CN112735367A - Piezoelectric phonon crystal beam for actively adjusting vibration and wave propagation characteristics - Google Patents
Piezoelectric phonon crystal beam for actively adjusting vibration and wave propagation characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于主动调节振动和波传播特性的压电声子晶体梁，包括压电传感器、数据采集器、控制器、电压放大器和压电驱动器；压电驱动器和压电传感器被周期布置在基体梁上，比例反馈控制策略用于设计相应的控制器。当发生振动时，压电传感器实时采集传感电压信号，数据采集器将传感器电压信号输入到控制器进行处理，将处理后的电压信号作为控制电压经过电压放大器后反馈给压电驱动器，此时控制器得到的控制电压和压电驱动器本身变形产生的电压以及压电传感器本身变形产生的电压共同作为驱动电压作用到压电声子晶体梁上。本发明通过调节比例反馈控制增益得到所需的附加刚度，从而实现对压电声子晶体梁振动和波传播特性的主动调节。
The invention discloses a piezoelectric phononic crystal beam for actively adjusting vibration and wave propagation characteristics, comprising a piezoelectric sensor, a data collector, a controller, a voltage amplifier and a piezoelectric driver; the piezoelectric driver and the piezoelectric sensor are Periods are arranged on the base beam, and a proportional feedback control strategy is used to design the corresponding controller. When vibration occurs, the piezoelectric sensor collects the sensing voltage signal in real time, the data collector inputs the sensor voltage signal to the controller for processing, and uses the processed voltage signal as a control voltage to pass through the voltage amplifier and then feed it back to the piezoelectric driver. The control voltage obtained by the controller, the voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric driver itself, and the voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric sensor itself act together as a driving voltage on the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam. The invention obtains the required additional stiffness by adjusting the proportional feedback control gain, thereby realizing the active adjustment of the vibration and wave propagation characteristics of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phononic crystals, and particularly relates to a piezoelectric phononic crystal beam for actively adjusting vibration and wave propagation characteristics.
Background
Vibration and noise are problems to be solved urgently in the aspects of daily life, industrial development, national defense safety and the like. The bandgap properties of the phononic crystal provide a new approach to control and eliminate various harmful vibrations in equipment and noise in the environment.
In general, tuning the vibration and wave propagation characteristics of a structure using a bragg scattering type phononic crystal often requires that the size of the phononic crystal be comparable to the elastic wave wavelength size, and once the phononic crystal is designed or manufactured, the wave propagation characteristics have been determined, and real-time tuning of the vibration and wave propagation characteristics cannot be achieved. For the local resonance type phononic crystal, although the band gap characteristic can be adjusted by adjusting the resonator structure, the band gap width is generally low, and engineering application is not easily met. Therefore, how to realize active adjustment of elastic waves in a wide frequency domain range is always a problem that those skilled in the art wish to solve.
In order to solve the above problems, much research has been conducted on the control of the vibration and wave propagation behavior of the photonic crystal, and at present, the control of the photonic crystal energy band structure is mainly realized by adjusting the material or geometric parameters of the structure, or the adjustment of the band gap characteristics is performed by changing the external field parameters by adopting an active material capable of being coupled with other physical fields. However, most of the methods adopt passive control, and the research on active control is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a piezoelectric phononic crystal beam for actively adjusting vibration and wave propagation characteristics, which aims to solve the existing problems and can realize active adjustment of the vibration and wave propagation characteristics of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a piezoelectric phononic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics, comprising:
the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam structure consists of a base material and a piezoelectric material, wherein the piezoelectric material is used as a piezoelectric driver and a sensor and is respectively and periodically arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base beam;
the piezoelectric driver is connected with the upper surface of the photonic crystal matrix beam and used for providing driving voltage for the photonic crystal beam structure;
the piezoelectric sensor is connected with the lower surface of the photonic crystal substrate beam and is used for acquiring a voltage signal on the piezoelectric photonic crystal beam in real time;
the data acquisition unit is used for transmitting the voltage signals acquired by the piezoelectric sensor to the controller for processing;
the controller processes the voltage signal according to a self control strategy to obtain a control voltage applied to the piezoelectric driver;
and the voltage amplifier is used for further amplifying the control voltage according to the control command sent by the controller and applying the amplified control voltage to the piezoelectric driver.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam is composed of a plurality of units, each unit is composed of a first subunit and a second subunit, and the first subunit and the second subunit are respectively connected with a first controller and a second controller.
Further, the control voltage obtained by the first controller is applied to a first piezoelectric driver on the first subunit; and the control voltage obtained by the second controller is applied to a second piezoelectric driver on the second subunit.
Further, the matrix material is a pure elastic material.
Further, the piezoelectric material is a piezoelectric ceramic material.
Furthermore, the connection mode between the piezoelectric material and the base material is surface bonding, such as adhesive bonding.
Further, the piezoelectric driver and sensor areas of the phononic crystal beam structure include, but are not limited to, rectangular/circular.
Further, the piezoelectric actuator and the piezoelectric sensor have the same thickness.
Further, the piezoelectric material and the base material have the same width.
Furthermore, the first data collector is respectively connected with a plurality of first piezoelectric sensors in the phononic crystal beam structure through leads. And the second data collector is respectively connected with a plurality of second piezoelectric sensors in the phonon crystal beam structure through leads.
Furthermore, the first voltage amplifiers are respectively connected with the plurality of first piezoelectric drivers in the phononic crystal beam structure through leads. And the second voltage amplifiers are respectively connected with a plurality of second piezoelectric drivers in the phonon crystal beam structure through leads.
Furthermore, the first piezoelectric sensor is sequentially connected with a first data collector, a first controller, a first voltage amplifier and a first piezoelectric driver through a lead. And the second piezoelectric sensor is sequentially connected with a second data collector, a second controller, a second voltage amplifier and a second piezoelectric driver through a lead.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the piezoelectric driver and the piezoelectric sensor are periodically arranged on the matrix beam to construct the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam structure. And a corresponding controller is designed by combining with an active control strategy, and specific additional rigidity can be provided for the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam unit by changing a feedback control factor. By adjusting the rigidity, a plurality of band gaps of the equal-section piezoelectric phonon crystal beam can be effectively opened on the premise of not changing any material parameters and geometric parameters of the structure, and active adjustment of vibration and wave propagation characteristics is realized. According to the invention, the band gap range of the structure can be enlarged, and a good vibration reduction effect can be achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric phononic crystal beam provided by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the active control process of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam provided by the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a unit structure of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an energy band diagram under active control.
Fig. 5 is a frequency response diagram under active control.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the variation of the feedback control gain ratio versus the bandgap characteristic.
In the figure, the device comprises a base beam 1, a first piezoelectric driver 2, a first piezoelectric sensor 4, a first data collector 6, a first controller 7, a first voltage amplifier 8, a second piezoelectric driver 3, a second piezoelectric sensor 5, a second data collector 9, a second controller 10, a second controller 11 and a second voltage amplifier.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a piezoelectric phononic crystal beam for actively adjusting vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to the present invention,
the method comprises the following steps: a phononic crystal beam structure; the piezoelectric photonic crystal beam structure consists of a base body and piezoelectric materials, the piezoelectric materials are used as piezoelectric drivers and sensors and are respectively and periodically arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base body beam, the photonic crystal beam structure unit comprises a first subunit and a second subunit, the first subunit comprises a first piezoelectric driver 2 and a first sensor 4, and the second subunit comprises a second piezoelectric driver 3 and a second sensor 5; the first piezoelectric sensor 4, the first data collector 6, the controller 7, the first piezoelectric amplifier 8 and the first piezoelectric driver 2 are connected in sequence; the second piezoelectric sensor 5, the second data collector 9, the second controller 10, the second piezoelectric amplifier 11 and the second piezoelectric driver 3 are connected in sequence.
The first piezoelectric driver 2 is connected with the upper surface of the first subunit of the phononic crystal matrix beam and used for providing driving voltage for the first subunit. The second piezoelectric driver 3 is connected with the upper surface of the second subunit of the phononic crystal matrix beam and used for providing driving voltage for the second subunit.
The first piezoelectric sensor 4 is connected with the lower surface of the first subunit of the phononic crystal matrix beam and used for collecting voltage signals of the first subunit. And the second piezoelectric sensor 5 is connected with the lower surface of the second subunit of the phononic crystal matrix beam and is used for acquiring a voltage signal of the second subunit.
The first data collector 6 further processes the voltage signal measured by the first piezoelectric sensor 4 through the first controller 7, and the feedback control gain of the first controller is selected as g1The first voltage amplifier 8 amplifies the control voltage according to a control command from the first controller 7 and applies the amplified control voltage to the first piezoelectric driver 2.
The second data collector 9 further processes the voltage signal measured by the second piezoelectric sensor 5 through the second controller 10, and the feedback control gain of the second controller is selected as g2And a control voltage is obtained, and the second voltage amplifier 11 amplifies the control voltage according to a control command of the second controller 10 and then applies the amplified control voltage to the second piezoelectric driver 3.
Under the action of different control voltages, the rigidity of the first subunit and the rigidity of the second subunit in the piezoelectric photonic crystal beam unit are changed, and the vibration and wave propagation characteristics of the piezoelectric photonic crystal beam are adjusted.
As a further preferred embodiment, the base material is made of a pure elastic metal material, such as aluminum, and the piezoelectric material is made of a piezoelectric ceramic material, such as piezoelectric ceramic PZT-5H.
As a further preferred embodiment, the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam is composed of 8 units, and each unit is composed of a first subunit and a second subunit.
As a further preferred embodiment, the first subunit, the first piezoelectric actuator 2 and the first piezoelectric sensor 4 are connected with the base material 1 by using epoxy resin glue. The second subunit, the second piezoelectric driver 3 and the second piezoelectric sensor 5 are connected with the base material 1 by epoxy resin glue.
As a further preferred embodiment, the area of the piezoelectric actuators and piezoelectric sensors in the phononic crystal beam structure includes, but is not limited to, rectangular/circular.
As a further preferred embodiment, the first data collector 6 is connected to the plurality of first piezoelectric sensors 4 in the first subunit of the phononic crystal beam through leads. And the second data collector 9 is respectively connected with a plurality of second piezoelectric sensors 5 in the second subunit of the phononic crystal beam through leads.
As a further preferred embodiment, the first voltage amplifiers 8 are connected to the plurality of first piezoelectric drivers 2 in the first subunit of the phononic crystal beam by leads, respectively. The second voltage amplifier 11 is respectively connected with the plurality of second piezoelectric drivers 3 in the second subunit of the phonon crystal beam through leads.
The working principle is as follows: due to the existence of the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, when an external control voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element, the rigidity of the piezoelectric element changes, and conversely, when the piezoelectric element deforms, the voltage is also generated. For this purpose, a piezoelectric actuator and a piezoelectric transducer are periodically arranged on the substrate beam, and when the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam structure is excited by external excitation to vibrate, the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam can generate voltage, and the sensing voltage V can be measured by the first piezoelectric transducer 4 and the second piezoelectric transducer 54And V5And the sensor voltage signal V is transmitted by the first data collector 6 and the second data collector 94And V5Respectively input into the first controller 7 and the second controller 10 for processing, and processed voltage signal Vc4,Vc5Satisfy Vc4＝－g1V4And Vc5＝－g2V5，g1And g2The voltage processed by the first controller and the voltage processed by the second controller are fed back to the first piezoelectric driver 2 and the second driver 3 after passing through the voltage amplifier, and the driving voltage V is applied to the piezoelectric phonon crystal beam unita2And Va3Comprises three parts which are respectively: a first control voltage Vc4And a second control voltage Vc5(ii) a The voltage V generated by the deformation of the first piezoelectric actuator 2 and the second actuator 3 themselves2And V3(ii) a The voltage V generated by the deformation of the first piezoelectric sensor 4 and the second sensor 5 themselves4,V5. Controlling gain g by adjusting feedback1And g2Specific additional stiffness can be obtained, thereby achieving active control over phononic crystal beam vibration and wave propagation behavior.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the areas of a piezoelectric driver and a piezoelectric sensor of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam structure are rectangular, the piezoelectric material is piezoelectric ceramic PZT-5H, and the base material is metal aluminum.
Wherein the material parameters of the PZT-5H are as follows: density pa＝ρs＝7700kg/m3Elastic modulus c1170.6GPa, piezoelectric constant d31＝－179×10-12m/V, dielectric constant ε33＝1.59×10-8F/m, the material parameters of the metal aluminum are as follows: density ph＝2700kg/m3Modulus of elasticity Eh＝71GPa。
The geometrical parameters of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam are as follows: the length l of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam unit is 0.14m, and the length l of the first subunit10.07m, length l of the second subunit20.07m, piezoelectric phononic crystal beam width b 0.025m, piezoelectric driver and sensor thickness ha＝hs0.0005m, substrate beam thickness hh＝0.001m。
Defining a feedback control factor g for a first controller and a second controller1And g2The ratio is η, and by giving different η, different vibration and wave propagation characteristics can be obtained.
In the case of a feedback control gain ratio eta of 0.02, i.e. g1＝1，g2In the case of 50, fig. 4 shows that there is a band gap in a specific frequency range and that the band gap is matched to the band gap range of the frequency response curve shown in fig. 5, and besides, it can be seen that there is a good control effect on the propagation of vibration and elastic waves in the band gap range. FIG. 6 further illustrates when g1When the gain ratio is 1, the influence of different control gain ratios on the band gap characteristic can be realized by adjusting different feedback control gains, and the active adjustment of the vibration and wave propagation characteristics of the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam can be realized.
The above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any way. All the technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A piezoelectric phononic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics, comprising:
the piezoelectric photonic crystal beam structure consists of a base material and a piezoelectric material, and the piezoelectric material is used as a piezoelectric driver and a piezoelectric sensor and is respectively and periodically arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the base beam; the piezoelectric driver is connected with the upper surface of the base body beam and used for providing driving voltage for the phonon crystal beam structure; the piezoelectric sensor is connected with the lower surface of the matrix beam and collects the voltage signal of the sensor on the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam in real time; the data acquisition unit transmits the voltage signal acquired by the piezoelectric sensor to the controller for processing; the controller processes the voltage signal according to an active control strategy of the controller to obtain a control voltage applied to the piezoelectric driver; the voltage amplifier amplifies the control voltage according to a control instruction sent by the controller, and applies the amplified control voltage to the piezoelectric driver.
2. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric phononic crystal beam is composed of a plurality of units, each unit is composed of a first subunit and a second subunit, and the first subunit and the second subunit are respectively connected with a first controller and a second controller.
3. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 2, wherein: the voltage obtained by the first controller is fed back to the piezoelectric driver on the first subunit; and the voltage obtained by the second controller is fed back to the piezoelectric driver on the second subunit.
4. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: the base material is a pure elastic material, and the piezoelectric material is a piezoelectric ceramic material.
5. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric material and the base material are connected in a surface bonding mode.
6. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric material and the base material have the same width; the piezoelectric driver and the piezoelectric sensor have the same thickness.
7. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric driver and sensor areas of the phononic crystal beam structure include rectangular/circular.
8. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 2, wherein: the data acquisition unit is respectively connected with a plurality of piezoelectric sensors in the phononic crystal beam structure through leads; and the voltage amplifier is respectively connected with the plurality of piezoelectric drivers in the phonon crystal beam structure through leads.
9. A piezoelectric photonic crystal beam for actively tuning vibration and wave propagation characteristics according to claim 2, wherein: the first piezoelectric sensor is sequentially connected with a first data collector, a first controller, a first voltage amplifier and a first piezoelectric driver through leads; and the second piezoelectric sensor is sequentially connected with a second data collector, a second controller, a second voltage amplifier and a second piezoelectric driver through a lead.
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