CN112725931A - Hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112725931A
CN112725931A CN201910972132.3A CN201910972132A CN112725931A CN 112725931 A CN112725931 A CN 112725931A CN 201910972132 A CN201910972132 A CN 201910972132A CN 112725931 A CN112725931 A CN 112725931A
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China
Prior art keywords
polyester
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
component
fiber
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CN201910972132.3A
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CN112725931B (en
Inventor
史利梅
王栋
刘传生
赵青华
李映
路广
王伟
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fibre Co Ltd
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fibre Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fiber consists of a modified hydrophilic polyester component A and a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; the mass ratio of the component A to the component B is 1: 9-9: 1; the modified hydrophilic polyester component A is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-100% of hydrophilic polyester and 0-30% of hydrophilic polyester compatilizer; the modified hydrophobic polyester component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-100% of hydrophobic polyester and 0-30% of hydrophobic polyester compatilizer. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber prepared by the invention has good crimpability and air permeability, so that the fiber has good cohesive force and fluffy comfort, and the crimpability, the fluffy degree and the pore structure of the fiber change along with the changes of external environment or human body temperature and perspiration strength, so that the fabric has the functions of intelligently adjusting the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and intelligently adjusting the perspiration speed.

Description

Hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of functional polyester materials, and particularly relates to hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber and a preparation method and application thereof.
Prior Art
The perspiration is the most key and the most main physiological behavior of the human body for regulating the body temperature and the comfort, the regulation and control of the perspiration by various textile materials are one of the targets of realizing the beautiful life of the human beings all the time, the heat and moisture comfort including the water absorption and the moisture permeation is an important performance index of the textile, and the design of the fiber material which can realize the intelligent regulation of the moisture absorption and perspiration functions according to the internal and external environmental temperatures of the human body has important significance.
The method for obtaining the profiled cross section fiber or the hollow fiber with the groove structure through the spinning process is the most common method for adjusting heat and humidity comfort, and the wetting and sweat guiding are mainly increased by the high specific surface area of the profiled cross section. For example: coolmax manufactured by dupont, Wellkey, a porous polyester hollow fiber of tei japan, Coolplus of zhongxing textile of taiwan, Coolbst of instrumented chemical fiber, and the like. On the other hand, hydrophilic materials are compounded with materials such as polyester through a surface coating or composite spinning method to improve the hydrophilicity and moisture absorption and release capacity of the fiber, and the heat and moisture comfort of the fiber is further improved. Typical products include silk protein-coated high-moisture-absorption fiber Wellkey. MA of Digen corporation, skin nylon of Yneeka corporation, composite fiber Hygra of core-layer water-absorption polymer, EVOH and polyester two-component skin-core composite fiber Sophista of Coli corporation, and the like. However, the hydrophilic and moisture-absorbing capacity of the fiber is usually only enhanced, even if the high-hydrophilic polyester and the high-hydrophilic polyester are adopted as the skin layers of the bicomponent sheath-core fiber, the cross section and the internal structure of the fiber are both prepared into an asymmetric type, the internal deformability of the two components is very small, and the fiber does not have the capacity of changing the bending form along with the change of the temperature and the humidity in the environment; for the existing bicomponent parallel fiber, even if one component adopts high hydrophilic polyester, the high hydrophilic polyester and the other component are symmetrically distributed on the section (for example, the 8-shaped fiber is vertically symmetrical by a central point), a larger internal torsion exists between the two components, so that the fiber generates three-dimensional spiral self-curling after being stretched, the fiber only has the capacities of absorbing and releasing moisture and better fluffiness and rebound resilience, and does not have the capacity of changing the bending form along with the change of temperature and humidity in the environment, and the fiber is only suitable for filling materials.
The existing products and technologies mainly achieve the purpose of enhancing the moisture absorption and wicking capabilities of the fibers and fabrics thereof by changing the cross-sectional shapes and the hydrophilicities of the fibers. However, the existing product does not have a hydrophilic asymmetric structure, does not have the ability of influencing the fiber curling degree, the filling power and the pore structure by the perspiration intensity when the external environment or the temperature of a human body changes, and does not have the function of intelligently adjusting the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and the sweat evaporation speed. The social demand for more humanized and intelligent textiles is increasing day by day at the present stage, and intelligent fibers and fabrics capable of automatically adjusting and controlling thermal comfort are still insufficient.
Chinese patent CN105177740, entitled "two-component special-shaped hollow high moisture absorption crimped composite fiber and preparation method thereof", provides a two-component special-shaped hollow high moisture absorption crimped composite fiber and preparation method thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: spinning is carried out on a two-component composite spinning machine, a polyester melt flows into a first O-shaped structure spinneret orifice of an 8-shaped spinneret orifice through a first flow guide hole in a first flow guide groove on a melt distribution plate, a nylon 56 melt flows into a second O-shaped structure spinneret orifice of the 8-shaped spinneret orifice after passing through a second flow guide hole in a second flow guide groove on the melt distribution plate, the melts flowing out of the first O-shaped structure spinneret orifice and the second O-shaped structure spinneret orifice are firmly bonded into a whole through the action of an adhesive, a cross-blowing mode is adopted for cooling, primary fibers are obtained, and the two-component special-shaped hollow high-moisture-absorption crimped composite fibers are obtained through post-treatment. The fiber is terylene/chinlon 56 bi-component parallel hollow short fiber, the cross section of the fiber is of a peanut type, the middle connection point of two peanut petals is taken as a symmetrical point, the bi-component is symmetrically distributed into the two peanut petals, larger torsion always exists between the two peanut petals and the related fiber has obvious three-dimensional spiral three-dimensional curling, and the fiber has the main functions of high moisture absorption and high resilience and fluffiness brought by the three-dimensional curling. The fiber prepared by the method has the problems that the compatibility of PA6 and PET materials is poor, the fiber is easy to be drawn, and the fabric is fluffy and pilling.
Chinese patent CN03131226.8 "elastic hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite yarn and moisture-controlling elastic fabric made therefrom" discloses a composite textile yarn and moisture-controlling elastic fabric made therefrom, the yarn comprising three monocomponent fibers, namely, elastic filaments and hydrophilic fibers at the center of the yarn and embedded in a matrix of the hydrophobic fibers, the hydrophobic fibers being concentrated at the periphery of the yarn, and a transition region where two fibers coexist exists between the hydrophilic fibers concentrated at the periphery of the elastic filaments at the center of the yarn and the hydrophobic fibers concentrated at the periphery. The hydrophobic fibers employed in this patent comprise continuous flat or textured continuous filament yarns of polyester fibers and the hydrophilic fibers comprise flat or textured continuous filament yarns of modified nylon 6 or nylon 66. The patent yarn can be used for a double-sided moisture control elastic fabric, hydrophobic yarns are concentrated in the fabric surface in contact with the body, composite yarns are concentrated in the outer surface of the fabric, and the purposes of moisture absorption and sweat releasing moisture control are achieved through the synergistic effect of the two yarns.
Chinese patent 200910212139.1 "unidirectional moisture-conductive quick-drying comfortable cloth and manufacturing method thereof" discloses a unidirectional moisture-conductive quick-drying comfortable cloth, comprising: a hydrophilic backing having an inner surface and an outer surface, the hydrophilic backing comprising fibrous material; and a plurality of hydrophobic patterns embedded in the inner surface, wherein the hydrophobic patterns are configured to allow the hydrophilic base fabric to absorb sweat from the inner surface and transport the sweat to the outer surface through capillary suction. The fiber cloth with the one-way moisture-conducting quick-drying comfortable structure and the manufacturing method thereof aim to solve the problem that the moisture or sweat on the existing cloth causes the skin of a wearer to generate sticky and uncomfortable feeling, and the manufacturing process is simple and the cloth is light. The invention relates to a hydrophilic base fabric which is made of moisture-conductive quick-drying comfortable cloth, wherein the fiber material is single-component fiber and comprises one of nylon fiber, polyester fiber, aromatic polyamide fiber, rayon fiber, bamboo fiber, carbon fiber, polylactic acid fiber or tencel fiber, and the capillary siphon effect is generated through special fabric tissue design to absorb sweat on the inner surface and convey the sweat to the outer surface.
Chinese patent CN202610411 "a cross groove type polyester staple fiber", the utility model provides a cross groove type polyester staple fiber, the cross section of which is a cross structure, and the surface of the polyester staple fiber is also provided with a wave-shaped groove. The wavy groove can be a wavy groove which is continuously arranged or a plurality of wavy grooves which are discontinuously arranged at equal intervals. The cross groove type terylene short fiber weaved fabric of the utility model is easy to form micropores and enhances the functions of moisture absorption and sweat releasing. The fiber prepared by the method is single-component short fiber, and the moisture absorption and sweat releasing effects are achieved by the capillary effect generated by the cross-shaped grooves on the surface of the fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber. The hydrophilic polyester and the hydrophobic polyester are adopted as raw materials, the two components are subjected to melt blending spinning, and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is prepared through a two-component spinning component, has good crimpness and air permeability, so that the fiber has good cohesive force and fluffy comfort, and the crimping degree, fluffy degree and pore structure of the fiber change along with the changes of the external environment or the temperature of a human body and the perspiration strength, so that the fabric has the functions of intelligently adjusting the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and intelligently adjusting the perspiration speed.
The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber according to the present invention comprises a modified hydrophilic polyester component a and a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; the mass ratio of the component A to the component B is 1: 9-9: 1; the modified hydrophilic polyester component A is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-100% of hydrophilic polyester and 0-30% of hydrophilic polyester compatilizer; the modified hydrophobic polyester component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-100% of hydrophobic polyester and 0-30% of hydrophobic polyester compatilizer.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the component A to the component B is 2: 8-8: 2.
preferably, the modified hydrophilic polyester component A is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80% of hydrophilic polyester and 30-20% of hydrophilic polyester compatilizer; the modified hydrophobic polyester component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80% of hydrophobic polyester and 30-20% of hydrophobic polyester compatilizer.
Wherein the polyester is one of PET, PBT and PTT; the hydrophilic polyester is one of hydrophilic PET, hydrophilic PBT and hydrophilic PTT; the hydrophobic polyester is one of hydrophobic PET, hydrophobic PBT and hydrophobic PTT.
Furthermore, the hydrophilic contact angle of the hydrophilic polyester is not more than 70 degrees, and the hydrophilic contact angle of the hydrophobic polyester is not less than 90 degrees. After the hydrophilic contact angle of the hydrophilic polyester and the hydrophilic contact angle of the hydrophobic polyester meet the requirements, the hydrophilic polyester compatilizer and the hydrophobic polyester compatilizer can be added by 0.
After the hydrophilic polyester compatilizer is added into the high-hydrophilic polyester, the high-hydrophilic polyester has better hydrophilic performance and larger difference with the shrinkage performance of hydrophobic polyester, and the fiber has stronger capability of changing the curling degree, the filling power and the pore structure along with the change of the external environment or the temperature of a human body and the perspiration strength; and the hydrophobic performance of the polyester can be further improved by adding the hydrophobic polyester compatilizer.
Preferably, the hydrophilic polyester compatilizer is one of acrylic acid grafted PET, acrylic acid grafted PBT and acrylic acid grafted PTT.
Further, the hydrophobic polyester compatilizer is one of polytetrafluoroethylene copolymerized PET, polytetrafluoroethylene copolymerized PBT and polytetrafluoroethylene copolymerized PTT.
The preparation method of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber comprises the following steps,
(1) preparation of modified hydrophilic polyester component a:
mixing hydrophilic polyester and a hydrophilic polyester compatilizer according to a proportion, drying, and then blending and modifying by a double-screw extruder to obtain a modified hydrophilic polyester component A;
(2) preparation of modified hydrophobic polyester component B:
mixing hydrophobic polyester and a hydrophobic polyester compatilizer according to a proportion, drying, and then blending and modifying by a double-screw extruder to prepare a modified hydrophobic polyester component B;
(3) preparing hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fibers:
the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is prepared by adopting a two-component composite spinning machine, respectively drying the modified hydrophilic polyester component and the modified hydrophobic polyester component B which are prepared, putting the dried components into an extrusion system of the two-component composite spinning machine, and carrying out melting, metering by a metering pump in proportion, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate.
The spinneret orifices used by the bicomponent composite spinning machine in the step (3) are of a bicomponent type, the cross section of the fibers is of one of a parallel round shape, a two-circle intersection type, a parallel hollow round shape, a parallel Y-shaped shape, a parallel T-shaped shape, a parallel cross-shaped shape, a parallel king-shaped shape, a parallel rice-shaped shape or a parallel non-shaped shape.
The hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is applied to spinning and weaving, and the prepared fabric can realize the effect that when the external environment or the temperature of a human body changes, the human body perspiration intensity influences the bending degree and the fluffy degree of the fiber, further influences the pore structure of the fabric, and achieves the purposes of intelligently regulating and controlling the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and the perspiration evaporation speed.
The fabric prepared from the hydrophilic/hydrophobic double-component polyester fiber can realize that when the external environment or the temperature of a human body changes, the human body perspiration strength influences the bending degree and the fluffy degree of the fiber, further influences the pore structure of the fabric, and achieves the purpose of intelligently regulating and controlling the moisture absorption perspiration speed and the perspiration evaporation speed.
When the external environment temperature is higher or the human body perspires due to movement, the sweat temperature and the steam gradient thereof enable the fibers with different hydrophilic structures at two sides to bend or distort, so that the fibers and the fabric are fluffy and the pore structure is changed, the evaporation of the sweat is accelerated, and meanwhile, the groove structure and the hydrophilic function of the fiber A component increase the wetting and capillary functions of the sweat, thereby realizing the moisture absorption and perspiring; on the other hand, the fiber B component is a hydrophobic polyester material, so that water can be drained quickly, and the cooperation of the two functions can realize quick perspiration and improve the comfort level of the fabric. When the environmental temperature is increased in a small range or the human body movement is weakened and the perspiration is reduced, the bending or twisting degree of the composite fiber and the structure of the fabric hole are finely adjusted, the perspiration evaporation degree and the perspiration guiding function are slightly reduced, the perspiration speed is slightly reduced, and the comfortableness is kept. When the environmental temperature is lower or the human body does not move or sweat does not exist, the bending or twisting degree of the composite fiber and the pore structure of the fabric are changed again, the aim of improving the bulkiness of the fabric is only achieved, the heat preservation effect is achieved, and the comfort is still maintained.
Compared with the Chinese patent CN105177740, which is a double-component special-shaped hollow high-moisture-absorption crimped composite fiber and a preparation method thereof, the invention takes the longest axis of the peanut form as a symmetry axis, the high-hydrophilic polyester and the conventional polyester are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the long axis, the torsion between the two components is small under normal temperature and dry state, the fiber is kept in a two-dimensional low-crimp state, and the invention is suitable for conventional spinning production. Under the temperature and humidity stable state, due to the synergistic effect of the high-hydrophilic polyester and the groove structure, the fabric has the moisture absorption and sweat releasing effects similar to those of the comparison patent, in addition, the fiber and the fabric of the invention have the effects which are not possessed by the patent, namely after the temperature and the humidity change, the high-hydrophilic polyester of the invention generates deformation after absorbing moisture, the torsion is increased, the bending degree is increased, and the gaps among the fibers and the fluffiness of the fabric are further influenced, so that the fabric has the functions of influencing the bending degree and the fluffiness of the fiber by the human sweat releasing intensity when the external environment or the human body temperature changes, further influencing the fabric pore structure, and achieving the intelligent regulation and control of the moisture absorption and sweat releasing speed and the sweat evaporating speed; and the phenomena of fiber drawing, fabric fluffing and pilling and the like cannot be easily caused.
Compared with three single-component fibers in an elastic hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite yarn and a moisture control elastic fabric made of the elastic composite yarn as in Chinese patent CN03131226.8 and three single-component fibers in a one-way moisture-conducting quick-drying comfortable fabric as in Chinese patent 200910212139.1 and a manufacturing method thereof, the hydrophilic polyester and the hydrophobic polyester are adopted, and are subjected to two-component melt blending spinning to prepare a hydrophilic-hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber through a two-component spinning component, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber generates a simple moisture absorption and sweat release effect through a high hydrophilic function of a component B and a groove on the surface when the temperature and the humidity are stable, and has an intelligent regulation and control function which is not possessed by common moisture absorption and sweat release fibers, namely after the temperature and the humidity of the fiber and the fabric are changed, the high hydrophilic polyester of the component B generates shrinkage deformation after moisture absorption, the component A is not influenced, the torsion of the fiber is increased, and the bending degree of the fiber and the bulkiness, therefore, when the external environment or the human body temperature changes, the curling degree, the filling power and the pore structure of the fiber change along with the changes of the external environment or the human body temperature and the perspiration strength, so that the fabric has the function of intelligently regulating the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and the sweat evaporation speed.
Compared with the Chinese patent CN202610411 'a cross groove type polyester staple fiber', the invention does not have the hydrophilic asymmetric structure of the invention, and also does not have the function that when the external environment or the temperature of the human body changes, the human body perspiration strength influences the bending degree and the fluffy degree of the fiber, further influences the fabric pore structure, and achieves the intelligent regulation and control of the moisture absorption perspiration speed and the perspiration evaporation speed.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber prepared by the invention, the ratio range of the component A to the component B is 1: 9-9: 1, and the asymmetric-symmetric-asymmetric transformation of the bicomponent polyester fiber can be realized through the difference of the contraction and distortion states of the A, B components in different temperature and humidity environments, so that the functions of adjusting the curling and distortion shapes of the fiber by temperature and humidity are increased.
2. The component A in the hydrophilic/hydrophobic double-component polyester fiber prepared by the invention adopts a modified hydrophilic polyester material, the component B adopts a modified hydrophobic polyester material, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic function is realized in the same fiber, the fiber generates pure moisture absorption and sweat releasing effects through the high hydrophilic function of the component A and the grooves on the surface when the temperature and the humidity are stable, in addition, the fiber also has the intelligent regulation and control functions which are not possessed by common moisture absorption and sweat releasing fibers, namely after the temperature and the humidity of the fiber and the fabric are changed, the high hydrophilic polyester of the component A of the invention generates shrinkage deformation after moisture absorption, the component B is not influenced, the torsion of the fiber is increased, and the bending degree of the fiber and the bulkiness of the fabric are further influenced, so that when the external environment or the human body temperature is changed, the crimping degree, the bulkiness and the pore structure of the fiber are changed along with the changes of the external environment or the human body temperature and the strength, therefore, the fabric has the functions of intelligently adjusting the moisture absorption and sweat release speed and intelligently adjusting the sweat evaporation speed, and in addition, the air permeability of the fabric under the high-temperature and high-humidity condition is obviously improved.
3. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber prepared by the invention can adopt spinneret plates with the cross-sectional shapes of Y-shaped, T-shaped, cross-shaped, king-shaped, rice-shaped and non-shaped besides preferably adopting a bicomponent circular spinneret plate, so that the prepared fiber has larger specific surface area and enhanced perspiration and moisture permeability.
4. The preparation method of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber combines various spinning technologies, designs and prepares the intelligent polyester fiber with adjustable heat and humidity comfort, the fiber has a special-shaped section, and the section has a hydrophilic asymmetric internal structure, so that when the external environment or the temperature of a human body changes, the human body perspiration strength influences the bending degree and the fluffiness of the fiber, further influences the pore structure of the fabric, and achieves the purpose of intelligently adjusting and controlling the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and the perspiration evaporation speed.
5. When the temperature of the external environment is higher or the human body perspires due to movement, the temperature of sweat and the steam gradient thereof enable the fibers with different hydrophilic structures on the two sides to bend or distort and deform, so that the fibers and the fabric are fluffy, the pore structure is changed, the evaporation of the sweat is accelerated, and meanwhile, the groove structure of the fibers and the hydrophilic function of the component A increase the wetting and capillary functions of the sweat, thereby realizing moisture absorption and perspiration; on the other hand, the fiber B component is a hydrophobic polyester material, so that water can be drained quickly, and the cooperation of the two functions can realize quick perspiration and improve the comfort level of the fabric.
6. When the environmental temperature is slightly increased or the human body movement is weakened and the perspiration is reduced, the bending or twisting degree of the composite fiber and the fabric pore structure are finely adjusted, the perspiration evaporation degree and the perspiration guiding function are slightly reduced, the perspiration speed is slightly reduced, and the comfort is kept.
7. When the environment temperature is low or the human body does not move and does not perspire, the bending or twisting degree of the composite fiber and the pore structure of the fabric are changed again, so that the purpose of improving the bulkiness of the fabric is only achieved, the heat preservation effect is achieved, and the comfort still exists.
8. The hydrophilic polyester and the hydrophobic polyester are adopted as raw materials, the hydrophilic polyester and the hydrophobic polyester are subjected to double-component melt spinning, and a double-component spinning assembly is adopted to prepare the hydrophilic and hydrophobic double-component polyester fiber, so that the hydrophilic and hydrophobic double-component polyester fiber has higher crimpness, wicking height, better air permeability and drying rate, the fiber has good cohesive force, the prepared textile has good fluffy comfort, air permeability, good moisture absorption and quick-drying functions, the air permeability of the textile under the high-temperature and high-humidity condition is improved, and the purposes that when the external environment or the temperature of a human body changes, the human body perspiration strength influences the bending degree and fluffy degree of the fiber, further influences the pore structure of the textile and achieves the intelligent regulation and control of the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and.
9. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber prepared by the invention can be applied to the preparation of fabrics with intelligent control functions of intelligently adjusting moisture absorption and sweat release speed and sweat evaporation speed. The intelligent polyester fiber with the asymmetric structure and the heat-humidity comfort regulation, which is designed and developed by the invention, not only has huge market prospect, but also has important social value and epoch significance.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
70kg of hydrophilic PET with a hydrophilic contact angle of 70 degrees and 30kg of acrylic acid grafted PET are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 630kg of hydrophobic PET with a hydrophilic contact angle of 90 degrees and 270kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PET are dried and uniformly mixed, and then are blended and modified by a double-screw extruder to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B after being dried; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 7:3, and two-component composite spinning with parallel round spinneret orifices is carried out through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 2
160kg of hydrophilic PBT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 65 degrees and 40kg of acrylic acid grafted PBT are dried and uniformly mixed, then are blended and modified by a double-screw extruder, and are dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 640kg of hydrophobic PBT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 95 degrees and 160kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PBT are dried and uniformly mixed, then are blended and modified by a double-screw extruder, and are dried to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 8:2, and two-component composite spinning with two intersected circular spinneret orifices is carried out through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 3
270kg of hydrophilic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 60 degrees and 30kg of acrylic acid grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 630kg of hydrophobic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 100 degrees and 70kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PTT, drying and uniformly mixing, then blending and modifying by using a double-screw extruder, and drying to obtain a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 3:7, and two-component composite spinning with Y-shaped spinneret holes is carried out through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 4
Drying 400kg of hydrophilic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 55 degrees to obtain a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 420kg of hydrophobic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 105 degrees and 180kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 4:6, and two-component composite spinning with T-shaped spinneret orifices is carried out through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 5
400kg of hydrophilic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 50 degrees and 100kg of acrylic acid grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 400kg of hydrophobic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 110 degrees is dried to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 5:5, and the two-component composite spinning with the ten-shaped spinneret orifices is carried out through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 6
420kg of hydrophilic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 50 degrees and 180kg of acrylic acid grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 280kg of hydrophobic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 110 degrees and 120kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, and then are blended and modified by a double-screw extruder to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B after being dried; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 6:4, and the two-component composite spinning with the spinneret orifices in the shape of the Chinese character 'wang' is carried out through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 7
630kg of hydrophilic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 50 degrees and 70kg of acrylic acid grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 270kg of hydrophobic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 110 degrees and 30kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, and then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 7:3, and through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, two-component composite spinning with spinneret holes in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi' is carried out, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 8
640kg of hydrophilic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 50 degrees and 160kg of acrylic acid grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 160kg of hydrophobic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 110 degrees and 40kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, and then are blended and modified by a double-screw extruder to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B after being dried; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 8:2, and the two-component composite spinning with non-shaped spinneret orifices is carried out through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 9
630kg of hydrophilic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 50 degrees and 270kg of acrylic acid grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 70kg of hydrophobic PTT with a hydrophilic contact angle of 110 degrees and 30kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PTT are dried and uniformly mixed, and then are blended and modified by a double-screw extruder to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B after being dried; then, the component A and the component B are placed in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine according to the mass ratio of 9:1, and through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate, two-component composite spinning with a cross-shaped spinneret orifice is carried out, so that the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is obtained.
Example 10
70kg of hydrophilic PET with a hydrophilic contact angle of 70 degrees and 30kg of acrylic acid grafted PET are dried and uniformly mixed, then a double-screw extruder is used for blending modification, and the mixture is dried to be used as a modified hydrophilic polyester component A; 630kg of hydrophobic PET with a hydrophilic contact angle of 90 degrees and 270kg of polytetrafluoroethylene grafted PET are dried and uniformly mixed, and then are blended and modified by a double-screw extruder to be used as a modified hydrophobic polyester component B after being dried; then, mixing the component A and the component B in a mass ratio of 6:4, placing the mixture in an extrusion system of a two-component composite spinning machine, and carrying out two-component composite spinning with parallel round spinneret orifices through melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate to obtain the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber.
Example 11
Example 11 the same raw materials and preparation method as example 1, except that the mass ratio of the modified hydrophilic polyester component a to the modified hydrophobic polyester component B was 1: 9.
example 12
Example 11 the same raw materials and preparation method as example 1, except that the mass ratio of the modified hydrophilic polyester component a to the modified hydrophobic polyester component B was 2: 8.
test example 1
The fiber performance characterization is respectively carried out on the monocomponent round polyester fibers with the same specification (single-filament fineness and length) as blank comparison samples and the fiber samples of the above examples, and the fabric performance characterization is carried out on the fabrics woven into the same fabric weave structure, and comprises the following steps:
1. the crimp degree of the fiber is detected by a chemical fiber short fiber crimp performance test method of national standard GB/T14338-;
2. the moisture absorption of the fiber is characterized by adopting the wicking height of the fiber fabric, and is detected by a method for detecting the wicking height of the fabric in the evaluation part 1 of the moisture absorption and quick drying of the textile according to the national standard GB/T21665.1-2008;
3. the air permeability of the fiber is tested by adopting a method for testing the air permeability of textile fabrics in national standard GB/T5453-1997; i.e. a test area of 20cm2Pressure drop of 100Pa, 10 times of tests at different parts, and calculating the obtained air permeability R (secondary standard atmosphere, 20 ℃, RH 65%); the single-component round polyester fiber with the same specification is woven into the fabric with the same fabric structure as a blank comparison sample.
4. The drying rate of the fiber, the sample was fixed on a sample holder of a precision electronic balance (accurate to 0.001g), the amount of water added to the sample was 0.5g, the change in mass of the sample at 20min was measured, and the drying rate of the sample was calculated.
Drying Rate ═ Wt-Wst)/(W0-Wst) 100% of W whereintIs the weight of the fiber at time t; w0Weight of fabric immediately after dropping water droplets on the fiber, WstThe weight of the fiber after 24 hours of equilibrium is measured under the environment that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 60%.
The results obtained are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 moisture absorption and drainage Properties of fibers and fabrics
Figure BDA0002232426400000111
The air permeability of the fabric under different temperature and humidity conditions is tested by weaving single-component round polyester fibers with the same specification into the fabric with the same fabric structure by adopting a test method of the air permeability of textile fabric of national standard GB/T5453-1997; i.e. a test area of 20cm2Measuring different parts for 10 times under the pressure drop of 100Pa, and calculating the obtained air permeability R; table 2 shows the air permeability of the fabric tested under different temperature and humidity conditions according to the test method for air permeability of textile fabrics.
TABLE 2 air Permeability of the Fabric under different temperature and humidity conditions
Figure BDA0002232426400000112
Figure BDA0002232426400000121
From the above results, compared with the blank pure polyester fiber, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber prepared by the invention has higher crimpness, wicking height, better air permeability and drying rate, so that the fiber has good cohesive force, the prepared textile has good fluffy comfort, air permeability, good moisture absorption and quick-drying functions, the air permeability of the textile under the condition of high temperature and high humidity is improved, and the purposes that the human body perspiration strength influences the bending degree and bulkiness of the fiber, further influences the pore structure of the textile and achieves the intelligent regulation and control of the moisture absorption and perspiration speed and the sweat evaporation speed when the external environment or the temperature of the human body changes can be realized, and the results of other embodiments of the invention are similar to the results in tables 1 and 2.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is characterized by consisting of a modified hydrophilic polyester component A and a modified hydrophobic polyester component B; the mass ratio of the component A to the component B is 1: 9-9: 1; the modified hydrophilic polyester component A is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-100% of hydrophilic polyester and 0-30% of hydrophilic polyester compatilizer; the modified hydrophobic polyester component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-100% of hydrophobic polyester and 0-30% of hydrophobic polyester compatilizer.
2. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of component a to component B is 2: 8-8: 2.
3. the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the modified hydrophilic polyester component A is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80% of hydrophilic polyester and 30-20% of hydrophilic polyester compatilizer; the modified hydrophobic polyester component B is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80% of hydrophobic polyester and 30-20% of hydrophobic polyester compatilizer.
4. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polyester is preferably one of hydrophilic PET, hydrophilic PBT, hydrophilic PTT; the hydrophobic polyester is preferably one of hydrophobic PET, hydrophobic PBT and hydrophobic PTT.
5. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydrophilic contact angle of the hydrophilic polyester is not more than 70 °, and the hydrophilic contact angle of the hydrophobic polyester is not less than 90 °.
6. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polyester compatibilizer is one of acrylic acid grafted PET, acrylic acid grafted PBT, and acrylic acid grafted PTT.
7. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polyester compatibilizer is one of polytetrafluoroethylene copolymerized PET, polytetrafluoroethylene copolymerized PBT, and polytetrafluoroethylene copolymerized PTT.
8. A method of preparing the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber of claim 1, comprising the steps of,
(1) preparation of modified hydrophilic polyester component a:
mixing hydrophilic polyester and a hydrophilic polyester compatilizer according to a proportion, drying, and then blending and modifying by a double-screw extruder to obtain a modified hydrophilic polyester component A;
(2) preparation of modified hydrophobic polyester component B:
mixing hydrophobic polyester and a hydrophobic polyester compatilizer according to a proportion, drying, and then blending and modifying by a double-screw extruder to prepare a modified hydrophobic polyester component B;
(3) preparing hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fibers:
the hydrophilic/hydrophobic two-component polyester fiber is prepared by adopting a two-component composite spinning machine, respectively drying the modified hydrophilic polyester component A and the modified hydrophobic polyester component B which are prepared, then placing the dried components in an extrusion system of the two-component composite spinning machine, and carrying out melting, a metering pump, a distribution plate and a spinneret plate.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the spinneret holes used in the bicomponent composite spinning machine in the step (3) are bicomponent type, and the fiber cross section is one of parallel circular, two-circle intersecting type, parallel hollow circular, parallel Y-shaped, parallel T-shaped, parallel cross-shaped, parallel king-shaped, parallel rice-shaped or parallel non-shaped.
10. The use of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bicomponent polyester fiber of claim 1 in the preparation of a fabric which can realize intelligent regulation of moisture absorption and sweat evaporation rate by influencing the bending degree and bulkiness of the fiber, further influencing the pore structure of the fabric by the human body sweat-discharging intensity when the external environment or the temperature of the human body changes.
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