CN112737342A - Parameter optimization design method for bidirectional resonant CLLC converter - Google Patents

Parameter optimization design method for bidirectional resonant CLLC converter Download PDF

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CN112737342A
CN112737342A CN202011585866.5A CN202011585866A CN112737342A CN 112737342 A CN112737342 A CN 112737342A CN 202011585866 A CN202011585866 A CN 202011585866A CN 112737342 A CN112737342 A CN 112737342A
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converter
inductance
gain
resonant
determining
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孙欣楠
陈敏
李博栋
陈宁
张东博
汪小青
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of DC/DC converters, and aims to provide a parameter optimization design method for a bidirectional resonant CLLC converter. The method comprises the following steps: setting input voltage, rated output voltage, output voltage range and resonant frequency according to the working scene of a target converter; determining the turn ratio of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer; then calculating the maximum gain of the resonant cavity in sequence; setting a specific value of the quality factor Q; determining a maximum inductance ratio; and determining values of the primary side resonance inductor and the primary side resonance capacitor and the like, and gradually finishing the parameter design of the target bidirectional resonance type CLLC converter. On the premise of meeting design requirements, the CLLC converter designed according to the invention has the largest excitation inductance, thereby reducing resonance current and circuit loss and improving the operation efficiency of the converter. Repeated iteration of the traditional method can be avoided, and the design process is optimized. On the basis of adopting high-performance power devices, increasing efficiency optimization schemes such as synchronous rectification circuits and the like, the cost input of more hardware circuits is not needed, and the efficiency of the converter is further improved.

Description

Parameter optimization design method for bidirectional resonant CLLC converter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of DC/DC converters, relates to parameter design of a bidirectional resonant CLLC circuit, and particularly relates to an optimal design method of parameters of a bidirectional resonant CLLC converter.
Background
The energy storage system has the functions of improving the quality of electric energy, improving the stability of distributed energy and peak clipping and valley filling in the smart grid. The bidirectional transmission of energy between the power grid and the energy storage system is realized through a bidirectional AC/DC conversion device, and the two-stage structure control formed by the bidirectional AC/DC converter and the isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter is relatively simple and easy to expand, and is the mainstream of the current research. The isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter is a key link of a system and plays roles in voltage grade conversion, electrical isolation, power flow control and the like.
In an isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter, the bidirectional resonant CLLC converter has the advantages of completely symmetrical structure, natural soft switching and high power density, and has completely same working characteristics in forward and reverse operation, so that bidirectional buck-boost conversion can be realized. In the CLLC converter, the loss of the converter is influenced by the ratio k of the excitation inductance to the primary side resonance inductance, when other parameters are fixed, the resonant current can be reduced by increasing k, the loss of a power device and a magnetic element is reduced, and the efficiency of the converter is improved. However, when the inductance ratio k is large, a converter gain curve obtained by a fundamental wave analysis (FHA) has a non-monotonic interval in an operating frequency range, which brings difficulty to stable closed-loop control; in addition, the converter also has a capacitive operating region, in which the converter loses soft switching; and the increase of the inductance ratio can reduce the maximum gain of the converter and reduce the voltage output capability of the converter.
In the current research, the traditional CLLC converter design method determines converter parameters through iteration, and whether a gain curve meets design requirements or not is continuously judged in the iteration process until ideal design parameters are obtained. The method does not consider the influence of parameters on the efficiency of the converter, and the calculation amount is large. In order to optimize the operation efficiency of the converter, hardware methods such as using a high-performance switching device, adding a synchronous rectification circuit, and applying a magnetic integrated transformer are commonly used, but the implementation cost is increased.
Therefore, when the bidirectional resonant CLLC converter is designed, the prior art needs to be improved, and the k value is selected to the maximum extent on the premise of meeting the design requirement and avoiding the occurrence of poor characteristics, so that the converter obtains higher efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a parameter optimization design method for a bidirectional resonant CLLC converter.
In order to solve the technical problem, the solution of the invention is as follows:
the method for optimally designing the parameters of the bidirectional resonant CLLC converter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) setting input voltage V according to working scene of target converterinRated output voltage VoOutput voltage range Vomin～VomaxAnd resonant frequency fr；
(2) Determining the turn ratio of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer in the target converter to be
Figure BDA0002865685680000021
(3) Calculating the maximum gain of the resonant cavity required to be met by the target converter as
Figure BDA0002865685680000022
(4) Obtaining a direct current gain expression of the target converter according to a fundamental wave equivalent model of the target converter;
(5) setting a specific numerical value of the quality factor Q according to the actual situation of a working scene;
(6) determining the maximum inductance ratio k ensuring the monotonous reduction of the gain curve of the target converter in the working rangemax1；
(7) Determining a maximum inductance ratio k that ensures that a target converter meets gain design requirementsmax2
(8) Determining the maximum k value meeting the design requirements: k is a radical ofmax＝min{kmax1，knax2}；
(9) The quality factor and the resonant frequency are defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002865685680000023
determining the primary resonant inductance L according to the formularpAnd primary side resonance capacitor CrpA value of (d); determining a secondary side resonant element L according to the turn ratio n and the inductance ratio k of the transformerrs、CrsAnd transformer exciting inductance LmThe value of (c): l isrs＝Lrp/n2，Crs＝n2Crp，Lm＝kLrp(ii) a And finally, completing the parameter design of the target bidirectional resonant CLLC converter.
In the step (4), the dc gain expression is specifically as follows:
Figure BDA0002865685680000024
where k is the ratio of the transformer excitation inductance to the primary resonance inductance, Q is the quality factor, omeganIs the normalized resonance frequency; the expression for each parameter is as follows:
Figure BDA0002865685680000031
wherein L ismThe excitation inductance is the primary side of the transformer; cr1And Lr1Primary side resonance capacitance and resonance inductance respectively; reqEquivalent resistance to the input side is converted for the rectifier bridge and the circuits behind the rectifier bridge; omega and omega1Respectively the converter switching frequency and the resonant frequency.
In step (6) of the present invention, the maximum inductance ratio k ensuring monotonic decrease of the target converter gain curve in the operating range is determined according to the following methodmax1: the direct current gain is subjected to derivation on the normalized frequency to obtain a gain derivative M' and a normalized frequency omeganAnd inductance ratiok is a relational graph; making a section of which M 'is 0 on the curved surface in the relational graph to obtain a zero distribution graph of the gain derivative M'; determining an inductance ratio k from the distribution mapmax1: when k < kmax1The gain derivative has a zero; when k > kmaz1The gain derivative has three zeros.
In step (7) of the present invention, the maximum inductance ratio k for ensuring that the target converter meets the design requirement of gain is determined according to the following methodmax2: according to the maximum gain M of the target convertermaxRelation M to the inductance ratio kmaxF (k), determine kmax2＝f’(Mmax_design)。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) on the premise of meeting design requirements, the CLLC converter designed according to the invention has the largest excitation inductance, thereby reducing resonance current and circuit loss and improving the operation efficiency of the converter.
(2) The parameter optimization design method can avoid repeated iteration of the traditional method and optimize the design process.
(3) The parameter optimization design method provided by the invention can further improve the efficiency of the converter without the cost investment of more hardware circuits on the basis of adopting high-performance power devices, increasing efficiency optimization schemes such as synchronous rectification circuits and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the parameter optimization design of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a bidirectional resonant CLLC converter topology of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a fundamental equivalent model of a bidirectional resonant CLLC converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of gain derivative M' and normalized frequency ωnAnd inductance ratio k;
fig. 5 is a section of fig. 3 with M 'equal to 0, and the zero distribution diagram of the gain derivative M' is obtained;
FIG. 6 shows the inductance ratio k and the maximum gain MmaxAnd (5) a relational graph.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The topology of the bidirectional resonant CLLC converter to be subjected to parameter optimization design is shown in FIG. 2. Wherein S1～S4、S5～S8Respectively form a primary side and a secondary side full bridge, LrpAnd LrsIs a resonant inductor, CrpAnd CrsIs a resonant capacitor, LmIs the excitation inductance of the primary side of the transformer, and n is the turn ratio of the transformer;
the parameter optimization design process specifically comprises the following steps:
1) setting input voltage V according to target converter working sceneinRated output voltage VoOutput voltage range Vomin～VomaxResonant frequency frAnd the like.
2) Determining the turn ratio of the transformer:
Figure BDA0002865685680000041
3) calculating the maximum gain of the resonant cavity required to be met by the converter:
Figure BDA0002865685680000042
4) FIG. 3 is a fundamental equivalent model of a bidirectional resonant CLLC converter of the present invention, wherein v isABIs an input voltage VinThe fundamental component of the switching frequency, L, of the square wave obtained by full-bridge inversionr1And Cr1For input side resonant inductance and capacitance, LmIs the transformer excitation inductance of the input side, Lr2And Cr2Are respectively an output side resonance inductor LrsAnd a resonance capacitor CrsEquivalent inductance and capacitance, R, converted to the input sideeqEquivalent resistance to the input side is converted for the rectifier bridge and the circuits behind the rectifier bridge; the respective values are expressed as:
Figure BDA0002865685680000043
obtaining a direct-current gain expression of the CLLC converter according to a fundamental wave equivalent model thereof as shown in FIG. 3
Figure BDA0002865685680000044
Where k is the ratio of the transformer excitation inductance to the primary resonance inductance, Q is the quality factor, omeganIs the normalized resonance frequency; the expression of some parameters is as follows:
Figure BDA0002865685680000051
wherein, Cr1And L r1 is primary side resonance capacitance and resonance inductance, omega and omega respectively1Respectively the converter switching frequency and the resonant frequency.
5) Setting the quality factor Q to be 0.3 (the value range is usually 0.2-0.6, and the quality factor Q can be adjusted according to the actual situation);
6) determining the maximum inductance ratio k which ensures that the CLLC converter gain curve monotonically decreases in the operating rangemax1：
And (3) carrying out derivation on the normalized frequency by using the direct current gain, wherein the expression of a gain derivative is as follows:
Figure BDA0002865685680000052
FIG. 4 shows the gain derivative M' and the normalized frequency ωnAnd (3) drawing a relation graph of the inductance ratio k, and making a section with M' equal to 0 on a curved surface in the graph to obtain a gain derivative zero distribution graph shown in fig. 5. Determining an inductance ratio k from the distribution mapmax1: when k < kmax1The gain derivative has a zero; when k > kmaz1The gain derivative has three zeros.
7) Determining a maximum inductance ratio k that ensures that the converter meets the gain design requirementsmax2：
k value and maximum gain MmaxThe relationship between them is shown in FIG. 6. k is less than kmax2When M is in contact withmax＞Mmaz_design；k＞kmax2When M is in contact withmax＜Mmax_design. Thereby determining kmax2The maximum inductance ratio required by the gain design is ensured to be met by the converter.
8) Determining the maximum k value meeting the design requirements: k is a radical ofmax＝min{kmax1，kmax2}。
9) Simultaneous quality factor and resonant frequency definitions:
Figure BDA0002865685680000053
determining the primary resonant inductance L according to the formularpAnd primary side resonance capacitor CrpThe value of (c). Determining a secondary side resonant element L according to the turn ratio n and the inductance ratio k of the transformerrs、CrsAnd transformer exciting inductance LmThe value of (c): l isrs＝Lrp/n2，Crs＝n2Crp，Lm＝kLrp. And finally, completing the parameter design of the target bidirectional resonant CLLC converter.
Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned lists merely illustrate a few specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A parameter optimization design method for a bidirectional resonant CLLC converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) setting input voltage V according to working scene of target converterinRated output voltage VoOutput voltage range Vomin～VomaxAnd resonant frequency fr；
(2) Determining the turn ratio of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer in the target converter to be
Figure FDA0002865685670000011
(3) Calculating the maximum gain of the resonant cavity required to be met by the target converter as
Figure FDA0002865685670000012
(4) Obtaining a direct current gain expression of the target converter according to a fundamental wave equivalent model of the target converter;
(5) setting a specific numerical value of the quality factor Q according to the actual situation of a working scene;
(6) determining the maximum inductance ratio k ensuring the monotonous reduction of the gain curve of the target converter in the working rangemax1；
(7) Determining a maximum inductance ratio k that ensures that a target converter meets gain design requirementsmax2；
(8) Determining the maximum k value meeting the design requirements: k is a radical ofmax＝min{kmax1，kmax2}；
(9) The quality factor and the resonant frequency are defined as follows:
Figure FDA0002865685670000013
determining the primary resonant inductance L according to the formularpAnd primary side resonance capacitor CrpA value of (d); determining a secondary side resonant element L according to the turn ratio n and the inductance ratio k of the transformerrs、CrsAnd transformer exciting inductance LmThe value of (c): l isrs＝Lrp/n2，Crs＝n2Crp，Lm＝kLrp(ii) a And finally, completing the parameter design of the target bidirectional resonant CLLC converter.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the dc gain expression is specifically as follows:
Figure FDA0002865685670000014
where k is the ratio of the transformer excitation inductance to the primary resonance inductance, Q is the quality factor, omeganIs the normalized resonance frequency; the expression for each parameter is as follows:
Figure FDA0002865685670000021
wherein L ismThe excitation inductance is the primary side of the transformer; cr1And Lr1Primary side resonance capacitance and resonance inductance respectively; reqEquivalent resistance to the input side is converted for the rectifier bridge and the circuits behind the rectifier bridge; omega and omega1Respectively the converter switching frequency and the resonant frequency.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (6), the maximum inductance ratio k that ensures monotonic decrease of the target converter gain curve over the operating range is determined according tomax1: the direct current gain is subjected to derivation on the normalized frequency to obtain a gain derivative M' and a normalized frequency omeganAnd inductance ratio k; making a section of which M 'is 0 on the curved surface in the relational graph to obtain a zero distribution graph of the gain derivative M'; determining an inductance ratio k from the distribution mapmax1: when k < kmax1The gain derivative has a zero; when k > kmax1The gain derivative has three zeros.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (7), the maximum inductance ratio k that ensures the target converter meets the gain design requirement is determined according to the following methodmax2: according to the maximum gain M of the target convertermaxRelation M to the inductance ratio kmaxF (k), determine kmax2＝f’(Mmax_design)。
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CN113541499A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-10-22 清华大学 Sensorless synchronous rectification parameter matching method, control method and storage medium
CN113659842A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-16 浙江大学 Control method and control device of CLLC (CLLC) controller
CN117614287A (en) * 2024-01-18 2024-02-27 浙江大学 CLLC circuit capable of realizing high gain utilization rate by adjusting parameter design

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113541499A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-10-22 清华大学 Sensorless synchronous rectification parameter matching method, control method and storage medium
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CN113659842A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-16 浙江大学 Control method and control device of CLLC (CLLC) controller
CN117614287A (en) * 2024-01-18 2024-02-27 浙江大学 CLLC circuit capable of realizing high gain utilization rate by adjusting parameter design
CN117614287B (en) * 2024-01-18 2024-04-12 浙江大学 CLLC circuit capable of realizing high gain utilization rate by adjusting parameter design

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Application publication date: 20210430