CN112729357A - Polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on Sagnac interferometer - Google Patents
Polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on Sagnac interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112729357A CN112729357A CN202011577724.4A CN202011577724A CN112729357A CN 112729357 A CN112729357 A CN 112729357A CN 202011577724 A CN202011577724 A CN 202011577724A CN 112729357 A CN112729357 A CN 112729357A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012742 biochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35322—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with one loop with several directions of circulation of the light, e.g. Sagnac interferometer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on a Sagnac interferometer, which is an optical fiber fluid sensing system and comprises a polished fiber, a microstructure fiber, a pressure device, a three-way pipe, an optical fiber coupler, a polarization controller, a super-continuous light source and a spectrometer. The polishing port of the polishing optical fiber is welded with the microstructure optical fiber to form a polishing optical fiber-microstructure optical fiber one-side polishing structure, and the polishing area of the polishing optical fiber is embedded in the three-way pipe; two interfaces at one end of the optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with the polishing and grinding optical fiber-microstructure optical fiber structure and the polarization controller, and two interfaces at the other end of the optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with the super-continuous light source and the spectrometer; the depth of the polishing and grinding area of the polishing and grinding optical fiber is flexible and controllable, the number of layers of the microstructure optical fiber fluid channel can be controlled by changing the polishing and grinding depth, the sensitivity characteristic of a system is influenced, the polishing and grinding technology is mature, the precision is high, the cost is low, and the optical fiber polishing and grinding device can be widely applied to the field of optical sensing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber fluid control, and particularly relates to a polished optical fiber-microstructure optical fiber fluid sensing system based on a Sagnac interferometer.
Background
The optical fiber microfluid control technology enables the functional material to flow in the optical fiber system and act with an optical field while flowing by building the fluid circulating device, so that the real-time monitoring of the fluid material is realized, and the optical fiber microfluid control technology can be widely applied to numerous fields such as biochemical analysis, environmental monitoring and the like.
The existing commercially available fiber optic fluid sensing systems mainly have the following structure: a section of single-mode optical fiber with an inclined angle on the end face is welded with a hollow optical fiber (or capillary tube) without an inclined angle on the end face, and a gap is reserved at the welding position by controlling welding parameters, so that the introduction and the discharge of a fluid material are realized. However, the opening effect of the optical fiber ribbon inclination angle welding depends on the polishing and grinding inclination angle of the optical fiber end surface, the discharge amount during welding, the alignment condition and the like, so that the stability is insufficient, the opening is small, and the flow velocity of fluid is limited to a certain extent; the fluid sensing system with the D-shaped PCF structure is utilized, the characteristic detection of the fluid sensing system is realized by filling the functional material into the exposed channel, but the fluid channel needs to be plated with a metal film at the early stage, and the process is complex; micro-pores at the inlet and the outlet of the surface of the optical fiber are etched to realize a micro-fluid channel, the channel is far away from the core, so that the detection sensitivity is not high, and the micro-processing technology needs high-precision positioning, so that the micro-processing technology is difficult to popularize; the photonic band gap type optical fiber fluid sensing system cannot detect the solution characteristics lower than the refractive index of the fiber core, so that the detection has certain limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. A polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on a Sagnac interferometer is provided. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Sagnac interferometer based polished fiber-microstructured fiber fluid sensing system, comprising: the device comprises a polishing optical fiber (1), a microstructure optical fiber (2), a three-way pipe (3), a pressure device (4), an optical fiber coupler (5), a polarization controller (6), a super-continuous light source (7) and a spectrometer (8), wherein a polishing port of the polishing optical fiber (1) is fused with the microstructure optical fiber (2) to form a polishing optical fiber-microstructure optical fiber one-side polishing structure, a polishing area of the polishing optical fiber (1) is embedded in the three-way pipe (3), parallel ends on two sides of the three-way pipe (3) are respectively connected with an unpolished area of the polishing optical fiber (1) and the microstructure optical fiber (2), and a vertical end is externally connected with the pressure device (4); two interfaces at one end of the optical fiber coupler (5) are respectively connected with a single-side polishing structure and a polarization controller (6) of a polishing optical fiber-micro-structure optical fiber, two interfaces at the other end of the optical fiber coupler (5) are respectively connected with a super-continuous light source (7) and a spectrometer (8), wherein the polishing optical fiber (1) is used for optical fiber fusion, an air hole in a cladding of the micro-structure optical fiber (2) is used for serving as a fluid channel, a three-way pipe (3) is used for leading in and leading out a fluid material, a pressure device (4) is used for adjusting the pressure in the three-way pipe, the optical fiber coupler (5) is used for branching and combining optical signals, the polarization controller (6) is used for adjusting the polarization state of the optical signals, the super-continuous light source (7) is used for emitting optical signals, and the spectrometer (8.
Furthermore, the polishing and grinding optical fiber (1) is made of a single-mode optical fiber through lateral polishing and grinding, and the end face of the optical fiber in the polishing and grinding area is D-shaped.
Further, the polishing and grinding optical fiber (1) is a common single-mode optical fiber and is laterally polished and ground, the polishing and grinding depth is 35um-65um, and the polishing and grinding length is more than or equal to 1 cm.
Further, the microstructure fiber (2) is a cladding distribution hexagonal regularly arranged air hole microstructure fiber.
Furthermore, when the microstructure optical fiber (2) is welded with the polished optical fiber (1), the alignment mode is fiber core butt joint, so that air holes in the cladding of the microstructure optical fiber (2) corresponding to the polished area are exposed.
Furthermore, the three-way pipe (3), the polishing optical fiber (1) and the microstructure optical fiber (2) are connected, sealing treatment is carried out at each interface of the external pressure device (4), and the pressure device (4) is subjected to pressurization and pressure reduction control, so that the introduction and the discharge of fluid materials are realized.
Furthermore, when fluid materials with different refractive indexes are filled in air holes of the micro-structured optical fiber (2), the micro-structured optical fiber (2) cannot meet the condition of absolute circular symmetry of the refractive indexes, asymmetry is introduced, and birefringence is obtained.
Furthermore, the polished fiber-microstructure fiber is connected into a Sagnac interferometer, the fiber coupler (5) separates two beams of light generated by light source incident light and transmitted in opposite directions, then a coherent spectrum is output at an emergent end, and detection of relevant physical characteristics including refractive index and concentration of a fluid material is realized by monitoring changes of interference peak wavelength.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the polishing depth and the polishing shape of the invention are flexible and controllable, and the range of the microstructure optical fiber cladding as a fluid channel can be controlled by adjusting the polishing shape and the depth of the polishing optical fiber, thereby realizing the selective filling of functional materials and generating birefringence with different sizes.
(2) Through the pressurization or depressurization operation of the external pressure device, the fluid sensing system is easy to realize the change of the fluid material, and the detection of different fluid materials can be realized without limitation on the refractive index of the fluid material.
(3) The optical fiber fluid sensing system has the advantages of high sensitivity, convenient manufacture, compact structure, small loss, insensitivity to environment, mature polishing technology and low cost. Therefore, the method can be applied to detection of relevant physical properties such as refractive index, concentration, temperature and the like of other fluid materials, and can be flexibly applied to various all-optical devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fluid control structure of a polished fiber-microstructured optical fiber according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polished fiber-microstructured fiber fluid sensing system according to the present invention, based on a Sagnac interferometer;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a polished fiber and a microstructured fiber structure;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the shift of transmission spectra as a function of refractive index, FIG. 4(a) is a transmission spectrum of a fluid material of different refractive index in an implementation, and FIG. 4(b) is a linearly fitted curve of wavelength response of selected observation points as a function of refractive index of the fluid material;
wherein, 1, polishing and grinding the optical fiber; 2. a microstructured optical fiber; 3. a three-way pipe; 4. a pressure device; 5. a fiber coupler; 6. a polarization controller; 7. a super-continuous light source; 8. a spectrometer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on a Sagnac interferometer is a fluid control system and comprises a polished fiber 1, a microstructure fiber 2, a three-way pipe 3, a pressure device 4, a fiber coupler 5, a polarization controller, a super-continuum light source 7 and a spectrometer 8. The polishing area of the polishing optical fiber shown in fig. 1 is embedded in a three-way pipe, the other end of the polishing optical fiber is connected with a microstructure optical fiber, and the vertical end of the three-way pipe is externally connected with a pressure device; as shown in fig. 2, two interfaces at the right end of the optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with the polishing optical fiber-microstructure optical fiber structure and the polarization controller, and two interfaces at the left end of the optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with the light source and the spectrometer;
the polishing and grinding optical fiber is manufactured by adopting a wheel type mechanical polishing and grinding method to perform lateral polishing and grinding, two ends of the single-mode optical fiber are fixed by utilizing a clamp, a roller with abrasive paper is used for axially grinding the middle part to remove part of cladding, and the end surface of the optical fiber in a polishing and grinding area is in a D shape; finally, high-pressure fire polishing treatment is carried out to ensure that the polished surface is smooth and uniform, so that the fracture of the polished area caused by fine cracks on the surface is prevented. The polishing and grinding depth is measured and calculated by combining a three-dimensional real-time diameter calibration system measured value and a power loss value of transmitted light so as to ensure the accuracy and controllability of the polishing and grinding depth; the polishing length is determined by the distance of the rotary grinding wheel moving horizontally along the axial direction of the optical fiber, and the size of the parameters can be set in a PC controller before the grinding process is started.
The parallel ends of the two sides of the three-way pipe are respectively connected with the non-polished area of the polished optical fiber and the microstructure optical fiber, the vertical end is externally connected with a pressure device, and each interface is sealed. The introduction and the discharge of the fluid material can be realized by carrying out pressurization or decompression operation on the external pressure device.
The polished fiber-microstructure fiber structure is shown in fig. 3, the polished fiber and the microstructure fiber are welded in a fiber core alignment mode, the microstructure fiber can be exposed out of air holes at different positions and in different quantities by changing the shape and polishing depth of the polished fiber, and fluid materials can be ensured to fully enter different air holes in the microstructure fiber. After the polished fiber-microstructure fiber with birefringence is accessed into a Sagnac interferometer, an optical fiber coupler is utilized to divide incident light emitted by a light source into two beams of light which are transmitted along clockwise and anticlockwise directions and transmitted along the opposite direction in the same loop, and after the two beams of light pass through the polished fiber-microstructure fiber with higher birefringence, the two beams of light are output at the emergent end of the optical fiber coupler in a coherent manner at a certain polarization angle, so that interference fringes are generated due to optical path difference. The detection of the relevant physical characteristics such as the refractive index and the concentration of the fluid material can be realized by monitoring the change of the peak wavelength of the interference peak.
In the embodiment, theoretical simulation is performed by using Comsol software, the polishing length of the polishing area of the polished optical fiber is set to be 2cm, the polishing depth is set to be 59um, the change range rate of the refractive index of the filled fluid material is increased from 1.4000 to 1.42626, the interval is 0.00202, a drift curve of the transmission spectrum along with the change of the refractive index is obtained, as shown in fig. 4, the wavelength is shifted from 955.426357nm to 882.48974nm in the short-wave direction, and is shifted by 72.9366 nm. The refractive index sensitivity S was calculated to be about-2777.48 nm/RIU.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on a Sagnac interferometer is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a polishing optical fiber (1), a microstructure optical fiber (2), a three-way pipe (3), a pressure device (4), an optical fiber coupler (5), a polarization controller (6), a super-continuous light source (7) and a spectrometer (8), wherein a polishing port of the polishing optical fiber (1) is fused with the microstructure optical fiber (2) to form a polishing optical fiber-microstructure optical fiber one-side polishing structure, a polishing area of the polishing optical fiber (1) is embedded in the three-way pipe (3), parallel ends on two sides of the three-way pipe (3) are respectively connected with an unpolished area of the polishing optical fiber (1) and the microstructure optical fiber (2), and a vertical end is externally connected with the pressure device (4); two interfaces at one end of the optical fiber coupler (5) are respectively connected with a single-side polishing structure and a polarization controller (6) of a polishing optical fiber-micro-structure optical fiber, two interfaces at the other end of the optical fiber coupler (5) are respectively connected with a super-continuous light source (7) and a spectrometer (8), wherein the polishing optical fiber (1) is used for optical fiber fusion, an air hole in a cladding of the micro-structure optical fiber (2) is used for serving as a fluid channel, a three-way pipe (3) is used for leading in and leading out a fluid material, a pressure device (4) is used for adjusting the pressure in the three-way pipe, the optical fiber coupler (5) is used for branching and combining optical signals, the polarization controller (6) is used for adjusting the polarization state of the optical signals, the super-continuous light source (7) is used for emitting optical signals, and the spectrometer (8.
2. The polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on Sagnac interferometer of claim 1, wherein the polished fiber (1) is made of single-mode fiber through lateral polishing, and the end surface of the polished fiber is D-shaped.
3. The polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on Sagnac interferometer of claim 2, wherein the polished fiber (1) is a common single-mode fiber and is laterally polished, the polishing depth is 35um-65um, and the polishing length is greater than or equal to 1 cm.
4. A polished fiber-microstructured fiber fluid sensing system according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the microstructured fiber (2) is a cladding-distributed hexagonal regularly arranged air hole microstructured fiber.
5. The polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on Sagnac interferometer of claim 4, wherein when the microstructure fiber (2) and the polished fiber (1) are fused, the alignment is that the fiber cores are butted, so that the polished area corresponding to the air hole in the cladding of the microstructure fiber (2) is exposed.
6. The polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on the Sagnac interferometer, as recited in claim 5, wherein the three-way pipe (3), the polished fiber (1), and the microstructure fiber (2) are connected, and each interface of the external pressure device (4) is sealed, and the introduction and the discharge of the fluid material are realized by controlling the pressurization and the decompression of the pressure device (4).
7. The Sagnac interferometer based polished fiber-microstructured fiber fluid sensing system according to claim 6, wherein when fluid materials with different refractive indexes are filled in air holes of the microstructured fiber (2), the microstructured fiber (2) cannot satisfy the condition of absolute circular symmetry of refractive indexes, asymmetry is introduced, and birefringence is obtained.
8. The polished fiber-microstructure fiber fluid sensing system based on the Sagnac interferometer, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polished fiber-microstructure fiber is connected to the Sagnac interferometer, the fiber coupler (5) separates two beams of light generated by the incident light of the light source and propagating in opposite directions, and after transmission, a coherent spectrum is output at the exit end, and the detection of the relevant physical properties including the refractive index and concentration of the fluid material is realized by monitoring the change of the peak wavelength of the interference peak.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115980386A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-18 | 中国海洋大学 | Seawater flow velocity measuring method based on panda optical fiber |
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2020
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