CN112744069A - 用于车辆的驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于车辆的驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112744069A
CN112744069A CN202011137020.5A CN202011137020A CN112744069A CN 112744069 A CN112744069 A CN 112744069A CN 202011137020 A CN202011137020 A CN 202011137020A CN 112744069 A CN112744069 A CN 112744069A
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
gear member
clutch
coupling
output
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CN202011137020.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
藤井则行
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JTEKT Corp
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JTEKT Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B60K17/3462—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear with means for changing distribution of torque between front and rear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • B60K2023/043—Control means for varying left-right torque distribution, e.g. torque vectoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/40—Actuators for moving a controlled member
    • B60Y2400/406—Hydraulic actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/14—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D2011/004—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts using an internal or intermediate axially slidable sleeve, coupling both components together, whereby the intermediate sleeve is arranged internally at least with respect to one of the components

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于车辆的驱动装置。用于车辆的驱动装置(10)包括：电动机(2)；减速装置(3)，所述减速装置(3)被构造成降低从所述电动机(2)传递来的转速；和驱动力分配装置(4)，所述驱动力分配装置(4)将经由所述减速装置(3)输入的所述电动机(2)的驱动力分配和输出到第一输出旋转构件(41)和第二输出旋转构件(42)。所述减速装置(3)具有第一齿轮构件(31)、第二齿轮构件(32)、联接构件(33)以及移动机构(34)。

Description

用于车辆的驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的驱动装置。
背景技术
在根据现有技术的能够驱动前轮和后轮的一些四轮驱动车辆中，前轮由发动机驱动，并且后轮由电动机的驱动力驱动(例如，参见日本未审专利申请公报第2003-63265号(JP 2003-63265 A))。
JP 2003-63265 A中所述的四轮驱动车辆包括将电动机的驱动力分配给右后轮和左后轮的驱动力分配装置。该驱动力分配装置具有：减速齿轮，该减速齿轮降低电动机的转速；第一离合器，该第一离合器介于减速齿轮和左后轮之间；以及第二离合器，该第二离合器介于减速齿轮和电动机与右后轮之间。第一离合器和第二离合器均为通过润滑油润滑离合器片之间的摩擦滑动的湿式多片式离合器。第一离合器和第二离合器的接合程度由离合器控制装置基于车辆状态而控制，所述车辆状态诸如为车速、加速器操作量、制动器下压量、方向盘的转向角度以及偏航率。
发明内容
当JP 2003-63265 A中所述的四轮驱动车辆在要被供应到电动机的电流被阻断的情况下仅使用发动机的驱动力来行驶时，如果电动机由于后轮的旋转而随后由逆向输入而旋转，则电动机的旋转阻力引起损失，从而降低动力性能和燃料效率，因此可以想到分离第一离合器和第二离合器。然而，根据诸如车速和温度之类的状态，由于存在于第一离合器和第二离合器的离合器片之间的润滑油的粘性，所以拖曳扭矩可能增大，并且拖曳扭矩可能降低动力性能和燃料效率。
本发明提供了一种用于车辆的驱动装置，该驱动装置能够抑制由于来自车轮的逆向输入导致的旋转阻力而引起的动力损失。
本发明的第一方面提供了一种用于车辆的驱动装置，其包括：电动机；减速装置，该减速装置降低从电动机传递来的转速；和驱动力分配装置，该驱动力分配装置将经由减速装置输入的电动机的驱动力分配和输出到第一输出旋转构件和第二输出旋转构件。减速装置包括：第一齿轮构件，该第一齿轮构件具有第一齿轮部，该第一齿轮部具有第一节圆直径；第二齿轮构件，该第二齿轮构件以与第一齿轮构件同轴的方式被支撑成能够相对于第一齿轮构件旋转，并且该第二齿轮构件具有第二齿轮部，该第二齿轮部具有与第一节圆直径不同的第二节圆直径；联接构件，该联接构件被设置成能够在非联接位置和联接位置之间在轴向方向上移动，其中，在该非联接位置处，联接构件仅仅与第一齿轮构件和第二齿轮构件中的一个齿轮构件啮合，而在该联接位置中，联接构件与这两个齿轮构件啮合；以及移动机构，该移动机构被构造成使联接构件在轴向方向上移动。
通过上述构造，能够抑制由于来自车轮的逆向输入导致的旋转阻力而引起的动力损失。
附图说明
下面将参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义，在附图中相同的附图标记指示相同的元件，并且其中：
图1是示出其上安装有根据本发明的第一实施例的驱动装置的四轮驱动车辆的示意性构造的示例的示意图；
图2是示出驱动装置的壳体内部的构造的示例的截面图；
图3A是处于分离状态的减速装置的截面图；
图3B是处于接合状态的减速装置的截面图；
图4是减速装置的分解透视图；
图5是示出放大的图4的一部分的放大图；
图6是示出液压单元的构造的示例的电路图；
图7A是处于接合状态的根据第二实施例的减速装置的截面图；并且
图7B是处于分离状态的根据第二实施例的减速装置的截面图。
具体实施方式
第一实施例
将参考图1至图6描述本发明的第一实施例。下文所述的实施例是作为用于实施本发明的适当具体示例而提供的，并且包括具体实施在技术上是优选的各种技术事项的部分。然而，本发明的技术范围不限于这些具体方面。
四轮驱动车辆的构造
图1是示出其上安装有根据本发明的第一实施例的驱动装置的四轮驱动车辆的示意性构造的示例的示意图。四轮驱动车辆1包括：右前轮101和左前轮102，该右前轮101和左前轮102作为由作为主驱动源的发动机11的驱动力所驱动的主驱动轮；和右后轮103和左后轮104，该右后轮103和左后轮104作为由具有作为辅助驱动源的电动机2的驱动装置10所驱动的辅助驱动轮。车轮速度传感器与右前轮101和左前轮102以及右后轮103和左后轮104中的每一个轮对应地附接。
发动机11的驱动力从变速器12传递到差速装置13，并且经由右驱动轴141和左驱动轴142从差速装置13分别分配到右前轮101和左前轮102。驱动力经由右驱动轴151和左驱动轴152从驱动装置10分别传递到右后轮103和左后轮104。主驱动源可以是高输出电动机，并且可以是发动机和高输出电动机彼此组合的所谓的混合型。
驱动装置10包括：电动机2，该电动机2产生驱动力来驱动右后轮103和左后轮104；减速装置3，该减速装置3降低从电动机2的输出轴20传递来的转速；驱动力分配装置4，该驱动力分配装置4经由减速装置3将电动机2输入的驱动力分配并输出到第一输出旋转构件41和第二输出旋转构件42；壳体5和液压单元6，该壳体5和液压单元6被固定到车体；以及控制装置7，该控制装置7控制电动机2和驱动力分配装置4。将驱动力传递到右后轮103的驱动轴151被联接到第一输出旋转构件41。将驱动力传递到左后轮104的驱动轴152被联接到第二输出旋转构件42。
驱动装置的构造
图2是示出驱动装置10的壳体5的内部的构造的示例的截面图。图2的左侧对应于四轮驱动车辆1的左侧。图2的右侧对应于四轮驱动车辆1的右侧。壳体5具有第一壳体构件51至第五壳体构件55。壳体构件51至55通过多个螺栓彼此固定。在壳体5的内部的适当位置处设有滚动轴承560至569和密封构件571至573，该滚动轴承560至569使各种部分的旋转平稳，该密封构件571至573抑制被密封在壳体5中的润滑油的渗漏以及异物的进入。
电动机2具有：输出轴20，该输出轴20具有中空管形状；转子21，该转子21与输出轴20一起旋转；定子22，该定子22被设置在转子21的外周处；以及旋转传感器23，该旋转传感器23检测输出轴20的旋转。转子21具有转子芯211以及被固定到转子芯211的多个永磁体212。定子22具有定子芯221以及缠绕在定子芯221上的多相绕组222。例如，三相交流电(AC)电动机的电流被从控制装置7供应到多相绕组222，从而以与电动机电流的大小匹配的扭矩使转子21相对于定子22旋转。
驱动力分配装置4包括：输入旋转构件40，电动机2的驱动力被从减速装置3输入到该输入旋转构件40；第一输出旋转构件41和第二输出旋转构件42；第一多片式离合器43，该第一多片式离合器43由设置在输入旋转构件40和第一输出旋转构件41之间的多个离合器片组成；第二多片式离合器44，该第二多片式离合器44由设置在输入旋转构件40和第二输出旋转构件42之间的多个离合器片组成；第一挤压机构45，该第一挤压机构45挤压第一多片式离合器43；以及第二挤压机构46，该第二挤压机构46挤压第二多片式离合器44。
另外，在本实施例中，第一离合器毂47介于第一多片式离合器43和第一输出旋转构件41之间，并且第二离合器毂48介于第二多片式离合器44和第二输出旋转构件42之间。第一输出旋转构件41与第一离合器毂47花键配合，从而与第一离合器毂47一起旋转。第二输出旋转构件42与第二离合器毂48花键配合，从而与第二离合器毂48一起旋转。
输入旋转构件40、第一输出旋转构件41和第二输出旋转构件42能够绕着沿车辆左右方向延伸的旋转轴线O1相对于彼此相对旋转。第一多片式离合器43和第二多片式离合器44均是通过被密封在壳体5中的润滑油来润滑稍后讨论的离合器片之间的摩擦滑动的湿式多片式离合器。下文中，平行于旋转轴线O1的方向将被称为“轴向方向”。
输入旋转构件40具有：第一离合器鼓401，该第一离合器鼓401被设置在第一离合器毂47的外周处；第二离合器鼓402，该第二离合器鼓402被设置在第二离合器毂48的外周处；中心板403，该中心板403被设置在第一离合器鼓401和第二离合器鼓402之间；以及多个螺栓404。螺栓404将第一离合器鼓401、第二离合器鼓402以及中心板403联接，以使其不能相对旋转，并且螺栓404将这些部件固定到稍后讨论的减速装置3的齿圈36。
第一多片式离合器43由多个第一输入离合器片431和多个第一输出离合器片432组成，所述多个第一输入离合器片431与第一离合器鼓401一起旋转，所述多个第一输出离合器片432与第一离合器毂47一起旋转。第一输入离合器片431和第一输出离合器片432沿轴向方向交替地设置。第一输入离合器片431能够在轴向方向上移动并且通过与第一离合器鼓401的花键接合而不能相对于第一离合器鼓401相对旋转。第一输出离合器片432能够在轴向方向上移动并且通过与第一离合器毂47的花键接合而不能相对于第一离合器毂47相对旋转。
第二多片式离合器44由多个第二输入离合器片441和多个第二输出离合器片442组成，所述多个第二输入离合器片441与第二离合器鼓402一起旋转，所述多个第二输出离合器片442与第二离合器毂48一起旋转。第二输入离合器片441和第二输出离合器片442沿轴向方向交替地设置。第二输入离合器片441能够在轴向方向上移动并且通过与第二离合器鼓402的花键接合而不能相对于第二离合器鼓402相对旋转。第二输出离合器片442能够在轴向方向上移动并且通过与第二离合器毂48的花键接合而不能相对于第二离合器毂48相对旋转。
第一挤压机构45具有：环状活塞451，该环状活塞451接收从液压单元6供应的液压压力；推力滚柱轴承452，该推力滚柱轴承452在轴向方向上与活塞451并排地设置；柱塞453，该柱塞453经由推力滚柱轴承452接收活塞451的挤压力，并且与输入旋转构件40一起旋转；挤压片454，该挤压片454被设置在第一离合器鼓401的内侧上；以及复位弹簧455，该复位弹簧455抵靠在柱塞453上。
活塞451的在轴向方向上的一部分被容纳在第五壳体构件55中的具有环形形状的第一液压腔501中。活塞451使用从液压单元6供应的工作油的压力挤压第一多片式离合器43。柱塞453一体地具有：环形部453a，该环形部453a具有圆环形状；和多个柱状挤压突起453b，所述多个柱状挤压突起453b从环形部453a朝向第一多片式离合器43在轴向方向上突出。挤压突起453b被插入穿过被设置在第一离合器鼓401中的相应通孔401a。挤压突起453b的远端部抵靠在挤压片454上。复位弹簧455抵靠在环形部453a上，从而将柱塞453朝向第五壳体构件55偏压。
第二挤压机构46具有：环状活塞461，该环状活塞461接收从液压单元6供应的液压压力；推力滚柱轴承462，该推力滚柱轴承462在轴向方向上与活塞461并排地设置；柱塞463，该柱塞463经由推力滚柱轴承462接收活塞461的挤压力，并且与输入旋转构件40一起旋转；挤压片464，该挤压片464被设置在第一离合器鼓402的内侧上；以及复位弹簧465，该复位弹簧465抵靠在柱塞463上。
活塞461的在轴向方向上的一部分被容纳在第四壳体构件54中的具有环形形状的第二液压腔502中。活塞461使用从液压单元6供应的工作油的压力挤压第二多片式离合器44。柱塞463一体地具有：环形部463a；和多个柱状挤压突起463b。挤压突起463b被插入穿过被设置在第二离合器鼓402中的相应通孔402a，以抵靠在挤压片464上。复位弹簧465抵靠在环形部463a上，从而将柱塞463朝向第四壳体构件54偏压。
第一多片式离合器43使用第一输入离合器片431和第一输出离合器片432之间的摩擦力将来自第一离合器鼓401的驱动力传递到第一离合器毂47。通过第一多片式离合器43传递的驱动力随着由第一挤压机构45产生的挤压力的增大而增大。第二多片式离合器44使用第二输入离合器片441和第二输出离合器片442之间的摩擦力将来自第二离合器鼓402的驱动力传递到第二离合器毂48。通过第二多片式离合器44传递的驱动力随着由第二挤压机构46产生的挤压力的增大而增大。
减速装置的构造
接下来，将参考图3A至图5描述减速装置3的构造。减速装置3能够在接合状态和分离状态之间切换，在该接合状态下，电动机2的驱动力被传递到驱动力分配装置4，在该分离状态下，驱动力分配装置4的输入旋转构件40和电动机2的输出轴20彼此分离。在四轮驱动车辆1仅使用发动机1的驱动力来行驶的两轮驱动状态下，能够通过使减速装置3进入分离状态而抑制由于来自右后轮103和左后轮104的逆向输入而引起的电动机2旋转，这能够抑制由于电动机2的旋转阻力引起的损失而导致的动力性能和燃料效率的降低。在两轮驱动状态下的直线行驶期间，能够通过使减速装置3进入分离状态并使用第一挤压机构45和第二挤压机构46挤压第一多片式离合器43和第二多片式离合器44来抑制第一输出旋转构件41和第二输出旋转构件42之间的相对旋转，从而提高直线行驶的稳定性。
图3A是处于分离状态的减速装置3的截面图。图3B是处于接合状态的减速装置3的截面图。图4是减速装置3的分解透视图。图5是示出放大的图4的一部分的放大图。
减速装置3具有：第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32，该第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32被彼此同轴地支撑成能够相对旋转；联接构件33，该联接构件33被设置成能够相对于第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32在轴向方向上移动；移动机构34，该移动机构34使联接构件33在轴向方向上移动；管状小齿轮35(参见图2)，该管状小齿轮35被在外部装配在电动机2的输出轴20的端部处，从而与输出轴20一起旋转；齿圈36(参见图2)，该齿圈36被固定到输入旋转构件40；以及径向轴承37和推力轴承38。
在本实施例中，第一齿轮构件31被设置成离电动机2比联接构件33离电动机2近，第二齿轮构件32被设置成离驱动力分配装置4比联接构件33离驱动力分配装置4近，并且当减速装置3处于接合状态时，电动机2的驱动力经由联接构件33从第一齿轮构件31传递到第二齿轮构件32。在图3A和图3B中，第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32的旋转轴线O2由点划线指示。旋转轴线O2平行于第一输出旋转构件41和第二输出旋转构件42的旋转轴线O1。
第一齿轮构件31一体地具有：轮毂部311，该轮毂部311由滚动轴承568相对于壳体5被支撑；盘部312，该盘部312被设置在轮毂部311的外周处；第一齿轮部313，该第一齿轮部313被设置在盘部312的外周处；以及圆筒形配合部314，该配合部314被设置成从轮毂部311的一个侧表面311a在轴向方向上突出。由多个花键齿组成的内周花键314a被设置在配合部314的内周表面上。第一齿轮部313与被设置在小齿轮35的外周处的齿轮部351啮合。
第二齿轮构件32具有圆筒形状，在该圆筒形状中，轴孔320被设置在其中心部处，并且第二齿轮构件32一体地具有：第二齿轮部321，该第二齿轮部321与齿圈36啮合；和轴部322，该轴部322插入穿过联接构件33的内部以及第一齿轮构件31的轮毂部311。在第二齿轮构件32的内周表面和外周表面之间贯穿的长孔323被设置在轴部322中，以便在轴向方向上延伸。在本实施例中，两个长孔323被设置成彼此面对，其中旋转轴线O2介于这两个长孔323之间。
第二齿轮构件32的在轴向方向上的一个端部由一对滚动轴承569支撑在壳体5上(参见图2)。径向轴承37被设置在第二齿轮构件32的另一个端部的外周表面和轮毂部311的内周表面之间。由多个花键齿组成的外周花键322a被设置在轴部322的外周表面上。轴孔320在轴向方向上贯穿整个第二齿轮构件32。如图4中所示，径向轴承37具有：壳型外圈371；多个滚柱372，所述多个滚柱372被设置在壳型外圈371的内侧上；以及保持架373，该保持架373保持滚柱372。
第一齿轮部313的节圆直径(第一节圆直径)P1大于第二齿轮部321的节圆直径(第二节圆直径)P2。第一齿轮部313和第二齿轮部321设有斜齿，该斜齿的齿脊相对于与旋转轴线O2平行的方向倾斜。在图4和图5中，未示出第一齿轮部313和第二齿轮部321的齿形状。
联接构件33被设置成能够在非联接位置和联接位置之间在轴向方向上移动，在该非联接位置处，联接构件33仅与第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32中的一个齿轮构件啮合，在该联接位置处，联接构件33与这两个齿轮构件均啮合。在本实施例中，当减速装置3处于分离状态时，联接构件33仅与第二齿轮构件32啮合，而当减速装置3处于接合状态时，联接构件33与第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32啮合。图3A示出了联接构件33在非联接位置处的状态。图3B示出了联接构件33在联接位置处的状态。
联接构件33在第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32之间被设置在第二齿轮构件32的轴部322的外周处，并且通过移动机构34使该联接构件33在平行于旋转轴线O2的轴向方向上移动。另外，联接构件33一体地具有圆筒形本体部331和接合部332，稍后讨论的移动机构34的插入构件342与该接合部332接合。接合部332是从本体部331的内周表面沿径向向内突出的环形突起。
由多个花键齿组成的外周花键331a在第一齿轮构件31侧的一个端部处被设置在联接构件33的本体部331的外周表面上。由多个花键齿组成的内周花键331b在第二齿轮构件32侧的另一个端部处被设置在联接构件33的本体部331的内周表面上。另外，联接构件33的本体部331设有一对轴向凹槽331c，所述一对轴向凹槽331c将插入构件342从第二齿轮构件32侧的另一个端部在轴向方向上引导到插入构件342抵靠在接合部33上的位置处。
当联接构件33在非联接位置或联接位置处时，本体部331的内周花键331b与第二齿轮构件32的外周花键322a啮合，使得联接构件33与第二齿轮构件32一起旋转。当联接构件33在联接位置处时，本体部331的外周花键331a与第一齿轮构件31的内周花键314a啮合。当联接构件33在非联接位置处时，外周花键331a和内周花键314a彼此分离。
以这种方式，当联接构件33位于联接位置处时，第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32由联接构件33联接成不能相对旋转，并且当联接构件33位于联接位置处时，第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32能够相对旋转。联接构件33的外周花键331a和第一齿轮构件31的内周花键314a构成啮合离合器39，该啮合离合器39通过其相应的花键齿的啮合将电动机2的驱动力传递到第二齿轮构件32。
移动机构34具有：棒状体341，该棒状体341的在纵向方向上的一部分被设置在第二齿轮构件32的轴孔320中；插入构件342，该插入构件342被插入穿过第二齿轮构件32的一对长孔323；活塞343，该活塞343用作将在轴向方向上的移动力施加到棒状体341的挤压构件；轴承344，该轴承344介于活塞343和棒状体341之间；以及螺旋弹簧345，该螺旋弹簧345用作将联接构件33在与活塞343的挤压方向相反的方向上偏压的偏压构件。
棒状体341一体地具有：盘部341a，该盘部341a在轴孔320的外部抵靠在轴承344上；和棒状部341b，该棒状部341b从盘部341a在轴向方向上延伸，以抵靠在插入构件342上。棒状部341b的在抵靠在插入构件342上的抵靠表面341c侧的端部处的外径小于棒状部341b的在盘部341a侧的端部处的外径。
插入构件342是在正交于旋转轴线O2的方向上延伸的圆柱形状。插入构件342的两个端部均相对于第二齿轮构件32的轴部322的外周表面向外突出，从而与联接构件33的接合部332接合。在接合部322与插入构件342接合的情况下，联接构件33与棒状体341一起相对于第二齿轮构件32在轴向方向上移动。如图3A中所放大示出地，接合部332具有抵靠在插入构件342的侧表面342a上的第一侧表面332a以及抵靠在螺旋弹簧345上的第二侧表面332b。
活塞343的在轴向方向上的一部分被容纳在被设置在第四壳体构件54中的第三液压腔503中。活塞343使用从液压单元6供应的工作油的压力来经由轴承344挤压棒状体341。如图3A中所放大示出地，在活塞343的外周表面中设有环形凹槽343a，该环形凹槽343a容纳用于抑制工作油从第三液压腔503渗漏的O形环30。另外，凸起部343b被设置在活塞343的面向棒状体341的盘部341a的表面上，从而朝向盘部341a突出。
轴承344是推力滚柱轴承，其具有一对轴承圈344a和344b、多个滚柱344c以及保持滚柱344c的保持架344d，并且轴承344被设置在活塞343的凸起部343b的外周处。棒状体341在接收到来自活塞343的在轴向方向上的移动力的同时能够通过轴承344与第二齿轮构件32一起旋转。
螺旋弹簧345以轴向压缩状态被设置在联接构件33的接合部332的第二侧表面332b与推力轴承38之间。如图4中所示，推力轴承38具有：第一轴承圈381，该第一轴承圈381抵靠在螺旋弹簧345的一个端部上；第二轴承圈382，该第二轴承圈382抵靠在第一齿轮构件31的轮毂部311的一个侧表面311a上；多个滚柱383，所述多个滚柱383被设置在第一轴承圈381和第二轴承圈382之间；以及保持架384，该保持架384保持滚柱383。
螺旋弹簧345施加其恢复力，从而将联接构件33朝向第二齿轮部321偏压。偏压方向是联接构件33的外周花键331a和第一齿轮构件31的内周花键314a彼此分离的方向。插入构件342经由联接构件33的接合部332接收螺旋弹簧345的恢复力，从而抵靠在棒状体341的抵靠表面341c上。
液压单元的构造
接下来，将参考图6描述液压单元6的构造。图6是示出液压单元6的构造的示例的电路图。液压单元6具有：泵电动机61，该泵电动机61产生与从控制装置7供应的电流匹配的扭矩；液压泵63，该液压泵63通过联接轴62联接到泵电动机61；泄压阀64；以及第一控制阀65至第三控制阀67，并且该液压单元6输出工作油，用于致动第一挤压机构45和第二挤压机构46以及移动机构34。液压泵63由泵电动机61驱动，并且从储液器60抽取工作油从而排出工作油。泄压阀64是使所排出的工作油的一部分再循环回到储液器60的固定式节流阀。
第一控制阀65至第三控制阀67均是压力控制阀，其调节被供应到第一液压腔501至第三液压腔503中的每个液压腔的工作油的压力。第一控制阀65至第三控制阀67的阀开度根据从控制装置7供应的控制电流而变化。
第一控制阀65具有：供应端口，工作油被从液压泵63供应到该供应端口；和输出端口，工作油被从该输出端口输出到第一液压腔501。第一挤压机构45以与被供应到第一液压腔501的工作油的压力匹配的挤压力将第一多片式离合器43朝向中心板403挤压。第二控制阀66具有：供应端口，工作油被从液压泵63供应到该供应端口；和输出端口，工作油被从该输出端口输出到第二液压腔502。第二挤压机构46以与被供应到第二液压腔502的工作油的压力匹配的挤压力将第二多片式离合器44朝向中心板403挤压。
第三控制阀67具有：供应端口，工作油被从液压泵63供应到该供应端口；和输出端口，工作油被从该输出端口输出到第三液压腔503。移动机构34使用被供应到第三液压腔503的工作油的压力将联接构件33从非联接位置移动到联接位置。当第三液压腔503中的工作油的压力降低时，联接构件33通过螺旋弹簧345的恢复力从联接位置移动到非联接位置。
控制装置的控制
控制装置7能够通过提高或降低要被供应给液压单元6的泵电动机61以及第一控制阀65至第三控制阀67的电流来控制第一挤压机构45、第二挤压机构46和移动机构34。另外，控制装置7可以通过例如车内通信网络诸如控制器局域网(CAN)来获取各种类型的车辆信息。车辆信息包括诸如右前轮101和左前轮102以及右后轮103和左后轮104的车轮速度、加速器踏板的下压量以及方向盘的转向角度的信息。控制装置7存储关于多个控制映射的信息，所述多个控制映射指示车辆信息与要被输出到右后轮103和左后轮104中的每一个轮的驱动力的大小之间的关系。
控制装置7基于右前轮101和左前轮102以及右后轮103和左后轮104被驱动的四轮驱动状态下的车辆信息参考控制映射，并且计算要被从第一输出旋转构件41输出到右后轮103的驱动力作为第一命令输出扭矩，并且计算要被从第二输出旋转构件42输出到左后轮104的驱动力作为第二命令输出扭矩。控制装置7控制电动机2、第一挤压机构45和第二挤压机构46，使得从第一输出旋转构件41输出与第一命令输出扭矩匹配的驱动力，并且从第二输出旋转构件42输出与第二命令输出扭矩匹配的驱动力。
在仅驱动右前轮101和左前轮102的两轮驱动状态下，控制装置7控制移动机构34，以便使减速装置3进入分离状态，这抑制了由于来自右后轮103和左后轮104的逆向输入而引起的电动机2的旋转。当四轮驱动车辆1以两轮驱动状态直线行驶时，第一挤压机构45和第二挤压机构46被控制成使得第一多片式离合器43和第二多片式离合器44被挤压，这能够抑制第一输出旋转构件41和第二输出旋转构件42之间的相对旋转，从而提高直线行驶的稳定性。
为了使减速装置3从分离状态进入接合状态，控制装置7通过经由第一多片式离合器43和第二多片式离合器44将第一输出旋转构件41和第二输出旋转构件42的旋转力传递给输入旋转构件40来旋转第二齿轮构件32。控制装置7通过将电动机的电流供应给电动机2而旋转第一齿轮构件31，并且使第一齿轮构件31的旋转与第二齿轮构件32的旋转同步。控制装置7通过控制移动机构34来将联接构件33从非联接位置移动到联接位置，从而使减速装置3进入接合状态。通过控制电动机2使得第一齿轮构件31的转速与基于右后轮103和左后轮104的车轮速度计算出的第二齿轮构件32的转速一致，控制装置7能够使第一齿轮机构31的旋转与第二齿轮机构32的旋转同步。
第一实施例的功能和效果
在上述第一实施例中，在两轮驱动状态下，通过使减速装置3进入分离状态，第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32彼此脱联。因而，能够抑制由于来自右后轮103和左后轮104的逆向输入导致的电动机2的旋转阻力而引起的动力损失。第一齿轮构件31和第二齿轮构件32通过啮合离合器39(联接构件33的外周花键331a和第一齿轮构件31的内周花键314a)而彼此脱联。因此，例如，与仅通过释放第一多片式离合器43和第二多片式离合器44而使电动机2不旋转的情况或者通过在从电动机2的输出轴20通往驱动力分配装置4的输入旋转构件40的路径中设置多片式离合器并释放该多片式离合器而使电动机2不旋转的情况相比，能够显著地抑制拖曳扭矩并且可靠地抑制由于逆向输入引起的电动机2的旋转。
在上述第一实施例中，活塞343的移动力通过被设置在第二齿轮构件32的轴孔320中的棒状体341传递给联接构件33，这能够抑制减速装置3的尺寸的增大，并且也有助于降低装置的重量。在轴承344被设置在棒状体341和活塞343之间的状态下，进一步地，棒状体341在接收到来自活塞343的在轴向方向上的移动力的同时能够与第二齿轮构件32一起平稳地旋转。
在上述第一实施例中，第一挤压机构45、第二挤压机构46和移动机构34由从液压单元6供应的工作油致动。因而，与这些机构由例如电磁致动器所致动的情况相比，能够降低驱动装置10的尺寸和成本。液压单元6将从单个液压泵63排出的工作油从第一控制阀65至第三控制阀67分别供应到第一液压腔501至第三液压腔503。因而，也能够降低液压单元6的尺寸和成本。
第二实施例
接下来，将参考图7A和图7B描述本发明的第二实施例。图7A是处于接合状态的根据第二实施例的减速装置3A的截面图。图7B是处于分离状态的根据第二实施例的减速装置3A的截面图。减速装置3A被构造成大致类似于根据第一实施例的减速装置，但是与根据第一实施例的减速装置不同在于组成啮合离合器39的联接构件33的外周花键331a和第一齿轮构件31的内周花键314a之间的位置关系。
在第一实施例中，当联接构件33在工作油被供应给第三液压腔503的情况下通过活塞343的移动力而移动到第一齿轮构件31侧时，减速装置3进入接合状态，并且当联接构件33通过螺旋弹簧345的恢复力而在离开第一齿轮构件31的方向上移动时，减速装置3进入分离状态。在本实施例中，相反地，当联接构件33移动到第一齿轮构件31侧时，减速装置3进入分离状态，并且当联接构件33在离开第一齿轮构件31的方向上移动时，减速装置3进入接合状态。
因此，联接构件33的外周花键331a被设置在如下位置处：在该位置处，当联接构件33移动离开第一齿轮构件31时，外周花键331a与第一齿轮构件31的内周花键314a啮合，并且在该位置处，当联接构件33移动到第一齿轮构件31侧时，外周花键331a与第一齿轮构件31的内周花键314a之间的啮合被解除。更具体地，外周花键331a被构造成：当联接构件33移动到第一齿轮构件31侧时，外周花键331a被定位成离轮毂部311的侧表面311a比内周花键314a离轮毂部311的侧表面311a近。
通过第二实施例，也能够实现与第一实施相同的功能和效果。另外，在减速装置3处于接合状态时，不需要将工作油供应到第三液压腔503。因而，在车辆长时间以四轮驱动状态行驶的情况下，能够降低液压单元6所消耗的电力。
虽然上文已经基于第一实施例和第二实施例描述了本发明，但是这些实施例不限制根据权利要求的本发明。应注意，关于实施例所述的特征的所有组合对于解决本发明的问题来说都不是必需的。
在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，可以视需要修改本发明。例如，虽然在上述第一实施例和第二实施例中，当联接构件33处于非联接位置时，联接构件33与第二齿轮构件32啮合，但是本发明不限于此。联接构件33可以被修改成当联接构件33处于非联接位置时与第一齿轮构件31啮合。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于车辆的驱动装置(10)，其特征在于包括：
电动机(2)；
减速装置(3)，所述减速装置(3)被构造成降低从所述电动机(2)传递来的转速；和
驱动力分配装置(4)，所述驱动力分配装置(4)将经由所述减速装置(3)输入的所述电动机(2)的驱动力分配和输出到第一输出旋转构件(41)和第二输出旋转构件(42)，其中，所述减速装置(3)包括：第一齿轮构件(31)，所述第一齿轮构件(31)具有第一齿轮部(313)，所述第一齿轮部(313)具有第一节圆直径；第二齿轮构件(32)，所述第二齿轮构件(32)以与所述第一齿轮构件(31)同轴的方式被支撑成能够相对于所述第一齿轮构件旋转，并且所述第二齿轮构件(32)具有第二齿轮部(321)，所述第二齿轮部(321)具有与所述第一节圆直径不同的第二节圆直径；联接构件(33)，所述联接构件(33)被设置成能够在非联接位置和联接位置之间在轴向方向上移动，其中，在所述非联接位置处，所述联接构件(33)仅仅与所述第一齿轮构件(31)和所述第二齿轮构件(32)中的一个齿轮构件啮合，而在所述联接位置处，所述联接构件(33)与所述第一齿轮构件(31)和所述第二齿轮构件(32)两者均啮合；以及移动机构(34)，所述移动机构(34)被构造成使所述联接构件(33)在所述轴向方向上移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置(10)，其特征在于：
所述第二齿轮构件(32)为圆筒的形状，在所述圆筒中，轴孔被设置在所述圆筒的中心部处；
所述移动机构(34)具有棒状体，所述棒状体的在纵向方向上的至少一部分被设置在所述轴孔中；并且
所述联接构件(33)被构造成与所述棒状体一起在所述轴向方向上移动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的驱动装置(10)，其特征在于：
所述第二齿轮构件(32)设有长孔，所述长孔在所述第二齿轮构件的内周表面和外周表面之间延伸以便在所述轴向方向上延伸；
所述移动机构(34)具有插入构件，所述插入构件被插入所述长孔中，并且所述插入构件被构造成抵靠所述棒状体；并且
所述联接构件(33)被设置在所述第二齿轮构件(32)的外周处，并且所述联接构件(33)被构造成与所述插入构件接合并且被构造成与所述棒状体一起在所述轴向方向上移动。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的驱动装置(10)，其特征在于：
所述移动机构(34)具有：挤压构件，所述挤压构件被构造成向所述棒状体施加在所述轴向方向上的移动力；以及轴承，所述轴承介于所述挤压构件和所述棒状体之间；并且
所述棒状体被构造成在接收到所述移动力的同时与所述第二齿轮构件(32)一起旋转。
5.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的驱动装置(10)，其特征在于：
所述驱动力分配装置(4)包括：输入旋转构件(40)，所述电动机(2)的驱动力被输入到所述输入旋转构件(40)；第一多片式离合器(43)，所述第一多片式离合器(43)被设置在所述输入旋转构件(40)和所述第一输出旋转构件(41)之间；第二多片式离合器(44)，所述第二多片式离合器(44)被设置在所述输入旋转构件(40)和所述第二输出旋转构件(42)之间；第一挤压机构(45)，所述第一挤压机构(45)被构造成挤压所述第一多片式离合器(43)；以及第二挤压机构(46)，所述第二挤压机构(46)被构造成挤压所述第二多片式离合器(44)；
所述驱动装置(10)还包括液压单元(6)，所述液压单元(6)被构造成输出要被供应给所述第一挤压机构(45)、所述第二挤压机构(46)和所述移动机构(34)的工作油；并且
所述液压单元(6)包括：第一控制阀(65)，所述第一控制阀(65)被构造成输出要被供应给所述第一挤压机构(45)的工作油；第二控制阀(66)，所述第二控制阀(66)被构造成输出要被供应给所述第二挤压机构(46)的工作油；第三控制阀(67)，所述第三控制阀(67)被构造成输出要被供应给所述移动机构(34)的工作油；以及泵，所述泵被构造成将工作油供应给所述第一控制阀(65)、所述第二控制阀(66)和所述第三控制阀(67)。
CN202011137020.5A 2019-10-29 2020-10-22 用于车辆的驱动装置 Pending CN112744069A (zh)

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