JPH09122512A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively crush a material to be crushed to a granular material of small size without making a crusher a large-sized one. SOLUTION: This crusher is provided with a hopper 1 for feeding a material to be crushed, a crushing roller 4 freely rotatably supported below the hopper 1, a fixed plate 5 having a circular-arcuate crushing surface 20 extending downward along an outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4, and a drive part consisting of an engine and the like to drive and rotate the crushing roller 4. Between the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4 and the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5, a tapered clearance 14 is formed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a crusher for crushing waste materials of a building composed of roof tiles or concrete blocks.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a crusher for crushing waste materials of buildings into small-sized granular materials for easy processing, or as crushers for construction, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of rotating rollers 31 and 32 facing each other at a predetermined interval are provided.
While rotatively driving in the direction of the arrow, by throwing the crushable object 15 above both rotary rollers 31, 32 from the hopper for charging the crushable object, the crushable object 15 is reduced in diameter by both rotary rollers 31, 32. It is known to be configured so as to be crushed into granules.

[0003]

In the crusher having the above-described structure, the introduction portion A'of the crushed object 15 placed between the two rotating rollers 31 and 32 and the facing surfaces of the two rotating rollers 31 and 32 are opposed to each other. The object 15 to be crushed is crushed in the crushing gap 33 formed between the discharge portion B ′ having the smallest distance. Therefore, in order to surely crush the crushed object 15 in the crushing gap 33, the diameters of the two rotating rollers 31, 32 are increased so that the crushing object 15 between the introducing section A ′ and the discharging section B ′ is increased. It was necessary to secure a sufficient length C ', and there was a problem that the crusher was inevitably increased in size.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a crusher capable of effectively crushing a crushed object into small-diameter granular materials without increasing the size of the crusher.

[0005]

The invention according to claim 1 is
A hopper for loading the crushed material, a crushing roller rotatably supported below the hopper, a fixed plate having an arc-shaped crushing surface extending downward along the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller, and the crushing roller. And a drive unit for rotationally driving the crushing roller, and a crushing gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller and the crushing surface of the fixed plate in a tapered manner in the rotation direction of the crushing roller. .

According to the above construction, the object to be crushed introduced from the hopper is introduced into the crushing gap formed between the crushing roller and the fixed plate according to the rotating force of the crushing roller, and the crushing object is crushed. While the material to be crushed is transferred to the tip side in the gap,
It will be crushed into small particles.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the crusher according to the first aspect, the fixing plate is detachably attached to the machine frame of the crusher, and the fixing plate is moved to move the crushing surface and the crushing roller. The adjusting means is provided for adjusting the distance from the outer peripheral surface of the.

According to the above construction, the crushed surface of the fixed plate is released by releasing the fixed state of the fixed plate to the machine frame of the crusher and moving the fixed plate up and down by the adjusting means.
The width dimension of the crushing gap formed between the crushing roller and the outer peripheral surface is easily and accurately adjusted.

According to a third aspect of the invention, in the crusher according to the first or second aspect, the radius of curvature of the crushing surface of the fixed plate is set to a value larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller. In addition, the center of curvature of the crushing surface of the fixed plate is arranged above the center of rotation of the crushing roller.

According to the above construction, the crushing surface of the fixing plate is arranged from the side end portion to the lower end portion of the crushing roller, and the crushed object is crushed between this crushing surface and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller. Thus, a crushing gap having a tapered tip is formed.

[0011]

1 to 3 show an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention. This crusher has a hopper 1 into which an object to be crushed such as a roof tile or a concrete block is put.
It has a machine body frame 3 having a pair of front and rear standing walls 2, a crushing roller 4 arranged below the hopper 1, and a fixing plate 5.

The hopper 1 has a bolt 6 at one end thereof.
Is detachably locked to the upper end of the machine body frame 3 and is swingably supported by the hinge 7 at the other end. The hopper 1 is displaced from the standing position shown by the solid line in FIG. 1 to the open position shown by the phantom line by releasing the locked state by the bolt 6 and swinging the hopper 1 about the hinge 7. Is configured to.

Further, the crushing roller 4 has a rotary shaft 9 rotatably supported by a pair of front and rear bearing members 8, and a driven pulley 10 is attached to one end of the rotary shaft 9. Then, the V-belt 11 wound around the driven pulley 10 is driven by the driven pulley 13 attached to the output shaft of the engine 12, so that the crushing roller 4 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow S in FIG. As will be described later, in the direction in which the material to be crushed 15 placed in the gap 14 formed between the crushing roller 4 and the fixed plate 5 is conveyed to the opening side formed at the tip of this gap 14, It is designed to be rotated.

The output shaft of the motor 12 is provided with a clutch 16 for stopping transmission of power to the V-belt 11 when an overload is applied. Also,
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, on the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4, protrusions 18 having an arcuate cross section extending in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 9 are formed at a constant height at regular intervals.

The fixing plate 5 has a vertical surface 19 extending downward from one end of the hopper 1, and an arc-shaped crushing member extending downward from the lower end of the vertical surface 19 along the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller 4. And a surface 20 and is attached to the upright wall 2 of the machine body frame 3 by mounting bolts. Further, the fixed plate 5 is mounted so as to be able to move up and down within the range of the long hole provided in the upright wall 2, and is pushed up by a push bolt 21 provided below the tip of the fixed plate 5 as necessary. Is configured.

The radius of curvature of the arcuate surface forming the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5 is set to be larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4, and the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5 is formed. By disposing the center of curvature O1 above the center O2 of rotation of the crushing roller 4, a crushing gap 14 that is tapered is formed between the crushing roller 4 and the fixed plate 5.

In the above-mentioned structure, the crushed material 15 fed from the hopper 1 is crushed by the crushing gap 1 formed between the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4 and the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5.
The crushing roller 4 is introduced into the crushing roller 4 and transported to the tip end side in the crushing gap 14 by the rotational force of the crushing roller 4 to be crushed into small-diameter granular material. That is, the crushing gap 1
4 is formed to be tapered, the crushing gap 1
As the material to be crushed 15 introduced into the crushing member 4 is transferred to the tip side thereof, it is crushed by receiving a large pressing force between the crushing roller 4 and the fixing plate 5, and then the fixing plate 5 is crushed. Is discharged as a granular material having a diameter corresponding to the gap T2 of the opening formed between the tip of the crushing roller and the lower end of the crushing roller 4.

As described above, the crushing roller 4 is rotatably supported below the hopper 1 for charging the crushed object, and the arc-shaped crushing surface 20 extends downward along the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4. A fixed plate 5 and a drive unit including a motor 12 for driving the crushing roller 4 are provided, and the crushing roller 4 rotates between the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4 and the crushing surface 20 of the fixing plate 5. Since the crushing gaps 14 are formed in a tapered shape in the direction, the crusher formed in a compact shape effectively crushes the crushed object 15 made of roof tiles or concrete blocks to form small-diameter particles. It is possible to form a building aggregate or the like.

That is, in the crusher according to the present invention, one crushing roller 4 is provided because the crushing gap 14 is formed by the crushing roller 4 and the fixing plate 5 installed so as to face the crushing roller 4 as described above. Since it is not necessary to install the pair of both rotating rollers 31 and 32 for forming the crushing gap 33 so as to face each other as in the conventional device shown in FIG. 7, the width dimension is significantly reduced. be able to.

Moreover, since the crushing surface 20 of the fixing plate 5 is arranged along the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4, the outer diameter of the crushing roller 4 can be increased while ensuring a sufficient length of the crushing gap 14. The size of the shredder can be made significantly smaller than that of the conventional device, and the width dimension of the shredder can be effectively reduced, and the vertical size can be reduced to make the shredder compact.

For example, in the crusher according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as shown in FIG. 5, the outer diameter of the crushing roller 4 is set to 125 mm and the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5 is set.
By setting the diameter of the arcuate surface constituting 210 to 210 mm and arranging the curvature center O2 of the crushing surface 20 upward by 45 mm, the side end of the crushing roller 4 and the upper end of the crushing surface 20 can be formed. 5 m between the lower end of the crushing roller 4 and the tip of the crushing surface 20 while forming the introduction part A of the crushable object 15 having a gap T1 of 40 mm.
When the discharge part B having the interval T2 of m is formed, the length between the introduction part A and the discharge part B, that is, the total length C of the crushing gap 14 can be set to about 127 mm.

On the other hand, in the conventional crusher constructed as shown in FIG. 7, the outer diameters of both rotating rollers 31, 32 are set to 610 mm, respectively, and the opposing portions of both rotating rollers 31, 32 are opposed to each other. When the gap T2 'is set to 6 mm, the discharge portion B'of the crushed material 15 formed at the facing portions of the both rotating rollers 31 and 32 and the gap T1' of 40 mm arranged above the discharge portion B ' The length between the crushed object 15 and the introduction portion A ′, that is, the total length C of the crushing gap 33
'Is about 102 mm.

As described above, in the conventional crusher, although the outer diameter of the rotating roller 31 is set to 4.8 times or more the outer diameter of the crushing roller 4 according to the above embodiment, the object to be crushed 1
5, the total length C 'of the crushing gap 33 formed between the introduction part A' and the discharge part B 'is smaller than the total length C of the crushing gap 14 according to the embodiment of the present invention. From this data, in the crusher according to the present invention, the width dimension and the vertical dimension can be significantly reduced as compared with the conventional crusher, and the entire length C of the crushing gap 14 is sufficiently ensured, and the crushed material 15 It can be seen that can be reliably crushed.

Further, in the conventional crusher shown in FIG. 7, when the dimensions of the rotating rollers 31, 32, etc. are set to the above values, the introduction angle of the crushed material 15 at the introduction portion A'of the crushing gap 33 is increased. θ'becomes a considerably large value (20.6 °), and the reaction force generated when the crushable object 15 is introduced into the gap 33 pushes the crushable object 15 upward to make the crushable state impossible. On the other hand, in the embodiment configured as shown in FIG. 5, in the crusher of the present invention in which each dimension is set to the above value, the introduction angle θ of the crushed object 15 in the introduction part A is Relatively small value (14.6
Since it can be set to (°), it is possible to reliably prevent the crushed object 15 from rising.

Further, in the above embodiment, since the protrusion 18 having a predetermined height is formed on the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4, the protrusion 18 is brought into contact with the object to be crushed 15 to cause stress concentration. The crushable object 15 can be effectively crushed, and the crushable object 15 can be crushed at the introduction portion A.
Is pushed downward by the protrusions 18, so that the floating of the crushed object 15 can be prevented more effectively.

Further, in the above embodiment, the fixed plate 5 is mounted so as to be able to move up and down within the range of the long hole formed in the upright wall 2, and is composed of the push bolt 21 for pushing the tip of the fixed plate 5. Since the adjusting means is provided, the push bolt 21 is rotated to adjust the pushing amount of the tip portion of the fixed plate 5 in a state where the fixed plate 5 is unlocked from the upright wall 2. , The crushing surface 20 of the fixing plate 5,
The distance between the crushing roller 4 and the outer peripheral surface 17 can be adjusted easily and accurately.

Further, in the above embodiment, since the output shaft of the engine 12 is provided with the clutch 16 for stopping the transmission of the power to the V-belt 11, the crushed material 15 is provided between the crushing roller 4 and the fixed plate 5. When the crushing roller 4 becomes unrotatable and the crushing roller 4 cannot rotate, the power transmission portion of the clutch 16 becomes disengaged to prevent an excessive load from acting on the engine 12. It is possible to reliably prevent damage to the motor 12.

As described above, the one end of the hopper 1 is detachably locked to the upper end of the machine body frame 3 by the bolt 6 and the other end of the hopper 1 is swingably supported by the hinge 7. In such a case, the locked state by the bolt 6 is released and the hopper 1 is rocked with the hinge 7 as a fulcrum to displace the hopper 1 to the open position shown by the phantom line in FIG. There is an advantage that it is possible to easily perform the work of removing the crushed object 15 clogged between the crushing roller 4 and the fixed plate 5.

Further, in the above embodiment, the radius of curvature of the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5 is set to a value larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4, and the curvature of the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5 is set. The center O1 is the rotation center O of the crushing roller 4.
Since the crushing roller 4 is disposed above 2, the crushing gap 14 for crushing the crushed object 15 is formed from the side end to the lower end of the crushing roller 4, and the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4 is effectively used. Thus, the crushing gap 14 can be formed.

Instead of the above construction, the radius of curvature of the crushing surface 20 of the fixed plate 5 and the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4 are set equal, or the crushing surface 2 of the fixed plate 5 is set.
The radius of curvature of 0 may be set to a value smaller than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4.

Further, in the above embodiment, an example in which the protrusions 18 having a uniform height are formed on the outer peripheral surface 17 of the crushing roller 4 has been described, but as shown in FIG. 6, the protrusions 18a to 18d.
May be gradually increased in the rotation direction of the crushing roller 4. In the case of such a configuration, the protrusions 18a to 18d are formed in accordance with the rotation of the crushing roller 4.
And the distance between the fixing plate 5 and the crushing surface 20 gradually changes, and the same effect as when the rotation shaft 9 of the crushing roller 4 is eccentric can be obtained. The crushing efficiency can be effectively improved while preventing the rising.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the driving force of the driving unit composed of the motor 12 is transmitted to the crushing roller 4 by the V-belt 11 or the like to rotate the crushing roller 4 has been described. , An electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or the like may be used in place of the engine 12,
In addition, the crushing roller 4 is driven by a drive unit including an electric motor.
May be directly driven.

[0033]

As described above, in the invention according to claim 1, the hopper for loading the crushed material, the crushing roller rotatably supported below the hopper, and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller. A fixing plate having an arc-shaped crushing surface extending downward along the crushing roller is provided with a drive unit for driving the crushing roller to rotate, and between the crushing surface of the crushing roller and the crushing surface of the fixing plate. Since a crushing gap with a tapered tip formed in the rotation direction is provided, the crusher can be downsized, and an object to be crushed, such as a roof tile or a concrete block, is effective in the crushing gap. It can be crushed as desired to form an aggregate or the like for construction, which is composed of small-diameter particles.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the fixing plate is detachably attached to the machine frame of the crusher, and
Since the adjusting means is provided for moving the fixing plate to adjust the distance between the crushing surface and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller, the fixing state of the fixing plate with respect to the machine body frame is released, and the fixing plate is adjusted by the adjusting means. By moving and adjusting the distance between the crushing surface of the fixed plate and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller,
It is said that the width dimension of the crushing gap can be easily and accurately adjusted according to the size of the crushed object and that the adjustment work for changing the diameter of the crushed granular material can be easily performed. There are advantages.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3, the radius of curvature of the crushing surface of the fixing plate is set to a value larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller, and the center of curvature of the crushing surface of the fixing plate is set to Since it is arranged above the center of rotation of the crushing roller, a crushing gap for crushing the object to be crushed is formed from the side end to the lower end of the crushing roller, and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller is effectively used. The crushing gap can be formed. Therefore, there is an advantage that the crusher can be effectively downsized while sufficiently maintaining the crushing function of the crushed object.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the overall structure of a crusher.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing the overall structure of the crusher.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a shape of a crushing roller.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a crushing section.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a conventional example of a crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Hopper 3 Airframe Frame 4 Crushing Roller 5 Fixing Plate 9 Rotating Shaft 12 Engine (Drive Unit) 14 Gap 15 Crushed Object 17 Crushing Roller Outer Surface 20 Crushing Surface of Fixing Plate 21 Push Bolt (Adjusting Means)

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshimasa Yamaguchi 2-26 Niho, Minami-ku, Hiroshima Mazda Astec Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A fixing plate having a hopper for loading an object to be crushed, a crushing roller rotatably supported below the hopper, and an arc-shaped crushing surface extending downward along an outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller. And a drive unit for rotationally driving the crushing roller, and between the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller and the crushing surface of the fixed plate, a crushing gap formed in a tapered manner in the rotation direction of the crushing roller. Crusher characterized by being provided. 2. A fixing plate is removably attached to a machine frame of a crusher, and an adjusting means for moving the fixing plate to adjust a distance between the crushing surface and an outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller is provided. The crusher according to claim 1, which is characterized in that. 3. The radius of curvature of the crushing surface of the fixed plate is set to a value larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the crushing roller, and the center of curvature of the crushing surface of the fixing plate is set above the rotation center of the crushing roller. The crusher according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crusher is disposed in the.