CN112731095B - IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating sensor - Google Patents
IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating sensors, which comprises two fiber grating sensors and a fiber grating demodulator, wherein each fiber grating sensor comprises an optical fiber and a capillary glass tube, a section of fiber grating is engraved on the optical fiber, the capillary glass tube is coaxially sleeved outside the fiber grating, two ends of the fiber grating are bonded with the optical fiber into a whole through a colloid, the fiber grating is positioned at the center of the capillary glass tube, one fiber grating sensor is bonded on the surface of an IGBT chip of an IGBT power module, the other fiber grating sensor is bonded on the surface of a diode of the IGBT power module, and the two fiber grating sensors are connected with the fiber grating demodulator; the signal processing module in the fiber grating demodulator is programmed to perform the junction temperature monitoring step. The method can solve the problems that the IGBT junction temperature monitoring result is inaccurate and a monitoring system has no redundancy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to junction temperature monitoring of an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), in particular to an IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on a fiber grating sensor.
Background
The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) has the advantages of low saturation voltage, high current-carrying density, high switching speed and the like, is a semiconductor high-power device applied to many fields, and has many applications in the fields of alternating current motors, frequency converters, switching power supplies and the like. However, with the complexity of application scenes and working conditions, the stability requirements of various fields on the IGBT are higher and higher, so that the work of researching the reliability of the IGBT is very important. The main reason for causing the failure of the IGBT is the fast switching of large current and high voltage for a long time, and the extreme working condition can cause the working temperature to be overhigh and the temperature rise speed to be overhigh. Too high an operating temperature can cause breakdown of the IGBT chip, and the accumulated thermally induced mechanical stress can also cause many failures such as bond wire detachment, solder fatigue, and aluminum corrosion; however, due to the existence of high voltage and large current, the monitoring scheme of the junction temperature of the IGBT has more problems.
The existing IGBT junction temperature monitoring method mainly comprises a thermocouple method, an electrical parameter method and an infrared thermal imaging detection method. The thermocouple method and the electrical parameter method are traditional electrical methods, are very easily interfered by an electromagnetic field generated by fast switching of the IGBT, cause deviation of measurement results and are difficult to work stably for a long time. In the infrared thermal imaging detection method, if the temperature difference of an object to be detected is not too large, the contrast of a measurement result is reduced, and the resolution capability is also deteriorated; and thermal imaging equipment cannot be adopted to monitor the temperature of the IGBT constantly in a specific application scene.
CN109269667A discloses a novel IGBT device with a real-time temperature monitoring system and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein an epoxy adhesive is used to wrap the whole fiber grating temperature measurement part, and then the temperature measurement device is placed into an oven for curing. CN109443589A discloses an IGBT module and a temperature monitoring system of the IGBT module, in which an optical fiber is laid on an IGBT body, and then a fiber grating is correspondingly fixed in the center of the surface of each heating element through a high temperature resistant optical silica gel. According to the Bragg reflection condition, when a beam of broadband light enters the fiber grating, the fiber grating can select light with a certain specific wavelength and reflect the light along the original path, and the rest light is transmitted out of the fiber. The wavelength of the reflected light is called the center wavelength, which shifts with environmental stress or temperature. When the fiber grating demodulator (also called fiber demodulation system) is used to monitor the deviation of the central wavelength, the corresponding stress or temperature applied to the fiber grating can be converted. However, this poses certain problems for the measurement. In practical application, the fiber grating sensor usually works in the situation of temperature and strain interweaving influence, the contribution amounts of the temperature and the strain to the central wavelength shift cannot be respectively identified by a general demodulation system, and the condition is called as temperature strain cross sensitivity in engineering. The fiber bragg grating temperature measurement modes mentioned in the two documents are that the fiber bragg grating is coated with silica gel and is adhered to an IGBT chip of an IGBT power module, when the IGBT power module (comprising the IGBT chip, a diode, a copper plate and the like) works, the temperature of the IGBT chip rises, and the temperature of the fiber bragg grating rises along with the rise of the silica gel, but the fiber bragg grating is subjected to axial stress due to the fact that the silica gel adhered with the fiber bragg grating is different from the thermal expansion coefficient of a substrate of the IGBT chip to be measured, the fiber bragg grating is affected by 'temperature strain cross sensitivity', and the temperature measurement result of the IGBT chip area is inaccurate; in addition, if the fiber grating sensor for measuring one IGBT power module breaks down, the temperature monitoring system can not continue to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on a fiber grating sensor, so as to solve the problems that the IGBT junction temperature monitoring result is inaccurate and the monitoring system has no redundancy.
The IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on the fiber bragg grating sensors comprises two fiber bragg grating sensors and a fiber bragg grating demodulator, wherein each fiber bragg grating sensor comprises an optical fiber and a capillary glass tube, a section of fiber bragg grating is engraved on the optical fiber, the capillary glass tube is coaxially sleeved outside the fiber bragg grating, two ends of the capillary glass tube are bonded with the optical fiber into a whole through a colloid, the fiber bragg grating is positioned in the center of the capillary glass tube, one fiber bragg grating sensor is bonded on the surface of an IGBT chip of an IGBT power module, the other fiber bragg grating sensor is bonded on the surface of a diode of the IGBT power module, and the two fiber bragg grating sensors are connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator; the signal processing module in the fiber grating demodulator is programmed to perform the following steps:
and step one, enabling the abnormal times of the temperature difference of the IGBT power module to be equal to zero, starting timing, and then executing step two.
And step two, collecting signals of the two fiber bragg grating sensors, carrying out analytic calculation to obtain two paths of temperature signals, and then executing step three.
And step three, judging whether the numerical values of the two paths of temperature signals exceed the measuring range of the fiber bragg grating sensor, if so, executing the step four, otherwise, executing the step five.
Outputting two fiber bragg grating sensors to detect faults, and then finishing; when the fiber grating sensor has a detection fault, the detection value of the fiber grating sensor is represented by the fact that the signal output by the fiber grating sensor exceeds the measuring range of the fiber grating sensor. The numerical value overrange of one path of temperature signal indicates that the corresponding fiber grating sensor has a detection fault (namely, the fiber grating sensor is broken), and the numerical value overrange of the two paths of temperature signals indicates that both the two fiber grating sensors have the detection fault (namely, the two fiber grating sensors are broken).
And step five, judging whether the numerical value of one path of temperature signal exceeds the measuring range of the fiber bragg grating sensor, if so, executing the step six, otherwise, executing the step seven.
And step six, judging whether the value of the other path of temperature signal is greater than a preset temperature alarm threshold value, if so, executing step ten, otherwise, returning to execute step two.
And seventhly, judging whether the absolute value of the difference between the numerical values of the two temperature signals is smaller than or equal to a preset temperature difference threshold value, if so, executing a step eight, and otherwise, executing a step eleven.
And step eight, averaging the two paths of sensor temperature signals to obtain a temperature average value, and then executing the step nine.
And step nine, judging whether the temperature average value is larger than a preset temperature alarm threshold value, if so, executing the step ten, otherwise, returning to execute the step two.
Step ten, outputting the temperature overrun fault of the IGBT power module, and then ending.
Step eleven, adding 1 to the temperature difference abnormal times of the IGBT power module, and then executing step twelve.
And step twelve, judging whether the timing time reaches a preset counting period, if so, executing the step thirteen, otherwise, returning to execute the step two.
And thirteen, judging whether the temperature difference abnormal times of the IGBT power module are larger than or equal to a preset time threshold, if so, executing a fourteen step, otherwise, returning to execute the first step.
And step fourteen, outputting abnormal operation faults of the IGBT power module, and then finishing.
Preferably, the colloid is high-temperature-resistant silica gel.
Preferably, the preset temperature difference threshold is 5 ℃, the preset time threshold is 10, the preset temperature alarm threshold is 95 ℃, and the preset counting period is 200ms.
Preferably, the fiber grating sensor is manufactured in the following manner:
firstly, a section of fiber grating is inscribed on the optical fiber, and the fiber grating has temperature sensitivity.
And secondly, selecting a proper capillary glass tube according to the length and width of the IGBT chip and the diode.
And thirdly, selecting high-temperature-resistant silica gel as colloid.
And fourthly, penetrating a part of the optical fiber through the capillary glass tube, and ensuring that the fiber grating engraved on the optical fiber is positioned in the center of the capillary glass tube.
And fifthly, uniformly coating a colloid in one end part of the capillary glass tube, and standing for a preset first time.
Sixthly, when the preset first time is reached, tensioning the optical fiber, uniformly coating the colloid in the other end part of the capillary glass tube, and then standing for the preset first time.
And seventhly, after the preset first time is reached, integrally placing the coated fiber grating sensor in a temperature box, heating according to the preset temperature, and maintaining the preset second time after the temperature box reaches the preset temperature.
And eighthly, taking the fiber grating sensor out of the temperature box, and finishing the manufacture of the fiber grating sensor.
Preferably, the preset temperature is 60 ℃, the preset first time is 15 minutes, and the preset second time is 2 hours.
The invention has the following effects:
(1) The fiber bragg grating is packaged and isolated by utilizing the capillary glass tube, the fiber bragg grating is not directly adhered to the surface of the IGBT chip and the surface of the diode, stress influence is eliminated, the problem of temperature strain cross sensitivity is solved, the fiber bragg grating is only influenced by temperature in the working process of the IGBT power module, and the accuracy of junction temperature monitoring is ensured.
(2) Theoretically, the temperature of the surface of an IGBT chip of the IGBT power module and the temperature of the surface of a diode should be kept consistent, two fiber grating sensors are respectively adhered to the surface of the IGBT chip and the surface of the diode and are used for respectively detecting the temperature of the surface of the IGBT chip and the temperature of the surface of the diode, so that a redundant design is realized, when one fiber grating sensor fails, the other fiber grating sensor can maintain the continuous operation of an IGBT junction temperature monitoring system, and the problems that one fiber grating sensor fails and the whole monitoring system is broken down in a single fiber grating sensor measuring scheme are solved. In addition, if the temperature difference acquired by the two fiber grating sensors is too large and the times are more, an abnormal operation fault of the IGBT power module can be output, and because the temperature of the IGBT chip is equivalent to the temperature of the diode under the condition of normal operation of the IGBT power module, the temperature difference monitoring must be carried out through the two fiber grating sensors to determine whether the abnormal operation fault of the IGBT power module (such as normal operation of the IGBT chip, abnormal operation of the diode or normal operation of the diode, and abnormal operation of the IGBT chip) occurs or not, and the fault cannot be monitored by adopting one fiber grating sensor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fiber grating sensor according to this embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of two fiber grating sensors of this embodiment respectively adhered to the surface of the IGBT chip and the surface of the diode of the IGBT power module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between two fiber grating sensors and a fiber grating demodulator in this embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a processing flow chart of the signal processing module in the fiber grating demodulator according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the IGBT power module includes a bonding wire 8, an IGBT chip 3, a diode 4 (which is a semiconductor diode), a copper plate 7, a DCB substrate 6, and a heat dissipation substrate 9. The fiber grating demodulator 2 comprises a broadband light source, an optical isolator, an optical circulator, a photoelectric converter, a peak wavelength display module and a signal processing module, and the hardware structure of the fiber grating demodulator 2 is the prior art.
The IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating sensors shown in fig. 1 to 4 is used for monitoring the IGBT junction temperature of an IGBT power module, and includes two fiber grating sensors 1 and a fiber grating demodulator 2, each fiber grating sensor 1 includes an optical fiber 11 and a capillary glass tube 12, a section of fiber grating 13 is inscribed on the optical fiber 11, the capillary glass tube 12 is coaxially sleeved outside the fiber grating 13, two ends of the capillary glass tube 12 are bonded with the optical fiber 11 into a whole through a colloid 14, the colloid 14 is a high temperature resistant silica gel, and the fiber grating 13 is located at the center of the capillary glass tube 12. The fiber grating sensor 1 is manufactured as follows:
in a first step, a fiber grating 13 is written on the optical fiber 11, and the fiber grating 13 has temperature sensitivity.
And secondly, selecting a proper capillary glass tube 12 according to the length and width of the IGBT chip 3 and the diode 4, wherein the capillary glass tube is generally customized and has the characteristics of thin wall thickness and good heat conductivity.
And thirdly, selecting high-temperature-resistant silica gel as the colloid 14.
The fourth step is to pass a part of the optical fiber 11 through the capillary glass tube 12 and to ensure that the fiber grating 13 inscribed on the optical fiber 11 is positioned at the center of the capillary glass tube 12.
And fifthly, uniformly coating the colloid 14 in one end part of the capillary glass tube 12, and standing for a preset first time (such as 15 minutes).
Sixthly, after 15 minutes, tensioning the optical fiber 11, uniformly coating the colloid 14 in the other end part of the capillary glass tube 12, and then standing for 15 minutes.
And seventhly, after 15 minutes, putting the coated fiber grating sensor in a temperature box integrally, heating according to the temperature of 60 ℃, and maintaining for a preset second time (for example, 2 hours) after the temperature box reaches 60 ℃ so that the package of the fiber grating sensor tends to be thermally stable.
And eighthly, taking the fiber grating sensor 1 out of the temperature box, and finishing the manufacture of the fiber grating sensor 1.
After the fiber grating sensor 1 is manufactured, the fiber grating sensor 1 needs to be calibrated, and the specific calibration method comprises the following steps:
firstly, putting the fiber grating sensor 1 and the NTC resistor into a temperature box, and connecting one end of the fiber grating sensor 1 extending out of the temperature box with a fiber grating demodulator 2.
And secondly, selecting 20 different temperatures, setting the temperature of the temperature box as the selected first temperature, and recording the temperature of the NTC resistor and the peak wavelength of the fiber grating sensor 1 after the temperature indication value of the NTC resistor is stable to obtain first temperature-peak wavelength data.
And thirdly, setting the temperature of the temperature box to be the next selected temperature, and recording the temperature of the NTC resistor and the peak wavelength of the fiber grating sensor 1 after the temperature indication value of the NTC resistor is stable to obtain the next temperature-peak wavelength data.
And fourthly, repeating the third step until 20 temperature-peak wavelength data are obtained, fitting the 20 temperature-peak wavelength data to obtain a fitting curve, and taking the slope of the fitting curve as the temperature compensation coefficient of the fiber grating sensor 1 so as to finish the calibration of the fiber grating sensor 1. After calibration is completed, the temperature compensation coefficient is written into the signal processing module of the fiber grating demodulator 2 for the signal processing module to use when analyzing and calculating to obtain a temperature signal.
As shown in fig. 2, the capillary glass tube 12 of one of the fiber grating sensors 1 is adhered to the surface of the IGBT chip 3 through the sensor fixing silica gel 5 (which is a high temperature resistant silica gel), and the capillary glass tube 12 of the other fiber grating sensor 1 is adhered to the surface of the diode 4 through the sensor fixing silica gel 5 (which is a high temperature resistant silica gel). The purpose of using two fiber grating sensors 1 is: firstly, redundancy is realized, and when one fiber grating sensor fails, the other fiber grating sensor can maintain the IGBT junction temperature monitoring system to continue to operate; and secondly, checking that the temperature of the surface of the IGBT chip is consistent with the temperature of the surface of the diode, if the temperature difference acquired by the two fiber bragg grating sensors is overlarge and the times are more, abnormal operation faults of the IGBT power module can be output. When the capillary glass tubes 12 of the two fiber grating sensors 1 are adhered, firstly, one fiber grating sensor 1 is adhered to the surface of the IGBT chip 3, the adhesive is high-temperature-resistant silica gel, and the adhesion is kept uniform in the adhering process; secondly, a fiber grating sensor 1 is pasted on the surface of the diode 4, high-temperature-resistant silica gel is selected as a pasting agent, and the pasting is kept uniform in the pasting process; then, the IGBT power modules with the two fiber bragg grating sensors 1 adhered to are placed in a temperature box, the temperature is maintained at 60 ℃, and then the IGBT power modules are taken out to enable the high-temperature-resistant silica gel to be fully cured.
The two fiber grating sensors 1 are respectively connected with two ports of the fiber grating demodulator 2. The signal processing module in the fiber grating demodulator 2 is programmed to perform the following steps:
and step one, enabling the abnormal times of the temperature difference of the IGBT power module to be equal to zero, starting timing, and then executing step two.
And step two, collecting signals of the two fiber bragg grating sensors, carrying out analytic calculation to obtain two paths of temperature signals, and then executing step three.
And step three, judging whether the numerical values of the two paths of temperature signals exceed the measuring range of the fiber bragg grating sensor, if so, executing the step four, otherwise, executing the step five.
And step four, outputting two fiber bragg grating sensors to detect faults, and then finishing.
And step five, judging whether the numerical value of one path of temperature signal exceeds the measuring range of the fiber bragg grating sensor, if so, executing the step six, otherwise, executing the step seven.
And step six, judging whether the numerical value of the other path of temperature signal is greater than 95 ℃, if so, executing step ten, otherwise, returning to execute step two.
And seventhly, judging whether the absolute value of the difference between the numerical values of the two temperature signals is less than or equal to 5 ℃, if so, executing a step eight, and otherwise, executing a step eleven.
And step eight, averaging the two paths of sensor temperature signals to obtain a temperature average value, and then executing the step nine.
And step nine, judging whether the average temperature value is greater than 95 ℃, if so, executing step ten, and otherwise, returning to execute step two.
Step ten, outputting the temperature overrun fault of the IGBT power module, and then finishing.
Step eleven, adding 1 to the temperature difference abnormal times of the IGBT power module, and then executing step twelve.
And step twelve, judging whether the timing time reaches 200ms, if so, executing the step thirteen, otherwise, returning to execute the step two.
And thirteen, judging whether the temperature difference abnormal times of the IGBT power module is more than or equal to 10, if so, executing a fourteenth step, otherwise, returning to execute the first step.
And step fourteen, outputting abnormal operation faults of the IGBT power module, and then finishing.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a IGBT junction temperature monitoring system based on fiber grating sensor, includes fiber grating sensor (1) and fiber grating demodulation appearance (2), its characterized in that: the IGBT power module comprises two fiber grating sensors (1), wherein each fiber grating sensor (1) comprises an optical fiber (11) and a capillary glass tube (12), a section of fiber grating (13) is engraved on the optical fiber (11), the capillary glass tube (12) is coaxially sleeved outside the fiber grating (13), two ends of the capillary glass tube are bonded with the optical fiber (11) into a whole through a colloid (14), the fiber grating (13) is positioned in the center of the capillary glass tube (12), one fiber grating sensor (1) is bonded on the surface of an IGBT chip (3) of the IGBT power module, the other fiber grating sensor (1) is bonded on the surface of a diode (4) of the IGBT power module, and the two fiber grating sensors (1) are connected with a fiber grating demodulator (2); the signal processing module in the fiber grating demodulator (2) is programmed to perform the following steps:
step one, enabling the abnormal times of the temperature difference of the IGBT power module to be equal to zero, starting timing, and then executing step two;
collecting signals of the two fiber bragg grating sensors, carrying out analytic calculation to obtain two paths of temperature signals, and then executing the step three;
step three, judging whether the numerical values of the two paths of temperature signals exceed the measuring range of the fiber bragg grating sensor, if so, executing the step four, otherwise, executing the step five;
step four, outputting two fiber bragg grating sensors to detect faults, and then finishing;
step five, judging whether the numerical value of one path of temperature signal exceeds the measuring range of the fiber bragg grating sensor, if so, executing the step six, otherwise, executing the step seven;
step six, judging whether the value of the other path of temperature signal is greater than a preset temperature alarm threshold value, if so, executing step ten, otherwise, returning to execute step two;
step seven, judging whether the absolute value of the difference between the numerical values of the two paths of temperature signals is less than or equal to a preset temperature difference threshold value, if so, executing the step eight, otherwise, executing the step eleven;
step eight, averaging the two paths of sensor temperature signals to obtain a temperature average value, and then executing the step nine;
step nine, judging whether the temperature average value is larger than a preset temperature alarm threshold value, if so, executing the step ten, otherwise, returning to execute the step two;
step ten, outputting the temperature overrun fault of the IGBT power module, and then ending;
step eleven, adding 1 to the temperature difference abnormal times of the IGBT power module, and then executing step twelve;
step twelve, judging whether the timing time reaches a preset counting period, if so, executing the step thirteen, otherwise, returning to execute the step two;
step thirteen, judging whether the temperature difference abnormal times of the IGBT power module are larger than or equal to a preset time threshold, if so, executing the step fourteen, otherwise, returning to execute the step one;
and step fourteen, outputting abnormal operation faults of the IGBT power module, and then finishing.
2. The fiber grating sensor-based IGBT junction temperature monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the colloid (14) is high-temperature-resistant silica gel.
3. The fiber grating sensor-based IGBT junction temperature monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the preset temperature difference threshold value is 5 ℃, the preset frequency threshold value is 10, the preset temperature alarm threshold value is 95 ℃, and the preset counting period is 200ms.
4. The fiber grating sensor-based IGBT junction temperature monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the fiber grating sensor (1) is manufactured in the following way:
firstly, a section of fiber grating (13) is engraved on an optical fiber (11), wherein the fiber grating (13) has temperature sensitivity;
secondly, selecting a proper capillary glass tube (12) according to the length and width of the IGBT chip (3) and the diode (4);
thirdly, selecting high-temperature-resistant silica gel as a colloid (14);
fourthly, a part of the optical fiber (11) passes through the capillary glass tube (12), and the fiber grating (13) engraved on the optical fiber (11) is ensured to be positioned at the center of the capillary glass tube (12);
fifthly, uniformly coating colloid (14) in one end part of the capillary glass tube (12), and standing for a preset first time;
sixthly, tensioning the optical fiber (11) when the preset first time is reached, uniformly coating a colloid (14) in the other end part of the capillary glass tube (12), and then standing for the preset first time;
seventhly, after the preset first time is reached, putting the coated fiber bragg grating sensor in a temperature box integrally, heating according to the preset temperature, and maintaining the preset second time after the temperature box reaches the preset temperature;
and eighthly, taking the fiber grating sensor out of the temperature box, and finishing the manufacture of the fiber grating sensor.
5. The fiber grating sensor-based IGBT junction temperature monitoring system of claim 4, wherein: the preset temperature is 60 ℃, the preset first time is 15 minutes, and the preset second time is 2 hours.
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| CN107702819A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-16 | 国网江苏省电力公司苏州供电公司 | A kind of temperature monitoring system based on fiber Bragg grating sensor |
| CN109269667A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2019-01-25 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | A kind of Novel IGBT device and preparation method thereof with real-time temperature test sytem |
| CN109786272A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-21 | 河南大学 | New IGBT encapsulating structure and packaging method with internal temp sensing function |
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| CN107702819A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-16 | 国网江苏省电力公司苏州供电公司 | A kind of temperature monitoring system based on fiber Bragg grating sensor |
| CN109269667A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2019-01-25 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | A kind of Novel IGBT device and preparation method thereof with real-time temperature test sytem |
| CN109786272A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-21 | 河南大学 | New IGBT encapsulating structure and packaging method with internal temp sensing function |
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