CN110439964B - Active and passive control technology for vibration of thin-wall component compounded by piezoelectric layer and damping layer - Google Patents

Active and passive control technology for vibration of thin-wall component compounded by piezoelectric layer and damping layer Download PDF

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CN110439964B
CN110439964B CN201910756298.1A CN201910756298A CN110439964B CN 110439964 B CN110439964 B CN 110439964B CN 201910756298 A CN201910756298 A CN 201910756298A CN 110439964 B CN110439964 B CN 110439964B
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thin
layer
vibration
piezoelectric ceramic
wall plate
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CN110439964A (en
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李炜炜
丛聪
朱清玉
韩锦桐
叶龙
王驰
陈希红
任云鹏
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Shenyang Zhizhen Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
    • F16L55/041—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids specially adapted for preventing vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/18—Control arrangements

Abstract

A piezoelectric and damping layer composite thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology is characterized in that a piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with a viscoelastic damping material layer, the viscoelastic damping material layer is connected with a thin-wall plate shell component, the thin-wall plate shell component is connected with a vibration sensing and data acquisition module, and the thin-wall plate shell component is connected with an active control module; the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is connected with the thin-wall plate shell component, the thin-wall plate shell component is connected with the A/D conversion acquisition card, and the A/D conversion acquisition card is connected with the computer control unit; the active control hardware system is connected with the active control software system; the piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with the voltage input and output card. The invention realizes the dynamic characteristics of the thin-wall plate shell component and the vibration active and passive combined control technology, optimizes the layout of the viscoelastic damping material and the piezoelectric ceramic composite structure, has good performance and complete functions, runs stably, and is applied to the technical field of fixed supporting devices of pipeline systems of aero-engines.

Description

Active and passive control technology for vibration of thin-wall component compounded by piezoelectric layer and damping layer
Technical Field
The invention relates to an active and passive control technology for vibration of a thin-wall component compounded by a piezoelectric layer and a damping layer in the technical field of vibration of thin-wall plate shell components of aerospace equipment, in particular to a vibration characteristic of a thin-wall plate shell component compounded by a piezoelectric ceramic layer and a viscoelastic damping material layer, and an active and passive control application technology and system thereof.
Background
At present, the thin-wall plate shell component is widely applied to aerospace equipment such as an aircraft air inlet duct wall plate, a thin-wall case of an engine, a rocket or missile body structure and the like due to the light weight and better bearing capacity. However, the plate shell structure effectively meets the requirement of light weight of aerospace, and simultaneously brings a series of new problems for design, manufacture and use of the structure, wherein the vibration problem of the flexible thin-wall plate shell structure is very prominent.
The thin-wall plate shell component has the characteristics of large span and low rigidity, and because the low-order frequency of the thin-wall plate shell component is very small, the attenuation term changes slowly along with time, the large vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component lasts for a long time, and the precision and the service life of the spacecraft can be reduced even the structure is damaged when the spacecraft is serious, so that the safety of the spacecraft structure is threatened. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to conduct research on vibration suppression of the thin-walled plate shell member.
Most of the prior art focuses on the vibration damping mechanism of the viscoelastic constrained layer damping material or the active control of the plate shell structure, and combines the two, so that the technology for combining the viscoelastic constrained layer damping and the active vibration control is less.
Patent No. 201210179603.3 discloses a self-preheating laser-formed ZrO2-Al2O3The difference of the preparation method of the Z composite ceramic thin-wall part is that the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping layer composite structure are used for an actuating element and are used for active vibration suppression.
Patent No. 201320608179.X discloses a thin-walled short column shell for an engine with a vibration effect, which is the effect of a viscoelastic damping layer acting alone. The solar wing is different from the thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology, the thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology is the effect of the composite action of a piezoelectric ceramic layer and a viscoelastic damping layer, and the solar wing has the characteristic of broadband vibration;
therefore, the development of a thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology combining piezoelectric and damping layers is a new problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration active and passive control technology of a thin-wall component compounded by piezoelectric and damping layers, which aims to solve the problems of nonlinear vibration and low-frequency vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a piezoelectric and damping layer composite thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology comprises a piezoelectric ceramic layer, a viscoelastic damping material layer, a thin-wall plate shell component, a vibration sensing and data acquisition module and an active control module, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with the viscoelastic damping material layer which is connected with the thin-wall plate shell component, the thin-wall plate shell component is connected with the vibration sensing and data acquisition module, and the thin-wall plate shell component is connected with the active control module; the vibration data acquisition module consists of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, an A/D conversion acquisition card and a computer control unit, wherein the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is connected with a thin-wall plate shell component, the thin-wall plate shell component is connected with the A/D conversion acquisition card, and the A/D conversion acquisition card is connected with the computer control unit; the active control module consists of an active control hardware system and an active control software system, and the active control hardware system is connected with the active control software system; the active control hardware system consists of a piezoelectric ceramic layer, a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a voltage input/output card and a voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with the voltage input/output card, the voltage input/output card is connected with the voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer, and the voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor; the active control software system consists of a signal filtering module, a signal processing module, a control algorithm module and an overload protection and signal output module, wherein the signal filtering module is connected with the signal processing module, the signal processing module is connected with the control algorithm module, and the control algorithm module is connected with the overload protection and signal output module;
the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is adhered to the surface of the thin-wall component and used for picking up a voltage signal of the thin-wall component in a vibration state, the voltage signal passing through the voltage input and output card is transmitted to the computer control unit for inversion processing, and the processed voltage signal is amplified by the piezoelectric ceramic layer driving voltage amplifier and then acts on the piezoelectric ceramic layer to realize the action of the thin-wall component; the A/D conversion data acquisition card performs analog-to-digital conversion on a voltage signal picked up by the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, band-pass filtering on a signal in a certain frequency domain is realized through the signal filtering module, the filtered signal can realize inversion and amplitude scaling through the signal processing module, then the processed voltage signal is transmitted to the actuator through the control algorithm module to realize active control, and the overload protection and signal output module can realize the overload protection of the piezoelectric ceramic piece;
the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer are compounded together and are adhered to the surface of the thin-wall plate shell component, acting force is generated through voltage regulation and control of the piezoelectric ceramic layer, the shearing deformation of the viscoelastic damping material layer is actively adjusted, the energy consumption of the viscoelastic damping material layer is increased, and the vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component is quickly attenuated; meanwhile, acting force generated by the piezoelectric ceramic layer is transmitted to act on the thin-wall plate shell component through the viscoelastic layer, specific modal rigidity of the thin-wall plate shell component is enhanced or set, and specific modal resonance or near resonance response of the thin-wall plate shell component is reduced; the method can realize effective control of random vibration in a plurality of harmonic vibration fixed frequencies and wide frequency ranges of the thin-wall plate shell component; the acceleration sensor is adhered to the surface of the thin-wall plate shell component and is used for monitoring the vibration signal of the thin-wall plate shell component in real time; the active control module calculates an input vibration signal, realizes control signal output through a control algorithm, amplifies voltage and acts on the piezoelectric ceramic layer to realize effective control on fixed frequency and broadband vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component;
the surface density of the viscoelastic damping material layer is 0.464kg/m2Tensile strength of 37.2MPa and elastic modulus of 23.5 GPa; the loss factor of the viscoelastic damping material is 0.025 at the temperature of 25-400 ℃ and within the range of 0-2000 Hz; is about 0.01 higher than the viscoelasticity damping material of the same kind; saidThe viscoelastic damping material has high damping characteristic in a wider temperature range, can resist the temperature of-80-350 ℃, and has stable damping capacity without degradation in the environment temperature range of-80-350 ℃; has the outstanding characteristics of corrosion resistance and oil resistance;
the piezoelectric strain constant d of the piezoelectric ceramic piece31、d33、d15Are 186X 10 respectively-12C/N、420×10-12C/N、660×10-12C/N; spring constant
Figure BDA0002168812810000041
Are respectively 15m2/N、5.3m2/N、25m2N; relative dielectric constant
Figure BDA0002168812810000042
Is 2200;
the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic layer is 1mm, the piezoelectric ceramic layer is uniformly distributed at the root part of the thin-wall plate shell component, the acting force generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic layer can be transmitted to the thin-wall plate shell component through the viscoelastic layer, the active control on the rigidity of the thin-wall plate shell component is realized, and the effective vibration reduction in the fixed frequency and wide frequency range of the thin-wall plate shell component is realized under different excitation forms; the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer are compounded and are adhered by using an adhesive; the composite multilayer structure is an active and passive control execution structure for the vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component;
the sticking positions of the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer are determined by the vibration characteristics of the thin-wall plate shell component and are stuck in a region with the maximum modal stress or response dynamic stress; optimizing the pasting position of the viscoelastic damping layer, the layout and the shape of the area where the viscoelastic damping layer is located and the material thickness by taking the first four-order modal loss factor of the weighting treatment of the thin-wall plate shell component as an optimization target and taking the surface area ratio of the viscoelastic damping material layer not more than 50% as a constraint condition; the voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer is used for amplifying a voltage output signal of the voltage input/output card, the amplification factor of the amplitude of the voltage of the driving power supply is 15 times, and the bandwidth of the no-load full amplitude is 1000 Hz;
the active control software system is additionally provided with a signal filtering module, so that the interference of sensing signals can be effectively reduced; the voltage sampling mode selects hardware timing single-point sampling, the hardware timing single-point sampling can realize continuous sampling or generate sampling, and the non-buffer hardware timing sampling is adopted, so that the time delay caused by data buffering can be eliminated; meanwhile, in order to ensure that the data input and the data output are synchronous, a clock and trigger can be shared among a plurality of tasks or equipment, and the data input and the data output are synchronous; and the active control software scales the peak-to-peak value of the output waveform through an amplitude reduction coefficient to realize the output of different voltages.
The key point of the invention lies in the structure and the function realized after the connection of all the components.
Compared with the prior art, the elastic hoop based on the viscoelastic polyurethane layer has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has the functions of realizing the dynamic characteristics of the thin-wall plate shell component and the technology of active and passive combined control of vibration, optimizing the layout of a viscoelastic damping material and piezoelectric ceramic composite structure, evaluating the vibration control effect by the quantity of piezoelectric materials, control voltage and the vibration excitation amplitude value borne by the thin-wall plate shell component, and the like, has good performance, complete functions and stable operation, and can be widely applied to the technical field of fixed supporting devices of pipeline systems of aero-engines.
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The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings, the active and passive control technology for the vibration of the thin-wall component with the composite piezoelectric and damping layers comprises a piezoelectric ceramic layer 1, a viscoelastic damping material layer 2, a thin-wall board shell component 3, a vibration sensing and data acquisition module 4 and an active control module 5, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 is connected with the viscoelastic damping material layer 2, the viscoelastic damping material layer 2 is connected with the thin-wall board shell component 3, the thin-wall board shell component 3 is connected with the vibration sensing and data acquisition module 4, and the thin-wall board shell component 3 is connected with the active control module 5; the vibration data acquisition module 4 consists of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor 6, an A/D conversion acquisition card 7 and a computer control unit 8, wherein the piezoelectric acceleration sensor 6 is connected with a thin-wall board shell component 3, the thin-wall board shell component 3 is connected with the A/D conversion acquisition card 7, and the A/D conversion acquisition card 7 is connected with the computer control unit 8; the active control module 5 consists of an active control hardware system 9 and an active control software system 10, and the active control hardware system 9 is connected with the active control software system 10; the active control hardware system 9 consists of a piezoelectric ceramic layer 1, a piezoelectric ceramic sensor 17, a voltage input/output card 11 and a piezoelectric ceramic layer driving voltage amplifier 12, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 is connected with the voltage input/output card 11, the voltage input/output card 11 is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic layer driving voltage amplifier 12, and the piezoelectric ceramic layer driving voltage amplifier 12 is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 17; the active control software system 10 is composed of a signal filtering module 13, a signal processing module 14, a control algorithm module 15 and an overload protection and signal output module 16, wherein the signal filtering module 13 is connected with the signal processing module 14, the signal processing module 14 is connected with the control algorithm module 15, and the control algorithm module 15 is connected with the overload protection and signal output module 16.
The piezoelectric ceramic sensor 17 is adhered to the surface of the thin-wall component and used for picking up a voltage signal of the thin-wall component in a vibration state, the voltage signal passing through the voltage input/output card 11 is transmitted to the computer control unit 8 for inversion processing, and the processed voltage signal is amplified by the piezoelectric ceramic layer driving voltage amplifier 12 and then acts on the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 to realize the action on the thin-wall component; the A/D conversion data acquisition card 7 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage signal picked up by the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 17, band-pass filtering on a signal in a certain frequency domain is realized through the signal filtering module 13, the filtered signal can realize inversion and amplitude scaling through the signal processing module 14, then the processed voltage signal is transmitted to the actuator through the control algorithm module 15 to realize active control, and the overload protection and signal output module 16 can realize the overload protection of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
The piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 and the viscoelastic damping material layer 2 are compounded together and are adhered to the surface of the thin-wall plate shell component 3, acting force is generated through voltage regulation and control of the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1, the shearing deformation of the viscoelastic damping material layer 2 is actively adjusted, the energy consumption of the viscoelastic damping material layer 2 is increased, and the rapid attenuation of the vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 is realized; meanwhile, acting force generated by the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 is transmitted through the viscoelastic layer 2 and acts on the thin-wall plate shell component 3, specific modal rigidity of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 is enhanced or set, and specific modal resonance or near resonance response of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 is reduced; the method can realize effective control of random vibration in a plurality of harmonic vibration fixed frequencies and wide frequency ranges of the thin-wall plate shell component 3; the acceleration sensor 6 is adhered to the surface of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 and is used for monitoring the vibration signal of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 in real time; the active control module 5 calculates the input vibration signal, realizes control signal output through a control algorithm, amplifies the voltage and acts on the piezoelectric ceramic layer, and realizes effective control of fixed-frequency and broadband vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component 3.
The surface density of the viscoelastic damping material layer 2 is 0.464kg/m2Tensile strength of 37.2MPa and elastic modulus of 23.5 GPa; the loss factor of the viscoelastic damping material is 0.025 at the temperature of 25-400 ℃ and within the range of 0-2000 Hz; is about 0.01 higher than the viscoelasticity damping material of the same kind; the viscoelastic damping material has high damping characteristic in a wide temperature range, can resist the temperature of-80-350 ℃, and has stable damping capacity without degradation in the environment temperature range of-80-350 ℃; has the outstanding characteristics of corrosion resistance and oil resistance.
The piezoelectric strain constant d of the piezoelectric ceramic piece 131、d33、d15Are 186X 10 respectively-12C/N、420×10- 12C/N、660×10-12C/N; spring constant
Figure BDA0002168812810000071
Are respectively 15m2/N、5.3m2/N、25m2N; relative dielectric constant
Figure BDA0002168812810000072
Is 2200.
The thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 is 1mm, the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 is uniformly distributed at the root of the thin-wall plate shell component 3, the acting force generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 can be transmitted to the thin-wall plate shell component 3 through the viscoelastic layer 2, the active control on the rigidity of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 is realized, and the effective vibration reduction in the fixed frequency and wide frequency range of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 is realized under different excitation forms; the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 and the viscoelastic damping material layer 2 are compounded and adhered by using an adhesive; the composite multilayer structure is an active and passive control execution structure for the vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component 3.
The sticking positions of the piezoelectric ceramic layer 1 and the viscoelastic damping material layer 2 are determined by the vibration characteristics of the thin-wall plate shell component 3 and are stuck in a region with the maximum modal stress or response dynamic stress; optimizing the pasting position of the viscoelastic damping layer, the layout and the shape of the area where the viscoelastic damping layer is located and the material thickness by taking the first four-order modal loss factor of the weighting treatment of the thin-wall plate shell component as an optimization target and taking the surface area ratio of the viscoelastic damping material layer not more than 50% as a constraint condition; the piezoelectric ceramic layer driving voltage amplifier 12 is used for amplifying a voltage output signal (0-10V) of the voltage input/output card 11, the amplitude amplification factor of the driving power supply voltage is 15 times, and the no-load full-amplitude bandwidth is 1000 Hz.
The active control software system 10 is additionally provided with a signal filtering module 13, so that the interference of sensing signals can be effectively reduced; the voltage sampling mode selects hardware timing single-point sampling, the hardware timing single-point sampling can realize continuous sampling or generate sampling, and the non-buffer hardware timing sampling is adopted, so that the time delay caused by data buffering can be eliminated; meanwhile, in order to ensure that the data input and the data output are synchronous, a clock and trigger can be shared among a plurality of tasks or equipment, and the data input and the data output are synchronous; and the active control software scales the peak-to-peak value of the output waveform through an amplitude reduction coefficient to realize the output of different voltages.
The first embodiment is as follows: application of piezoelectric and damping layer composite thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology in aviation hydraulic pipeline vibration reduction
An application of a piezoelectric and damping layer composite thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology in aviation hydraulic pipeline vibration reduction. When the device is used, the piezoelectric ceramics and the viscoelastic materials are pasted on a pipeline, and the output of voltage is controlled by adjusting the controller, so that the aim frequency and broadband vibration of the aviation hydraulic pipeline are inhibited.
The problem of pipeline vibration is a significant problem to be faced when improving the stability and reliability of a hydraulic pipeline system. The hydraulic pipeline system is mainly subjected to vibration excitation modes as follows: the vibration excitation of an actuator in a hydraulic system, the pulse excitation of fluid output by a hydraulic pump, and the pulse impact caused by frequent actions of elements such as a hydraulic valve. The hydraulic pipeline can cause forced vibration of the pipeline under the excitation mode, and when the excitation frequency is close to the modal frequency of the pipeline, the pipeline can generate resonance, so that the pipeline is damaged, and the pipeline system is in failure. The piezoelectric ceramics and the viscoelastic materials are adhered to the outer surface of the pipeline, and the output of voltage is controlled by adjusting the controller, so that the vibration of the aviation hydraulic pipeline is effectively inhibited.
The test result shows that: under different excitation forms, the vibration active and passive control technology of the thin-wall plate shell component compounded by the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer can achieve a good vibration reduction effect, the maximum amplitude of the vibration acceleration of the pipeline can be reduced by more than 40%, and compared with a middle damping structure, the root part is bonded to achieve a better vibration reduction effect. The influence of different structural parameters, control parameters and excitation amplitudes on vibration control is analyzed. The results show that: under a certain excitation condition, in order to increase the vibration reduction effect, the control voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic layer can be properly improved, the quantity of piezoelectric materials can be increased, and the pasting positions of the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic layer can be reasonably optimized.
Example two: application of piezoelectric and damping layer composite thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology in spacecraft solar wing vibration reduction
An application of a piezoelectric and damping layer composite thin-wall component vibration active and passive control technology in spacecraft solar wing vibration reduction. When the piezoelectric ceramic and the viscoelastic material are applied, the piezoelectric ceramic and the viscoelastic material are adhered to the surface of the solar wing thin plate, and the output of voltage is controlled by adjusting the controller, so that the low-frequency vibration of the solar wing thin plate component is suppressed.
The development trend of large-scale, light and low rigidity of various spacecrafts puts higher requirements on the structural design and safe operation of the spacecrafts, the large-scale structure can increase the functions of the space structure, for example, a larger solar wing sail plate can provide more sufficient energy for the space structure, but a series of new problems are brought to the design, manufacture and use of the structure, and the problem of vibration suppression of the large-scale flexible structure is very prominent. The solar wing has the characteristics of large span and low rigidity, and because the low-order frequency of the solar wing is very small, the attenuation term changes slowly along with time, once the solar wing is subjected to the action of certain excitation force when running in the outer space, the large-amplitude vibration of the solar wing lasts for a long time. The problems of stability of the attitude, orientation precision and the like of the space structure are influenced, the service life of the space vehicle is reduced even the structure is damaged in serious conditions, and the safety of the space vehicle structure is threatened. Piezoelectric ceramics and viscoelastic materials are adhered to the root of the solar wing, and the low-frequency vibration of the solar wing is suppressed by adjusting the output of the voltage controlled by the controller.
The test result shows that: in a certain vibration range, the vibration active and passive control technology of the thin-wall plate shell component compounded by the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer has an obvious effect of inhibiting the vibration of the solar wing, and the vibration attenuation effect reaches more than 30%.

Claims (7)

1. A method for actively and passively controlling vibration of a thin-wall component compounded by piezoelectric and damping layers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the control device comprises a piezoelectric ceramic layer, a viscoelastic damping material layer, a thin-wall plate shell component, a vibration sensing and data acquisition module and an active control module, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with the viscoelastic damping material layer; the vibration sensing and data acquisition module consists of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, an A/D conversion acquisition card and a computer control unit, wherein the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is connected with a thin-wall plate shell component, the thin-wall plate shell component is connected with the A/D conversion acquisition card, and the A/D conversion acquisition card is connected with the computer control unit; the active control module consists of an active control hardware system and an active control software system, and the active control hardware system is connected with the active control software system; the active control hardware system consists of a piezoelectric ceramic layer, a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a voltage input/output card and a voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with the voltage input/output card, the voltage input/output card is connected with the voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer, and the voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor; the active control software system consists of a signal filtering module, a signal processing module, a control algorithm module and an overload protection and signal output module, wherein the signal filtering module is connected with the signal processing module, the signal processing module is connected with the control algorithm module, and the control algorithm module is connected with the overload protection and signal output module; the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer are compounded together and are adhered to the surface of the thin-wall plate shell component, acting force is generated through voltage regulation and control of the piezoelectric ceramic layer, the shearing deformation of the viscoelastic damping material layer is actively adjusted, the energy consumption of the viscoelastic damping material layer is increased, and the vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component is quickly attenuated; meanwhile, acting force generated by the piezoelectric ceramic layer is transmitted to act on the thin-wall plate shell component through the viscoelastic layer, specific modal rigidity of the thin-wall plate shell component is enhanced or set, and specific modal resonance or near resonance response of the thin-wall plate shell component is reduced; the method can realize effective control of random vibration in a plurality of harmonic vibration fixed frequencies and wide frequency ranges of the thin-wall plate shell component; the acceleration sensor is adhered to the surface of the thin-wall plate shell component and is used for monitoring the vibration signal of the thin-wall plate shell component in real time; the active control module is used for calculating an input vibration signal, realizing control signal output through a control algorithm, amplifying voltage and acting on the piezoelectric ceramic layer, and realizing effective control on fixed frequency and broadband vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component.
2. The active and passive control method for vibration of the thin-walled component compounded by the piezoelectric layer and the damping layer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is adhered to the surface of the thin-wall component and used for picking up a voltage signal of the thin-wall component in a vibration state, the voltage signal passing through the voltage input and output card is transmitted to the computer control unit for inversion processing, and the processed voltage signal is amplified by the piezoelectric ceramic layer driving voltage amplifier and then acts on the piezoelectric ceramic layer to realize the action of the thin-wall component; the A/D conversion data acquisition card performs analog-to-digital conversion on a voltage signal picked up by the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, band-pass filtering of a signal in a certain frequency domain is realized through the signal filtering module, the filtered signal can realize inversion and amplitude scaling through the signal processing module, then the processed voltage signal is transmitted to the actuator through the control algorithm module to realize active control, and overload protection and signal output module can realize overload protection of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
3. The active and passive control method for vibration of the thin-walled component compounded by the piezoelectric layer and the damping layer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the surface density of the viscoelastic damping material layer is 0.464kg/m2Tensile strength of 37.2MPa and elastic modulus of 23.5 GPa; the loss factor of the viscoelastic damping material is 0.025 at the temperature of 25-400 ℃ and within the range of 0-2000 Hz; the viscoelastic damping material has high damping characteristic in a wide temperature range, can resist the temperature of-80-350 ℃, and has stable damping capacity without degradation in the environment temperature range of-80-350 ℃; has the outstanding characteristics of corrosion resistance and oil resistance.
4. The active and passive control method for vibration of the thin-walled component compounded by the piezoelectric layer and the damping layer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the piezoelectric strain constants d31, d33 and d15 of the piezoelectric ceramic plate are 186 multiplied by 10 < -12 > C/N, 420 multiplied by 10 < -12 > C/N and 660 multiplied by 10 < -12 > C/N respectively; the elastic constants are respectively 15m2/N, 5.3m2/N and 25m 2/N; the relative dielectric constant was 2200.
5. The active and passive control method for vibration of the thin-walled component compounded by the piezoelectric layer and the damping layer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic layer is 1mm, the piezoelectric ceramic layer is uniformly distributed at the root part of the thin-wall plate shell component, the acting force generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic layer can be transmitted to the thin-wall plate shell component through the viscoelastic layer, the active control on the rigidity of the thin-wall plate shell component is realized, and the effective vibration reduction in the fixed frequency and wide frequency range of the thin-wall plate shell component is realized under different excitation forms; the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer are compounded and are adhered by using an adhesive; the composite multilayer structure is an active and passive control execution structure for the vibration of the thin-wall plate shell component.
6. The active and passive control method for vibration of the thin-walled component compounded by the piezoelectric layer and the damping layer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the sticking positions of the piezoelectric ceramic layer and the viscoelastic damping material layer are determined by the vibration characteristics of the thin-wall plate shell component and are stuck in a region with the maximum modal stress or response dynamic stress; optimizing the pasting position of the viscoelastic damping layer, the layout and the shape of the area where the viscoelastic damping layer is located and the material thickness by taking the first four-order modal loss factor of the weighting treatment of the thin-wall plate shell component as an optimization target and taking the surface area ratio of the viscoelastic damping material layer not more than 50% as a constraint condition; the voltage amplifier for driving the piezoelectric ceramic layer is used for amplifying a voltage output signal of a voltage input/output card, the amplification factor of the amplitude of the voltage of a driving power supply is 15 times, and the bandwidth of the no-load full amplitude is 1000 Hz.
7. The active and passive control method for vibration of the thin-walled component compounded by the piezoelectric layer and the damping layer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the active control software system is additionally provided with a signal filtering module, so that the interference of sensing signals can be effectively reduced; the voltage sampling mode selects hardware timing single-point sampling, the hardware timing single-point sampling can realize continuous sampling or generate sampling, and the non-buffer hardware timing sampling is adopted, so that the time delay caused by data buffering can be eliminated; meanwhile, in order to ensure that the data input and the data output are synchronous, a clock and trigger can be shared among a plurality of tasks or equipment, and the data input and the data output are synchronous; and the active control software scales the peak-to-peak value of the output waveform through an amplitude reduction coefficient to realize the output of different voltages.
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