to 5.8 at 8% by mass, and the reaction was carried out at 75 ℃ for 3 h. And after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, washing for 3 times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and drying for 6 hours in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a solid. Adding ethanol water solution with volume ratio of ethanol to water of 1:1 into solid, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid to the ethanol water solution is 1g:30mL, and performing ultrasonic treatment at 50 deg.C with power of 100W for 30 min. Adding tridecylic acid with nano SiO 2 content210 percent of the mass of the modified nano SiO, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 25 ℃, stirring at the speed of 200rpm, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing for 3 times by using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and drying for 6 hours in an oven at 80 ℃ to obtain the modified nano SiO2Particles, i.e. crystallization aids.
The adopted crude vegetable oleic acid is cotton seed oleic acid, wherein the content of saturated fatty acid is 24.23 percent, and the content of unsaturated fatty acid is 75.77 percent.
The freezing and crystallizing process comprises the following steps: heating and melting crude vegetable oleic acid raw materials, and keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 1 h; cooling to 24 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h for pre-freezing crystallization, controlling the stirring speed to be 500rpm, and preserving heat for 4 h; filtering at 23 ℃ under the filtering pressure of 2.0MPa for 2 hours; adding a crystallization auxiliary agent with the mass of 8 percent of the crude vegetable oil acid into the filtered filtrate for premixing, then gradually cooling the filtrate to-8 ℃ at the speed of 40 ℃/h, and controlling the stirring speed to be 400 rpm; keeping the temperature for 6h, wherein the stirring speed is 7rpm during the heat preservation period, filtering after crystallization is finished, wherein a stainless steel positive pressure filtering device is adopted for filtering, 3927A series of filter cloth is adopted for filtering, the filtering temperature is-8 ℃, the filtering pressure is 2.0MPa, and the filtering time is 3h, so that the antiwear agent product is obtained. The product has a freezing point of-15.4 ℃ and a saturated fatty acid content of 2.34 percent. The antiwear agent performance is shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
The process of preparing the antiwear agent by freezing crystallization is the same as that of the example 1, except that: the step (b) is omitted from the preparation of the crystallization aid. The condensation point of the prepared product is-5.3 ℃, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the product is 4.77%.
Comparative example 2
The same procedure as in example 1 for preparing an antiwear agent by freeze crystallization is carried out except that: step (c) is omitted from the preparation of the crystallization aid. The condensation point of the prepared product is-4.7 ℃, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the product is 4.96%.
Comparative example 3
The process of preparing the antiwear agent by freezing crystallization is the same as that of the example 1, except that: step (d) is omitted from the preparation of the crystallization aid. The condensation point of the prepared product is-3.6 ℃, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the product is 5.05%.
Comparative example 4
The process of preparing the antiwear agent by freezing crystallization is the same as that of the example 1, except that: the antiwear agent is prepared by adopting the process of the invention without adding a crystallization auxiliary agent. The condensation point of the prepared product is 2.2 ℃, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the product is 6.87%.
Comparative example 5
The process of preparing the antiwear agent by freezing crystallization is the same as that of the example 1, except that: the anti-wear agent is prepared by directly freezing and crystallizing without adopting the freezing and crystallizing process. The condensation point of the prepared product is-5.1 ℃, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the product is 2.85%.
Comparative example 6
The process of preparing the antiwear agent by freezing crystallization is the same as that of the example 1, except that: by adopting the process of the invention, the crystallization auxiliary agent adopts nano SiO2And (4) preparing the antiwear agent. The condensation point of the prepared product is-3.1 ℃, and the content of saturated fatty acid in the product is 3.69%.
Test example
The low-sulfur diesel oil used in the invention is hydrofined diesel oil with the sulfur content of less than 10ppm and the abrasive wear diameter of more than 580 mu m, and the specific properties of the low-sulfur diesel oil are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Main Properties of Low-sulfur Diesel
The antiwear agents prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention are added into the low-sulfur diesel oil for product performance test. The test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the pre-freeze crystallization process and the modified SiO of the present invention were used2The anti-wear agent prepared by the crystallization aid combination mode has good freezing crystallization effect, the content of saturated fatty acid is lower than 2.5%, the condensation point of the product is lower than-12 ℃, and indexes such as the content of the saturated fatty acid and the condensation point of the product meet the technical requirements of diesel anti-wear agents of China petrochemical industry (Q/SHCG 57-2017). When the lubricating oil is used in a low-sulfur diesel antiwear agent and the addition amount is 150ppm, the lubricating oil can meet the national V diesel lubricating requirement.
Claims (23)
1. A method for preparing a fatty acid type diesel antiwear agent by low-temperature freezing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) heating and melting crude vegetable oleic acid raw materials, and keeping the temperature at 30-60 ℃;
(2) cooling to 19-25 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 1-3h, and filtering;
(3) adding a crystallization aid into the filtrate for premixing, then gradually cooling to-5 ℃ to-14 ℃, preserving heat for a period of time, and filtering after the reaction is finished to obtain an antiwear agent product;
the crystallization auxiliary agent is modified nano SiO2The modification process is as follows: (a) mixing nano SiO2Dissolving in ethanol water solution to obtain dispersion; (b) adding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, adjusting pH to weak acidity, heating for reaction, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain solid; (c) adding an ethanol water solution into the solid, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment; (d) adding long-chain dibasic acid with a molecular general formula of C, and stirring for reactionnH2n-2O4Therein is disclosedWherein n is 10-16; and after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the crystallization auxiliary agent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the crude vegetable oleic acid in the step (1) is vegetable oleic acid containing saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid at the same time, and specifically is at least one of soybean oleic acid, corn oleic acid and cotton seed oleic acid.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (2) cooling to 19-25 ℃ at the speed of 20-30 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1-3 h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the filtering temperature of the step (2) is 19-25 ℃, the filtering pressure is 0.1-2.0MPa, and the filtering time is 1-4 hours.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the crystallization auxiliary agent in the step (3) is 5-15% of the mass of the crude vegetable oleic acid.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the addition amount of the crystallization auxiliary agent is 5-10% of the crude vegetable oleic acid.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the nano SiO2Has an average particle diameter of 20nm to 100 nm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the nano SiO2The average particle diameter of (2) is 20nm to 50 nm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (a), the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol water solution is 0.5:1-1.5: 1; nano SiO2The ratio of the alcohol to the ethanol aqueous solution is 0.02g:1mL-0.5g:1 mL.
10The method of claim 1, wherein: the adding amount of the 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane in the step (b) is nano SiO25-15% of the mass of (A).
11. The method of claim 10, wherein: the addition amount of the 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is nano SiO28-15% of the mass of (A).
12. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (b), the pH is adjusted to be faintly acid, specifically 5.5-6.5, the heating reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-6 h.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein: in the step (b), the pH value is adjusted to 5.5-6.0, the heating reaction temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-5 h.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein: the mass volume ratio of the solid substance to the ethanol aqueous solution in the step (c) is 1g:10 mL-1 g:50mL, and the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water in the ethanol aqueous solution is 1-1.2: 1.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (c), the ultrasonic treatment power is 50-200W, the temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the treatment time is 15-60 min.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein: the ultrasonic treatment power is 100-200W; the temperature is 50-60 ℃; the treatment time is 30-60 min.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein: the dosage of the long-chain dibasic acid in the step (d) is nano SiO24% -10% of the mass of (A).
18. The method of claim 17, wherein: the dosage of the long-chain dicarboxylic acid is nano SiO2Of (2)5% -10% of the total weight of the composition.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (d), the reaction temperature is 15-35 ℃, the stirring speed is 100-400rpm, and the reaction time is 2-6 h.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein: in the step (d), the reaction temperature is 25-30 ℃, the stirring speed is 200-300rpm, and the reaction time is 2-5 h.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein: the gradual temperature reduction in the step (3) is carried out at the speed of 10-40 ℃/h to reduce the temperature to-5 ℃ to-14 ℃, and the stirring speed is controlled to be 100 and 500 rpm.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein: the heat preservation time of the step (3) is 2-12h, and the stirring speed is reduced to 1-10rpm during the heat preservation period.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (4) filtering after the crystallization in the step (3) is finished, wherein the filtering temperature is-5 ℃ to-14 ℃, the filtering pressure is 0.1MPa to 2MPa, and the filtering time is 1 to 4 hours.
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