CN112742523B

CN112742523B - Lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer caking loosening device and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112742523B
Application number: CN202011611970.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李文胜; 赵琳丽; 王珊珊; 徐恩静; 张旭冉; 徐光�
Original assignee: Anhui Wensheng Biological Co ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Wensheng Biological Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-30
Filing date: 2020-12-30
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-30
Also published as: CN112742523A

Abstract

The invention discloses a lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer caking and loosening device and a use method thereof, relates to the related field of caking and loosening devices, and aims to solve the problems that the caking compound fertilizer is basically loosened by adopting a beating structure, part of caking is generated after beating for a long time, and the loosening efficiency is low. The supporting unit is including connecting the roof and supporting the curb plate, the inside upper end of supporting unit is provided with intermediate junction plate, be provided with buffer spring between connection roof and the intermediate junction plate, support the inboard middle lower extreme fixedly connected with side bolster along the intermediate junction plate of upper end of curb plate, a driving motor is installed to the upper end of side bolster, striking piece is installed to a driving motor's output axle head, vertical mounting panel, two are installed to the both sides of intermediate junction plate lower extreme loose roller is installed to lower extreme between the vertical mounting panel.

Description

Lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer caking loosening device and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of caking and loosening devices, in particular to a lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer caking and loosening device and a using method thereof.

Background

Common raw materials of the compound fertilizer formula mainly comprise urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride potassium sulfate and the like, the common raw materials have different degrees of hygroscopicity, and the critical hygroscopicity point of the mixed different raw materials is obviously lower than that of a monomer object. When the air humidity is high or the chemical reaction among different components of the compound fertilizer is not completed in the granulation process, the compound salt and the solid solution are formed in the storage process. These reactions occur between the components on the surface of the granules and where the granules of different components contact each other, with the concomitant release of heat and moisture, and may cause recrystallization between the surfaces of the granules, forming crystal bridges and causing the agglomeration of the compound fertilizer. Because the low-concentration compound fertilizer and the medium-concentration compound fertilizer are doped with inert substances (such as silicon oxide, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and the like), the high-concentration compound fertilizer has less water-insoluble inert substances and has larger binding force between binding bonds with moisture, so the low-concentration compound fertilizer is easy to agglomerate.

At present, the caking compound fertilizer is treated by manually beating the fertilizer by using a stick to realize caking and loosening, or simple stirring and beating equipment is used for loosening, and as the quantity of the compound fertilizer contacted by beating is limited, partial caking can be generated after the compound fertilizer is beaten for a long time, the loosening efficiency is low, and the working efficiency is influenced; therefore, the market urgently needs to develop a lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer caking and loosening device and a using method thereof to help people to solve the existing problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer caking loosening device and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the caking compound fertilizer loosening is basically performed by adopting a beating structure in the prior art, partial caking still exists after beating for a long time, and the loosening efficiency is low.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the anti-lodging multi-element compound fertilizer caking loosening device comprises a supporting unit, wherein the supporting unit comprises a connecting top plate and supporting side plates, the supporting side plates are positioned at two sides of the lower end of the connecting top plate, an intermediate connecting plate is arranged at the upper end inside the supporting unit, a buffer spring is arranged between the connecting top plate and the intermediate connecting plate, two ends of the buffer spring are respectively fixed with the connecting top plate and the intermediate connecting plate, a side supporting block is fixedly connected with the middle of the upper end inside the supporting side plate along the lower end of the intermediate connecting plate, a first driving motor is arranged at the upper end of the side supporting block, an output shaft end of the first driving motor is provided with a striking piece, the striking piece comprises a striking head, the striking head is contacted with the intermediate connecting plate, vertical mounting plates are arranged at two sides of the lower end of the intermediate connecting plate, and a loosening roller is arranged at the lower end between the two vertical mounting plates, the axis of rotation and the vertical mounting panel of loose roller pass through the bearing and are connected, loose roller includes side seal board and middle cylinder, and the side seal board is located middle cylindrical both sides, side seal board and middle cylinder fixed connection, middle cylindrical outside fixedly connected with fixed block, the surface of fixed block set up to the arc, and the fixed block is provided with a plurality of, a plurality of form square groove between the fixed block, crisscross setting about from top to bottom square groove and fixed block.

Preferably, the drive pneumatic cylinder is installed to the inboard of collateral branch supporting block lower extreme, the output pole fixedly connected with of drive pneumatic cylinder slides the backup pad down, the support unit is still including supporting the back plate, supports the centre that the back plate is located connection roof lower extreme rear end, be provided with vertical sliding tray on the support back plate, it is provided with vertical sliding block to slide backup pad rear end and vertical sliding tray corresponding position down, and vertical sliding block slides in vertical sliding tray with vertical sliding block of lower sliding backup pad fixed connection.

Preferably, the centre of lower sliding support board upper end is provided with outer guard box, outer guard box includes the guard box main part, the inside both sides of guard box main part are provided with blend stop, blend stop and guard box main part fixed connection, the inside both sides of guard box main part are provided with the side along blend stop's the outside and place the groove, two are followed to the inside both sides of guard box main part loose groove in the middle of being provided with between the blend stop, be provided with vertical spacing groove on the blend stop, the width of vertical spacing groove is greater than the diameter of axis of rotation, and the lower extreme of vertical spacing groove sets up to semi-circular, and the medial surface of vertical spacing groove is provided with the ball.

Preferably, the middle loosening groove comprises a rectangular portion and a semicircular portion, the rectangular portion is located at the upper end of the semicircular portion, and the width of the rectangular portion and the diameter of the semicircular portion are both larger than the diameter of the loosening roller.

Preferably, driven gear is installed to one side of loose roller, drive gear is installed to driven gear's upper end, drive gear and driven gear meshing, and vertical mounting panel, drive gear and driven gear's lower extreme extends to the inside of side standing groove, second driving motor is installed along one side of drive gear in the outside of vertical mounting panel.

Preferably, the both sides of lower sliding support plate up end are provided with longitudinal sliding groove, the lower extreme fixedly connected with fixed plate of outer protective housing front end, outer protective housing and fixed plate lower extreme correspond position fixedly connected with longitudinal sliding strip with longitudinal sliding groove, and longitudinal sliding strip slides in longitudinal sliding groove, be provided with the second fixed orifices on the fixed plate, correspond the position with the second fixed orifices and be provided with first fixed orifices in the backup pad that slides down, it is fixed with outer protective housing and pass first fixed orifices and second fixed orifices through the bolt down to slide the backup pad.

Preferably, the support side plate is provided with a side limiting groove hole, the middle of two sides of the middle connecting plate is provided with a limiting sliding part, the outer side of the limiting sliding part is provided with a limiting plate, the middle connecting plate, the limiting sliding part and the limiting plate are fixedly connected adjacently, the width of the limiting sliding part is equal to that of the side limiting groove hole, and the width of the limiting plate is greater than that of the side limiting groove hole.

Preferably, the supporting unit further comprises a supporting bottom plate and a supporting base plate, the supporting bottom plate is located at the lower end of the supporting side plate, the supporting base plate is located at the lower end of the supporting bottom plate, and the supporting bottom plate, the supporting base plate, the supporting side plate, the supporting rear plate and the connecting top plate are welded and fixed adjacently.

A method of use comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: pouring the caking lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer into a middle loosening groove of the outer protection box, sliding a longitudinal sliding strip of the outer protection box into the middle loosening groove along a longitudinal sliding groove of the lower sliding support plate, and fixing the lower sliding support plate and the outer protection box by passing through a bolt through a first fixing hole and a second fixing hole;

step two: the output rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder contracts, the vertical sliding block of the lower sliding support plate upwards slides along the vertical sliding groove of the support rear plate, the output rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder contracts to the shortest length, the loosening roller completely enters the middle loosening groove of the outer protective box, and the vertical mounting plate and the driven gear part enter the side placing groove;

step three: an output shaft of the second driving motor drives the driving gear to rotate, the driven gear and the driving gear synchronously and reversely rotate, the loosening roller rotates, and the alternate fixed blocks on the outer side of the loosening roller roll the caking and lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer in the middle loosening groove;

step four: the second driving motor works while the first driving motor drives the impact piece to rotate, an impact head of the impact piece intermittently impacts the middle connecting plate, the middle connecting plate vibrates up and down in a reciprocating mode under the action of the buffer spring, the loosening roller synchronously moves up and down in a reciprocating mode to impact the caking lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer in the middle loosening groove to loosen the compound fertilizer, and the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer adhered to the loosening roller is vibrated into the middle loosening groove;

step five: the second driving motor and the first driving motor jointly act on the loosening completion of the caking anti-lodging multi-element compound fertilizer, the output rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder extends, the vertical sliding block of the lower sliding support plate slides downwards to the lowest end along the vertical sliding groove of the supporting rear plate, the bolt fixation of the lower sliding support plate and the outer protection box is removed, the outer protection box is pulled out, and the anti-lodging multi-element compound fertilizer after the loosening of the inner part of the outer protection box is detached.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. in the invention, caking compound fertilizer is placed in an outer protective box, a lower sliding support plate is driven by a driving hydraulic cylinder to upwards drive a loosening roller to gradually enter the inner part of the protective box, a driven gear synchronously and reversely rotates under the driving of a second driving motor to drive the loosening roller to rotate, a fixed block is arranged on the outer side of a middle cylinder of the loosening roller, square grooves are formed among a plurality of fixed blocks, the caking compound fertilizer in the middle loosening groove is rolled by the alternate fixed blocks, meanwhile, a first driving motor drives an impact piece to rotate, so that the impact piece intermittently impacts an intermediate connecting plate, the intermediate connecting plate moves downwards due to gravity after moving upwards under the action of a buffer spring to drive the loosening roller to reciprocate upwards and downwards, the caking compound fertilizer is impacted to loosen the caking compound fertilizer, and the caking compound fertilizer is loosened by rolling and beating, and the compound fertilizer adhered to the loosening roller due to the rolling action is vibrated down by the up-and-down vibration of the loosening roller, so that the caking and loosening of the compound fertilizer can be completed in a short time, and the problems that the caking and loosening of the caking compound fertilizer are basically performed by adopting a beating structure at present, and the loosening efficiency is low because part of caking is generated after beating for a long time are solved.

2. According to the loosening device, the hydraulic cylinder is driven to drive the vertical sliding block on the lower sliding support plate to move up and down along the vertical sliding groove for supporting the rear plate, so that the outer protective box moves up and down, the loosening roller enters the inner part of the outer protective box, or the loosening roller is separated from the inner part of the outer protective box, when the loosening roller is separated from the inner part of the outer protective box, the loosening roller is far away from an upper end opening of the outer protective box, and the outer protective box is located at the lower end position in the supporting unit, so that the loading of the caking compound fertilizer and the unloading of the loosened compound fertilizer are facilitated.

3. According to the invention, the interior of the outer protective box is divided into two side placing grooves and a middle loosening groove through the connecting baffle plate, and due to the arrangement of the rotating shaft on the loosening roller, the connecting baffle plate is provided with the longitudinal limiting groove, and the side sealing plates are arranged at the two sides of the loosening roller for blocking, so that the fertilizer is prevented from moving into the side placing grooves; when the outer protection box moves upwards, the side placing grooves can reserve placing spaces for the supporting structures and the driving structures on the two sides of the loosening roller, and the scheme of assisting the outer protection box to move upwards is used for completing loosening work of compound fertilizers.

4. In the invention, the middle loosening groove is composed of the rectangular part and the semicircular part, the diameter of the semicircular part and the width of the rectangular part are larger than the diameter of the side sealing plate, when the loosening roller rolls and beats the agglomerated compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer is difficult to be prevented from being adhered to the surface of the loosening roller, and when the adhered compound fertilizer is vibrated down by the impacting piece, the rectangular part can reduce the possibility that the compound fertilizer splashes out of the outer protective box.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for caking and loosening of a lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the supporting unit of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the intermediate connecting plate of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the loosening roller of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall construction of the impactor of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the lower shoe plate of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the outer protective casing of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of the change of the working state of the device for caking and loosening the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer.

In the figure: 1. a support unit; 2. a support base plate; 3. a support pad; 4. supporting the side plates; 5. supporting the rear plate; 6. connecting the top plate; 7. an intermediate connection plate; 8. a buffer spring; 9. a side support block; 10. a first drive motor; 11. a striker; 12. a second drive motor; 13. a vertical mounting plate; 14. a drive gear; 15. a driven gear; 16. a loosening roller; 17. driving the hydraulic cylinder; 18. a lower sliding support plate; 19. an outer protective case; 20. a vertical sliding groove; 21. side limit slot holes; 22. a limiting sliding part; 23. a limiting plate; 24. a side sealing plate; 25. a middle cylinder; 26. a fixed block; 27. a square groove; 28. a vertical sliding block; 29. a longitudinal sliding groove; 30. a first fixing hole; 31. a protective box main body; 32. a fixing plate; 33. a second fixing hole; 34. a longitudinal slide bar; 35. connecting a baffle plate; 36. a longitudinal limit groove; 37. a side placement trough; 38. a middle loosening groove; 39. a rectangular portion; 40. a semi-circular portion.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-8, an embodiment of the present invention: a lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer caking loosening device comprises a supporting unit 1, wherein the supporting unit 1 comprises a connecting top plate 6 and supporting side plates 4, the supporting side plates 4 are positioned at two sides of the lower end of the connecting top plate 6, an intermediate connecting plate 7 is arranged at the upper end inside the supporting unit 1, the intermediate connecting plate 7 can vibrate up and down in a reciprocating manner under the action of a buffer spring 8, a buffer spring 8 is arranged between the connecting top plate 6 and the intermediate connecting plate 7, two ends of the buffer spring 8 are respectively fixed with the connecting top plate 6 and the intermediate connecting plate 7, a side supporting block 9 is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper end inside the supporting side plate 4 along the lower end of the intermediate connecting plate 7, a first driving motor 10 is arranged at the upper end of the side supporting block 9, an impact piece 11 is arranged at the output shaft end of the first driving motor 10, the impact piece 11 comprises an impact head, the impact head is contacted with the intermediate connecting plate 7, the impact head of the impact piece 11 intermittently impacts the intermediate connecting plate 7, vertical mounting panel 13 is installed to the both sides of 7 lower extremes of intermediate junction plate, loose roller 16 is installed to the lower extreme between two vertical mounting panels 13, the axis of rotation and the vertical mounting panel 13 of loose roller 16 pass through the bearing and are connected, loose roller 16 includes side seal board 24 and middle cylinder 25, side seal board 24 is located the both sides of middle cylinder 25, side seal board 24 and middle cylinder 25 fixed connection, the outside fixedly connected with fixed block 26 of middle cylinder 25, the surface of fixed block 26 sets up to the arc, fixed block 26 is provided with a plurality of, form square groove 27 between a plurality of fixed block 26, crisscross setting about square groove 27 and fixed block 26 from top to bottom, the caking resistance to lodging multielement compound thoughtlessly fertile in loose groove 38 in the middle of rolling of the alternating fixed block 26 in the loose roller 16 outside.

Further, a driving hydraulic cylinder 17 is installed on the inner side of the lower end of the side supporting block 9, a lower sliding supporting plate 18 is fixedly connected to an output rod end of the driving hydraulic cylinder 17, the supporting unit 1 further comprises a supporting rear plate 5, the supporting rear plate 5 is located in the middle of the rear end of the lower end of the connecting top plate 6, a vertical sliding groove 20 is formed in the supporting rear plate 5, a vertical sliding block 28 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the vertical sliding groove 20, of the rear end of the lower sliding supporting plate 18, and the vertical sliding block 28 and the lower sliding supporting plate 18 are fixedly connected with the vertical sliding block 28 and slide in the vertical sliding groove 20.

Further, an outer protective box 19 is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the lower sliding support plate 18, the outer protective box 19 comprises a protective box main body 31, connecting baffle plates 35 are arranged on two sides of the interior of the protective box main body 31, the connecting baffle plates 35 are fixedly connected with the protective box main body 31, side placing grooves 37 are arranged on two sides of the interior of the protective box main body 31 along the outer sides of the connecting baffle plates 35, middle loosening grooves 38 are arranged between the two connecting baffle plates 35 on two sides of the interior of the protective box main body 31, an output rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder 17 contracts to the shortest length, the loosening roller 16 completely enters the middle loosening grooves 38 of the outer protective box 19, the vertical mounting plate 13 and the driven gear 15 partially enter the side placing grooves 37, longitudinal limiting grooves 36 are arranged on the connecting baffle plates 35, the width of the longitudinal limiting grooves 36 is larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft, the lower ends of the longitudinal limiting grooves 36 are semicircular, and balls are arranged on the inner side faces of the longitudinal limiting grooves 36.

Further, middle loose groove 38 includes rectangle portion 39 and semi-circular portion 40, rectangle portion 39 is located the upper end of semi-circular portion 40, the width of rectangle portion 39 and the diameter of semi-circular portion 40 all are greater than loose roller 16's diameter, reserve the place space of compound fertilizer, because the rotation of loose roller 16 goes on with the work that gets into the inside of outer guard box 19 simultaneously, consequently roll compound fertilizer, and bring it to the inside front and back position along loose roller 16 of semi-circular portion 40 or the inside of rectangle portion 39, thoroughly roll again after loose roller 16 and the position of outer guard box 19 are in place.

Further, driven gear 15 is installed on one side of loosening roller 16, drive gear 14 is installed at the upper end of driven gear 15, drive gear 14 meshes with driven gear 15, the lower extreme of vertical mounting panel 13, drive gear 14 and driven gear 15 extends to the inside of side storage slot 37, second driving motor 12 is installed along one side of drive gear 14 in the outside of vertical mounting panel 13, the output shaft of second driving motor 12 drives drive gear 14 and rotates, driven gear 15 and drive gear 14 synchronous counter-rotation, loosening roller 16 rotates.

Further, longitudinal sliding grooves 29 are formed in two sides of the upper end face of the lower sliding support plate 18, a fixing plate 32 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the front end of the outer protection box 19, longitudinal sliding strips 34 are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the outer protection box 19 and the fixing plate 32 and correspond to the longitudinal sliding grooves 29, the longitudinal sliding strips 34 slide in the longitudinal sliding grooves 29, the longitudinal sliding strips 34 of the outer protection box 19 slide in or slide out along the longitudinal sliding grooves 29 of the lower sliding support plate 18, second fixing holes 33 are formed in the fixing plate 32, first fixing holes 30 are formed in the lower sliding support plate 18 and correspond to the second fixing holes 33, and the lower sliding support plate 18 and the outer protection box 19 are fixed through the first fixing holes 30 and the second fixing holes 33 through bolts.

Further, a side limiting groove hole 21 is formed in the supporting side plate 4, a limiting sliding portion 22 is arranged in the middle of two sides of the middle connecting plate 7, a limiting plate 23 is arranged on the outer side of the limiting sliding portion 22, the middle connecting plate 7, the limiting sliding portion 22 and the limiting plate 23 are fixedly connected in an adjacent mode, the width of the limiting sliding portion 22 is equal to the width of the side limiting groove hole 21, and the width of the limiting plate 23 is larger than the width of the side limiting groove hole 21.

Further, the supporting unit 1 further comprises a supporting bottom plate 2 and a supporting base plate 3, the supporting bottom plate 2 is located at the lower end of the supporting side plate 4, the supporting base plate 3 is located at the lower end of the supporting bottom plate 2, and the supporting bottom plate 2, the supporting base plate 3, the supporting side plate 4, the supporting rear plate 5 and the connecting top plate 6 are welded and fixed adjacently.

A method of use comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: pouring the caking lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer into a middle loosening groove 38 of the outer protection box 19, sliding a longitudinal sliding strip 34 of the outer protection box 19 into the middle loosening groove along a longitudinal sliding groove 29 of the lower sliding support plate 18, and fixing the lower sliding support plate 18 and the outer protection box 19 by passing a bolt through a first fixing hole 30 and a second fixing hole 33;

step two: the output rod of the hydraulic cylinder 17 is driven to contract, the vertical sliding block 28 of the lower sliding support plate 18 slides upwards along the vertical sliding groove 20 of the support rear plate 5, the output rod of the hydraulic cylinder 17 is driven to contract to the shortest, the loosening roller 16 completely enters the middle loosening groove 38 of the outer protective box 19, and the vertical mounting plate 13 and the driven gear 15 partially enter the side placing groove 37;

step three: an output shaft of the second driving motor 12 drives the driving gear 14 to rotate, the driven gear 15 and the driving gear 14 synchronously rotate in the opposite direction, the loosening roller 16 rotates, and the fixed blocks 26 on the outer side of the loosening roller 16 alternately roll the caking and lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer in the middle loosening groove 38;

step four: the second driving motor 12 works, meanwhile, the first driving motor 10 drives the impact piece 11 to rotate, the impact head of the impact piece 11 intermittently impacts the middle connecting plate 7, the middle connecting plate 7 vibrates up and down in a reciprocating mode under the action of the buffer spring 8, the loosening roller 16 synchronously moves up and down in a reciprocating mode, the caking and lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer in the middle loosening groove 38 is impacted to loosen the compound fertilizer, and the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer adhered to the loosening roller 16 is vibrated into the middle loosening groove 38;

step five: the second driving motor 12 and the first driving motor 10 jointly complete loosening of the caking lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer, an output rod of the hydraulic cylinder 17 is driven to extend, a vertical sliding block 28 of the lower sliding support plate 18 slides downwards along a vertical sliding groove 20 of the support rear plate 5 to the lowest end, bolt fixing of the lower sliding support plate 18 and the outer protection box 19 is released, the outer protection box 19 is pulled out, and the loosened lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer inside the outer protection box 19 is detached.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a loose device of anti-lodging multielement compound thoughtlessly fertile caking, includes supporting element (1), its characterized in that: the supporting unit (1) comprises a connecting top plate (6) and supporting side plates (4), the supporting side plates (4) are positioned on two sides of the lower end of the connecting top plate (6), an intermediate connecting plate (7) is arranged at the upper end inside the supporting unit (1), a buffer spring (8) is arranged between the connecting top plate (6) and the intermediate connecting plate (7), two ends of the buffer spring (8) are respectively fixed with the connecting top plate (6) and the intermediate connecting plate (7), a side supporting block (9) is fixedly connected with the middle of the upper end inside the supporting side plates (4) along the lower end of the intermediate connecting plate (7), a first driving motor (10) is installed at the upper end of the side supporting block (9), an impact piece (11) is installed at the output shaft end of the first driving motor (10), the impact piece (11) comprises an impact head, and the impact head is contacted with the intermediate connecting plate (7), vertical mounting plates (13) are mounted on two sides of the lower end of the middle connecting plate (7), a loosening roller (16) is mounted at the lower end between the two vertical mounting plates (13), a rotating shaft of the loosening roller (16) is connected with the vertical mounting plates (13) through a bearing, the loosening roller (16) comprises side sealing plates (24) and a middle cylinder (25), the side sealing plates (24) are located on two sides of the middle cylinder (25), the side sealing plates (24) are fixedly connected with the middle cylinder (25), a fixing block (26) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the middle cylinder (25), the outer surface of the fixing block (26) is arc-shaped, a plurality of fixing blocks (26) are arranged, a square groove (27) is formed between the fixing blocks (26), and the square groove (27) and the fixing block (26) are arranged in a vertically and horizontally staggered manner; the supporting unit (1) further comprises a supporting rear plate (5), the supporting rear plate (5) is located in the middle of the rear end of the lower end of the connecting top plate (6), a vertical sliding groove (20) is formed in the supporting rear plate (5), a vertical sliding block (28) is arranged at a position, corresponding to the vertical sliding groove (20), of the rear end of the lower sliding supporting plate (18), and the vertical sliding block (28) is fixedly connected with the lower sliding supporting plate (18) and slides in the vertical sliding groove (20); an outer protective box (19) is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the lower sliding support plate (18), the outer protective box (19) comprises a protective box main body (31), connecting baffle plates (35) are arranged on two sides of the interior of the protective box main body (31), the connecting baffle plates (35) are fixedly connected with the protective box main body (31), side placing grooves (37) are formed in two sides of the interior of the protective box main body (31) along the outer sides of the connecting baffle plates (35), a middle loosening groove (38) is formed in two sides of the interior of the protective box main body (31) along the space between the two connecting baffle plates (35), a longitudinal limiting groove (36) is formed in the connecting baffle plates (35), the width of the longitudinal limiting groove (36) is larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft, the lower end of the longitudinal limiting groove (36) is semicircular, and balls are arranged on the inner side face of the longitudinal limiting groove (36); the middle loosening groove (38) comprises a rectangular part (39) and a semicircular part (40), the rectangular part (39) is positioned at the upper end of the semicircular part (40), and the width of the rectangular part (39) and the diameter of the semicircular part (40) are both larger than the diameter of the loosening roller (16); a driven gear (15) is installed on one side of the loosening roller (16), a driving gear (14) is installed at the upper end of the driven gear (15), the driving gear (14) is meshed with the driven gear (15), the lower ends of the vertical mounting plate (13), the driving gear (14) and the driven gear (15) extend to the inside of the side placing groove (37), and a second driving motor (12) is installed on the outer side of the vertical mounting plate (13) along one side of the driving gear (14); the both sides of lower sliding support board (18) up end are provided with longitudinal sliding groove (29), the lower extreme fixedly connected with fixed plate (32) of outer protective housing (19) front end, outer protective housing (19) and fixed plate (32) lower extreme correspond position fixedly connected with longitudinal sliding strip (34) with longitudinal sliding groove (29), and longitudinal sliding strip (34) slide in longitudinal sliding groove (29), be provided with second fixed orifices (33) on fixed plate (32), it is provided with first fixed orifices (30) to correspond the position with second fixed orifices (33) on supporting board (18) to slide down, it is fixed that first fixed orifices (30) and second fixed orifices (33) are passed through the bolt to lower sliding support board (18) and outer protective housing (19).

2. The device for caking and loosening of the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: support and be provided with side spacing slotted hole (21) on curb plate (4), the centre of intermediate junction board (7) both sides is provided with spacing sliding part (22), the outside of spacing sliding part (22) is provided with limiting plate (23), and intermediate junction board (7), spacing sliding part (22) and limiting plate (23) are fixed connection between adjacent, and the width of spacing sliding part (22) equals the width of side spacing slotted hole (21), and the width of limiting plate (23) is greater than the width of side spacing slotted hole (21).

3. The device for caking and loosening of the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the supporting unit (1) further comprises a supporting bottom plate (2) and a supporting base plate (3), the supporting bottom plate (2) is located at the lower end of the supporting side plate (4), the supporting base plate (3) is located at the lower end of the supporting bottom plate (2), and the supporting bottom plate (2), the supporting base plate (3), the supporting side plate (4), the supporting rear plate (5) and the connecting top plate (6) are welded and fixed between the adjacent parts.

4. The use method of the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer agglomeration loosening device is realized based on the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer agglomeration loosening device of any one of claims 1 to 3, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: pouring the caking lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer into a middle loosening groove (38) of an outer protective box (19), sliding a longitudinal sliding bar (34) of the outer protective box (19) along a longitudinal sliding groove (29) of a lower sliding support plate (18), and fixing the lower sliding support plate (18) and the outer protective box (19) through a first fixing hole (30) and a second fixing hole (33) by bolts;

step two: the output rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder (17) contracts, the vertical sliding block (28) of the lower sliding support plate (18) slides upwards along the vertical sliding groove (20) of the support rear plate (5), the output rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder (17) contracts to the shortest length, the loosening roller (16) completely enters the middle loosening groove (38) of the outer protective box (19), and the vertical mounting plate (13) and the driven gear (15) partially enter the side placing groove (37);

step three: an output shaft of the second driving motor (12) drives the driving gear (14) to rotate, the driven gear (15) and the driving gear (14) synchronously and reversely rotate, the loosening roller (16) rotates, and the fixed blocks (26) which are alternately arranged on the outer side of the loosening roller (16) roll the caking and lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer in the middle loosening groove (38);

step four: the second driving motor (12) works, meanwhile, the first driving motor (10) drives the impact piece (11) to rotate, the impact head of the impact piece (11) intermittently impacts the middle connecting plate (7), the middle connecting plate (7) vibrates up and down in a reciprocating mode under the action of the buffer spring (8), the loosening roller (16) synchronously moves up and down in a reciprocating mode, the caking and lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer in the middle loosening groove (38) is impacted, so that the compound fertilizer is loosened, and the lodging-resistant multi-element compound fertilizer adhered to the loosening roller (16) is vibrated into the middle loosening groove (38);

step five: second driving motor (12) and first driving motor (10) combined action down with the loose completion of caking anti-lodging multielement compound fertile, the output pole extension of drive pneumatic cylinder (17), vertical sliding block (28) of lower sliding support board (18) slide to the bottommost along vertical sliding tray (20) of supporting backplate (5), the bolt fastening of releasing lower sliding support board (18) and outer guard box (19), drag out outer guard box (19), unload the inside loose anti-lodging multielement compound fertile after outer guard box (19).