CN112729136A - Distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring system and method thereof - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112729136A CN112729136A CN202011602556.XA CN202011602556A CN112729136A CN 112729136 A CN112729136 A CN 112729136A CN 202011602556 A CN202011602556 A CN 202011602556A CN 112729136 A CN112729136 A CN 112729136A
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Abstract
The invention provides a distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring system and a method, which comprises an optical signal detection unit (21), a photoelectric conversion unit (22) and a sweep frequency unit (23), wherein the optical signal detection unit (21) is connected with the sweep frequency unit (23) through the photoelectric conversion unit (22); the optical signal detection unit (21) comprises a narrow linewidth laser (211), a second coupler (212), a pulse light modulator (213), a pulse light amplifier (214), a second circulator (215), an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (216), a third coupler (217) and a polarization scrambler (218) which are connected in sequence, and the ice coating thickness of the OPGW optical cable is monitored by the distributed optical fiber sensing ice coating monitoring system. The invention can accurately monitor the ice coating thickness of the OPGW optical cable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fibers, in particular to a distributed optical fiber sensing ice coating monitoring system and a method thereof.
Background
China is a country with more power transmission line accidents in the world, and power transmission lines are damaged to different degrees due to natural disasters every year, so that great loss is caused, and great inconvenience is brought to daily life of people. For example, in 2008, a large-scale ice disaster occurs in the south of China, so that a power transmission line of a national power grid is seriously damaged, a power tower collapses in a large scale, great economic loss is caused to the south of China, the basic life of people is seriously influenced, and meanwhile, the important status of the power transmission line and the monitoring of the environmental state of the power transmission line in the aspect of the safety of the power transmission line are deeply reflected and new challenges are faced.
Therefore, the research of the ice-coating online monitoring system of the OPGW optical cable aiming at the influence of the ice-coating of the power transmission line on the safety of the power transmission line has obvious economic value and social value. At present, the on-line monitoring system for the icing state of the power transmission line is mainly formed by building various electronic sensors, so that an additional power supply and a power supply pipeline are required to be installed and laid when the monitoring system is built, and although stable power supply can be ensured, the use environment of the monitoring system is undoubtedly limited. The traditional electronic sensors are active devices, and are extremely susceptible to interference in a complex electromagnetic environment such as a high-voltage transmission line, so that remote transmission of monitoring data and data accuracy are difficult to guarantee. Therefore, the current electronic power transmission line icing monitoring system is difficult to meet the real-time monitoring requirement on the icing state of the field power transmission line with severe geographical conditions and climatic environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a distributed optical fiber sensing ice coating monitoring system and a method thereof, which can solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems. The specific scheme is as follows:
according to the specific embodiment of the invention, the distributed optical fiber sensing ice coating monitoring system comprises an optical signal detection unit (21), a photoelectric conversion unit (22) and a sweep frequency unit (23), wherein the optical signal detection unit (21) is connected with the sweep frequency unit (23) through the photoelectric conversion unit (22); the optical signal detection unit (21) comprises a narrow linewidth laser (211), a second coupler (212), a pulse light modulator (213), a pulse light amplifier (214), a second circulator (215), an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (216), a third coupler (217) and a polarization scrambler (218) which are connected in sequence, and the ice coating thickness of the OPGW optical cable is monitored by the distributed optical fiber sensing ice coating monitoring system.
Optionally, an optical signal output by the narrow linewidth laser (211) is output by the second coupler (212) and then divided into a third optical path of 90% and a fourth optical path of 10%, the third optical path of 90% passes through the pulse optical modulator (213), the pulse optical amplifier (214), and the second circulator (215) to enter the optical cable to be tested, a backscattered light signal returned from the optical cable to be tested passes through the second circulator (215) to enter the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (216) and the third coupler (217), and the fourth optical path of 10% passes through the polarization scrambler (218) and is connected with the third coupler (217).
Optionally, the sweep unit (23) includes: a mixer (231), a high-frequency oscillator (232), and a wideband low-pass filter (233), wherein the high-frequency oscillator (232) and the wideband low-pass filter (233) are both connected to the mixer (231).
Optionally, the third coupler (217) is a 50:50 coupler.
Optionally, the frequency shift of the spontaneous brillouin scattering in the OPGW optical cable and the strain experienced by the OPGW optical cable satisfy the following relationship,
vB(ε)＝vB(ε0)[1+cvε(ε-ε0)]
wherein v isB(ε)、vB(ε0) Respectively shows that the strain borne by the OPGW optical cable is respectively epsilon and epsilon0The amount of frequency shift of the phase with respect to the incident light; c. CvεAnd the Brillouin frequency shift strain coefficient of the OPGW optical cable is shown.
The invention provides a distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring method based on machine learning, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring initial data of the selected OPGW optical cable, wherein the initial data comprises initial line information and tower coordinate information;
acquiring frequency shift parameters, scattering intensity and icing thickness of different positions of the selected OPGW optical cable through any one of the distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring systems in a preset time period;
establishing a machine learning model by using the frequency shift parameters, the scattering intensity and the icing thickness as a training set;
and predicting the icing state of the OPGW optical cables except the selected OPGW optical cable according to the machine learning model.
Optionally, training the machine learning model further comprises: and updating the training set based on the updated frequency shift parameters, scattering intensity and icing thickness data of the optical cables at different positions, and performing updating training on the machine learning model.
Optionally, the method further includes: and obtaining the report missing data, updating the training set through the report missing data, and performing update training on the machine learning model.
Optionally, the method further includes: and setting an alarm threshold according to the predicted icing state of the OPGW optical cables except the selected OPGW optical cable, and alarming when the icing state exceeds the threshold.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can monitor the icing thickness of a certain position of the selected OPGW optical cable through the distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring system, thereby obtaining the icing state of the OPGW optical cable. Furthermore, based on the machine learning model and the obtained data, the icing state of the whole OPGW optical cable to be tested is predicted and alarmed. The system has a simple structure, the host is installed in a transformer substation machine room, any sensor is not required to be installed on a line, and the problems of power supply, monitoring surface and stability of the traditional monitoring device under severe weather conditions can be thoroughly solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a distributed monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a frequency sweep module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and "a plurality" typically includes at least two.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe embodiments of the present invention, they should not be limited to these terms.
It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in the article or device in which the element is included.
Alternative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a distributed optical fiber sensing ice-coating monitoring system includes a distributed monitoring device 2, an OPGW optical cable to be measured, and a line pole carrying the OPGW optical cable to be measured, where each line pole is provided with a corresponding position coordinate. The distributed monitoring device 2 includes an optical signal detection unit 21, a photoelectric conversion unit 22 and a sweep frequency unit 23, and the optical signal detection unit 21 is connected with the sweep frequency unit 23 through the photoelectric conversion unit 22. The optical signal detection unit 21 includes a narrow linewidth laser 211, a second coupler 212, a pulsed light modulator 213, a pulsed light amplifier 214, a second circulator 215, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier 216, a third coupler 217, and a polarization scrambler 218, which are connected in sequence.
In the monitoring process, an optical signal output by the narrow linewidth laser 211 is divided into a third optical path of 90% and a fourth optical path of 10% after being output by the second coupler 212, the third optical path of 90% enters the optical cable to be tested through the pulse optical modulator 213, the pulse optical amplifier 214 and the second circulator 215, light is transmitted in the optical cable to be tested, when a certain position of the optical cable is subjected to stress change, the optical signal generates backward spontaneous brillouin scattering, a backward scattering optical signal returned from the optical cable to be tested enters the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 216 and the third coupler 217 through the second circulator 215, and the fourth optical path of 10% is connected with the third coupler 217 through the deflector 218. A Polarization Scrambler (PS)218 is used to eliminate polarization fading noise.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the frequency sweeping unit 23 includes: a mixer 231, a high-frequency oscillator 232, and a wide-band low-pass filter 233, wherein the mixer 231 is connected to the high-frequency oscillator 232 and the wide-band low-pass filter 233. Optionally, the third coupler 217 is a 50:50 coupler. The sweep unit 23 processes the electrical signal and transmits the processed signal to the PC for data calculation.
The distributed monitoring system uses an OPGW optical cable (redundant optical fiber) as a sensor and an information transmission channel, and uses a BOTDR sensing technology to monitor the temperature of the optical cable and the position where strain occurs, as shown in fig. 1. Comprises an optical circuit part and an electric circuit part; the optical path part mainly comprises a narrow linewidth laser 211, a second coupler 212, a pulsed light modulator 213, a pulsed light amplifier 214, a second circulator 215, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier 216, a third coupler 217, a polarization scrambler 218 and a sensing fiber, and the circuit part comprises a photoelectric detector 22, a microwave frequency sweeping module 23, a data acquisition card, a PC (personal computer) and the like.
A narrow linewidth laser (linewidth is less than 1MHz) is used as a light source of the system to continuously emit continuous optical signals with constant amplitude to the system, then the optical signals are split into two paths of signals with different optical powers through a coupler of 90:10, 10% of the paths of light are used as reference light for coherent beat frequency detection, and the polarization state of the light is continuously changed through a polarization scrambler; 90% of light is used as detection light, the detection light is firstly modulated by an optical pulse modulator, and the output power of the optical pulse modulator is low, so that the detection light needs to be sent to a pulse optical amplifier for amplification (the power of an optical signal is amplified to be more than 10 mW) and enters a sensing optical fiber through a circulator. The spontaneous Brillouin scattering light of the detection light in the sensing optical fiber returns through the circulator, the power is amplified by the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (spontaneous Brillouin scattering is generated after the light pulse enters the optical cable of the line to be detected, the difference between a scattering light signal and an input light signal is about 11GHz, and the power of the backward Brillouin scattering signal is very weak, so that when the Brillouin scattering signal enters a receiving loop through the reflection of the coupler, the power of the pulse light is amplified to 160mW), then the pulse frequency is subjected to beat frequency by the coupler of 50:50 with the reference light, and then the pulse frequency is converted into an electrical frequency signal through the photoelectric detector (13.5 GHz. And a microwave frequency sweeping module is combined with a data acquisition card to sweep frequency and acquire a frequency sweeping signal containing Brillouin frequency shift information, and the frequency sweeping signal is transmitted to a PC (personal computer) to be processed to obtain the position of the strain generating area of the sensing optical fiber and the corresponding strain magnitude.
Optionally, the frequency shift of the spontaneous brillouin scattering in the OPGW optical cable and the strain experienced by the OPGW optical cable satisfy the following relationship,
vB(ε)＝vB(ε0)[1+cvε(ε-ε0)]
wherein v isB(ε)、vB(ε0) Respectively shows that the strain borne by the OPGW optical cable is respectively epsilon and epsilon0The amount of frequency shift of the phase with respect to the incident light; c. CvεAnd the Brillouin frequency shift strain coefficient of the OPGW optical cable is shown. Typically 0.05 MHz/. mu.epsilon.
The stress change of the position can be calculated according to the measured frequency shift, and the icing thickness and stress change curve graph is combined, wherein the icing thickness and stress change curve graph can be obtained according to a conventional technical mode, and the repeated description is omitted, so that the icing thickness data of the position can be obtained through the graph. The optical cable position when scattering occurs due to ice coating can be calculated by the time of light propagation in the OPGW.
The icing parameter obtained by the distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring is combined with a machine learning method to predict the icing state of the follow-up optical cable to be monitored, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
acquiring initial data of the selected OPGW optical cable, wherein the initial data comprises initial line information and tower coordinate information; firstly, when the system is installed for the first time, initial information of a line and coordinate information of a tower need to be imported, the tower and the line are initially positioned, and basic information is provided for accurate positioning of a subsequent icing state. The more accurate the base information, the more accurate the subsequent icing positioning.
Acquiring frequency shift parameters, scattering intensity and icing thickness of different positions of the selected OPGW optical cable through any one of the distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring systems in a preset time period; for example, 0-10 kilometers of OPGW optical cables within 3 months are selected for monitoring, and the icing state of the optical cables beyond 10 kilometers is predicted according to parameters obtained by the selected optical cables.
The icing thickness is identified and measured, and the icing states of different positions of the line can be reversely deduced through a machine learning model established by BOTDR curve changes (frequency shift and scattering intensity) and the icing states, so that the icing states of the line can be accurately calculated, the relation of the icing state and the OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) icing is further established, and finally the real-time monitoring of the icing thickness of the whole line by span is realized.
Establishing a machine learning model by using the frequency shift parameters, the scattering intensity and the icing thickness as a training set; and selecting a training set based on data of different icing states to perform supervised learning training, and outputting the multidimensional and multi-parameter sensing data of a certain number of days and the actual occurrence state condition of the historical day to form the training set.
And predicting the icing state of the OPGW optical cables except the selected OPGW optical cable according to the machine learning model.
Optionally, training the machine learning model further comprises: and updating the training set based on the updated frequency shift parameters, scattering intensity and icing thickness data of the optical cables at different positions, and performing updating training on the machine learning model.
Optionally, the method further includes: and obtaining the report missing data, updating the training set through the report missing data, and performing update training on the machine learning model.
Optionally, the method further includes: and setting an alarm threshold according to the predicted icing state of the OPGW optical cables except the selected OPGW optical cable, and alarming when the icing state exceeds the threshold.
Comparing the training result with the actual situation, evaluating by using the evaluation index, normalizing the prediction result, classifying into a '0-1' mode, counting the corresponding situation of the state prediction result and the actual situation, and selecting 'accuracy', 'null report rate', 'missing report rate' by the evaluation index. And selecting a neural network model with excellent classification prediction result evaluation to predict the state of the electric power facility.
And (4) data reprocessing and electric power facility icing early warning, carrying out multi-event prediction by using a trained supervised learning model, and inputting real-time multi-dimensional sensing data to obtain an original prediction result. And then, data reprocessing is carried out, and the false alarm set are corrected:
correction of a missing report set: analyzing the data of the ice coating in the training set, counting the boundary conditions of the monitoring factors under the condition that the ice coating does not occur in the area, adding proper field degrees to the input parameters to form a constraint condition of missed report correction, and correcting the 'poor quality output result' exceeding the constraint boundary to be 0, namely, no ice coating exists.
And (3) correcting a virtual report set: if the empty report mainly appears in the time close to the occurrence time of the time, the virtual report condition of the type belongs to an acceptable error range and can also play a role in early warning, so that the judgment data input into the training set in the period before the event early warning occurs is changed into 1, namely, the icing occurs.
By establishing the ice coating model for the data, the data can be iterated and optimized mutually, and meanwhile, more accurate original data can be obtained by combining multi-parameter accurate measurement of machine learning. By correcting the original output result and the input data set in the above way, the times of false report and false report missing can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the system is improved. And then, carrying out early warning by using the corrected input data, and judging whether the region is coated with ice or not. After the early warning is completed, the data which is not reported in the judgment is added into the training data set for training, the database is expanded, the model is ensured to be more accurate before the next event, and the self-updating is completed.
The invention provides a distributed sensing icing monitoring method based on machine learning, which is distributed, long-distance, reliable, strong in anti-interference performance and high in precision. The system has a simple structure, the host is installed in a transformer substation machine room, any sensor is not required to be installed on a line, and the problems of power supply, monitoring surface and stability of the traditional monitoring device under severe weather conditions can be thoroughly solved. The system adopts a Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (BOTDR) technology based on distributed Optical fiber sensing, the BOTDR has good real-Time performance, spatial resolution and measurement accuracy, Optical fibers do not need to be processed, transmission and sensing are combined into a whole, and strain in the length direction of the Optical fibers can be obtained only by processing Brillouin scattering Optical signals returned along the Optical fibers. The optical fiber sensing technology is combined with the machine learning technology to obtain the icing state of the optical cable, and the icing state of the optical cable is in one-to-one correspondence with the geographic position. Therefore, the monitoring efficiency of the optical fiber icing state is high, and the optical cable icing position is accurately positioned.
The invention can monitor the icing thickness of a certain position of the selected OPGW optical cable through the distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring system, thereby obtaining the icing state of the OPGW optical cable.
In addition, the selected OPGW optical cable can be a small part of the whole monitoring line, further, the icing state of the whole OPGW optical cable to be detected is predicted and alarmed based on the machine learning model and the obtained data, the icing state of the whole optical cable can be obtained through machine model calculation, the installation number of hardware equipment is searched, and cost is saved.
The system has a simple structure, the host is installed in a transformer substation machine room, any sensor is not required to be installed on a line, and the problems of power supply, monitoring surface and stability of the traditional monitoring device under severe weather conditions can be thoroughly solved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring system is characterized by comprising an optical signal detection unit (21), a photoelectric conversion unit (22) and a frequency sweep unit (23), wherein the optical signal detection unit (21) is connected with the frequency sweep unit (23) through the photoelectric conversion unit (22); the optical signal detection unit (21) comprises a narrow linewidth laser (211), a second coupler (212), a pulse light modulator (213), a pulse light amplifier (214), a second circulator (215), an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (216), a third coupler (217) and a polarization scrambler (218) which are connected in sequence, and the ice coating thickness of the OPGW optical cable is monitored by the distributed optical fiber sensing ice coating monitoring system.
2. The distributed optical fiber sensing ice-coating monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein an optical signal output by the narrow linewidth laser (211) is divided into a third optical path of 90% and a fourth optical path of 10% after being output by the second coupler (212), the third optical path of 90% enters the optical cable to be tested through the pulse optical modulator (213), the pulse optical amplifier (214) and the second circulator (215), a backscattered light signal returned from the optical cable to be tested enters the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (216) and the third coupler (217) through the second circulator (215), and the fourth optical path of 10% is connected with the third coupler (217) through the deflector (218).
3. Cable condition monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the sweep unit (23) comprises: a mixer (231), a high-frequency oscillator (232), and a wideband low-pass filter (233), wherein the high-frequency oscillator (232) and the wideband low-pass filter (233) are both connected to the mixer (231).
4. A cable condition monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein the third coupler (217) is a 50:50 coupler.
5. The optical cable condition monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the frequency shift of the spontaneous Brillouin scattering in the OPGW optical cable and the strain experienced by the OPGW optical cable satisfy the following relationship,
vB(ε)＝vB(ε0)[1+cvε(ε-ε0)]
wherein v isB(ε)、vB(ε0) Respectively shows that the strain borne by the OPGW optical cable is respectively epsilon and epsilon0The amount of frequency shift of the phase with respect to the incident light; c. CvεAnd the Brillouin frequency shift strain coefficient of the OPGW optical cable is shown.
6. A distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring method based on machine learning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring initial data of the selected OPGW optical cable, wherein the initial data comprises initial line information and tower coordinate information;
acquiring frequency shift parameters, scattering intensity and icing thickness of different positions of the selected OPGW optical cable through the distributed optical fiber sensing icing monitoring system of any one of claims 1-5 in a preset time period;
establishing a machine learning model by using the frequency shift parameters, the scattering intensity and the icing thickness as a training set;
and predicting the icing state of the OPGW optical cables except the selected OPGW optical cable according to the machine learning model.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
training the machine learning model, the training the machine learning model comprising: and updating the training set based on the updated frequency shift parameters, scattering intensity and icing thickness data of the optical cables at different positions, and performing updating training on the machine learning model.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
and obtaining the report missing data, updating the training set through the report missing data, and performing update training on the machine learning model.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
and setting an alarm threshold according to the predicted icing state of the OPGW optical cables except the selected OPGW optical cable, and alarming when the icing state exceeds the threshold.
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| CN115388957A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-11-25 | 高勘(广州)技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for detecting OPGW optical cable icing and storage medium |
| CN115388957B (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-31 | 高勘(广州)技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for detecting OPGW optical cable icing and storage medium |
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