CN112727074A - Building machine and building construction method - Google Patents
Building machine and building construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112727074A CN112727074A CN202011581253.4A CN202011581253A CN112727074A CN 112727074 A CN112727074 A CN 112727074A CN 202011581253 A CN202011581253 A CN 202011581253A CN 112727074 A CN112727074 A CN 112727074A
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- building
- demolding
- truss
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- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
- E04G11/28—Climbing forms, i.e. forms which are not in contact with the poured concrete during lifting from layer to layer and which are anchored in the hardened concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A building machine and a building construction method are provided, the building machine comprises a climbing system, a truss system, a hanging frame system, an internal mold lifting system and an external mold fixing system; the climbing system comprises a plurality of upright posts, and the upright posts are connected with jacking mechanisms; the truss system is fixed at the top of the climbing system; the hanging rack system comprises a plurality of hanging racks hung below the truss system, and when the hanging rack system is used, the hanging racks are arranged around a building body; the internal mold hoisting system comprises a plurality of hoisting devices arranged on the truss system; the external mold fixing system comprises a template bracket, and the template bracket climbs together with the climbing system. The advantages are that: in the roof construction process, the internal mold hoisting system can hoist the internal mold, so that the interference of the internal mold accumulated on the roof of the lower floor to constructors is avoided; interior, outer wall template can upwards promote along with building machine for constructor need not to carry interior, outer wall template in the work progress, has reduced constructor's intensity of labour, has improved the efficiency of construction, has shortened construction cycle.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of building construction equipment, in particular to a building machine and a building construction method.
Background
The building machine is an industrial intelligent building device for cast-in-place reinforced concrete of high-rise residences in a mechanical operation and intelligent control mode. The current building machine generally comprises a climbing system, a truss system, a hanging frame system, a material hoisting system, an external template fixing system of a building external wall and a concrete pouring system. It is characterized in that the whole process is completed in the air in a centralized and layer-by-layer manner; and are therefore also referred to as "aerial building machines".
With respect to the related art in the above, the inventors consider that: after each floor construction is finished, constructors need to carry the inner formworks to the previous floor, the labor intensity is high, and the construction efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the labor intensity of constructors, the application provides a building machine and a building construction method.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a building machine, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a building machine comprises a climbing system, a truss system, a hanging frame system, an internal mold lifting system and an external mold fixing system;
the climbing system comprises a plurality of upright posts, and the upright posts are connected with jacking mechanisms;
the truss system is fixed on the top of the climbing system;
the hanging rack system comprises a plurality of hanging racks hung below the truss system, and when the hanging rack system is used, the hanging racks are arranged around a building body;
the internal mold hoisting system comprises a plurality of hoisting devices arranged on the truss system;
the external mold fixing system comprises a template bracket, and the template bracket climbs together with the climbing system.
By adopting the technical scheme, during construction, the building machine is installed on a foundation building, and is connected with the outer formwork and the outer formwork fixing system of the outer wall, the inner formwork and the inner formwork hoisting system of the outer wall, and the formwork and the inner formwork hoisting system of the inner wall. When each layer of construction is carried out, the corresponding layer of external wall and internal wall reinforcing steel bars are bound firstly; then completing the die assembly and the support of the corresponding inner and outer wall templates; then concrete pouring of corresponding inner and outer walls is completed; after the initial setting of the concrete is finished, the inner wall template and the outer wall template are dismantled, and the inner template of the outer wall and the template of the inner wall are lifted to the bottom of the truss system by lifting equipment; then supporting a corresponding layer of roof formwork and completing roof pouring; then removing the top plate mould of the corresponding layer; and finally, the climbing system carries the truss system, the hanging frame system, the inner mold lifting system and the outer mold fixing system to ascend a standard floor, and simultaneously, the templates of the inner and outer wall bodies can also ascend the standard floor upwards along with the building machine.
In the roof construction process, the internal mold hoisting system can hoist the internal mold, so that the interference of the internal mold accumulated on the roof of the lower floor to constructors is avoided; in addition, the inner and outer wall templates can be lifted upwards along with the building machine, so that constructors do not need to carry the inner and outer wall templates in the construction process, the labor intensity of the constructors is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction period is shortened.
Optionally, a first guide rail is installed on the lower side of the truss system, and the hoisting equipment is connected to the first guide rail in a sliding manner.
By adopting the technical scheme, the position of the lifting equipment is convenient to adjust.
Optionally, the external mold fixing system further comprises a mold stripping device, wherein the mold stripping device comprises a mold stripping carriage mounted on the hanger system, a mold stripping trolley connected to the mold stripping carriage in a sliding manner, and a driving mechanism for driving the mold stripping trolley to slide on the mold stripping carriage; the lower end of the template support is hinged with the demolding trolley, and an adjusting mechanism used for driving the template support to rotate around a hinged end is further connected between the template support and the demolding trolley.
By adopting the technical scheme, the setting of the demolding device is convenient for constructors to separate the outer wall from the outer formwork of the outer wall. When the outer wall and the outer template need to be separated, a constructor can drive the template bracket to rotate around the hinged end of the template bracket through the adjusting mechanism, so that the outer template arranged on the template bracket is gradually separated from the outer wall; meanwhile, constructors can drive the demolding trolley to gradually keep away from the outer wall through the driving mechanism to enable a gap to be generated between the outer formwork and the wall body, and therefore the outer formwork is not prone to rubbing with the outer wall in the climbing process of the building construction machine.
Optionally, the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting pipe, a first screw rod hinged on the template bracket and a second screw rod hinged on the demolding trolley; one end of the adjusting pipe is sleeved on the first screw rod and is in threaded connection with the first screw rod, the other end of the adjusting pipe is sleeved on the second screw rod and is in threaded connection with the second screw rod, and the rotating directions of threads on the first screw rod and the second screw rod are opposite.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, constructor can drive the template support and rotate to different directions around its hinged end through forward or reverse rotation regulating pipe to make the exterior sheathing and the outer wall of installing on the template support separate gradually or resume vertical state.
Optionally, the driving mechanism comprises a demolding chain, two demolding chain wheels rotatably connected to the demolding carriage, and a demolding motor mounted on the demolding carriage and used for driving the demolding chain wheels to rotate; the two die stripping chain wheels are respectively positioned at two sides of the die stripping trolley; the die stripping chain bypasses the two die stripping chain wheels, and two ends of the die stripping chain are respectively fixed on two sides of the die stripping trolley.
By adopting the technical scheme, the die stripping chain can drag the die stripping trolley to slide on the die stripping sliding frame by controlling the die stripping motor to rotate forwards or reversely.
Optionally, one side of the template bracket, which faces away from the adjusting mechanism, is connected with a transverse keel which is transversely arranged, and the transverse keel is provided with a bolt hole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, be convenient for constructor with the side fascia template be connected to on the template support.
Optionally, the external mold fixing system comprises a hanging module, and the hanging module is connected with the truss system;
by adopting the technical scheme, when the outer formwork of the outer wall is used, the outer formwork is connected with the hanging formwork, so that the outer formwork can climb upwards along with the building machine.
Optionally, the hanger system further comprises a positioning mechanism connected between the hanger and the truss system;
the positioning mechanism comprises a plurality of second guide rails fixedly connected to the lower side of the truss system, a sliding support is connected to each second guide rail in a sliding mode along the length direction of the second guide rail, a locking piece is arranged on each sliding support, and the locking piece is used for fixing the position of each sliding support on the corresponding second guide rail; the upper end of the suspension bracket is fixedly connected with the sliding support.
By adopting the technical scheme, the distance between the hanging rack system and the building body can be conveniently adjusted by a constructor.
Optionally, the positioning mechanism further comprises at least one driving assembly; the driving assembly comprises a positioning chain, two positioning chain wheels rotationally connected to the second guide rail and a positioning motor for driving the positioning chain wheels to rotate, and a driving chain wheel is mounted on an output shaft of the positioning motor; the two positioning chain wheels are respectively positioned on two sides of the suspension bracket; the positioning chain bypasses the two positioning chain wheels and is fixedly connected with the sliding support or the suspension bracket.
By adopting the technical scheme, the positioning chain can pull the suspension bracket to move along the length direction of the second guide rail by controlling the positioning motor to rotate forwards or reversely.
Optionally, a spraying system is arranged on the truss system.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, spraying system can the blowout water smoke, removes dust to the construction environment.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a building construction method, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a building construction method utilizes the building machine to complete the following steps:
s1, installing a building machine on a foundation building according to a design drawing, connecting an outer template of an outer wall with an outer template fixing system, connecting an inner template of the outer wall with an inner model hoisting system, and connecting a template of the inner wall with the inner model hoisting system;
s2, binding corresponding layers of external wall and internal wall steel bars;
s3, completing die assembly and support of the corresponding inner and outer wall templates;
s4, completing concrete pouring of the inner wall and the outer wall of the corresponding layer;
s5, after the initial setting of the concrete is finished, removing the inner wall template and the outer wall template, and hoisting the inner template of the outer wall and the template of the inner wall to the bottom of the truss system by hoisting equipment;
s6, supporting a corresponding layer of roof formwork, and completing roof pouring;
s7, removing the top plate mould of the corresponding layer;
s8, if the building construction is not completed, the climbing system carries the truss system, the hanging frame system, the internal mold lifting system and the external mold fixing system to ascend a standard layer, and then S2-S7 are repeated; and if the building construction is finished, the building construction machine is dismantled.
By adopting the technical scheme, the internal mold hoisting system can hoist the internal mold in the roof construction process, so that the interference of the internal mold accumulated on the roof of the lower floor to constructors is avoided; in addition, the inner and outer wall templates can be lifted upwards along with the building machine, so that constructors do not need to carry the inner and outer wall templates in the construction process, the labor intensity of the constructors is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction period is shortened.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. in the roof construction process, the internal mold hoisting system can hoist the internal mold, so that the interference of the internal mold accumulated on the roof of the lower floor to constructors is avoided;
2. interior, outer wall template can upwards promote along with building machine for constructor need not to carry interior, outer wall template in the work progress, has reduced constructor's intensity of labour, has improved the efficiency of construction, has shortened construction cycle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a first embodiment of a building machine disclosed in the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure embodying a jack mechanism.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a structure embodying the wall attachment base.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a wall-mounted structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a structure embodying the jacking-stand.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure embodying the positioning mechanism.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a formwork support in the first embodiment of the building machine disclosed in the present application.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer mold fixing system in a second embodiment of the building machine disclosed in the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a climbing system; 11. a column; 12. a wall-attached support; 121. fixing the rod; 1211. a clamping head; 122. a connecting seat; 1221. a clamping and connecting plate; 1222. a fixing plate; 1223. hooking; 123. a clamping piece; 124. a fixed part; 1241. a connecting shaft; 1242. a connecting plate; 1243. a first vertical plate; 1244. a second vertical plate; 1245. a lock shaft; 12451. a shaft body; 12452. a locking block; 12453. the head is prevented from falling off; 1246. a second roller; 125. a first hoop; 1251. a first roller; 126. rotating the block; 1261. a climbing part; 1262. a stop part; 127. a stop block; 13. a vertical guide rail; 131. climbing blocks; 14. jacking a support; 141. jacking the seat body; 142. a second hoop; 143. a third roller; 144. a fourth roller; 15. a jacking piece;
2. a truss system;
4. a hanger system; 41. a suspension bracket; 411. a vertical rod; 412. a support frame; 413. a pedal; 415. an anti-shaking frame; 4151. a fifth roller; 42. a second guide rail; 43. a sliding support; 44. a locking member; 45. a positioning chain; 46. a positioning chain wheel; 47. a positioning motor; 48. a drive sprocket;
5. an internal mold hoisting system; 51. a first guide rail; 52. hoisting equipment;
6. an outer mold fixing system; 61. a cross beam; 611. threading holes; 62. a hoisting module; 63. a support frame; 64. a transverse keel; 65. demolding the sliding frame; 651. removing the die beam; 652. stripping the longitudinal beam; 66. a die stripping trolley; 67. a drive mechanism; 671. demolding the chain; 672. demolding the chain wheel; 673. a die stripping motor; 68. an adjustment mechanism; 681. an adjusting tube; 682. a first lead screw; 683. and a second screw rod.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-10.
It should be noted that the inner formwork of the building outer wall and the inner formwork of the building inner wall are collectively referred to as an inner formwork in the present application.
The embodiment of the application discloses a building machine.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the building construction machine is installed on a basic building and includes a climbing system 1, a truss system 2, a spraying system, a hanging rack system 4, an internal mold hoisting system 5 and an external mold fixing system 6.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the climbing system 1 includes a plurality of columns 11 disposed around a foundation building, a jacking mechanism is connected between the columns 11 and an outer wall of the building, and the jacking mechanism drives the columns 11 to climb upwards along the outer wall of the building by controlling the jacking mechanism.
The jacking mechanism comprises at least two wall attaching supports 12 arranged on the foundation building, a vertical guide rail 13 fixedly connected to one side of the upright post 11 facing the foundation building, a jacking support 14 connected to the vertical guide rail 13 in a sliding manner, and a jacking piece 15, wherein the jacking support 14 is at least positioned above one wall attaching support 12, and the jacking piece 15 is connected between the jacking support 14 and one wall attaching support 12 positioned below the jacking support 14.
Referring to fig. 2, the vertical guide rail 13 is made of i-shaped steel in the present embodiment, and the vertical guide rail 13 may be made of square steel, round steel or other section materials in other embodiments. A plurality of climbing blocks 131 are fixedly connected to one side of the vertical guide rail 13 facing the outer wall body at equal intervals from top to bottom, and the upper end surfaces of the climbing blocks 131 are inclined planes.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the wall-attached support 12 includes a wall-attached base and a connecting assembly connecting the wall-attached base and the building wall. Coupling assembling includes the dead lever 121 that the level set up, connects at the connecting seat 122 of dead lever 121 one end and connects the joint spare 123 at the dead lever 121 other end, and connecting seat 122 and joint spare 123 all can dismantle with dead lever 121 and be connected. Specifically speaking, joint spare 123 is a wedge round pin, has seted up vertical pinhole in the one end that dead lever 121 is located the external wall body inboard, and joint spare 123 and pinhole grafting cooperation, and on dead lever 121, be provided with the packing ring between joint spare 123 and the connecting seat 122, during the use, dead lever 121 runs through the external wall body of building, and joint spare 123 and packing ring are located the external wall body inboard, and connecting seat 122 is located the external wall body outside.
The wall-attached seat body comprises a fixing portion 124 and two first anchor ears 125 symmetrically arranged at two sides of the fixing portion 124. The two first anchor ears 125 are oppositely disposed, and one end of the first anchor ear 125, which is far away from the fixing portion 124, extends between the two flange plates of the vertical guide rail 13, so that the vertical guide rail 13 can vertically move relative to the wall-attached support 12, but cannot laterally separate from the wall-attached support 12. A first roller 1251 is rotatably connected to an end of the first anchor ear 125 away from the fixing portion 124, and the first roller 1251 abuts against a flange plate of the vertical guide rail 13 close to the building wall, so as to reduce sliding friction between the first anchor ear 125 and the vertical guide rail 13.
A locking shaft 1245 is further disposed on the fixing portion 124, and the locking shaft 1245 includes a shaft body 12451, a locking piece 12452 connected to a circumferential side wall of one end of the shaft body 12451, and a retaining head 12453 connected to the other end of the shaft body 12451. Locking holes for the shaft body 12451 and the locking block 12452 to pass through transversely are formed in the first vertical plate 1243 and the second vertical plate 1244.
When the wall-attached seat body is connected to the connecting assembly, the wall-attached seat body can be operated to enable the connecting seat 122 to enter between the two second vertical plates 1244 through the connecting shaft 1241 and the connecting plate 1242 and abut against the two first vertical plates 1243; then, the wall attachment base body is moved down to hook the hook 1223 at the upper end of the connection base 122 to the connection shaft 1241, and then the locking shaft 1245 is passed through the wall attachment base body through the locking hole and screwed to the locking shaft 1245, so that the hook 1223 at the lower end of the connection base 122 is hooked to the locking shaft 1245, thereby stably connecting the wall attachment base body to the connection base 122. When the wall-attached seat body needs to be detached from the connecting assembly, a constructor only needs to screw the locking shaft 1245 and pull the locking shaft 1245 out of the wall-attached seat body, and then take the wall-attached seat body off from the connecting seat 122.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a second roller 1246 is also rotatably connected between the adjacent first vertical plate 1243 and second vertical plate 1244, and the second roller 1246 abuts against the vertical guide rail 13 to reduce the friction between the vertical guide rail 13 and the wall-attached seat.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, a one-way stop structure is arranged between the two first vertical plates 1243, and comprises a rotating block 126 connected between the two first vertical plates 1243 through a pivot and a stop block 127 fixedly connected between the two first vertical plates 1243; the rotating block 126 comprises a climbing part 1261 and a stopping part 1262 which are integrally formed, a pivot passes through the joint of the climbing part 1261 and the stopping part 1262 and is fixedly connected with the first vertical plate 1243, the climbing part 1261 abuts against the vertical guide rail 13, and the stopping part 1262 is positioned between the stopping block 127 and the vertical guide rail 13 and abuts against the stopping block 127. As vertical guide rail 13 moves upward relative to wall-attachment pedestal 12, climbing block 131 on vertical guide rail 13 pushes rotating block 126 to rotate and clear rotating block 126. When the vertical guide rail 13 is in a static state, one of the climbing blocks 131 on the vertical guide rail 13 abuts against the upper side of the stop portion 1262 of the rotating block 126, and the rotating block 126 is restricted by the stop block 127 and cannot rotate, so that the rotating block 126 can support the vertical guide rail 13 and prevent the vertical guide rail 13 from falling. It should be noted that: in this embodiment, the ascending portion 1261 and the stopping portion 1262 form an angle of 90 degrees, so that the rotating block 126 can be automatically reset under the action of gravity after being rotated by force.
Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the jacking seat 14 includes a jacking seat body 141 and two second hoops 142 symmetrically disposed on two sides of the jacking seat body 141, and a one-way stopping structure is also disposed in the jacking seat body 141, and since the structure and distance of the one-way stopping structure have been described above, further description is omitted here.
The two second anchor ears 142 are disposed oppositely, and one end of the second anchor ear 142, which is far away from the jacking seat body 141, extends between the two flange plates of the vertical guide rail 13, so that the vertical guide rail 13 can vertically move relative to the wall-attached support 12, but cannot laterally separate from the wall-attached support 12. A third roller 143 is rotatably connected to an end of the second anchor ear 142 away from the jacking seat 141, and the third roller 143 abuts against the flange plate of the vertical guide rail 13 close to the building wall, so as to reduce the sliding friction between the second anchor ear 142 and the vertical guide rail 13. The lifting base 141 is further rotatably connected with a fourth roller 144, and the fourth roller 144 abuts against the vertical guide rail 13 to reduce the friction between the vertical guide rail 13 and the lifting base 141.
Referring to fig. 2, the lifting member 15 is a hydraulic telescopic rod, one end of which is hinged to the lifting seat 141, and the other end of which is hinged to the wall-attached seat.
When the hydraulic telescopic rod extends, the hydraulic telescopic rod uses the wall-attached support 12 as a support to push the jacking seat body 141 and the vertical guide rail 13 to move upwards, so that the vertical guide rail 13 carries the upright post 11 to climb upwards. When the hydraulic telescopic rod is shortened, it will drive the jacking seat body 141 to slide downwards along the vertical guide rail 13.
Referring to fig. 1, the truss system 2 is composed of a plurality of trusses fixedly connected to the upper ends of the respective columns 11.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the spraying system 3 includes a water pipe arranged at the lower side of the truss system 2 and a nozzle installed on the water pipe, and during the construction process, the spraying system 3 can spray water mist to remove dust from the construction environment; the personal spray system 3 may also be used for maintenance of building elements.
Referring to fig. 1, the hanging rack system 4 includes a plurality of hanging racks 41 arranged around the foundation building, the hanging racks 41 are located below the truss system 2, and a positioning mechanism is connected between the hanging racks 41 and the truss system 2; it is to be noted that the uprights 11 are located in the area enclosed by the suspension frame 41.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, the suspension frame 41 includes a number of suspension assemblies and a number of layers of pedals 413; the suspension component comprises at least two vertical rods 411 which are arranged at intervals along the direction gradually far away from the foundation building, and a plurality of support frames 412 are fixed between the adjacent vertical rods 411 at intervals from top to bottom; the pedal 413 is located between the adjacent vertical rods 411 and is fixedly connected to the supporting frame 412. A protective net is connected to the side of the hanging frame 41 opposite to the building foundation to prevent people from falling from the hanging frame 41. One side of the suspension bracket 41 facing the building foundation is hinged with an anti-falling plate, one side of the anti-falling plate is hinged with the suspension bracket 41, and the other side of the anti-falling plate is lapped on the building foundation; the anti-falling plate can block some falling objects (such as screwdrivers, wrenches, signs, screws and the like), and the construction safety is improved.
The lower end of the suspension bracket 41 is also provided with an anti-shaking frame 415, one side of the anti-shaking frame 415 facing the building foundation is provided with a plurality of fifth rollers 4151, the fifth rollers 4151 are abutted against the building foundation, and the arrangement of the anti-shaking frame 415 can prevent the suspension bracket 41 from being inclined towards the direction of the building foundation due to wind. In addition, a staircase (not shown) is provided on a portion of the hanger 41 to facilitate a person walking between each of the steps 413.
Referring to fig. 1 and 8, the positioning mechanism includes a plurality of second guide rails 42 fixedly connected to the lower side of the truss system 2, a sliding support 43 is slidably connected to the second guide rails 42 along the length direction thereof, and the sliding support 43 is fixedly connected to a vertical rod 411 in the suspension frame 41. A locking piece 44 for fixing the position of the sliding support 43 on the second guide rail 42 is arranged on the sliding support 43, in the embodiment, the locking piece 44 is a jackscrew, a threaded hole is formed in one side of the sliding support 43, and the jackscrew is screwed in the threaded hole; a constructor can tightly abut the jackscrew on the second guide rail 42 by screwing the jackscrew, so that the sliding support 43 is not easy to slide on the second guide rail 42, and the position of the sliding support 43 on the second guide rail 42 is fixed; of course, the top thread can be unscrewed to release the restriction of the sliding support 43.
Referring to fig. 8, the positioning mechanism further comprises at least one drive assembly. The driving assembly comprises a positioning chain 45, a positioning chain wheel 46 and a positioning motor 47; a positioning motor 47 is arranged on the second guide rail 42, and a driving chain wheel 48 is arranged on an output shaft of the positioning motor 47; two positioning chain wheels 46 are arranged, the two positioning chain wheels 46 are respectively positioned at two ends of the second guide rail 42, and the sliding support 43 on the second guide rail 42 is positioned between the two positioning chain wheels 46; the positioning chain 45 simultaneously passes around the driving sprocket 48 and the positioning sprocket 46 and is fixedly connected with the sliding support 43.
It should be noted that a plurality of sliding supports 43 can be installed on one second guide rail 42 according to requirements, and here, two sliding supports 43 are installed on one second guide rail 42 as an example; the positioning chain 45 is divided into two sections, one section is positioned between the two sliding supports 43, and the two ends of the positioning chain are respectively fixedly connected with the two sliding supports 43; after the other section passes around the driving sprocket 48 and the positioning sprocket 46, both ends of the other section are respectively fixedly connected to the sides of the two sliding supports 43 which are away from each other.
By controlling the positioning motor 47 to rotate forward or backward, the positioning motor 47 can drag the sliding support 43 to move on the second guide rail 42 to a direction close to or away from the building foundation through the positioning chain 45, so as to adjust the distance between the suspension bracket 41 and the building foundation.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the internal mold hoisting system 5 is used for hoisting an internal mold, and includes a plurality of first guide rails 51 installed on the lower side of the truss system 2, and the first guide rails 51 are distributed above the positions where the internal and external walls are to be constructed on the building foundation; a hoisting device 52 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 51, and in the embodiment, the hoisting device 52 is an electric hoist. In operation, a set of internal molds is typically lifted by two lifting devices 52. The internal mold can be lifted or put down by controlling the lifting equipment.
Referring to fig. 1 and 9, the overmold fixation system 6 includes a plurality of template brackets and a plurality of hanger members 62. The template bracket is a beam 61, and the beam 61 is provided with a threading hole 611. When the external template fixing device is used, the cross beam 61 can be fixedly connected with an external template of an external wall through welding, bolt connection and the like, and the cross beam 61 is fixed to the external wall of a building through expansion bolts, so that the external template is fixed to a building foundation. In addition, two adjacent cross beams 61 can be detachably connected together by adopting a bolt connection mode, a flange connection mode and the like, so that the outer formwork can be connected to a building foundation more stably.
Attached to the underside of the truss system 2 is a hanger module 62 which is used to connect the truss system 2 to the external formwork. The hanger module 62 may be implemented with flexible members such as chains, cables, ropes, etc.; when it is a flexible member, it is fixedly attached to the truss system 2. The hanger module 62 may also be a rigid member such as a metal bar member or the like; when it is a rigid member, it is slidably connected to the truss system 2.
The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: during construction, the building machine is firstly installed on a building foundation, an outer formwork of an outer wall and an outer formwork fixing system 6 are connected, an inner formwork of the outer wall and an inner formwork hoisting system 5 are connected, a formwork of the inner wall and the inner formwork hoisting system 5 are connected, and then construction is carried out layer by layer.
When each layer of construction is carried out, firstly, the wall body steel bars of the inner wall and the outer wall corresponding to the layer are bound, and before the wall body steel bars are bound, the inner mould is ensured to be lifted by the inner mould lifting system 5, so that the working of constructors is prevented from being influenced by the templates; then, controlling an internal mold hoisting system 5 to lower the internal mold, and completing mold closing and supporting of corresponding internal and external wall templates; then carrying out concrete pouring on the inner wall and the outer wall; after the initial setting of the concrete is finished, the inner and outer wall templates are dismantled, and the inner mold is hoisted by the inner mold hoisting system 5; then supporting a corresponding layer of roof formwork and completing roof pouring; then removing the top plate mould of the corresponding layer; finally, the climbing system 1 carries the truss system 2, the hanging frame system 4, the internal mold hoisting system 5 and the external mold fixing system 6 to ascend a standard layer, and simultaneously, the templates of the internal and external walls can also ascend the standard layer upwards along with the building machine; interior, outer wall template upwards promotes along with building machine for constructor need not to carry interior, outer wall template in the work progress, has reduced constructor's intensity of labour, has improved the efficiency of construction, has shortened construction cycle.
Example two:
referring to fig. 10, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the outer mould fixing system 6 is structurally different. The outer mold fixing system 6 in this embodiment includes a mold plate holder and a mold stripping device.
The formwork support comprises a supporting frame 63 and a plurality of transverse keels 64, wherein the supporting frame 63 is vertically arranged, the transverse keels 64 are fixed on one side, facing the building foundation, of the supporting frame 63 at intervals from top to bottom, and vertical bolt holes are formed in the transverse keels 64. The formwork support is used for supporting an outer formwork of the outer wall, and when construction is conducted, constructors can fixedly connect formwork back edges of the outer formwork to the cross keel 64 through bolts.
The demolding device comprises a demolding sliding frame 65 arranged on the suspension bracket 41, a demolding trolley 66 connected to the demolding sliding frame 65 in a sliding mode, and a driving mechanism 67 used for driving the demolding trolley 66 to slide on the demolding sliding frame 65, the support template is arranged on the demolding trolley 66, the lower end of the support template is hinged to the demolding trolley 66, and an adjusting mechanism 68 used for driving the template support to rotate around the hinged end is connected between the support template and the demolding trolley 66.
Specifically, the demolding carriage 65 comprises a demolding carriage 65 which comprises a demolding cross beam 651 fixedly connected with the support frame 412 in the suspension frame 41 and a demolding longitudinal beam 652 fixedly connected to the demolding cross beam 651, and the demolding trolley 66 is connected to the demolding longitudinal beam 652 in a sliding mode along the length direction of the demolding longitudinal beam 652.
The driving mechanism 67 comprises an demolding chain 671, an demolding chain wheel 672 and an demolding motor 673, wherein the demolding motor 673 is arranged at one end of the demolding longitudinal beam 652 far away from the basic building; two demolding chain wheels 672 are provided, the two demolding chain wheels 672 are respectively positioned at two ends of the demolding longitudinal beam 652, one of the two demolding chain wheels is installed on an output shaft of the demolding motor 673, and the other demolding chain wheel is hinged on the demolding longitudinal beam 652 through a support; the demolding trolley 66 is positioned between the two demolding chain wheels 672, and an avoidance space for the chain to pass through is arranged on the demolding trolley 66; the demolding chain 671 bypasses the two demolding sprockets 672, and two ends of the demolding chain 671 are respectively fixed on two sides of the demolding trolley 66. The demolding chain 671 drags the demolding trolley 66 to slide on the demolding carriage 65 by controlling the demolding motor 673 to rotate forwards or reversely, so that the distance between the template support and the building foundation is adjusted.
The adjusting mechanism 68 comprises an adjusting pipe 681, a first screw 682 hinged on the template bracket and a second screw 683 hinged on the demoulding trolley 66; one end of the adjusting pipe 681 is sleeved on the first lead screw 682 and is in threaded connection with the first lead screw 682, the other end is sleeved on the second lead screw 683 and is in threaded connection with the second lead screw 683, and the thread directions of the first lead screw 682 and the second lead screw 683 are opposite. The template holder is driven to rotate about its hinged end in different directions by rotating the adjustment tube 681 in either a forward or reverse direction.
The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: during construction, the outer formwork of the outer wall is installed on the formwork support. When the building outer wall and the outer formwork need to be separated, a constructor can rotate the formwork support around the hinged end of the formwork support to the direction far away from the building outer wall by rotating the adjusting pipe 681, so that the outer formwork mounted on the formwork support is gradually separated from the outer wall; the adjusting mechanism 68 makes the separation of the outer formwork from the outer wall easier and more labor-saving. In addition, the constructor can drive the demolding trolley 66 to be gradually far away from the outer wall through the driving mechanism 67, so that a gap is generated between the outer template and the wall, and the outer template is not easy to rub against the outer wall in the climbing process of the building construction machine.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a building construction method.
A building construction method utilizes the building machine to complete the following steps:
s1, installing a building machine on a foundation building according to a design drawing, connecting an outer template of an outer wall with an outer mold fixing system 6, connecting an inner template of the outer wall with an inner mold hoisting system 5, and connecting a template of the inner wall with the inner mold hoisting system 5;
s2, binding corresponding layers of external wall and internal wall steel bars;
s3, completing die assembly and support of the corresponding inner and outer wall templates;
s4, completing concrete pouring of the inner wall and the outer wall of the corresponding layer;
s5, after the initial setting of the concrete is finished, the inner wall template and the outer wall template are disassembled, and the inner template of the outer wall and the template of the inner wall are lifted to the bottom of the truss system 2 by lifting equipment;
s6, supporting a corresponding layer of roof formwork, and completing roof pouring;
s7, removing the top plate mould of the corresponding layer;
s8, if the building construction is not completed, the climbing system 1 carries the truss system 2 and the hanging rack system
4. The inner die hoisting system 5 and the outer die fixing system 6 ascend by a standard layer, and then S2-S7 are repeated; and if the building construction is finished, the building construction machine is dismantled.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A building machine is characterized in that: the climbing device comprises a climbing system (1), a truss system (2), a hanging rack system (4), an internal mold hoisting system (5) and an external mold fixing system (6);
the climbing system (1) comprises a plurality of upright posts (11), and the upright posts (11) are connected with a jacking mechanism;
the truss system (2) is fixed on the top of the climbing system (1);
the hanging rack system (4) comprises a plurality of hanging racks (41) hung below the truss system (2), and when the hanging rack system is used, the hanging racks (41) are arranged around a building body;
the internal mold hoisting system (5) comprises a plurality of hoisting devices arranged on the truss system (2);
the external mold fixing system (6) comprises a template bracket, and the template bracket climbs together with the climbing system (1).
2. A building machine according to claim 1, wherein: a first guide rail (51) is installed on the lower side of the truss system (2), and the hoisting equipment is connected to the first guide rail (51) in a sliding mode.
3. A building machine according to claim 1, wherein: the outer die fixing system (6) further comprises a die withdrawing device, and the die withdrawing device comprises a die withdrawing carriage (65) arranged on the hanging rack system (4), a die withdrawing trolley (66) connected to the die withdrawing carriage (65) in a sliding manner, and a driving mechanism (67) used for driving the die withdrawing trolley (66) to slide on the die withdrawing carriage (65); the lower end of the template support is hinged with the demolding trolley (66), and an adjusting mechanism (68) used for driving the template support to rotate around the hinged end is further connected between the template support and the demolding trolley (66).
4. A building machine according to claim 3, wherein: the adjusting mechanism (68) comprises an adjusting pipe (681), a first screw rod (682) hinged on the template bracket and a second screw rod (683) hinged on the demolding trolley (66); one end of the adjusting pipe (681) is sleeved on the first screw rod (682) and is in threaded connection with the first screw rod (682), the other end of the adjusting pipe is sleeved on the second screw rod (683) and is in threaded connection with the second screw rod (683), and the thread directions of the first screw rod (682) and the second screw rod (683) are opposite.
5. A building machine according to claim 3, wherein: the driving mechanism (67) comprises an demolding chain (671), two demolding chain wheels (672) which are rotationally connected to the demolding carriage (65), and an demolding motor (673) which is arranged on the demolding carriage (65) and used for driving the demolding chain wheels (672) to rotate; the die stripping chain wheels (672) are arranged in the sliding direction of the die stripping trolley (66), and the two die stripping chain wheels (672) are respectively positioned at two sides of the die stripping trolley (66); the demolding chain (671) bypasses the two demolding chain wheels (672), and two ends of the demolding chain (671) are respectively fixed on two sides of the demolding trolley (66).
6. A building machine according to claim 3, wherein: one side of the template support back to the adjusting mechanism (68) is connected with a transverse keel (64) which is transversely arranged, and a bolt hole is formed in the transverse keel (64).
7. A building machine according to claim 1, wherein: the external mold fixing system (6) comprises a hanging module (62), and the hanging module (62) is connected with the truss system (2);
a building machine according to claim 1, wherein: the hanging rack system (4) further comprises a positioning mechanism connected between the hanging rack (41) and the truss system (2);
the positioning mechanism comprises a plurality of second guide rails (42) fixedly connected to the lower side of the truss system (2), sliding supports (43) are connected to the second guide rails (42) in a sliding mode along the length direction of the second guide rails, locking pieces (44) are arranged on the sliding supports (43), and the locking pieces (44) are used for fixing the positions of the sliding supports (43) on the second guide rails (42); the upper end of the suspension bracket (41) is fixedly connected with the sliding support (43).
8. A building machine according to claim 8, wherein: the positioning mechanism further comprises at least one driving component; the driving assembly comprises a positioning chain (45), two positioning chain wheels (46) which are rotatably connected to the second guide rail (42) and a positioning motor (47) which is used for driving the positioning chain wheels (46) to rotate, and a driving chain wheel is installed on an output shaft of the positioning motor (47); the two positioning chain wheels (46) are respectively positioned at two sides of the suspension bracket (41); the positioning chain (45) rounds the two positioning chain wheels (46) and is fixedly connected with the sliding support (43) or the suspension bracket (41).
9. A building machine according to claim 1, wherein: and a spraying system is arranged on the truss system (2).
10. A building construction method using the building machine of any one of claims 1-10 to perform the following steps: the method is characterized in that:
s1, installing a building machine on a foundation building according to a design drawing, connecting an outer template of an outer wall with an outer mold fixing system (6), connecting an inner template of the outer wall with an inner mold hoisting system (5), and connecting a template of an inner wall with the inner mold hoisting system (5);
s2, binding corresponding layers of external wall and internal wall steel bars;
s3, completing die assembly and support of the corresponding inner and outer wall templates;
s4, completing concrete pouring of the inner wall and the outer wall of the corresponding layer;
s5, after the initial setting of the concrete is finished, the inner wall template and the outer wall template are disassembled, and the inner template of the outer wall and the template of the inner wall are lifted to the bottom of the truss system (2) by lifting equipment;
s6, supporting a corresponding layer of roof formwork, and completing roof pouring;
s7, removing the top plate mould of the corresponding layer;
s8, if the building construction is not finished, the climbing system (1) carries the truss system (2), the hanging rack system (4), the internal mold hoisting system (5) and the external mold fixing system (6) to ascend a standard floor, and then S2-S7 are repeated; and if the building construction is finished, the building construction machine is dismantled.
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| CN114892982A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-12 | 中铁一局集团建筑安装工程有限公司 | Energy-saving building machine and truss structure thereof |
| CN116181041A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-30 | 中铁建工集团有限公司 | Building machine of multilayer quick construction |
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