CN112743658A - Ceramic 3D printing method - Google Patents
Ceramic 3D printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112743658A CN112743658A CN202011488672.3A CN202011488672A CN112743658A CN 112743658 A CN112743658 A CN 112743658A CN 202011488672 A CN202011488672 A CN 202011488672A CN 112743658 A CN112743658 A CN 112743658A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic 3D printing, in particular to a ceramic 3D printing method, wherein the ceramic 3D printing method comprises the steps of placing a printing material in a 3D printing working environment, printing under the conditions that the laser power is 140-160 mw and the laser part entity scanning speed is 1750mm/s-1950mm/s, completing printing on a printing standard layer according to a preset printing program, and the laser contour scanning speed is 3500mm/s-3900 mm/s. The product obtained by the ceramic 3D printing method provided by the invention has good laser curing performance, high dimensional precision and ceramic density, hardness and porosity meeting the requirements; meanwhile, the adopted components are common, the preparation is convenient, the material performance is stable and good, the high-temperature resistance is excellent, the cracking does not occur after the material is placed for a long time, the cost performance is high, the popularization is easy, and the market application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic 3D printing, in particular to a ceramic 3D printing method.
Background
The 3D printing technology is also called additive manufacturing technology, and is a manufacturing method which is completely consistent with a corresponding mathematical model by directly manufacturing a three-dimensional physical solid model by adding materials in a layer-by-layer manufacturing mode based on three-dimensional CAD model data, and is completely opposite to the traditional machining method.
The 3D printing technology continuously expands new technical routes and implementation methods, and the mature technology mainly comprises the following steps: photocuring (SLA) shaping, fused deposition Fabrication (FD) shaping, Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) shaping, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) shaping, and binder spray (3DP) shaping.
The 3D printing technology of the material is a key development field of '2025 Chinese manufacturing' in our country, and compared with the rapid development of the 3D printing technology of metal materials and high polymer materials, the 3D printing technology of brittle ceramic materials is far from the initial stage, and the 3D printing technology of the ceramic materials is undoubtedly a difficult point. The material needs to solve the problems of low ceramic ratio, inconsistent fluidity and stability, easy settlement when placed and the like. At present, the research on ceramic paste in China is less, and the ceramic paste mainly depends on import.
The patent application No. 202010260768.8 entitled photocuring 3D printing method and printing system discloses a photocuring 3D printing method and printing system, which comprises the following steps: preparing a 3D printing raw material, and conveying the 3D printing raw material in a molten state to a 3D printing head; establishing a three-dimensional model of an object to be 3D printed; carrying out layering processing on the object to be 3D printed; determining a scanning track and a corresponding curing depth of a laser according to the profile information of each layer of section of the object to be 3D printed; determining laser frequency according to the curing depth, and obtaining electric pulse scanning signal data of a laser scanner according to the laser frequency; the printing head ejects 3D printing raw materials to perform 3D printing operation; adjusting the irradiation range of each light source module, and curing the printing layer through irradiation; after each layer is printed, controlling the printing workbench to descend by the distance of one printing layer, and realizing the photocuring 3D printing operation layer by layer;
however, the 3D printing parameters are designed and matched with the ceramic material, so that the performance of the ceramic printed product can meet the actual use requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the product performance cannot meet the actual use requirement caused by the 3D printing parameters in the background technology, the invention provides a ceramic 3D printing method, wherein a printing material is placed in a 3D printing working environment, printing is carried out under the conditions that the laser power is 140 mw-160 mw and the laser part entity scanning speed is 1750mm/s-1950mm/s, and printing on a printing standard layer is finished according to a preset printing program.
On the basis of the scheme, the 3D printing condition further comprises a laser profile scanning speed of 3500mm/s-3900 mm/s.
On the basis of the scheme, further, the 3D printing condition further comprises that the moving speed of the scraper is 5mm/s-8 mm/s.
On the basis of the scheme, the thickness of the printing standard layer is 0.05 mm.
On the basis of the above scheme, further, the 3D printing studio includes a printing platform, and the size of the printing platform is 300mm by 300 mm.
On the basis of the scheme, further, the 3D printing condition further comprises that the feeding amount is 5900-6100 mm3。
On the basis of the scheme, the printing material further comprises the following components in parts by mass:
70-84 parts of ceramic powder
15-25 parts of photosensitive resin
1-5 parts of a mineralizer;
the photosensitive resin is preferably epoxy acrylate, polyurethane acrylate, polyester acrylate and the like, or is formed by combining one or more of common ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate and the like.
On the basis of the scheme, the ceramic powder is further composed of a plurality of ceramic powders with different particle sizes.
On the basis of the scheme, the ceramic powder further comprises 5000-6000 mesh, 3000-3500 mesh and 1600-2000 mesh ceramic powders respectively.
On the basis of the scheme, the mass ratio of the 5000-6000-mesh, 3000-3500-mesh and 1600-2000-mesh ceramic powder is (30-38): (20-32): (10-24).
Compared with the prior art, the ceramic 3D printing method provided by the invention has the following effects: the ceramic material has the advantages of good laser curing performance, high dimensional precision, ceramic density, hardness and porosity meeting the requirements, common selected components, convenience in manufacturing, good material performance stability, excellent high-temperature resistance, no cracking after long-time storage, high cost performance and easiness in popularization.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following description will clearly and completely describe the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention also provides the following embodiments:
example 1
According to the following steps, ceramic powder A30 parts, ceramic powder B25 parts, ceramic powder C15 parts, photosensitive resin 22 parts and mineralizer 3 parts are stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer and placed in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is respectively as follows: ceramic powder A of 5000 meshes, ceramic powder B of 3000 meshes and ceramic powder C of 1600 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: laser power 150mw, laser part entity scanning speed 1800mm/s, laser contour scanning speed 3700mm/s, scraper moving speed 6mm/s, printing platform 300mm, material supply 6000mm3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 20 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 20 minutes at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ and the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, maintaining for 60 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 90 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
Example 2
According to the following steps, ceramic powder A32 parts, ceramic powder B28 parts, ceramic powder C17 parts, photosensitive resin 20 parts and mineralizer 3 parts are stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer and placed in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is respectively as follows: ceramic powder A of 5000 meshes, ceramic powder B of 3000 meshes and ceramic powder C of 1600 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: laser power 150mw, laser part entity scanning speed 1800mm/s, laser contour scanning speed 3700mm/s, scraper moving speed 6mm/s, printing platform 300mm, material supply 6000mm3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 30 minutes at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ and the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, heat preservation for 70 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 105 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
Example 3
Uniformly stirring and mixing ceramic powder A32, ceramic powder B30, ceramic powder C18, photosensitive resin 16 and mineralizer 4 in a mixer, and placing the mixture in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is respectively as follows: ceramic powder A of 5000 meshes, ceramic powder B of 3000 meshes and ceramic powder C of 1600 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: laser power 150mw, laser part entity scanning speed 1800mm/s, laser contour scanning speed 3700mm/s, scraper moving speed 6mm/s, printing platform 300mm, material supply 6000mm3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 40 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 40 minutes at 200-500 ℃ and at the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, maintaining for 90 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 120 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
Comparative example 1
According to 77 parts of ceramic powder, 20 parts of photosensitive resin and 3 parts of mineralizer, uniformly stirring and mixing in a mixer, and placing in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is as follows: 5000 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: laser power 150mw, laser part entity scanning speed 1800mm/s, laser contour scanning speed 3700mm/s, scraper moving speed 6mm/s, printing platform 300mm, material supply 6000mm3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 40 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 40 minutes at 200-500 ℃ and at the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, maintaining for 90 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 120 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
Comparative example 2
According to the following steps, ceramic powder A32 parts, ceramic powder B28 parts, ceramic powder C17 parts, photosensitive resin 20 parts and mineralizer 3 parts are stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer and placed in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is respectively as follows: ceramic powder A of 5000 meshes, ceramic powder B of 3000 meshes and ceramic powder C of 1600 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: the laser power is 120mw, the laser part entity scanning speed is 1800mm/s, the laser profile scanning speed is 3700mm/s, the scraper moving speed is 6mm/s, the printing platform is 300mm x 300mm, and the material supply quantity is 6000mm3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 30 minutes at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ and the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, heat preservation for 70 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 105 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
Comparative example 3
According to the following steps, ceramic powder A32 parts, ceramic powder B28 parts, ceramic powder C17 parts, photosensitive resin 20 parts and mineralizer 3 parts are stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer and placed in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is respectively as follows: ceramic powder A of 5000 meshes, ceramic powder B of 3000 meshes and ceramic powder C of 1600 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: 170mw of laser power, 1800mm/s of laser part entity scanning speed, 3700mm/s of laser profile scanning speed, 6mm/s of scraper moving speed, 300mm of printing platform and 6000mm of material supply quantity3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 30 minutes at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ and the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, heat preservation for 70 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 105 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
Comparative example 4
According to the following steps, ceramic powder A32 parts, ceramic powder B28 parts, ceramic powder C17 parts, photosensitive resin 20 parts and mineralizer 3 parts are stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer and placed in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is respectively as follows: ceramic powder A of 5000 meshes, ceramic powder B of 3000 meshes and ceramic powder C of 1600 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: laser power 150mw, laser part entity scanning speed 1550mm/s, laser contour scanning speed 3700mm/s, scraper moving speed 6mm/s, printing platform 300mm, and material supply 6000mm3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 30 minutes at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ and the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, heat preservation for 70 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 105 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
Comparative example 5
According to the following steps, ceramic powder A32 parts, ceramic powder B28 parts, ceramic powder C17 parts, photosensitive resin 20 parts and mineralizer 3 parts are stirred and mixed uniformly in a mixer and placed in a 3D printing working environment;
wherein the fineness of the ceramic powder is respectively as follows: ceramic powder A of 5000 meshes, ceramic powder B of 3000 meshes and ceramic powder C of 1600 meshes.
Establishing a model by using a computer, and setting the thickness of a printing standard layer to be 0.05mm and scanning paths of each layer;
wherein, the technological parameters of 3D printing are respectively set as: laser power 150mw, laser part entity scanning speed 2050mm/s, laser contour scanning speed 3700mm/s, scraper moving speed 6mm/s, printing platform 300mm, and material supply amount 6000mm3。
Then, the degreasing roasting step and the parameters are as follows:
heating to 200 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere (1), wherein the heating rate is 0.4 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min; (2) then keeping the temperature for 30 minutes at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ and the heating rate of 0.2 ℃/minute; (3) 500-800 deg.c, heating rate of 0.5 deg.c/min, heat preservation for 70 min, and nitrogen-air atmosphere conversion at 800 deg.c. This was completed in 10 minutes.
Under the air atmosphere (1) 800-; (2) at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 105 min; (3) 1280-room temperature, cooling rate of 1 ℃/minute, and naturally cooling.
It should be noted that, in comparative examples 1 to 5, the printing material composition, the laser power and the laser part entity scanning speed are respectively adjusted and compared based on example 2, and meanwhile, the model of the adopted 3D printing device is CERAMAKER 900; of course, the specific parameters, reagents and printing devices in the foregoing embodiments are specific embodiments or preferred embodiments contemplated by the present invention, and are not limited thereto; those skilled in the art can adapt the same within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In the above examples and comparative examples, the performance of the products obtained by subjecting the alumina ceramic printing materials to the same degreasing and baking processes under different printing parameters was tested, and the relevant test standards and test results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 Main technical index Table
Table 2 example test data
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Bending strength, MPa | 29.5 | 30.1 | 31.2 |
| High temperature strength, MPa | 10.6 | 10.9 | 11.0 |
| Open porosity,% | 41.2 | 41.1 | 41.1 |
| Bulk density, g/cm3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
Table 3 comparative example test data
According to the table, the product obtained by the ceramic 3D printing method provided by the invention is matched with parameters such as proper laser power, laser part entity scanning speed, scraper moving speed and the like, so that the product meeting the ceramic 3D printing requirements of the market is obtained;
meanwhile, as can be seen from the example 2 and the comparative example 1, the performance of the product obtained by adopting the ceramic powders with different powder finenesses is better than that of the product obtained by using the ceramic powder with one single powder fineness under the same parameters.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A ceramic 3D printing method is characterized in that: and (3) placing the printing material in a 3D printing working environment, printing under the conditions of laser power of 140-160 mw and laser part entity scanning speed of 1750mm/s-1950mm/s, and finishing printing on a printing standard layer according to a preset printing program.
2. The ceramic 3D printing method of claim 1, wherein the conditions of 3D printing further comprise a laser profile scan speed of 3500mm/s-3900 mm/s.
3. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of 3D printing further include a moving speed of a blade of 5mm/s to 8 mm/s.
4. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the printing standard layer is 0.05 mm.
5. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein: the 3D printing studio includes a printing platform, the size of the printing platform being 300mm by 300 mm.
6. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein: the 3D printing condition further comprises that the feeding amount is 5900-6100 mm3。
7. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 1, wherein: the printing material comprises the following components in parts by mass:
70-84 parts of ceramic powder
15-25 parts of photosensitive resin
1-5 parts of a mineralizer.
8. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 7, wherein: the ceramic powder is composed of a plurality of ceramic powders with different particle sizes.
9. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 7, wherein: the ceramic powder comprises 5000-6000 meshes, 3000-3500 meshes and 1600-2000 meshes.
10. The ceramic 3D printing method according to claim 9, wherein: the mass ratio of the 5000-6000-mesh, 3000-3500-mesh and 1600-2000-mesh ceramic powder is (30-38): (20-32): (10-24).
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| CN114378917A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-22 | 集美大学 | Large-format slurry 3D printing method capable of adjusting liquid level |
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