Resonance diffusion type elbow silencer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silencers, and particularly relates to a noise reduction silencer in the fields of ventilation pipelines, ventilation openings, smoke exhaust and the like in industry, fire fighting, civil use, commercial use and the like.
Background
Mufflers are generally classified into resistive mufflers, reactive mufflers, and impedance compound mufflers. The common elbow silencer belongs to one of resistive silencers, and the silencing principle of the common elbow silencer is that the aim of silencing is achieved by utilizing the sound absorption performance of foam or fiber porous resistive materials and vertically changing the sound wave propagation direction. The damping characteristic of the resistive elbow silencer is that the silencer has better damping performance at about 1000Hz, but the damping frequency band is narrow, and the medium-low frequency effect is poor, especially in the frequency band below 500 Hz; the impedance composite elbow silencer has a complex structure and a high resistance coefficient, is not beneficial to processing and manufacturing, and increases extra weight.
The existing microporous plate elbow silencer has relatively good low-frequency effect, foam or fiber porous resistive materials in the resistive silencer are eliminated by utilizing the acoustic resistance of a self porous plate, the silencing structure is simplified, the principle is that a cavity is reserved in a microporous silencing element, sound is attenuated in a silencer channel through multiple reflection of sound waves in the microporous silencing element and resonance sound absorption of the cavity, the silencing frequency band is very narrow, even if the double-layer microporous plate elbow silencer is adopted, the widening sound absorption frequency band is very limited, and the double-layer microporous plate is complex in structure and is not beneficial to processing and manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the silencer which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in manufacturing, good silencing effect, wide silencing frequency band and high stability and is suitable for the fields of ventilation pipelines, ventilation openings, smoke exhaust and the like in industry, fire fighting, civil use, commercial use and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a resonance diffusion type elbow silencer comprises a shell, a connecting piece and a diffusion structure, and optionally comprises a micropore flow guide plate; internal channels are formed in the diffusion structure and/or the micropore flow guide plate; wherein the diffusion structure comprises a diffuser, optionally, micropores are arranged on the diffuser; and a cavity is formed between the diffusion structure and/or the micropore flow guide plate and the shell, and the cavity is of an irregular special-shaped structure with a variable cross section.
Furthermore, the resonance diffusion type elbow silencer can be used independently or combined in series through connecting pieces; when combined, the combined structure can be integrally combined into an arc shape or a snake shape.
Furthermore, in the same resonance diffusion type elbow silencer, a plurality of diffusion structures can be continuously arranged, and the diffusion structures and the micropore guide plate can also be arranged at intervals.
Further, the diffuser is in the shape of one of an arc-shaped bulge, a rectangular bulge, a conical bulge, a trapezoidal bulge and a corrugation, and can also be any combination of the shapes; any combination of diffusers of different sizes and shapes may be used.
Furthermore, in the same resonance diffusion type elbow silencer, diffusers with the same shape or the same size are arranged in different diffuser structures; or diffusers with different shapes or different sizes in different diffuser structures; similarly, in the plurality of connected resonance diffusion type elbow mufflers, the diffusion structures in different resonance diffusion type elbow mufflers have diffusers with the same shape or diffusers with the same size; or diffusers with different shapes or diffusers with different sizes in diffuser structures in different resonance diffusion type elbow mufflers.
Furthermore, the diffuser is composed of diffuser plates, the diffuser plates can be metal plates, plastic plates, plywood, gypsum boards, organic glass, paperboards and particle boards, and the diffuser can be composed of one of the diffuser plates and can also be formed by combining any of the diffuser plates; wherein the thickness of the single-layer diffuser plate is 0.1-30 mm.
Furthermore, the aperture of the micropores on the diffuser and/or the micropore flow guide plate is less than or equal to 1mm, the perforation rate is less than or equal to 6 percent, furthermore, the aperture of the micropores on the diffuser and/or the micropore flow guide plate is 0.05-1.0mm, and the perforation rate is 0.5-6 percent. In the invention, due to the existence of the diffusion structure, the porosity of the diffuser and/or the microporous guide plate can be limited to be less than or equal to 6 percent, the pore diameter can be limited to be less than or equal to 1mm, the perforation rate is 0.5-6 percent, and the silencing effects of the silencers in the range are almost consistent. Furthermore, the smaller the porosity/pore diameter, the more easily the plugging is, so the invention further limits the porosity to 0.5-6% and the pore diameter to 0.05-1mm, so as to improve the application range and the service life of the invention.
Further, the cross section of the shell can be in a shape of rectangle, circle, ellipse, etc., and the angle of the elbow is not limited.
Further, the housing may be made of a metal plate, preferably, one of a galvanized steel plate, an aluminum alloy steel plate, and a stainless steel plate; the material can also be a non-metal plate, preferably one of organic glass, glass fiber reinforced plastic, a plastic plate, a paperboard and a particle board; the thickness of the shell is 0.1-150 mm.
Further, the cavity is filled with a resistive material, the resistive material is foam, asbestos or fiber substances, and the form of the resistive material is particle or layer.
Further, the connection of the housing, the diffusing structure and the connecting member may be combined into a muffler by riveting, bolting, welding or bonding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: overall, the invention has simple structure, convenient manufacture, good silencing effect, wide silencing frequency band and high stability, and effectively improves the silencing quantity of medium-frequency and low-frequency under 500 Hz. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: (1) when the sound waves are incident, the sound waves touch the diffuser, part of the sound waves are emitted and then interfere with other sound waves further, and the purpose of silencing is achieved; (2) the plurality of diffusion structures and/or the microporous flow guide plates are connected or the plurality of resonance diffusion type elbow silencers are connected, so that an arc-shaped channel is integrally formed, and compared with a straight channel, the acoustic wave can be further reflected and further silenced; (3) the micropores are arranged on the diffuser and/or the micropore guide plate, so that sound waves enter a cavity formed by the diffusion structure and/or the micropore guide plate and the shell through the micropores, and the sound waves are reflected for multiple times to form resonance, thereby achieving the purpose of sound absorption; (4) the diffusion structure and/or the micropore flow guide plate are integrally arranged into an arc-shaped bent pipe, the shell is arranged into a rectangle (or other shapes), but generally, a cavity formed between the diffusion structure and/or the micropore flow guide plate and the shell is a special-shaped structure cavity with an irregular cross section, the special-shaped structure cavity has a resistance noise elimination effect, and simultaneously, due to the change of the depth of the cavity, the noise elimination frequency band can be further widened, in addition, the integral rigidity and the stability of the elbow silencer are also increased, and a partition plate is not required to be arranged inside to increase the strength or form a resonance cavity, so that the weight is lighter; (5) the plurality of elbow silencers can be connected and adapted randomly according to requirements, and the applicability is strong; (6) the cavity is filled with resistive materials according to requirements, so that the medium and low frequency noise elimination quantity can be further increased; (7) the contact part of the diffusion structure and the airflow is streamline, so that the resistance is small; (8) after the diffusers with different shapes are combined, the reflection times of the sound waves are increased, the transmission direction of the sound waves is favorably changed, and the silencing frequency band is further widened; (9) the shape of each diffusion structure corresponds to a peak noise elimination frequency band (5 times of the chord length of a single diffusion structure is approximately equal to the peak noise elimination frequency band), the diffusion structure can be designed in a targeted mode according to a certain specific frequency band, and the number of the diffusion structures can be increased to enhance the noise elimination amount of the certain frequency band.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a resonance diffusion type elbow muffler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combination of a plurality of resonance diffusion type elbow mufflers;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a resonant diffusion elbow muffler with added resistive material;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a resonance diffusion type elbow muffler with a combination of a partial diffuser, resistive material, and microporous baffle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a resonant diffusion elbow muffler with different diffuser, resistive material and microporous baffle combinations;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a diffuser enhanced resonance diffusion type elbow muffler of the same shape;
FIG. 7 is a view illustrating a scenario in which the resonance diffusion type elbow silencing principle can be applied to two outlets at one inlet or one outlet at two inlets;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a center (ball) type resonant diffusion elbow muffler.
In the figure: (1) is a diffuser, (2) a shell, (3) a connecting piece, (4) a resistive material, and (5) a flow guide microporous plate.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a resonance diffusion type elbow muffler comprises a shell 2, a connecting piece 3 and a diffusion structure; forming an internal channel in the diffusion structure; wherein the diffusion structure comprises a diffuser 1; a cavity is formed between the diffusion structure and the shell 2, and the cavity is of an irregular special-shaped structure with a variable cross section; optionally, the diffuser is provided with micropores.
As shown in fig. 2, the combined application of the three resonance diffusion type elbow mufflers has the combined muffling amount approximately equal to 3 times of that of one muffler.
As shown in fig. 3, the cavity is filled with a resistive material 4, the resistive material 4 may be foam, asbestos, or fiber, and the resistive material is in the form of particles or layers.
As shown in fig. 4, the microporous baffle 5 is added, and the resistance is smaller because the shape is streamline; meanwhile, the diffusion structure and the resistive material are combined with each other, so that the medium-low frequency silencing performance is further enhanced, and the silencing frequency band of a low-frequency section is further widened.
As shown in fig. 5, the diffusers with different shapes are beneficial to changing the propagation direction of the sound wave, increasing the interference effect and the reflection times of the sound wave, and further improving the sound suppression of the medium and low frequency waves while increasing the reflection times of the sound wave. The shape of each diffusion structure corresponds to a peak noise elimination frequency band (5 times of the arc chord length of a single diffusion structure is approximately equal to the peak noise elimination frequency band), and the diffusion structure can be designed in a targeted mode according to a plurality of specific frequency bands, so that the noise elimination frequency band is further widened.
As shown in fig. 6, the diffuser reinforced resonance diffusion type elbow muffler with the same shape almost doubles the number of diffusers 1 with the same shape, and approximately doubles the reflection times of sound waves, so that the sound absorption amount is increased; the shape of each diffusion structure corresponds to a peak value noise elimination frequency band, and the diffusion structures can be designed specifically according to a certain specific frequency band, so that the noise elimination amount of the certain specific frequency band can be increased by increasing the number of the diffusion structures.
As shown in figure 7, the resonance diffusion type elbow silencing principle can be used for one inlet and two outlets or one inlet and one outlet scene, the application range is wider, the resonance diffusion type elbow silencing principle can be installed at the position of a noise source with the scene, the noise is treated from the source, the modern silencing concept is better met, and the silencing effect is better.
As shown in fig. 8, the diffuser 1 of the center (ball) type resonance diffusion elbow muffler forms one or more center balls, wherein the center ball can perform a spatial 360 ° diffusion function on sound waves, and the center ball interacts with the diffusion structures on the four sides inside the muffler, so that the reflection times are greatly increased, the muffling amount is increased, and the muffling frequency band is widened; compared with other center diffusion structures, the center ball occupies smaller volume, can save materials and reduce weight; in addition, the spherical appearance is of a streamline structure, and the resistance is smaller.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.