CN112726023A - 一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112726023A
CN112726023A CN202110018427.4A CN202110018427A CN112726023A CN 112726023 A CN112726023 A CN 112726023A CN 202110018427 A CN202110018427 A CN 202110018427A CN 112726023 A CN112726023 A CN 112726023A
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CN112726023B (zh
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郑天翔
杨旭辉
苏步安
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Zhaoqing Tianyi Nonwoven Materials Co ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00Needling machines
    • D04H18/04Needling machines with water jets
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B15/00Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/10Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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    • Y02P70/62Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,水刺工序之后增加浸渍工序;本发明制备的高强度水刺无纺布,纵向断裂强力为334‑350N,横向断裂强力为273‑300N;纵向撕裂强力为110‑124N,横向撕裂强力为115‑122N;45N伸长率:纵向为12‑15.2%,横向为11‑13%;抗弯长度纵向为11‑14cm,横向为12‑14cm。

Description

一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高强度水刺无纺布及其制备方法,涉及水刺无纺布制备技术领域。
背景技术
水刺无纺布是将高压微细水流喷射到一层或多层纤维网上,使纤维相互缠结在一起,从而使纤网得以加固而具备一定强力,得到的织物即为水刺无纺布。
公开号为CN109267242A的中国专利,提供了一种水刺法无纺布的制造方法,它包括形成复合纤维网、梳理、水喷射处理即水刺步骤,其采用使用外层为面料更加柔软的长丝纤维,内侧为刚度更强的复合纤维的技术手段来提升吸收能力和提高柔软性。原材料采用短纤维和纤维素纤维,二者的熔融粘合工艺复杂,温度难控制,设备要求高。而且常温水刺的过程中只是起到将纤维缠结和钩接,纤网內纤维的滑动和转动自由度大,受力变形时纤维和钩接区的伸长及变形大,反映在水刺非织造材料的性能上,强力低易形变,不能提高无纺布的强力,同时也无法保证弹性,工业实用性较差。
申请号为CN03115714.9的中国专利,提供了一种负离子功能性水刺无纺布的生产方法,采用10~100份重量份的负离子功能性纤维和0~90份重量份基础纤维,经称重、开松、机械梳理、杂乱成网、水刺缠结等工序,在形成具有一定强力和密度的三维状结构后再在一定温度下烘干而成的。此专利在于向基础纤维中添加功能性材料,以获得多功效无纺布。
现有技术的水刺无纺布,具有以下缺陷:(1)断裂强力和撕裂强力不能同时提高;(2)提高断裂强力,会导致硬度过硬,无纺布发脆易断。
发明内容
针对上述市场产品所存在的缺陷,本发明为解决以上技术问题,针对现有技术的不足之处,提供一种高强度水刺无纺布及其制备方法,以实现以下发明目的:
(1)本发明得到的高强度水刺无纺布,断裂强力和撕裂强力同时提高;
(2)本发明高强度水刺无纺布,提高断裂强度的同时降低硬度;
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:水刺工序之后增加浸渍工序。
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步改进:
所述水刺工序,包括预湿工序和主水刺工序;
所述预湿工序,水刺头上的水刺针板为单排针,水刺头1、2压强分别为28-32 MPa、38-42MPa,其中水刺用的水温控制23±2℃;
所述单排针孔直径为0.05-0.15mm,孔间距为0.5-1.5mm;
所述主水刺工序水温为60-90℃,优选为80-85℃;
所述主水刺工序,水刺头上的水刺针板为双排针,双排针孔直径为0.05-0.15mm,孔间距为0.5-1.5mm,孔排距为1.4-1.6mm,水刺头3、4压强分别为45-55、57-62Mpa,水刺头5、6压强分别为57-62 MPa、38-42MPa。
所述水刺头与纤网的距离为13-17mm。
所述浸渍工序,水刺后的纤网控制带液率为40-45%,用混合酸浸渍液浸渍该纤网1.5-2.5小时;
浸渍温度为75-85℃,轧辊压力95-105kN/m;
纤网与混合酸浸渍液的比例按W(公斤)/V(升)为1:5-10。
所述混合酸浸渍液,由10-13V%的亚硫酸溶液和30-50V%的磷酸溶液混合而成,亚硫酸溶液与磷酸溶液的质量比为5-7:2。
所述干燥工序, 取出纤网,降至20-30℃,用反渗透水冲洗掉残留的混合酸酸,于80-90℃下热风穿透烘干定型。
所述制备无纺布的工序包括开清工序、梳理工序、铺网工序、水刺工序、浸渍工序、干燥工序。
本发明制备的高强度水刺无纺布,克重为80 g/m2时,纵向断裂强力为334-350N,横向断裂强力为273-300N;纵向撕裂强力为110-124N,横向撕裂强力为115-122N;45N伸长率:纵向为12-15.2%,横向为11-13%;抗弯长度纵向为11-14cm,横向为12-14cm。
本发明的发明人通过在高压水泵前加装一个加热装置,将水温升至60-90℃,通过高温的水针射流喷射在纤维表面,温度高的热水能够更好的润湿纤维,先使纤维发生应力松弛,纤维的分子链段进行重排,更多的沿轴向排列,提高纤维的强力,同时通过加大水刺头水压强来提高强力,最后再通过浸渍工艺,克服了纤网/无纺布经高温水刺处理后导致的硬度过大、发脆的缺陷,断裂强力和撕裂强力均比同种类普通无纺布高,硬度适中(抗弯长度)、手感柔性好。
采用上述技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明得到的高强度水刺无纺布,强力高:断裂强力和撕裂强力能同时得到提高,能抵抗更大的外力破坏;克重为80 g/m2时,纵向断裂强力为334-350N,横向断裂强力为273-300N;纵向撕裂强力为110-124N,横向撕裂强力为115-122N。
(2)本发明得到的高强度水刺无纺布,45N伸长率:纵向为12-15.2%,横向为11-13%。
(3)本发明高强度水刺无纺布,在保持一定的高强力下,硬度适中,硬度(抗弯长度)纵向为11-14cm,横向为12-14cm。
附图说明
图1为本发明的水刺工序示意图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1 一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法
本发明的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,包括开清工序、梳理工序、铺网工序、水刺工序、浸渍工序和干燥工序,具体为:
步骤1、开清工序
选用的原料为丙纶短纤,纤维的规格为:线密度3旦尼尔,主体长度75mm,断裂强度≥4.5cN/dtex。
选用二台德国TEMAFA公司制造的抓棉机,该机料斗称量精确,最小精确至1g,最大称重为3000g。
设定的参数(涉及到的速度都是按照控制电机速度范围从0-100%表示)如下:
输棉帘:速度为20m/min;
光电控制:监测物料状态实行自动控制喂料;
均棉罗拉:速度为60rpm;
角钉帘:速度为30m/min;
剥棉打手:速度为80rpm;
活门:根据称斗填充原料达到设定的2000g后关闭,其余时间是打开状态;
秤斗:两台抓棉机都设定2000g;
秤斗活门:两台抓棉机称斗同时达到设定的2000g后打开;
混棉帘子:秤斗活门打开后运行至秤斗活门关闭时停止。
步骤2、梳理工序
选用法国进口NSC公司制造的针布罗拉梳理机,设定梳理机喂入纤维量的克重为40克每平方米,生产线速度为19 m/min。
步骤3、铺网工序
采用法国NSC公司制造的交叉铺网机。该设备具有“纤网横截面整形系统(profiling)”功能,该系统采用计算机和伺服电机来控制铺网过程中薄纤网的牵伸和运动,按照要求的最终纤网横截面形状来铺叠,例如两边薄,中间厚,来补偿后道加固处理时的牵伸影响。
所述的铺网工序,铺网宽度6米,搭接系数为0.070m,铺网机输入幅宽为2.25m,铺网层数5层,单层棉网的重量是21.5g/m2
步骤4、水刺工序
通过高压水流对纤网进行连续喷射,在水力作用下使纤网中纤维运动、位移二重新排列和相互缠结,使纤网得以加固而获得一定的物理机械性能。
水刺工序所用设备包括3台转鼓水刺机,3台转鼓水刺机包含6个水刺头。
所述水刺工序,包括预湿工序和主水刺工序;
所述预湿工序,采用第一台转鼓水刺机,水刺头上的水刺针板为单排针,单排针孔直径为0.1mm,孔间距为1mm,水刺头1、2压强分别为30、40MPa。其中水刺用的水温控制23℃。
每个水刺头控制一排针板;
孔间距是单排针喷水孔的间距;
水刺头与纤网的距离为18mm。
所述主水刺工序,采用第二台和第三台转鼓水刺机,水刺头上的水刺针板为双排针,双排针孔直径为0.1mm,孔间距为1mm,孔排距为1.5mm,水刺头3、4压强分别为50、60Mpa,水刺头5、6压强分别为60、40MPa。其中水刺用的水温控制80-85℃;
水刺头与纤网的距离为15mm。
步骤5、浸渍工序
水刺后的纤网经初步轧棍轧过,控制带液率为43%,用混合酸浸渍液浸渍2小时,纤网与混合酸浸渍液的比例按W(公斤)/V(升)为1:6。
浸渍温度80℃,轧辊压力100kN/m;
所述混合酸浸渍液,由12.5V%的亚硫酸溶液和44V%的磷酸溶液混合而成,亚硫酸溶液与磷酸溶液的质量比为7:2。
所述12.5V%的亚硫酸溶液的配制方法为将质量浓度90%以上的亚硫酸,采用去氧水稀释至亚硫酸的体积占比为12.5V%;
所述44V%的磷酸溶液的配制方法为将质量浓度90%以上的磷酸,采用去氧水稀释至磷酸的体积占比为44V%。
步骤6、干燥工序
取出纤网,降至20℃,用反渗透水冲洗掉残留的混合酸,于80℃下热风穿透烘干定型。
本发明采用混合酸浸渍液浸渍,克服了纤网/无纺布经高温水刺处理后导致的硬度过大、发脆的缺陷,本发明得到的无纺布,断裂强力和撕裂强力均比同种类普通无纺布高,硬度适中(抗弯长度)、手感柔性好、能抵抗更大的外力破坏,特别适合家具装潢行业。
步骤8、切边卷绕
经切边、卷绕机卷绕出成品。
对比例1
在实施例1的基础上,仅水刺工序不同:水刺温度均采用常温(23℃),其余与实施例1完全相同。
对比例2
在实施例1的基础上,仅浸渍工序不同:无浸渍步骤,水刺工序后直接于80-90℃下热风穿透烘干定型,其余与实施例1完全相同。
以下是试验结果,实施例1:本发明的80g/m2水刺无纺布。
对比例1-2:克重为80 g/m2
Figure 349789DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
由上表可知:
(1)本发明实施例1得到的高强度水刺无纺布,强力高:断裂强力和撕裂强力能同时得到提高,能抵抗更大的外力破坏;纵向断裂强力为334.2N,横向断裂强力为273N;纵向撕裂强力为110N,横向撕裂强力为115N;
(2)本发明实施例1得到的高强度水刺无纺布, 45N伸长率:纵向为15.2%,横向为12.37%;
(3)本发明实施例1制备的高强度水刺无纺布,在保持一定的高强力下,硬度适中,表述硬度的抗弯长度相比传统水刺无纺布提升显著,更适合在家具装潢行业的应用;硬度(抗弯长度)纵向为12.05cm,横向为13.41cm。
除非另有说明,本发明中所采用的百分数均为质量百分数,所述比例均为质量比例。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:水刺工序之后增加浸渍工序。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述浸渍工序,用混合酸浸渍液浸渍纤网,纤网与混合酸浸渍液的比例按W(公斤)/V(升)为1: 5-10。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述混合酸浸渍液,由10-13V%的亚硫酸溶液和30-50V%的磷酸溶液混合而成,所述亚硫酸溶液与磷酸溶液的质量比为5-7:2。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述浸渍工序,浸渍温度为75-85℃,轧辊压力95-105kN/m;浸渍前纤网控制带液率为40-45%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述水刺工序,包括预湿工序和主水刺工序;所述预湿工序的温度为23±2℃,所述主水刺工序的温度为60-90℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预湿工序,水刺头1、2的压强分别为28-32 MPa、38-42MPa;所述主水刺工序,水刺头3、4压强分别为45-55、57-62Mpa,水刺头5、6压强分别为57-62 MPa、38-42MPa。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预湿工序,水刺头上的水刺针板为单排针,所述单排针孔直径为0.05-0.15mm,孔间距为0.5-1.5mm。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述主水刺工序,水刺头上的水刺针板为双排针,双排针孔直径为0.05-0.15mm,孔间距为0.5-1.5mm,孔排距为1.4-1.6mm。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述水刺工序,水刺头与纤网的距离为13-17mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高强度水刺无纺布,克重为80 g/m2时,纵向断裂强力为334-350N,横向断裂强力为273-300N;纵向撕裂强力为110-124N,横向撕裂强力为115-122N,
抗弯长度纵向为11-14cm,横向为12-14cm。
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