CN112739568B - Inverter control device, vehicle inverter, vehicle, and method of operating inverter - Google Patents

Inverter control device, vehicle inverter, vehicle, and method of operating inverter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112739568B
CN112739568B CN201980061715.9A CN201980061715A CN112739568B CN 112739568 B CN112739568 B CN 112739568B CN 201980061715 A CN201980061715 A CN 201980061715A CN 112739568 B CN112739568 B CN 112739568B
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China
Prior art keywords
power switching
inverter
short circuit
active short
control device
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CN201980061715.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112739568A (en
Inventor
卡斯滕·韦德曼
蒂穆尔·维尔纳
马库斯·雷曼
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Valeo eAutomotive Germany GmbH
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Valeo Siemens eAutomotive Germany GmbH
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/003—Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/0004—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
    • H02P23/0027—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using different modes of control depending on a parameter, e.g. the speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/44—Current source inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a control device (2) for an inverter (1) comprising three half-bridges (9 u,9v,9 w), each half-bridge having a first power switching element (11 u,11v,11 w) connected to a first DC voltage potential (10) and a second power switching element (13 u,13v,13 w) connected to a second DC voltage potential (12), wherein the control device (2) is arranged to drive the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) in a normal operation mode for converting a DC voltage present between the DC voltage potentials (10, 12) into a multiphase AC current and to convert the inverter (1) from a normal operation mode into a safe operation mode, wherein the control device (2) is further arranged to alternately drive the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) in a safe operation mode for switching a single phase active short circuit and for switching a two phase active short circuit.

Description

Inverter control device, vehicle inverter, vehicle, and method of operating inverter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control device for an inverter comprising three half-bridges, each half-bridge having a first power switching element connected to a first DC voltage potential and a second power switching element connected to a second DC voltage potential, the control device being arranged to drive the power switching elements in a normal operation mode to convert a DC voltage present between the DC voltage potentials into a multiphase AC current and to convert the inverter from the normal operation mode into a safe operation mode.
Furthermore, the invention relates to an inverter for a vehicle, a vehicle and a method for operating an inverter.
Background
The inverter is used to convert a DC voltage present at the DC voltage input into a multi-phase AC current. In particular, when an inverter is used to power a motor in a drive train of an electric vehicle, the inverter needs to be switched from this normal operation mode to a safe operation mode. This may be necessary after a failure of the drive train or in order to protect the drive train.
It has been proposed to implement a safe operating mode by means of freewheels (safety pulse off-SPO) or by means of a fully Active Short Circuit (ASC). Depending on the method used, an undesirably high DC link voltage and/or an undesirably high Xiang Dianliu and/or an undesirable braking torque caused by the energy stored in the inductor of the motor may occur when the inverter is switched from the normal operation mode to the safe operation mode. It is known to design the components of the inverter in an excessive manner in order to counteract the undesired DC link voltage or phase current, which is unnecessary for the normal operation mode and does not lead to an improvement of the operation performance. One example of such oversized is the use of high temperature magnets or the use of semiconductors with higher current carrying capacity than is required. Conventional inverters are correspondingly expensive and material intensive.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to specify an improved way of realizing a safe operating mode, whereby high phase currents and high DC link voltages are avoided in particular.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve this object, according to the invention, in a control device of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph, it is proposed that: the control means is further arranged to alternately drive the power switching elements for switching the single-phase active short circuit and for switching the two-phase active short circuit in the safe operating mode.
The invention is based on the following recognition: transient phase currents may also be generated when switching single-phase or two-phase shorts. However, their characteristics are significantly different. The invention exploits this difference and switches alternately between single-phase active short-circuiting and two-phase active short-circuiting, so that the generation of high-phase currents can be limited so that they are below the maximum allowable value of the operation of the inverter or the drive train comprising the inverter.
Advantageously, the phase current induced by the inductance of the motor decays rapidly during the control of the control device according to the invention without exceeding a maximum allowable value. In this way, an oversized inverter or a component of a drive train comprising the inverter can be avoided. Thus, a high level of safety is achieved without expensive components (e.g. high temperature magnets and/or in particular current-tolerant power switching elements). At the same time, the alternating switching is relatively easy to implement and largely independent of the last operating state in the normal operating mode. This gives further advantages such as reduced costs, development effort, installation space (especially for DC link capacitors), and elimination of the use of complex components and long service life and robustness of the drive train.
More conveniently, the power switching element comprises an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) or a power MOSFET. The first DC voltage potential and the second DC voltage potential are different. Here, the first DC potential is typically lower than the second DC potential. However, the first DC potential may also be higher than the second DC potential. Preferably, the control device is further arranged to switch the inverter from the normal operation mode to the safe operation mode when the control device receives a control signal indicating the switch, in particular from an external control device.
Preferably, the control device according to the invention is further arranged to control one first power switching element for conducting in each case when switching a single-phase active short circuit and to control two first power switching elements for conducting in each case when switching a two-phase active short circuit. As a result, both single-phase and two-phase short-circuiting is performed by the power switching element connected to the same DC potential. It may also be provided that the control means is arranged such that the first power switching element, which is controlled to be on when switching a single-phase active short, is not controlled to be on when switching a two-phase active short.
Typically, a power switching element that is not controlled to be on is controlled to be off.
Advantageously, the control device according to the invention may also be arranged to first trigger the power switching element to switch the single-phase active short circuit at the beginning of the safe operating mode. This enables the energy stored in the windings of the motor at the beginning of the safe operating mode to decay particularly rapidly.
In this context, it is particularly preferred that the control device is further configured to determine the phase current values of the multiphase alternating current and to select the power switching element for the first single-phase active short circuit which carries the largest phase current in terms of amplitude when switching to the safe operating mode. Thus, advantageously, the electrical energy of the phase having the greatest phase current in terms of amplitude when requesting the safety state is first converted.
According to a particular embodiment, the control device according to the invention is further arranged to switch in each case a single-phase active short circuit in a first period of time and to switch in each case a two-phase active short circuit in a second period of time which is different from the first period of time. Particularly preferably, the first time period or the second time period is at most 45%, particularly preferably at most 40%, of the sum of the first time period and the second time period. This allows the control device to be flexibly adapted to the design characteristics of the inverter and/or the motor.
Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the inverter has three further half-bridges, each further half-bridge having a first power switching element and a second power switching element, the control means being further arranged to drive the power switching elements of the further half-bridges in the safe operating mode for switching the single-phase active short circuit when the power switching elements of the first half-bridge are controlled to switch the two-phase active short circuit and for switching the two-phase active short circuit when the power switching elements of the first half-bridge are controlled to switch the single-phase active short circuit. Thus, in the case of six-phase or multiphase alternating current, the current flow can be distributed in a particularly balanced manner in the safety operating mode.
Furthermore, the invention relates to an inverter for a vehicle, the inverter comprising three half-bridges and a control device according to the invention, each half-bridge having a first power switching element connected to a first DC voltage potential and a second power switching element connected to a second DC voltage potential.
The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising an electric motor adapted to drive the vehicle, and an inverter according to the invention, which inverter is adapted to power the electric motor.
Finally, the invention also relates to a method for operating an inverter comprising three half-bridges, each half-bridge having a first power switching element connected to a first DC potential and a second power switching element connected to a second DC potential, the method comprising the steps of:
driving the power switching element in a normal operation mode to convert a DC voltage present between the DC potentials into a multiphase AC current;
Switching the inverter from the normal operation mode to the safe operation mode; and
In the safety operating mode, the single-phase active short circuit and the two-phase active short circuit are alternately switched by means of the power switching element.
Drawings
All embodiments relating to the control device of the invention can be similarly applied to the inverter of the invention, the vehicle of the invention and the method of the invention, so that the above-described advantages can also be achieved.
Further advantages and details of the invention will become apparent from the embodiments and drawings described below. The drawings are schematic representations and show:
fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of an inverter according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a time-varying pulse diagram of a power switching element driving the inverter shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a plot of phase current and torque during operation of the inverter shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a trace of phase current in dq coordinates during operation of the inverter shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph of phase current and torque during operation of a prior art inverter;
FIG. 6 is a trace of space vector current during operation of a prior art inverter; and
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of an inverter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a control device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Further, the inverter 1 includes a DC voltage input terminal 3, an AC voltage output terminal 4, a power unit 5, and a DC link capacitor 6 connected in parallel with the DC voltage input terminal 3. The inverter 1 converts a voltage U applied to the DC voltage input 3 and provided by the high voltage battery 7 into a multiphase AC current (in this case a three-phase AC current) provided at the AC current output 4. An electric motor 8 (here in the form of a permanently excited synchronous machine, for example) is connected to the AC output 4.
The power unit 5 comprises three half-bridges 9u, 9v, 9w, each of which is constituted by a first power switching element 11u, 11v, 11w and a second power switching element 13u, 13v, 13w connected in series. The first power switching elements 11u, 11v, 11w are connected to a first DC voltage potential 10 of the DC voltage input 3, and the second power switching elements 13u, 13v, 13w are connected to a second DC voltage potential 12 of the DC voltage input 3. Illustratively, in fig. 1, the first DC potential 10 is a potential providing a negative terminal for connection to the high voltage battery 7 and the second DC potential 12 is a potential providing a positive terminal for connection to the high voltage battery 7. However, the second DC voltage potential and the second power switching element may also provide potentials for connection to the negative terminal and the power switching element connected thereto, respectively, and the first DC voltage potential and the first power switching element may provide potentials for connection to the positive terminal and the power switching element connected thereto, respectively, without any further modification or limitation.
Each of the power switching element elements 11u, 11v, 11w, 13u, 13v, 13w includes an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) 14 and a flywheel diode 15 connected in parallel thereto. Or the respective power switching elements 11u, 11v, 11w, 13u, 13v, 13w may be implemented by power MOSFETs. The center attack 16 of the respective half bridge 11u, 11v, 11w is connected to the AC output 4, at which AC output 4 the phase currents I u、Iv、Iw of the multiphase AC current are supplied to the motor 8.
The control means 2 are arranged to control the power switching elements 11U, 11v, 11w, 13U, 13v, 13w in a normal operation mode for converting the DC voltage U applied to the DC voltage input 3 into a multiphase AC current applied to the AC current output 4. For driving, the control device 2 is connected to the control inputs 17 of the respective power switching element elements 11u, 11v, 11w, 13u, 13v, 13 w.
When the external control device 18 detects a fault condition, a transition of the inverter 1 from the normal operation mode to the safe operation mode is initiated. The control means are arranged to alternately trigger the power switching elements 11u, 11v, 11w, 13u, 13v, 13w for switching a single-phase active short circuit and for switching a two-phase active short circuit in the safety operation mode. The control device applies the switching strategy as soon as it receives a signal 19 from the external control device 18 indicating a transition to the safe operating mode.
A single-phase active short circuit is generally characterized in that the first power switching element 11u, 11v, 11w or the second power switching element 13u, 13v, 13w is driven to be on, while all other power switching elements 11u, 11v, 11w, 13u, 13v, 13w are driven to be off. In contrast, in a two-phase active short circuit, typically two first power switching elements 11u, 11v, 11w or two second power switching elements 13u, 13v, 13w are driven to be on, while all remaining power switching elements 11u, 11v, 11w, 13u, 13v, 13w are driven to be off.
Fig. 2 is a pulse chart of the power switching elements 11u, 11v, 11w, 13u, 13v, 13w of the driving inverter 1, which varies with time t. Here, the pulse waveform 20u is assigned to the first power switching element 11u, the pulse waveform 20v is assigned to the first power switching element 11v, and the pulse waveform 20w is assigned to the first power switching element 11w. Similarly, a pulse waveform 21u is associated with the second power switching element 13u, a pulse waveform 20v is associated with the second power switching element 21v, and a pulse waveform 21w is associated with the second power switching element 13 w.
At time t 0, the control device 2 receives the signal 19 and then terminates the normal operation mode shown at time t < t 0. The control unit 2 first determines which phase current I u、Iv、Iw is maximum in terms of amplitude at time t 0 based on the set point value specified for the normal operation mode. In the present case, this is the phase current I w (see figure) 3. The single-phase active short circuit is first switched between time t 0 and time t 1 by means of the half bridge 9w assigned to the phase current. For this purpose, the control device 2 controls the first power switching element 11w for switching on and controls the other power switching elements 11u, 11v, 13u, 13v, 13w for switching off.
Then, in the second period between the time t 1 and the time t 2, the control device 2 controls the other two first power switching elements 11u, 11v to be turned on and controls the remaining power switching elements 11w, 13u, 13v, 13b to be turned off. The pulse sequence continues periodically after time t 2.
Fig. 3 shows a plot of phase current I u、Iv、Iw and torque M of the motor 8 over time t, whereby the time axis in fig. 3 is compressed by a factor of 10 compared to the time axis in fig. 2. Fig. 2 thus shows a pulse diagram over a duration of about 1ms, while fig. 3 shows a curve over a duration of about 10 ms. The current values and torque values shown are produced by a purely exemplary configuration.
Obviously, the above-described switching strategy results in a rapid decay of the phase current I u、Iv、Iw, thereby avoiding detrimental current peaks. It can also be seen from the torque M curve that the torque M decreases rapidly from time t 0 onwards to a value of approximately 0 Nm and only a negligible braking torque occurs.
Fig. 4 is a trace of space vector current I d、Iq resulting from dq transformation of phase current I u、Iv、Iw. Obviously, space vector current I d、Iq is directed on a very direct path near the zero vector to achieve the safe state.
For comparison, fig. 5 shows a plot of phase current I u、Iv、Iw and torque M over time t, and fig. 6 shows the trajectory of space vector current I d、Iq in dq coordinates where a complete, i.e., triple, active short is switched instead of alternating between a single phase active short and a two phase active short as known in the art. Obviously, this results in considerable overshoot and undesirable torque variation of the phase current I u、Iv、Iw. The trace plot also shows that the space vector current I d、Iq approaches steady state where the q-component is close to zero in a damped oscillating manner only.
Although in the foregoing embodiment examples the time periods during which the single phase active short or the two phase active short is switched are substantially equal in length, in other embodiment examples the ratio of the time periods may be different from this, for example, selection 60: 40.
According to another embodiment, the inverter 1 shown in fig. 1 has a total of six half-bridges for providing six-phase alternating current to the motor 8, in which case the first three half-bridges 9u, 9v, 9w are controlled in the safety operating mode as described before and the other three half-bridges (not shown) are controlled differently in such a way that first a two-phase active short circuit is switched and then a single-phase active short circuit is switched. Thus, the switching strategy between the first half-bridge 9u, 9v, 9w and the other three half-bridges is in opposite directions.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle 22, which vehicle 22 comprises an inverter 1 according to any of the embodiments described above, a motor 8, a high-voltage battery 7 and a control unit 18, which control unit 18 as a higher-level control unit provides a signal 19 for activating a safe operation mode, similar to fig. 1.

Claims (10)

1. A control device (2) for an inverter (1) comprising three half-bridges (9 u,9v,9 w), each half-bridge having a first power switching element (11 u,11v,11 w) connected to a first DC voltage potential (10) and a second power switching element (13 u,13v,13 w) connected to a second DC voltage potential (12), wherein the control device (2) is arranged to drive the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) in a normal operation mode for converting a DC voltage present between the DC voltage potentials (10, 12) into a multiphase AC current and for converting the inverter (1) from a normal operation mode into a safe operation mode,
The method is characterized in that:
The control device (2) is further arranged to alternately drive the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) in a safe operating mode for switching a single phase active short circuit and for switching a two phase active short circuit.
2. The control device according to claim 1, further arranged to drive a respective first power switching element (11 u,11v,11 w) for conducting when switching a single phase active short circuit and to drive a respective two first power switching elements (11 u,11v,11 w) for conducting when switching a two phase active short circuit.
3. The control device according to claim 2, further adapted to not drive the first power switching element (11 u, 11v, 11 w) when switching the two-phase active short circuit, which is driven for conduction when switching the single-phase active short circuit for conduction.
4. The control device according to any of the preceding claims, further adapted to first drive the power switching element (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) to switch a single phase active short circuit at the beginning of a safe operation mode.
5. Control device according to claim 4, which is further arranged to determine the phase current value of the multiphase alternating current and to select the power switching element (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) for the first single-phase active short circuit, which half bridge (9 u,9v,9 w) carries the largest phase current in terms of amplitude when switching to the safe operating mode.
6. A control device according to any one of claims 1-3, further arranged to switch the single-phase active short circuit in each case within a first period of time and to switch the two-phase active short circuit in each case within a second period of time different from the first period of time.
7. A control device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the inverter (1) comprises three further half-bridges, each having a first power switching element and a second power switching element, wherein the control device (2) is further arranged to drive the power switching elements of the further half-bridges in a safe operating mode for driving a two-phase active short circuit when the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) of the half-bridges (9 u,9v,9 w) are driven for switching the two-phase active short circuit and for driving a two-phase active short circuit when the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) of the half-bridges (9 u,9v,9 w) are driven for switching the single-phase active short circuit.
8. Inverter (1) for a vehicle (22), comprising three half-bridges (9 u,9v,9 w) and a control device (2) according to any of the preceding claims, each half-bridge having a first power switching element (11 u,11v,11 w) connected to a first DC voltage potential (10) and a second power switching element (13 u,13v,13 w) connected to a second DC voltage potential (12).
9. A vehicle (22) comprising an electric machine (8) adapted to drive the vehicle (22), and an inverter (1) according to claim 8, the inverter being adapted to power the electric machine (8).
10. A method for operating an inverter (1) comprising three half-bridges (9 u,9v,9 w), each half-bridge having a first power switching element (11 u,11v,11 w) connected to a first DC potential (10) and a second power switching element (13 u,13v,13 w) connected to a second DC potential (12), the method comprising the steps of:
driving the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w) in a normal operation mode to convert a DC voltage present between the DC potentials (10, 12) into a multiphase AC current;
-switching the inverter (1) from a normal operation mode to a safe operation mode; and
In the safety operating mode, the single-phase active short circuit and the two-phase active short circuit are alternately switched by means of the power switching elements (11 u,11v,11w,13u,13v,13 w).
CN201980061715.9A 2018-09-20 2019-09-19 Inverter control device, vehicle inverter, vehicle, and method of operating inverter Active CN112739568B (en)

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