CN106782479A - A kind of simple Foamed-aluminum silencer - Google Patents

A kind of simple Foamed-aluminum silencer Download PDF

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CN106782479A
CN106782479A CN201611216053.2A CN201611216053A CN106782479A CN 106782479 A CN106782479 A CN 106782479A CN 201611216053 A CN201611216053 A CN 201611216053A CN 106782479 A CN106782479 A CN 106782479A
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foamed aluminum
muffler
cylindrical shell
perforated pipe
foamed
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CN106782479B (en
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陈文清
陶猛
刘泽
吴伟
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Guizhou University
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Guizhou University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162Selection of materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种简易泡沫铝消声器,包括空心的圆柱外壳,圆柱外壳的一端设置有消声器入口,另一端设置有消声器出口,圆柱外壳内设置有穿孔管和两个泡沫铝板,泡沫铝板为开孔的泡沫铝板,两个泡沫铝板均与圆柱外壳的轴线相垂直,且两个泡沫铝板与圆柱外壳的内壁间封闭固定,穿孔管与圆柱外壳同轴设置,且穿孔管的两端分别穿过两个泡沫铝板,两个泡沫铝板之间的穿孔管上开设有消声孔。以解决现有消声器材料易造成环境污染、危害人体健康,且容易吸潮、风化,使用寿命短,效果差等问题。本发明属于消声器技术领域。

The invention provides a simple foamed aluminum muffler, which comprises a hollow cylindrical shell. One end of the cylindrical shell is provided with a muffler inlet, and the other end is provided with a muffler outlet. A perforated pipe and two foamed aluminum plates are arranged inside the cylindrical shell, and the foamed aluminum plate is an opening. The two foamed aluminum plates are perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical shell, and the two foamed aluminum plates are closed and fixed with the inner wall of the cylindrical shell, the perforated tube is coaxially arranged with the cylindrical shell, and the two ends of the perforated tube pass through There are two foam aluminum plates, and the perforated pipe between the two foam aluminum plates is provided with sound-absorbing holes. In order to solve the problems that existing muffler materials are easy to cause environmental pollution, endanger human health, and are easy to absorb moisture and weather, have short service life and poor effect. The invention belongs to the technical field of mufflers.

Description

一种简易泡沫铝消声器A Simple Foam Aluminum Muffler

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种以开孔泡沫铝空心圆板和穿孔管作为内部消声结构配合使用的消声器,属于消声器技术领域。The invention relates to a muffler which is used together with an open-cell foam aluminum hollow circular plate and a perforated pipe as an internal muffler structure, and belongs to the technical field of mufflers.

背景技术Background technique

传统消声器常采用实心和穿孔的钢板作为消声结构或使用玻璃棉、岩棉等多孔阻性消声材料来消除噪声,但实心和穿孔的钢板质量大,不利于产品的轻量化设计,并且本身是不吸声的,主要是通过声波来回反射和气体的粘滞性来衰减声波。阻性消声材料容易造成环境污染、危害人体健康且带来吸潮、容易风化、寿命短等问题,使用到后期效果越来越差,对环境的噪声污染也会加重。Traditional mufflers often use solid and perforated steel plates as the sound-absorbing structure or use porous resistive sound-absorbing materials such as glass wool and rock wool to eliminate noise. It is not sound-absorbing, and mainly attenuates the sound wave through the back and forth reflection of the sound wave and the viscosity of the gas. Resistive sound-absorbing materials are likely to cause environmental pollution, endanger human health, and bring about problems such as moisture absorption, easy weathering, and short life. After use, the effect becomes worse and worse, and the noise pollution to the environment will also increase.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于:提供一种简易泡沫铝消声器,以解决现有消声器材料易造成环境污染、危害人体健康,且容易吸潮、风化,使用寿命短,效果差等问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a simple foamed aluminum muffler to solve the problems that the existing muffler materials are easy to cause environmental pollution, endanger human health, and are easy to absorb moisture and weather, have short service life and poor effect.

为解决上述问题,拟采用这样一种简易泡沫铝消声器,包括空心的圆柱外壳,圆柱外壳的一端设置有消声器入口,另一端设置有消声器出口,圆柱外壳内设置有穿孔管和两个泡沫铝板,泡沫铝板为开孔的泡沫铝板,两个泡沫铝板均与圆柱外壳的轴线相垂直,且两个泡沫铝板与圆柱外壳的内壁间封闭固定,穿孔管与圆柱外壳同轴设置,且穿孔管的两端分别穿过两个泡沫铝板,两个泡沫铝板之间的穿孔管上开设有消声孔。In order to solve the above problems, such a simple foam aluminum muffler is proposed, including a hollow cylindrical shell, one end of the cylindrical shell is provided with a muffler inlet, the other end is provided with a muffler outlet, and a perforated pipe and two foam aluminum plates are arranged inside the cylindrical shell. The foamed aluminum plate is a foamed aluminum plate with open holes, the two foamed aluminum plates are perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical shell, and the two foamed aluminum plates are closed and fixed with the inner wall of the cylindrical shell, the perforated tube is coaxially arranged with the cylindrical shell, and the two sides of the perforated tube The ends pass through two foamed aluminum plates respectively, and the perforated pipe between the two foamed aluminum plates is provided with muffler holes.

前述泡沫铝消声器中,泡沫铝板中部开设有通孔,穿孔管穿设于通孔上;In the aforementioned foamed aluminum muffler, a through hole is opened in the middle of the foamed aluminum plate, and the perforated pipe is pierced through the through hole;

前述泡沫铝消声器中,圆柱外壳为钢制外壳,消声器入口和消声器出口均为与圆柱外壳同轴的圆孔结构;In the aforementioned aluminum foam muffler, the cylindrical shell is a steel shell, and the muffler inlet and muffler outlet are circular hole structures coaxial with the cylindrical shell;

为了充分利用穿孔管消声器的消声特点,因为刚进入消声器的气流速度比较快,用一段较长的空腔来降低流速,增强消声能力,两个泡沫铝板之间的距离大于消声器入口到泡沫铝板的最小距离,消声器入口到泡沫铝板的最小距离大于消声器出口到泡沫铝板的最小距离,用来配合最后阶段的消声,设置不同的空腔长度同时也是为了避免抗性消声器在某些频段上消声性能差的缺点;In order to make full use of the noise reduction characteristics of the perforated pipe muffler, because the airflow velocity just entering the muffler is relatively fast, a longer cavity is used to reduce the flow velocity and enhance the noise reduction ability. The minimum distance of the aluminum plate, the minimum distance from the muffler inlet to the foam aluminum plate is greater than the minimum distance from the muffler outlet to the foam aluminum plate, which is used to match the final stage of muffler, setting different cavity lengths is also to avoid the resistance of the muffler in certain frequency bands Disadvantages of poor noise reduction performance;

前述泡沫铝消声器中,穿孔管穿过靠近消声器入口的泡沫铝板的长度大于穿孔管穿过靠近消声器出口的泡沫铝板的长度;In the aforementioned foamed aluminum muffler, the length of the perforated pipe passing through the foamed aluminum plate near the muffler inlet is greater than the length of the perforated pipe passing through the foamed aluminum plate near the muffler outlet;

前述泡沫铝消声器中,两个泡沫铝板之间的穿孔管上的孔隙率为4%~16%,可根据不同的需求进行调整,调整的原则是孔隙率越大,其功能越接近膨胀腔消声器的特性,孔隙率越小越接近直通非穿孔管的特性;In the aforementioned foamed aluminum muffler, the porosity of the perforated pipe between the two foamed aluminum plates is 4% to 16%, which can be adjusted according to different needs. The principle of adjustment is that the larger the porosity, the closer its function is to the expansion chamber muffler The smaller the porosity, the closer to the characteristics of straight-through non-perforated pipes;

前述泡沫铝消声器中,泡沫铝板采用压渗法制备,或由熔体发泡法制备的闭孔泡沫铝材料制作,闭孔泡沫铝材料进行打孔处理,以在泡沫铝圆盘形成连通的孔道。In the aforementioned foamed aluminum muffler, the foamed aluminum plate is prepared by piezo-infiltration method, or is made of closed-cell foamed aluminum material prepared by melt foaming method, and the closed-cell foamed aluminum material is punched to form connected channels in the foamed aluminum disc. .

开孔的泡沫铝由于其结构本身的特点,在中高频域具有优越的吸声性能,配合穿孔管使用,可以获得良好的综合消声能力。泡沫铝的孔隙率为0.75左右时吸声能力最强,因此还具质量轻的优点。同时,其克服了玻璃棉等吸声材料对人体有害的缺陷,具有较高的强度,耐压能力和连接性能。研究表明泡沫铝通过合理的结构组合可以实现优良的声学性能,泡沫铝在消声器中可以具有良好的应用。本发明是一种以开孔泡沫铝圆板和穿孔管作为内部吸声结构配合使用以用来提高消声性能的消声器,具有结构简单,质量相对较轻,消声频域宽,综合消声性能好等特点。Due to the characteristics of its structure, the open-cell foamed aluminum has excellent sound absorption performance in the medium and high frequency range. When used with perforated pipes, it can obtain good comprehensive noise reduction ability. When the porosity of aluminum foam is about 0.75, the sound absorption ability is the strongest, so it also has the advantage of light weight. At the same time, it overcomes the defects that sound-absorbing materials such as glass wool are harmful to the human body, and has high strength, pressure resistance and connection performance. Studies have shown that aluminum foam can achieve excellent acoustic performance through reasonable structural combinations, and aluminum foam can have a good application in mufflers. The present invention is a kind of muffler which uses open-cell foam aluminum disc and perforated pipe as the internal sound absorption structure to improve the muffler performance. It has simple structure, relatively light weight, wide muffler frequency range and comprehensive muffler performance. Good features.

与现有技术相比,本发明使用带有通孔的泡沫铝材料作为消声结构,既发挥多孔材料本身的吸声能力,又通过共振结构吸声,且通过气流通道面积的变化兼具抗性消声的一些特性,低频消声效果好,消声频带宽;通过三段消声器空腔来衰减声波,并利用泡沫铝板和穿孔管的消声特性,发挥其消声优势;本发明避免了玻璃棉、岩棉等多孔阻性消声材料易造成环境污染、危害人体健康且吸潮、容易风化、寿命短等问题,也解决了一般抗性消声器结构复杂、体积大、质量大、频率狭窄、造价高的问题。泡沫铝材料本身为金属材料,使用中无污染,不易吸潮和风化,寿命较长。Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses the aluminum foam material with through holes as the sound-absorbing structure, which not only exerts the sound-absorbing ability of the porous material itself, but also absorbs sound through the resonance structure, and also has anti-sound effects through the change of the airflow channel area. Some characteristics of permanent noise reduction, low-frequency noise reduction effect is good, and noise reduction frequency bandwidth is wide; the sound wave is attenuated through the cavity of the three-stage muffler, and the noise reduction characteristics of the foamed aluminum plate and the perforated pipe are used to give full play to its noise reduction advantages; the invention avoids the need for glass Porous resistive sound-absorbing materials such as cotton and rock wool are easy to cause environmental pollution, endanger human health, absorb moisture, be easily weathered, and have short life. The problem of high cost. The foamed aluminum material itself is a metal material, which has no pollution during use, is not easy to absorb moisture and weathering, and has a long service life.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明泡沫铝消声器结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of aluminum foam muffler of the present invention;

图2为泡沫铝板正面图;Fig. 2 is the front view of foamed aluminum plate;

图3为本发明泡沫铝消声器气流走向示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the airflow direction of the aluminum foam muffler of the present invention;

图4为本发明泡沫铝消声器声波反射示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of sound wave reflection of the aluminum foam muffler of the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将通过附图对发明作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail with the accompanying drawings.

实施例:Example:

参照图1至图4,本实施例提供一种简易泡沫铝消声器,包括空心的圆柱外壳1,圆柱外壳1的一端设置有消声器入口11,另一端设置有消声器出口12,圆柱外壳1为钢制外壳,消声器入口11和消声器出口12均为与圆柱外壳1同轴的圆孔结构,圆柱外壳1内设置有穿孔管2和两个泡沫铝板3,泡沫铝板3为开孔的泡沫铝板,采用压渗法制备,或由熔体发泡法制备的闭孔泡沫铝材料制作,闭孔泡沫铝材料进行打孔处理,以在泡沫铝圆盘形成连通的孔道,两个泡沫铝板3均与圆柱外壳1的轴线相垂直,且两个泡沫铝板3与圆柱外壳1的内壁间封闭固定,穿孔管2与圆柱外壳1同轴设置,泡沫铝板3中部开设有通孔31,且穿孔管2的两端分别通过通孔31穿过两个泡沫铝板3,两个泡沫铝板3之间的穿孔管2上开设有消声孔21。Referring to Figures 1 to 4, this embodiment provides a simple foamed aluminum muffler, including a hollow cylindrical shell 1, one end of the cylindrical shell 1 is provided with a muffler inlet 11, and the other end is provided with a muffler outlet 12, and the cylindrical shell 1 is made of steel The shell, the muffler inlet 11 and the muffler outlet 12 are all circular hole structures coaxial with the cylindrical shell 1, and the cylindrical shell 1 is provided with a perforated pipe 2 and two foamed aluminum plates 3, and the foamed aluminum plate 3 is a foamed aluminum plate with open holes. prepared by infiltration method, or made of closed-cell foamed aluminum material prepared by melt foaming method, the closed-cell foamed aluminum material is perforated to form connected channels in the foamed aluminum disc, and the two foamed aluminum plates 3 are connected to the cylindrical shell The axes of 1 are perpendicular to each other, and the two foamed aluminum plates 3 are closed and fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 1, the perforated tube 2 is arranged coaxially with the cylindrical shell 1, a through hole 31 is opened in the middle of the foamed aluminum plate 3, and the two ends of the perforated tube 2 The two foamed aluminum plates 3 are respectively passed through the through holes 31 , and the perforated pipe 2 between the two foamed aluminum plates 3 is provided with a muffler hole 21 .

两个泡沫铝板3之间的距离大于消声器入口11到泡沫铝板3的最小距离,消声器入口11到泡沫铝板3的最小距离大于消声器出口12到泡沫铝板3的最小距离,穿孔管2穿过靠近消声器入口11的泡沫铝板3的长度略大于穿孔管2穿过靠近消声器出口12的泡沫铝板3的长度,两个泡沫铝板3之间的穿孔管2上的孔隙率为4%~20%。The distance between two foamed aluminum plates 3 is greater than the minimum distance from the muffler inlet 11 to the foamed aluminum plate 3, the minimum distance from the muffler inlet 11 to the foamed aluminum plate 3 is greater than the minimum distance from the muffler outlet 12 to the foamed aluminum plate 3, and the perforated pipe 2 passes through the muffler The length of the foamed aluminum plate 3 at the inlet 11 is slightly longer than the length of the perforated pipe 2 passing through the foamed aluminum plate 3 near the muffler outlet 12, and the porosity on the perforated pipe 2 between the two foamed aluminum plates 3 is 4% to 20%.

当噪声气体通过消声器入口11时声波主要经历三次衰减过程:When the noise gas passes through the muffler inlet 11, the sound wave mainly undergoes three attenuation processes:

首先,声波进入消声器入口11与靠近消声器入口11的泡沫铝板3之间的空腔,根据膨胀腔的消声原理,声波穿过横截面积突变的单元使得边界阻抗失配,声波发生反射,噪声得到部分衰减;First, the sound wave enters the cavity between the muffler inlet 11 and the aluminum foam plate 3 close to the muffler inlet 11. According to the sound elimination principle of the expansion chamber, the sound wave passes through the unit with a sudden change in cross-sectional area to make the boundary impedance mismatch, the sound wave is reflected, and the noise get a partial attenuation;

之后,一部分声波穿过开孔的泡沫铝板3,由于泡沫铝本身的良好消声能力,声波得到进一步衰减;另一部分声波进入中间的穿孔管2,形成一个抗性消声器,声波得到进一步衰减;还有一部分穿孔管2中的声波通过消声孔21进入穿孔管2与圆柱外壳1和两个泡沫铝板3之间的空腔,根据穿孔管消声原理,声波也得到进一步衰减;Afterwards, part of the sound wave passes through the open-hole foamed aluminum plate 3, and the sound wave is further attenuated due to the good noise reduction ability of the foamed aluminum itself; the other part of the sound wave enters the perforated pipe 2 in the middle to form a resistant muffler, and the sound wave is further attenuated; Part of the sound waves in the perforated tube 2 enter the cavity between the perforated tube 2, the cylindrical shell 1 and the two foamed aluminum plates 3 through the muffler hole 21, and the sound waves are further attenuated according to the principle of the perforated tube attenuation;

最后,一部分声波穿过靠近消声器出口12的泡沫铝板3,进入消声器出口12与靠近消声器出口12的泡沫铝板3之间的空腔,声波再次得到衰减。Finally, part of the sound waves pass through the foamed aluminum plate 3 near the muffler outlet 12 and enter the cavity between the muffler outlet 12 and the foamed aluminum plate 3 near the muffler outlet 12, and the sound waves are attenuated again.

本发明存在的主要声波衰减机理有2种:1.气流流经横截面积急剧变化的腔室或空腔引起的阻抗失配,达到了衰减声波的效果;2.泡沫铝是一种很好的吸声材料,气流从泡沫铝椭圆板和穿孔管上的通孔流过时,由于骨架的振动、空气的粘滞性、摩擦、热交换等因素,噪声会得到明显衰减。There are two main mechanisms of sound wave attenuation in the present invention: 1. Impedance mismatch caused by airflow passing through chambers or cavities with sharply changing cross-sectional areas, which achieves the effect of attenuating sound waves; 2. Aluminum foam is a very good Sound-absorbing materials, when the airflow flows through the through holes on the foamed aluminum elliptical plate and the perforated tube, the noise will be significantly attenuated due to the vibration of the skeleton, the viscosity of the air, friction, heat exchange and other factors.

Claims (7)

1.一种简易泡沫铝消声器,包括空心的圆柱外壳(1),其特征在于:圆柱外壳(1)的一端设置有消声器入口(11),另一端设置有消声器出口(12),圆柱外壳(1)内设置有穿孔管(2)和两个泡沫铝板(3),泡沫铝板(3)为开孔的泡沫铝板,两个泡沫铝板(3)均与圆柱外壳(1)的轴线相垂直,且两个泡沫铝板(3)与圆柱外壳(1)的内壁间封闭固定,穿孔管(2)与圆柱外壳(1)同轴设置,且穿孔管(2)的两端分别穿过两个泡沫铝板(3),两个泡沫铝板(3)之间的穿孔管(2)上开设有消声孔(21)。1. A kind of simple and easy foamed aluminum muffler comprises hollow cylindrical shell (1), is characterized in that: one end of cylindrical shell (1) is provided with muffler inlet (11), and the other end is provided with muffler outlet (12), cylindrical shell ( 1) A perforated pipe (2) and two foamed aluminum plates (3) are arranged inside, the foamed aluminum plate (3) is an open-hole foamed aluminum plate, and the two foamed aluminum plates (3) are perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical shell (1), And the two foamed aluminum plates (3) are closed and fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical shell (1), the perforated pipe (2) is arranged coaxially with the cylindrical shell (1), and the two ends of the perforated pipe (2) respectively pass through two foam The aluminum plate (3), and the perforated pipe (2) between the two foamed aluminum plates (3) are provided with muffler holes (21). 2.根据权利要求1所述一种简易泡沫铝消声器,其特征在于:泡沫铝板(3)中部开设有通孔(31),穿孔管(2)穿设于通孔(31)上。2. A simple foamed aluminum muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that: a through hole (31) is opened in the middle of the foamed aluminum plate (3), and the perforated pipe (2) is pierced through the through hole (31). 3.根据权利要求1所述一种简易泡沫铝消声器,其特征在于:圆柱外壳(1)为钢制外壳,消声器入口(11)和消声器出口(12)均为与圆柱外壳(1)同轴的圆孔结构。3. A simple foamed aluminum muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylindrical shell (1) is a steel shell, and the muffler inlet (11) and muffler outlet (12) are both coaxial with the cylindrical shell (1) circular hole structure. 4.根据权利要求1所述一种简易泡沫铝消声器,其特征在于:两个泡沫铝板(3)之间的距离大于消声器入口(11)到泡沫铝板(3)的最小距离,消声器入口(11)到泡沫铝板(3)的最小距离大于消声器出口(12)到泡沫铝板(3)的最小距离。4. A simple foamed aluminum muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the two foamed aluminum plates (3) is greater than the minimum distance from the muffler inlet (11) to the foamed aluminum plate (3), and the muffler inlet (11 ) to the minimum distance from the foamed aluminum plate (3) greater than the minimum distance from the muffler outlet (12) to the foamed aluminum plate (3). 5.根据权利要求1所述一种简易泡沫铝消声器,其特征在于:穿孔管2穿过靠近消声器入口(11)的泡沫铝板(3)的长度大于穿孔管(2)穿过靠近消声器出口(12)的泡沫铝板(3)的长度。5. A simple foamed aluminum muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the perforated pipe 2 passing through the foamed aluminum plate (3) near the muffler inlet (11) is longer than the length of the perforated pipe (2) passing through the near muffler outlet ( 12) The length of the aluminum foam board (3). 6.根据权利要求1所述一种简易泡沫铝消声器,其特征在于:两个泡沫铝板(3)之间的穿孔管(2)上的孔隙率为4%~16%。6. A simple foamed aluminum muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the porosity of the perforated pipe (2) between the two foamed aluminum plates (3) is 4% to 16%. 7.根据权利要求1所述一种简易泡沫铝消声器,其特征在于:泡沫铝板(3)通过压渗法制备,或由熔体发泡法制备的闭孔泡沫铝材料制作,闭孔泡沫铝材料进行打孔处理。7. A simple foamed aluminum muffler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foamed aluminum plate (3) is prepared by the pressure infiltration method, or is made of a closed-cell foamed aluminum material prepared by a melt foaming method, and the closed-cell foamed aluminum The material is perforated.
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